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Cell Wall Inhibitors: Penicillin

This document summarizes several penicillin antibiotics including penicillin G, penicillin V, nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin. It provides information on their class, structure, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, major clinical uses, and toxicities. The penicillins are natural beta-lactam antibiotics that work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis through covalent binding to penicillin-binding proteins. They are primarily used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, as well as some gram-negative infections when combined with a beta

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44 views2 pages

Cell Wall Inhibitors: Penicillin

This document summarizes several penicillin antibiotics including penicillin G, penicillin V, nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin. It provides information on their class, structure, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, major clinical uses, and toxicities. The penicillins are natural beta-lactam antibiotics that work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis through covalent binding to penicillin-binding proteins. They are primarily used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, as well as some gram-negative infections when combined with a beta

Uploaded by

aznpianodream
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell Wall Inhibitors

Penicillin
Class
Natural
PCN

Name

Structure

MOA

MOR

Spectrum
covered

Major clinical
use

Penicillin G

Thiazolidine
ring
Beta-lactam
ring
(activity)
Side chain

Covalent
binding to
Penicillinbinding
protein
(PBP)
Prevent
cross-linking
of
peptidoglyc
an layers
Induction of
autolytic
enzymes

Betalactamase
Class A:
susceptible
Class B:
impervious;
only
susceptible
to
Carbapene
ms
Failure of
abx to
penetrate
outer
membrane
(gramnegative)
Efflux
Low-affinity
binding

Betalactamase
susceptible

IM
Syphilis
PO
Syphilis
IV
MSSA

Penicillin V
Betalactamase
resistant
PCN

Nafcillin

Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
Extendedspectrum
PCN

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

Ticarcillin

Polar (will
not
penetrate
mammalian
cell)
Low CNS
penetrance
(only with
inflammatio
n)

Mostly renal
metabolism
(except
Nafcillin:
biliary)

Grampositive
only (due to
bulky side
chain
protection)

Grampositive and
Gramnegative

IV
MSSA
IV
MSSA
IV
MSSA
IV
w/ sulbactam
sinusitis, CA
pneumonia,
otitis
shigellosis
Neonatal
sepsis
PO
w/ sulbactam
sinusitis, CA
pneumonia,
otitis
IV
w/
tazobactam

Toxicities,
contraindications

piperacillin

antipseudom
onal
IV
w/
tazobactam
antipseudom
onal

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