Transformations
A. Stretching and compressing
y=af ( x )
a>1
Stretch
0<a <1
Compression
B. horizontal reflection
y= f ( x )
Reflection over the x axis
C. vertical reflection
y=f ( x )
Reflection over the y axis
D.Horizontal motion
y=f ( x b )
shift left
- shift right
E. Vertical motion
y=f ( x ) b
+
-
shift up
shift down
Note:
The numbers: shifts up or down right or left
The signs: reflect over the x axis or the y axis