Definition of Plant Tissue
They are one layer thick with cuticle.
A plant tissue can be defined as a cell or a group of cells dividing, to
give rise to large number of cell, which is collectively referred as tissues.
They are structurally and functionally similar to these cells.
They are composed mostly of unspecialized cells-
Plant Tissue System
parenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Plants do have a higher
level of structure called
They include trichomes, stomata, buIIiform ceIIs, etc.
Periderm
plant tissue systems. A
They are the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody
plants such as trees. They are also called as barks.
plant tissue system can
be defined as a
functional unit, which
They replace epidermis in plants that undergo secondary
growth.
connects all organs of a
plant. Like animal tissue
They are multilayered structures.
They include cork cells, which are nonliving cells that cover
system, plant tissue
system is also grouped into various tissues based on their functions.
the outside of stems and roots.
Types of Plant Tissue System
There are three types of tissue systems.
The periderm protects the plant from injuries, pathogens and
also from excessive water loss.
Ground Tissue
They synthesize the organic compounds and support the
plants by storing the produced products.They are composed of
parenchyma cells and also include collenchyma and sclerenchyma
cells.
Dermal Tissue
Parenchyma
They are the general cells of plants, which are circular in
They are the tissues, which covers the external part of the
shape and have very thin
wall.
herbaceous plants.
They are composed of epidermal cells, which secrete the
present in all plant cells.
waxy cuticle.
Waxy cuticles are responsible for protecting plants against
They are
They have very
large vacuoles and are frequently found in all roots, stem, leaves and in
water loss.
fruits
Dermal tissue consists of Epidermis and periderm.
Epidermis
They are the outermost layer of the primary plant body,
which covers roots, stems, leaves, floral parts, fruits and seeds.
Parenchyma cells help in synthesizing and storage of
synthesized food products.
Parenchyma cells also controls plant's metabolism like
They are located in the veins of the Leaves
Xylem
The term
photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis.
They also play a vital role in wound healing and regeneration
of plants.
Xylem is derived
Collenchyma
from the Greek word
meaning Wood.
Collenchymas are a specialized parenchyma tissue, which
are found in all green parts.
They are dead
with hollow cells, which
Collenchyma cells are elongated with unevenly thickened
consist of only cell wall.
walls.
They are alive during the cell maturity.
Collenchyma cells controls the functions of young plants.
A collenchyma cell provides a support to plants by not
They play a vital role in transporting water and dissolved
nutrients from the roots to all parts of a plant.
They transport the nutrients in the upward direction .i.e. from
the root to the stem, leaves and flower.
restraining growth, which is caused due to their absence of secondary
Xylem is also called as water-conducting cells.
walls and hardening agent in their primary walls.
Phloem
Sclerenchyma
They are rigid, non-living cells.
They have thick, lignified secondary walls and lack protoplasts
The term phloem is derived from the Greek word
meaning Bark.
They are live cells, which lack nucleus and other organelles.
They transports dissolved organic food materials (sugars)
at maturity.
They provide strength
A sclerenchyma cell also provides a support to plants with the
from the leaves to all parts of a plant.
help of hardening agent present in their cells.
Sclerenchyma cells are of two types:
Sclereids: They are short, irregular in shape and have thick,
They transport the nutrients in the downward direction .i.e.
from the leaves to the different parts of the plant.
Phloem is also called as sugar-conducting cells.
There are two types of tissue systems.
lignified secondary walls
Fibers: They are long, slender and are arranged in threads
Vascular Tissues
They are specialized cells with transport of water, hormone
and minerals throughout the plant.
They contain transfer cells, fibers in addition to xylem,
phloem, parenchyma, cambium and other conducting cells.
Meristematic Tissues
Meristematic tissues are group of cells, which have the ability to divide.
Intercallary meristems : They are found at the bases of
This tissue consists of small, cubodial densely packed cells, which
young leaves and internodes. They are mainly responsible for further
keeps on dividing to form new cells. These tissues are capable of
lengthening of stems and leaves.
stretching, enlarging and differentiate into other types of tissues as they
mature. Meristematic tissues give rise to permanent tissues.
General characteristics of Meristematic tissues
They have very small cells with thin cell walls.
Permanent Tissues
The tissues, which are derived from the Meristematic tissues,
are called as permanent tissues. They are the tissues, which have lost
Their cells have large nuclei.
Their cells have very small vacuoles and they lack
intercellular spaces.
their ability to divide as they have attained their mature form.
Kinds of Permanent Tissues
Simple permanent tissue: They are the tissues, which are
similar in function and are called as simple because they are composed
They remain young forever and divide actively throughout the
of similar types of cells, which have common origin and function.
life of the plant.
In plants, these tissues are found in the -Tips of roots, stems,
Complex permanent tissue: They are the tissues, which are
nodes of stems, buds, in between the xylem and phloem, under the
composed of two or more types of cells but contribute to a common
epidermis of dicotyledonous plants and also producing branch roots.
function are called complex tissues
Kinds of Meristematic tissues
Apical
Plant Tissue Functions
functions.
meristems : They are
found at the tip of stems
and roots. During the cell
Different types of plant tissue have their own respective
The plant tissue helps in providing mechanical strength to
division, this meristem
both the internal and external organs.They also help in rendering
helps in
the elasticity and flexibility to the organs. The tissue also helps in
cellular enlargement and
easy bending in various parts of a plant like- leaf, stem and
also it influence the
branches without causing any damages to main plant.The tissue
shapes of the mature plants.
also helps transportation of materials thorough out the plants and
prevents water loss.They divide to produce new growth and build the
Lateral meristems : They are found along the sides of roots
and stems .They play a vital role in increasing the width or diameter of
stems and roots.
mass of the plants.They are involved in various cellular metabolisms like
photosynthesis, regeneration, respiration, etc.
