1.
Enviromental considerations of wireless tools
To help decide which standards-based products to implement, youll want to
perform a site survey that identifies the most appropriate wireless technologies
and architectures for your environment. Before delving into the more technical
details, lets examine whats involved in planning and conducting a site survey.
Conducting a Site Survey
One of the key factors in determining the success of a wireless LAN deployment is
a site survey. Before deploying or expanding your wireless LAN, you need to
understand the needs of users in the current environment. By performing a site
survey, you can identify the appropriate technologies to apply; obstacles to avoid,
eliminate, or work around; coverage patterns to adopt; and amount of capacity
needed. Your site survey should yield a network design document that describes
the location of each access point, its coverage area, and the 802.11 a, b, or g
channel selections for the access point.
When planning and installing a wireless network, we need to be sure that you
comply with the applicable safety and operating restrictions in your country or
region. User survey What do users need? What are their expectations? What
applications are they using? What traffic types (bursty vs. continuous or
streaming) and traffic volumes are present? How densely or sparsely situated are
the users? How far will they be from likely access point locations? The workspace
Consider the space that the wireless network will serve. How will it be used? What
work areas, rooms, and hallways must be supported by the wireless
infrastructure? Using AutoCAD or a similar tool, create a diagram of the work
environment. Obstacles to signal strength In general, objects absorb or reflect
signal strength and degrade or block the signal. Identify any potential obstacles
or impediments in the area to be served. For example:
Walls especially if the wall is composed of heavier construction materials, such
as concrete. Also note any firewalls in the area.
Ceiling tiles particularly if they are made of material such as metal.
Furniture especially pieces that are largely made of metal.
Natural elements such as water, trees, and bushes not only outdoors, but
also in many lobbies, courtyards or other interior public spaces.
Coated glass transparent glass generally does not greatly degrade signal
strength. But it may do so if it is coated with a metalized film or has a wire mesh
embedded in it. Security considerations.
2.
What is going on with Wifi?
Este es el futuro del Wi-Fi de los prximos 4 aos segn la Wi-Fi Alliance
Anchos de canal de 160MHz, el doble actual La Wi-Fi Alliance lo primero que va a
hacer es potenciar la utilizacin de 160MHz de ancho de canal en la tecnologa
Wi-Fi AC, de esta manera los routers y dispositivos que se conecten tendrn el
doble de ancho de banda que actualmente (80MHz de ancho de canal con Wi-Fi
AC). De hecho en el CES 2016 ya hemos visto cmo los fabricantes empiezan a
lanzar equipos que soportan anchos de canal de 160MHz
Channel widths of 160MHz, double current The Wi-Fi Alliance first thing
you will do is promote the use of 160MHz channel width in the Wi-Fi AC
technology in this way routers and devices connected have the double
the bandwidth currently (80MHz channel width with Wi-Fi AC). In fact at
CES 2016 we have seen how manufacturers begin to launch equipment
supporting channel bandwidths of 160MHz.
Estandarizar el MU-MIMO: Ser una caracterstica obligatoria Hasta ahora la
tecnologa MU-MIMO era una caracterstica opcional que los fabricantes
introducan a sus routers para optimizar el ancho de banda y poder transmitir a
varios clientes simultneamente. Algunos fabricantes incorporan en sus routers el
MU-MIMO en forma Ready, era compatible con la tecnologa el hardware, pero
no el firmware, por lo que en la prctica no lo podamos utilizar
Standardize the MU-MIMO: It will be a mandatory feature So far the MUMIMO technology was an optional feature that manufacturers
introduced their routers to optimize bandwidth and transmit to multiple
clients simultaneously. Some manufacturers incorporate in their routers
MU-MIMO in the form "Ready" was compatible with the hardware
technology, but not the firmware, so in practice we could not use
Wi-Fi Location (Geolocalizacin en las redes inalmbricas) La localizacin en las
redes Wi-Fi estar disponible muy pronto. En los ltimos 10 aos se han
incorporado nuevas caractersticas como por ejemplo el Screen Mirroring, la
autenticacin en hotspots en roaming. Ahora la Wi-Fi Alliance incorporar la
posibilidad de precisar la localizacin de un cliente tanto en lugares interiores
como exteriores, el objetivo es el de ofrecer una gran cantidad de beneficios y
servicios a los consumidores y tambin a las empresas. Os imaginis en un
enorme centro comercial ser geolocalizados va Wi-Fi porque el GPS no tiene
suficiente cobertura? Esta tecnologa en conjuncin con Google Maps o
aplicaciones propias del centro comercial nos permitiran encontrar rpidamente
cualquier tienda en el propio centro comercial.
Wi-Fi Location (Geolocation in wireless networks) The location in the WiFi networks will be available soon. In the last 10 years they have added new
features such as the Screen Mirroring, authentication roaming hotspots. Now the Wi-Fi
Alliance will incorporate the ability to pinpoint the location of a client both indoor and
outdoor locations, the goal is to offer a lot of benefits and services to consumers and
businesses. Can you imagine a huge mall be pinpointed via Wi-Fi because GPS does not
have enough coverage? This technology in conjunction with Google Maps or own
applications mall allow us to quickly find any store in the mall itself.
Wi-Fi HaLow: A por el Bluetooth
Recientemente se ha lanzado el estndar 802.11ah, el conocido como Wi-Fi
HaLow orientado especficamente al Internet de las Cosas y que utiliza la banda
de 900MHz para tener un alcance mucho mayor que las redes inalmbricas
tpicas que trabajan en la banda de 2.4GHz.
Wi-Fi Halow: A by Bluetooth
Recently launched the 802.11ah standard known as Wi-Fi Halow
specifically oriented Internet of Things and use the 900MHz band to
have a much greater range than typical wireless networks operating in
the 2.4GHz band.
DEPLOYMENT
The major initial tasks of any wireless deployment involve setting coverage and capacity goals, creating a
predictive model that calculates how many access points (APs) you need and where to place them to satisfy
those goals within the physical environment of the site, verifying the accuracy of the predictions by performing a
manual site survey, and then making any adjustments as necessary.
How to Determine Network Needs
Determine network needs by interviewing stakeholders and, if replacing an existing network, by using network
monitoring tools to learn about its characteristics.
The following factors must be considered when determining the type and number of APs to deploy:
the maximum number of client devices that will be concurrently transmitting and receiving traffic on each
SSID
the types and capabilities of the client devices
the types of applications they will use
the mobility of users while on the network
the minimum throughput levels you want to provide
3.
WMAN its challenges as we go from 4G to 5G. What
wireless networks have to be like to cope with the
demand? MIMO
5G is associated with the next step of IMT (i.e., IMT-2020), for which initial planning is
currently under way in the ITU. Additionally, a number of other changes in the end-to-end
system will be part of 5G evolution, both in the Radio Access Network (RAN) and core
network. 5G is the term that is being applied in the market to systems beyond IMTAdvanced (i.e., beyond LTE-Advanced and WMAN-Advanced). In its various white papers
on the topic, 4G Americas has stated that while past generations have been identified by
a major new technology step, such as the definition of a new air interface, the
expectation is that 5G will be approached from an end-to-end system perspective and
include major technology steps both in the RAN and core network.
Furthermore, as 4G Americas stated in 4G Americas Recommendations on 5G
Requirements and Solutions: 3G and 4G technologies have mainly focused on the mobile
broadband use case, providing enhanced system capacity and offering higher data rates.
This focus will clearly continue in the future 5G era, with capacity and data rates being
driven by services such as video. But the future also will be much more than just
enhancements to the conventional mobile broadband use case. Future wireless
networks should offer wireless access to anyone and anything. Thus, in the future,
wireless access will go beyond humans and expand to serve any entity that may benefit
from being connected. This vision often is referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT),
the Networked Society, Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M) or machinecentric communications. North American operators best customers are no longer
humans; theyre increasingly machines such as smart utility meters, digital signage and
vehicle infotainment systems.2 While the technologies that will constitute 5G are still
being defined, the drivers for the development of the technology are well understood.
The ITU-R has identified three main usage scenarios for 5G: 3 Enhanced mobile
broadband Ultra-reliable and low latency communications Massive machine type
communications
There is a large amount of spectrum available in bands from 6 - 100 GHz, along with new
bands below 6 GHz that are attractive resources for 5G wireless mobile communications.
Further, in order to meet the 5G requirements of more than 10 Gbps peak rate and 100
Mbps cell edge rate, both improved spectral efficiency over the current LTE-Advanced
system and massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) using advanced semiconductor and
antenna technology will be fundamental to any 5G system design. The main two
techniques for improving system capacity and coverage are beamforming and spatial
multiplexing. Beamforming increases the link Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) through the
coherent addition of the signal transmitted from the antenna array and thus increases
capacity and coverage. Spatial multiplexing increases system capacity by forming
multiple parallel spatial channels between the Access Points (AP) and one or more UEs at
a time. The use of large scale phased arrays in 5G systems utilizes both of the above
techniques to improve coverage, capacity and spectral efficiency in spectrum bands of
up to 100 GHz. The use of spatial multiplexing also depends on 5G system bandwidth. As
an example, at cm-wave bands where the maximum bandwidth availability is less than
500 MHz, 4 to 8 stream Single User (SU)-MIMO will be required to meet the 5G peak rate
requirements, whereas at mm-wave bands a larger bandwidth (e.g., 2 GHz) with 2
stream SU-MIMO can be used. The difference in wavelength between current cellular
bands (e.g., 2 GHz) and cm-wave (3-30 GHz)/mmwave (30-100 GHz) bands results in an
extra 20-30 dB of path loss which is compensated by using large scale phased arrays.
Samsung s7
A)WiFi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac (2.4/5GHz), MU-MIMO:
Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a set of multiple-input and multiple-output technologies
for wireless communication, in which a set of users or wireless terminals, each with one or more antennas,
communicate with each other. In contrast, single-user MIMO considers a single multi-antenna transmitter
communicating with a single multi-antenna receiver. MU-MIMO has at times been referred to as spacedivision multiple access (SDMA); users that are transmitting at the same time and frequency may be
separated using their different spatial signatures. In a similar way that OFDMA adds multiple access (multiuser) capabilities to OFDM, MU-MIMO adds multiple access (multi-user) capabilities to MIMO. MU-MIMO
has been investigated since the beginning of research into multi-antenna communication, including work
by Telatar[1] on the capacity of the MU-MIMO uplink
B) Fast Charging, Fast Wireless Charging (wireless charging pad sold separately)
ay goodbye to tangled wires and lost charging cables. The Samsung Wireless Charging Stand utilizes
Qi Inductive Charging Technology that eliminates the need to fumble with charging cables each time
you want to charge your device. Perfect for at home or the office, the dedicated charging stand is
always at the ready, providing wireless power whenever you set your device on the stand. The stand
was designed to allow you to still use your device while charging, propping it up so you can navigate
music, review notifications and answer calls without having to interrupt charging
4.
WHAT IS A WSN?
Thousands, millions of small devices, autonomous, distributed geographically,
called sensor nodes installed around a phenomenon object to monitor it with
computing capacity (measurements) storage and communication in a network
connected without cable.
Sensor nodes:
- Integrate sensors to perform measurements.
light, temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.
- Restricted in:
ENERGY.
computing capacity
MEMORY
- Intensive use:
RADIO (to send / receive)
CPU (for processing)
- Cheap Sensors ($ 1 in 2005)
- High probability of failure
CASOS DONDE ES USADO :
Tracking (RASTREO)//principalmente en animales
-Application to control objects They are labeled with sensor nodes in a given
region.
Unlike the rest, topology the network is very dynamic, due to continuous
movement of the nodes
sensors:
The WSN must be able to discover new nodes and form new topologies.
SAFETY MONITORING(MONITORIZACION DE SEGURIDAD)
Application anomaly detection or attacks monitored environments continuously
by sensors
nodes are continually sending NO data: "REPORT BY EXCEPTION"
Lower power consumption.
Importance of "status" of a node.
real-time requirements: the importance of latency communications.
Examples: intelligent building control,detention of fires, applications military,
etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING(MONITORIZACION DE ENTORNO)
Application where a scientist wants to collect readings of an inaccessible and
hostile environment in a period of time to detect changes,trends, etc.
A large number of synchronized nodes measuring and
transmitting periodically.
high life time of the WSN.
Precise synchronization in WSN.
relatively stable physical topology.
No strict latency requirements (data for no future for real-time analysis).
Reconfiguring the network uncommon
Eg control agriculture, microclimates, etc
