1.
The long jump (historically called
the broad jump) is a track and
field event in which athletes combine
speed, strength, and agility in an
attempt to leap as far as possible
from a take off point. This event has a
history in the Ancient Olympic
Games and has been a modern
Olympic event for men since the first
Olympics in 1896 and for women
since 1948.
2.Pole vaulting is a track and field event in which a
person uses a long, flexible pole (which today is usually
made either offiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to jump
over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to
the ancient Greeks, Cretansand Celts. It has been a full
medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men
and 2000 for women.
It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping
events in athletics, alongside the high jump, long
jump and triple jump. It is unusual among track and field
sports in that it requires a significant amount of specialised
equipment in order to participate, even at a basic level. A
number of elite pole vaulters have had backgrounds
in gymnastics, including world record breakers Yelena
Isinbayeva and Brian Sternberg, reflecting the similar
physical attributes required for the sports.[1][2] Running
speed, however, may be the most important skill required.
3.The triple jump, sometimes referred to as the hop, step
and jump or the hop, skip and jump, is a track and
field event, similar to the long jump. The competitor runs
down the track and performs a hop, a bound and then a
jump into the sand pit. The triple jump was inspired by
the ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern
Olympics event since the Games' inception in 1896.
According to IAAF rules, "the hop shall be made so that an
athlete lands first on the same foot as that from which he
has taken off; in the step he shall land on the other foot,
from which, subsequently, the jump is performed." [1]
The current male and female world record holders
are Jonathan Edwards of Great Britain, with a jump of
18.29 m (60 ft 0 in), andInessa Kravets of Ukraine, with a
jump of 15.50 m (50 ft 10 in). Both records were set
during 1995 World Championships inGothenburg.
The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal
bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it. In its modern most practised format, a bar is
placed between two standards with a crash mat for landing. At the elite level, athletes run towards
the bar and use the Fosbury Flop method of jumping, leaping head first with their back to the bar.
Performed since ancient times, competitors have introduced increasingly more effective techniques
to arrive at the current form.
The discipline is, alongside the pole vault, one of two vertical clearance events to feature on
the Olympic athletics programme. It is contested at the World Championships in Athletics and IAAF
World Indoor Championships, and is a common occurrence at track and field meetings. The high
jump was among the first events deemed acceptable for women, having been held at the 1928
Olympic Games.
Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) is the current men's record holder with a jump of 2.45 m (8 ft 014 in) set in
1993 the longest standing record in the history of the men's high jump. Stefka
Kostadinova (Bulgaria) has held the women's world record at 2.09 m (6 ft 1014 in) since 1987, also
the longest-held record in the event.
Pole vaulting is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible pole (which today is
usually made either offiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping
competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, Cretansand Celts. It has been a full medal event at
the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and 2000 for women.
It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping events in athletics, alongside the high
jump, long jump and triple jump. It is unusual among track and field sports in that it requires a
significant amount of specialised equipment in order to participate, even at a basic level. A number of
elite pole vaulters have had backgrounds in gymnastics, including world record breakers Yelena
Isinbayeva and Brian Sternberg, reflecting the similar physical attributes required for the sports.[1]
[2]
Running speed, however, may be the most important skill required.
