GRADE 4

Home-School

Connection

Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121-2298.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be
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copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form for any other purpose without the prior written
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broadcast for distance learning.

Contents
What to Send Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Letter Home Template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Welcome Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
in English and Spanish

Unit 1
Week 1 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . . 7
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . . 9
Paolo
Week 2 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . 21
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . 23
The Case of the Missing Scarf
Week 3 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . 33
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . 35
Kids Work

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Week 4 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . 49

Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . 51
Summer in Space
Week 5 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . 61
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . 63
Drawing Highland

Unit 2
Week 1 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . 75
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . 77
Coretta Scott King
Week 2 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . . 89
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . . 91
Determined to Win:
Babe Didrikson Zaharias
Week 3 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 103
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 105
Citizens at Work
Week 4 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 117
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 119
Cattle-Driving Horses
of the Old West
Week 5 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 131
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 133
Quileute Legends

On-Level Books

iii

Unit 3
Week 1 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 145
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 147
Snakes in North America
Week 2 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 159
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 161
Fish Tricks
Week 3 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 173
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 175
Symbols of America
Week 4 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 187
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 189
The Dragons Dinner
Week 5 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 201
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 203
Beautiful or Not

Unit 4
Week 1 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 215
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 217
The Tiger-Stripe Potion
Week 2 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 229
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 231
Butteries and Moths
Week 3 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 243
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 245
The Power of Wind
Week 4 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 259
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 261
The Southwest
Week 5 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 275
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 277
From Gliders to Rockets

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

iv

On-Level Books

Unit 5
Week 1 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 291
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 293
Survival in the Sahara Desert
Week 2 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 303
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 305
Three Tricky Tales
Week 3 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 317
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 319
Preserving Unique Places:
Our National Parks
Week 4 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 333
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 335
Changing Earth
Week 5 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 347
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 349

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Looking at Whales

Unit 6
Week 1 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 361
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 363
Explorers of the Southwest
Week 2 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 377
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 379
Camel Ride
Week 3 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 391
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 393
Marie Curie
Week 4 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 405
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 407
Amazing Stuff!
Week 5 Parent Letter, English . . . . . . . . 419
Parent Letter, Spanish . . . . . . . . 421
Thomas Alva Edison

Calendars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Send a calendar home at the beginning of each month with
activities, events, or announcements for parents and students.
Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

On-Level Books

What to send home each week

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Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

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 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

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 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

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Welcome!
Dear Family Member:
Welcome! This year your child will be building important
reading skills. You can help your child practice reading skills
taught at school. By working together, you and your child
can become partners in learning.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Each week your child will bring home:

a letter that tells you about the book the class is
reading that week.
three homework activities that will improve
reading skills and offer practice with words your
child is learning.
a story for the two of you to read together.
Reading is key to improving learning in all other subject
areas. With that in mind, here are a few questions you
may want to ask me when we meet:
How is my child progressing in reading?
Which area is my childs strongest?
Which is the weakest?
How can I help my childs reading
improve?
Your interest, praise, and encouragement are
sure to lead to your childs success in school.
Heres to an exciting year of learning!

Yours truly,

enidos!
v
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i
B

Queridos familiares:

Este ao su hijo(a) comenzar a construir habilidades de lectura

muy importantes. Usted puede ayudarlo a practicar las habilidades
de lectura que aprendi en clase. Trabajando juntos, usted y su
hijo pueden convertirse en compaeros de aprendizaje.
Cada semana su nio traer a casa:
una carta que le hablar sobre el libro que la clase est
leyendo esa semana.
tres actividades de tarea que mejorarn sus habilidades
de lectura y le ofrecern prctica de las palabras que su
hijo(a) est aprendiendo.
un cuento para que los dos lo lean juntos.
Leer es clave para mejorar su aprendizaje de todas las otras
materias. Con esto en mente, aqu estn algunas preguntas que
usted tal vez quiera hacer cuando nos reunamos:
Cmo est mi hijo(a) progresando en lectura?
Cul es el rea ms fuerte de mi hijo(a)?
Cul es la ms dbil?
Cmo puedo ayudar a mejorar a mi
hijo(a)?
Su inters, sus elogios y sus expresiones de nimo
seguramente conducirn al xito de su hijo en
la escuela. Estamos a punto de arrancar un
emocionante ao de aprendizaje.

Atentamente,

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
border

boycotts

opportunities

unions

citizen

strikes

Picket Line Suppose you are new to this country and

believe people are not paying you well for your work.
For each word above, well decide how we can make a
picket sign using the word.

sum

at

plum

bell

grim

band

bluff

dock

blot

odd

cash

mill

past

shelf

wealth

hint

build

plot

left

crunch

Missing Vowels Ill make a list of these words leaving

out the vowels. Ill give you the list. You can write in the
missing vowels. Then well look over your list to see how
many words you spelled correctly.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

Maria is afraid of what her

new life will be like, and she
is sad about the loved ones
she will leave behind in
Mexico. In My Diary :
from Here to There,
Im reading Marias
diary. When she and
her friend braid each
others hair in the park,
I can tell how much her
friend means to her. There is
so much more information in a book than
what is written on the pages.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: make inferences
Vocabulary: word origins
Spelling/Phonics: short vowelsthe vowels a, e, i, o,
and u

Name
7

Where Did It Come From?

This word originated in the Old Norse language.

The Norse word is vindauga, which means winds
eye. The word is
.

Where do words come from? Read the words in the box. Use
the clues to make inferences about what each words origin
is. Choose the correct word from the box and write it on
the line.

frankfurters

sophomore

window

cereal

Ceres was the Roman goddess who protected food

crops. Romans offered wheat and grains to her.
The wheat and grains became known as
.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Sidewalk carts sell tasty sausages on the streets

of Frankfurt, Germany. These delicious sausages
became known as
.

This word is a combination of two

Greek words, soph which means
wise and moros which means
foolish. The word is
.

denim

This blue fabric from which jeans are made

originated in Nimes, France. It was called
fabric de Nimes (fabric from Nimes). The
word is
.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
border

boycotts

opportunities

unions

citizen

strikes

sum

at

plum

bell

grim

band

bluff

dock

blot

odd

cash

mill

past

shelf

wealth

hint

build

plot

left

crunch

Sin vocales Voy a hacer una lista con estas palabras

sin ponerles las vocales. Luego te dar la lista para
que pongas las vocales que faltan. Al nal revisaremos
la lista para ver cuntas palabras has deletreado
correctamente.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Huelga Supone que acabas de llegar a este pas y

piensas que no te pagan bien por tu trabajo. Vamos a
usar cada una de las palabras de la lista en un cartel
para una huelga.

Mara tiene miedo de su

nueva vida, no sabe cmo
ser y est triste por los
seres queridos que va a
dejar atrs en Mxico.
Estoy leyendo el diario
de Mara, My Diary:
from Here to There.
Cuando Mara y su
amiga se trenzan el
pelo la una a la otra en
el parque, me puedo dar
cuenta de cunto signica su amiga para
ella. Hay mucha ms informacin en un libro que lo que
est escrito en sus pginas.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: hacer inferencias
Vocabulario: origen de las palabras
Ortografa/Fontica: vocales cortas como a, e, i, o y u

Nombre
9

Qu origen tiene?

This word originated in the Old Norse language.

The Norse word is vindauga, which means winds
eye. The word is
.

De dnde vienen las palabras? Lee las palabras del

recuadro. Usa las pistas para hacer inferencias sobre el
origen de cada palabra. Escoge la palabra apropiada del
recuadro y escrbela en la lnea correspondiente.

frankfurters

sophomore

window

cereal

Ceres was the Roman goddess who protected food

crops. Romans offered wheat and grains to her.
The wheat and grains became known as
.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Sidewalk carts sell tasty sausages on the streets

of Frankfurt, Germany. These delicious sausages
became known as
.

This word is a combination of two

Greek words, soph which means
wise and moros which means
foolish. The word is
.

10

denim

This blue fabric from which jeans are made

originated in Nimes, France. It was called
fabric de Nimes (fabric from Nimes). The
word is
.

Summarize
Use an Inferences Word Web to
help you make inferences about

1ZcS

1ZcS

7\TS`S\QS

Paolo and what it was like for

him to come to the United States.

1ZcS

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

PAOLO

1ZcS

by Bob McCall
illustrated by Paul Lee

Then use what you have learned to

summarize the story.

Think and Compare

1. Look back at pages 67. Why did Paolos mother
want him to stay away from the family from
Calabria? (Make Inferences)

another woman talking about troublemakers. Think

about something you overheard. How did you
feel? Did you tell anyone else? Why or why not?

Paolo

2. Paolos mother was worried when she overheard

(Apply)
3. Was Paolos mother right to warn Lorenzo not
to talk about unions? Should people always be
allowed to say what they think? (Evaluate)

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Arrival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2 The Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3 Caught. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chapter 4 The Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Thats what we like to see, said Mrs.

Alfieri. A happy ending.
Will we have to go back to Italy?
Paolo asked his father.
What? After all the trouble weve gone

Chapter 1

through to get here? No. Were going to

ARRIVAL

be Americans now.
Mrs. Alfieri told them that first they had

Paolo stood on the deck of the

to finish getting their papers in order and

steamship SS Laconia, which was anchored

then they were free to go.

in New York Harbor. He was trying to

Youre here to stay now, Paolo,

see the island, but it was covered with

laughed Mrs. Alfieri. Well make an

lurking in the water like a sea monster.

Paolo was very nervous, and the worst
part was he didnt know why.

Paolo

morning mist. It almost seemed dangerous,

American citizen of you yet!

Paolo coughed. His cough was getting

worse. It was the air down in steerage,
he thought. Deep down in the ship was a
large, open area filled with bunk beds. It
was called steerage. Paolo and his parents
had spent the trip from Italy in this big
room. It was crowded with immigrants
who couldnt afford the expensive tickets.

19

one he could ask. No one spoke Italian.

Paolo prayed that his family wouldnt be
sent back to Italy.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The worst thing was not knowing what

had happened to his father. There was no

Paolo went up on deck to get a breath

of air whenever he could. The air blowing
in from the ocean was a relief.
Now their long journey was over. Today
Paolo and his family would arrive in the

Paolo was happy when Mrs. Alfieri

United States. Paolo hurried down to see

arrived to visit him. Paolo! The doctor

if his family was awake yet.

tells me you are getting well.

Paolos mother, Maria, was getting

Im much better, Paolo said. Whats

breakfast ready. She was slicing meat

happened to my father?

and a bit of bread saved from dinner the

night before.

Your father is fine, Mrs. Alfieri said.

Your mother, too. I wanted to

blurted out.
Youre worried about your papa? Mrs.
Alfieri asked. Well get dressed, and well
go see if we can find him.
The longest walk Paolo had ever taken
was the walk back to the immigration

kissing him. Find your father, and tell him

Paolo

Did Papa get into trouble? Paolo

Where have you been? she asked,

that breakfast is almost ready.
Paolos father, Lorenzo, was talking with
the other men.
We were thrown off our land, Lorenzo
was saying. The rest of the men nodded
sadly. They were farmers too.

building with Mrs. Alfieri. Then he saw

One man was cutting pieces from a

his parents sitting with their bags near

wrinkled old apple. He popped the pieces

the entrance. His mother and his father

into his mouth one at a time. Why did

jumped up and Paolo threw himself into

they kick you out? he asked.

their arms.

18

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

The Hospital
When he first got to the hospital,
Paolos whole body shook with fear. He
had never been in a hospital before. He
didnt know what to expect. The hospital

Lorenzo. We couldnt pay rent that high

was crowded, but it was clean and there

and eat too. So I asked other farmers to

were windows so he could see the sun.

refuse to work until we got a fair deal.

Paolo

The landlord raised our rent, said

The nurses and doctors were good to him

and the other patients.

Ah, said the man. In the United

States, they call that a strike.

Paolo was in the hospital for three

days. The boys and men on his ward

For that, I was thrown off the land my

came mostly from Germany. They chatted

father had farmedmy grandfather and his

happily all day. It made Paolo feel very

father too! Lorenzo said.

lonely and afraid. He reminded himself

A man in a battered hat spoke up.

constantly of the courage his father

Here its better. They have something

always showed. Paolo remembered that his

called unions.

parents would want him to be brave. This

kept his spirits up.

What are they? asked Paolo.

17

Ill find your mother, and well stay here

with you no matter how long it takes.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Lorenzo was silent for a moment. Then

he turned to his son. Dont worry, Paolo.

Paolo tried to look braver than he felt.

went to get breakfast.

now, sir, said Mrs. Alfieri to Lorenzo.

Paolos mother was worried. Lorenzo,

dont talk politics. I overheard a woman

Paolo grabbed his fathers sleeve and

saying that they dont want troublemakers

whispered, Papa, please tell them well

here. Workers in Pennsylvania have tried

buy whatever they want us to.

to start a boycott, whatever that is.

Lorenzo smiled. Paolo, you know I

brave, Paolo. Everything will be well.

Mrs. Alfieri took Paolos hand and led

Its when you refuse to buy things

Paolo

what can I do? Im for them. Now be

union, though.

exclaimed Lorenzo. Then he and Paolo

You have to go to the legal inspection

If they ask what I think about unions,

owners. I dont think the farmers have a

We should have one, eh, Paolo?

Itll be all right, Papa.

wont lie. He patted his son on the head.

A group of workers. They stand by

each other and bargain with the factory

from someone who is treating you

unfairly, said Paolo.
Maria smiled and shook her head. Not
you too! She looked at Lorenzo. See?
All right, he said. But I wont lie. If I

him away.

am asked what I think, Ill tell them.

Really, Lorenzo, Maria said. Dont say
this to the Americans on the island.
The island was called Ellis Island. A
man on the ship had told Paolo it was
the Gateway to the New World.

16

It would take his mind off his worries. One

thing he loved about life on the ship was
the opportunity to make new friends.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Paolo couldnt sit still. He decided to

walk around the ship and visit his friends.

Luckily, Mrs. Alfieri was right there.

Take a deep breath, Paolo.
Paolo did, making a great effort not to
cough. The doctor frowned.
Mrs. Alfieri whispered into the doctors

The ship was so crowded that he had to

ear. Paolo felt betrayed. The doctor

squeeze between people. He kept saying,

nodded and took out the chalk. He

Excuse me. Excuse me. It took a long

marked Paolos jacket with the letter P.

time to get from one place to another.

Paolo was afraid that he had been marked

He recognized a family from Calabria.

to be sent back to Italy, like some old

Paolo was from Sicily. This family had two

package nobody wanted.

children. The adults were a little older than

Mrs. Alfieri said to Lorenzo, Im sorry,

Paolos parents, and they seemed very nice.

but Paolo will have to stay in our hospital

children. She had a beautiful voice. Paolo

for a few days.

wanted to get to know them.

Paolo

At night the mother would sing for her

Paolo shivered. His worst fear had

come true. He was going to be sent back
to Italy.
But hes healthy, Lorenzo said. Hes
never been sick.
Im sure its just a bad cold, said
Mrs. Alfieri. But theres been a lot of
whooping cough and other diseases going
around. Paolo will stay here on the island
until were sure its nothing serious.

15

Before Paolo could say anything, the

doctor looked into the other eye.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The doctor quickly looked Paolo over.

Then he examined Paolos right eye.

The doctor motioned for Paolo to open

His mother, however, had told Paolo

to stay away from them. One of the
boys has a sickness in his eye, she said.
You might catch it. Sometimes they keep
people out of the United States for being
sick, you know. His mother was always

his shirt. Paolo obeyed. The doctor took

afraid that they wouldnt be allowed into

something out of his medical bag. It had

the United States.

two long, black tubes with a small,

bell-shaped object at the end of it.

Paolo suddenly felt like coughing. As he

Paolo had seen this thing before. Doctors

fought the urge his face turned red and

listened to your chest with it. The doctor

his body shook with the effort. Finally the

said something in English. Paolo didnt

tickle in his chest went away. Paolo didnt

understand. He shrugged and looked

want his mother to know he had a cough.

Paolo

around for help.

14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

When it came time for the boy to be

examined, he was trembling. Paolo was
afraid for him. It was a long trip back
to Italy and Paolo wondered if his whole
family would go back with him or if he
would go alone. Paolo would hate to take

Chapter 2

the long trip by himself.

THE GATEWAY

The doctor held something in his hand.

He put it to the boys face and looked

Paolo and his parents walked up to the

at the boys eye. Then he grunted and

main building on the island. The building

picked up a piece of chalk. He made a

was made of red bricks with a border of

mark on the boys jacket with the chalk.

white stone. They walked with hundreds

Eye infection, the doctor said. An

were carrying everything they owned.

The day was very hot. Paolos father
laughed. They call this hot? Were from

Paolo

of people, maybe thousands. All of them

officer took the boy by the arm and

led him away. The boys father followed,
calling out, What is the problem? Its
nothing. A sore eye. Thats all.

Sicily. Now thats hot! Paolo smiled but

privately he thought he had never been

Paolo looked at his father. Lorenzo

so hot in his life. Maybe it was because

smiled sadly and patted his sons cheek.

his mother had made him wear the extra

Paolo, dont be afraid. Always do what

clothes that couldnt fit in the suitcases.

you know is right and things will turn out

well.

The ships unloaded travelers from all

over the world. Paolo could tell the people
were from many different countries by the

Someone called loudly, Next! Paolo

turned and walked to the desk.

languages they spoke.

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

So many languages! Everyone was

chattering away, wondering what would
happen next. As newcomers poured into
the building, the people there told them
to leave their baggage in a special room.
Paolo didnt like leaving his belongings with
strangers, but there was no other choice.
They followed the crowds to a stairway
that went up to the second floor. Here
they were told they had to separate. The
men went one way, the women and little
children another. Maria didnt like this.

Paolo tried to see what was going on

at the head of the line. When the next
mans turn came, a doctor studied him.

Paolo

Maria pleaded, Hes only 12 years old!

Cant he stay with me? The man in charge
just pushed Paolo and Lorenzo along with
the other men and boys.
Dont worry, Maria, called Lorenzo.
Well see you soon.

Then he did something to his face. Paolo

asked his father what was happening.

Paolo was carried along by the

steady stream of men. He tried to

I think hes looking at his eyes,

Lorenzo said.

keep his mother in sight, but

soon she was gone.

When Lorenzo said this, the boy with

the sick eye turned around. He looked
very worried.

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Paolo couldnt lie and disappoint his

father. For a week, he said, feeling
hopeless. I caught it on the boat.
Mrs. Alfieri said, When you are finished
with medical inspection, wait for me. She
smiled as Paolo nodded. Dont worry. Im

Chapter 3

Caught

sure its just a cough.

She showed Paolo and his father where
to go for the medical examination. There

When Paolo walked into the Great

Hall, he gasped. He had never seen such

was a long line of men and boys standing

a large room. His father said, They do

between rails. Paolo thought, Maybe the

things big in the United States, eh?

rails are there to keep us from escaping.

Then Paolo saw that he was standing

before he could stop himself. The cough

was so bad that tears came to his eyes.
When he stopped coughing, Paolo saw

Paolo

Paolo was so shocked he coughed

behind the boy with the eye sickness.

his father bending over him, looking

concerned. Then Paolo saw an officer in
uniform coming toward him. The officer
called out to a tall young woman. She
was pretty, and Paolo hoped she was also
kind. The officer spoke to her in English.
The woman turned to Paolo and said in
Italian, Hello. Im Mrs. Alfieri. He wants to
know how long youve had that cough.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
curious

policy

ranged

temporary

several

frequently

Sentence Sense Lets see how many of these words we

can use in one sentence. We can keep going until our
sentences stop making sense.

pale

face

crate

clay

stray

cane

slate

bail

rail

break

ache

today

drain

faint

ame

claim

eight

steak

mane

graze

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This week were reading a story from The

Adventures of Ali Baba Bernstein. The story takes place
in Davids classroom at school and in his home. Its
about a boy named David who wants to be the best
at everything. When David looks in the phone book,
he nds out that there are many David Bernsteins,
so he changes his name to Ali Baba Bernstein. I can
understand that the character always wants to stand
out from other people and thats why he picked the
name Ali Baba.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: character, setting
and plot
Vocabulary: thesaurussynonyms
Spelling/Phonics: words with
long a

Looking for Letters There are four different ways to

spell the sound of long a. Can you sort these words into
four categories? Lets try.

Name
21

Build a Character
Well look at each illustration and use it to paint a picture of
a character. Well think of a setting and create a plot for a
story.

Character ?

Character ?

Setting ?

Setting ?

Plot ?

Plot ?

Setting ?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Character ?

Character ?

Setting ?

Plot ?

22

Plot ?

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
curious

policy

ranged

temporary

several

frequently

Oracin con sentido Veamos cuntas de estas

palabras podemos usar en una oracin. Podemos seguir
aadiendo palabras hasta que nuestras oraciones ya no
tengan sentido.

pale

face

crate

clay

stray

cane

slate

bail

rail

break

ache

today

drain

faint

ame

claim

eight

steak

mane

graze

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO

Esta semana estamos leyendo un cuento de Las

Aventuras de Ali Baba Bernstein. La historia tiene lugar
en el saln de clase de David y en su casa. Es acerca de
un nio llamado David que quiere ser el mejor en todo.
Cuando mira la gua telefnica se da cuenta de que hay
muchos David Bernstein, por lo que camba su nombre
a Ali Baba Bernstein. Yo entiendo que el personaje
siempre quiere sobresalir de la dems gente, y por eso
eligi el nombre de Ali Baba.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: personaje, ambiente
y argumento
Vocabulario: tesaurosinnimos
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras
con a larga

Cuatro grupos Hay cuatro maneras diferentes de

escribir el sonido de la a larga. Puedes agrupar estas
palabras en cuatro categoras? Vamos a intentarlo.

Nombre
23

Armar un personaje
Character ?

Vamos a observar cada ilustracin y luego la usaremos

para hacer el dibujo de un personaje. Vamos a pensar en un
escenario y a crear la trama para un relato.

Setting ?

Character ?

Plot ?

Setting ?
Plot ?

Setting ?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Character ?

Character ?
Setting ?
Plot ?

24

Plot ?

Summarize

Setting

Use a chart to tell about

Event

Characters
Reaction

Event

Characters
Reaction

Event

Characters
Reaction

the characters and events

in the story. Then use the
information to summarize the
story.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

The Case
of the
Missing Scarf
by Meish Goldish
illustrated by Stacey Schuett

Think and Compare

1. Reread the book. How do the characters
mystery? (Character, Setting, Plot)
2. Think about when you lost something.
Where did you find it? What evidence
helped you find it? (Apply)
3. Todd needed Nosey to help solve
the case. Explain other ways that
dogs can help people. (Evaluate)

16

The Case of the Missing Scarf

work with each other to solve the

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 On the Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2 An Extra Nose . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 3 What a Mess!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 4 A Surprise Discovery . . . . . . . .14
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Todds mother had a problem. Ive

lost my favorite white scarf, she said.
Todd wanted to help her find it. He
searched under tables and behind chairs.
He looked in closets and under the beds.
He didnt see the scarf anywhere.
Todd wasnt worried, however. He was
curious. He had solved many cases in
the past. Once he found his fathers lost
baseball cap behind an old paint can
in the garage. Another time he found
his mothers keys among the leaves of a
houseplant. In fact Todd had solved every
case he had ever worked on.
He thought he could
complete this
assignment too.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

On the Case

Todds mother felt embarrassed, and her face

turned red. Now I remember what happened! she
cried. When I drove home this morning, my scarf
fell onto the front seat. I tossed it in the glove
compartment. I completely forgot about it after
that. Then she added, Todd, you will never be
accused of failing an assignment. Youre the best
detective ever!

The Case of the Missing Scarf

Chapter 1

Mom, guess whats here! Todd said, pulling out

his mothers white scarf.

15

Todd pulled Nosey out of the store.

He was glad to be outside again, but he
was too upset to walk home. He saw
a pay phone and called his mother. He
asked her to pick him up.
As he waited, Todd considered what to
do next. His search had ranged from the
attic to the park to the drugstore. Those
were the only places his mother said she
had been that morning. So where else
might her white scarf be?
A few minutes later, Todds mother
drove up. Todd put Nosey into the back
seat of the car, then got in next to his
mother. As he sat in the parked car he
began to tell her what happened in the
store. Suddenly Nosey started to bark
loudly. He leaped over the front seat and
sniffed the glove compartment. Todd
opened it and laughed.

14

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Surprise Discovery

The Case of the Missing Scarf

Chapter 4

Todd took out his handy detective notepad and

pen. He asked his mother several questions, as any
good detective would. When did you last wear the
scarf? he asked. Do you remember taking it off?
Where did you last see it?
Todd took notes as his mother replied. I put
on the scarf this morning when I got dressed,
she said. After breakfast I went up to the attic to
get some blankets. Then I walked to the park and
back. Later I drove to the drugstore. After I got
home, I realized my scarf was missing.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Now Todd knew just where to begin his search.

He led his mother up to the attic. As he looked
for the scarf, he sneezed several times. His allergies
were acting up because of the dust in the attic. His
mother handed him a tissue.

With great effort, Todd finally managed to pull

Nosey away. The clerk was still quite upset. Todd
tried to make things better with a joke. Well at
least Nosey didnt consume the cookies in the next
aisle, he said. The clerk didnt even smile.

The Case of the Missing Scarf

I wear the scarf a lot, she said. In fact

you could find it by the smell of my perfume.
Suddenly she had an idea. She left the room and
soon returned with a perfume bottle. Here, smell
this, she said to Todd. This is what my scarf
smells like.

13

The store clerk was very unhappy. Dogs are not

allowed in this store, he said in a strict voice. Just
look at the mess hes made. Please take your dog
outside this minute!
Todd was very embarrassed. He tugged again at
Noseys leash, but the dog wouldnt budge. It was
hard to pull Nosey away. He was eagerly sniffing
the same kind of perfume that Todds mother wore.
Nosey had finally located the smell that he had
been taught to find. Now he wasnt willing to leave.

12

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Todd sniffed the bottle several times. However

he couldnt smell the perfume because his nose was
badly stuffed. He considered what to do next. His
mother had said she walked to the park earlier.
So Todd decided to go to the park to continue his
search. Maybe he would find the white scarf there.
But if he couldnt smell it, then how could he be
sure he found the right one? Todd knew a good
detective had to be sure about everything.

The Case of the Missing Scarf

Todd considered what to do next. Suddenly he

heard a loud crash and a dog barking in the next
aisle. Todd immediately became suspicious. He
thought it sounded like Noseys bark. Sure enough,
he found Nosey at the perfume display. The dog
had gotten loose from the parking meter and had
run into the store. He was sniffing perfume bottles
that had fallen to the floor. Todd tried to pull the
dog away.

After some more consideration, Todd

had an idea. Ill use the help of a
special four-legged friend, he said.
Todd walked next door to his neighbor
Mrs. Rose. She owned a pet bloodhound
named Nosey. She called him that
because bloodhounds have an excellent
sense of smell. Good afternoon, Mrs.
Rose, Todd said. May I please borrow
Nosey for some temporary help?
Of course you may, Mrs. Rose said
with a big smile. Todd, are you working
on one of your detective assignments?
Todd smiled and nodded his head.
Mrs. Rose went to her backyard and
returned with Nosey. The dog licked
Todds hand. The two always got along.
Todd thanked Mrs. Rose. Then he led
Nosey home. His mother was standing by
the front door.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

An Extra Nose

The Case of the Missing Scarf

Chapter 2

Todd entered the drugstore. A clerk stood behind

the counter. Do you happen to have a white scarf
here? Todd asked. The clerk pointed to Aisle Six.
Todd was excited as he walked down the aisle.
He hoped he would find his mothers scarf there.
However all he saw were several new scarves for sale.
Todd returned to the clerk. He said, Im sorry,
but I didnt make myself clear before. What I
meant was, did you find a white scarf that was lost
here earlier? The clerk checked a lost-and-found
box behind the counter. He shook his head.

11

Todd took out his detective pad and

read over his notes. His mother had
been to the drugstore after coming back
from the park. So Todd headed to the
drugstore with Nosey to continue his
search.
At the store, Todd saw a big sign in
the window. It had a no pet policy. Todd
would have to keep him outside. He saw
a parking meter on the sidewalk. He tied
Noseys leash to the pole.
Todd petted the dog, and Nosey licked
his hand. You stay here while I look for
the scarf in the store, Todd said.

10

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

What a Mess!

The Case of the Missing Scarf

Chapter 3

Mom, Todd called, please get your bottle of

perfume again.
Todds mother brought out the bottle. Todd
put it under Noseys nose. The dog sniffed
several times. Good boy, Todd said, petting the
bloodhound.
Todd then turned to his mother. Mom, he said,
Nosey now knows what your scarf smells like. If
hes attracted to a white scarf in the park, then that
evidence will prove its yours.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Todd walked Nosey to the park. Todd led Nosey

all around the area. At first the bloodhound was
very quiet and even seemed bored. Then, suddenly,
Nosey raced to a tree and began to bark loudly.
Todd ran quickly to keep up. He hoped that Nosey
had found the white scarf.
Todd looked around the tree but saw no scarf.
Instead Nosey was barking at two squirrels that
were running up and down the tree trunk. A fine
bloodhound you are! Todd laughed.

The two continued their walk. Nosey sniffed

frequently. He sniffed the benches and the swings.
He sniffed everything in sight.
Suddenly Nosey grew excited again. He ran to a
pond and barked loudly. Todd quickly followed. He
hoped to find his mothers scarf there. Instead he
saw Nosey barking at a family of ducks.

The Case of the Missing Scarf

Another false alarm, Todd sighed. He left the

park with Nosey. But he wasnt about to give up.
Todd was sure he could find the missing scarf.

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
enterprising

identied

persistence

venture

undertaking

recognized

busy, enthusiastic

determination

(fold here)

Matching Words Ill give you one or two words that

mean the same or almost the same as one of the words.
Then you tell me which word it refers to.

tea

feet

three

week

deed

sleek

beam

heal

deal

tease

speech

leak

league

reef

thief

squeak

breathe

wheeze

chief

please

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

Kid Reporters at Work is a

series of articles about kids who
made a difference. Terrence
Cheromcka went to a UN conference
of world leaders and reported on it
in a magazine article. Martin Jacobs
interviewed the youngest winner
of a state science fair. Terrence
and Martin both wanted to make a
difference, even though they wrote
about different things. Perhaps
these articles will give me an
idea of what I might do for my
community.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: compare and contrast
Vocabulary: thesaurusantonyms
Spelling/Phonics: the sound of e spelled ea, ee, and ie

Searching for e How many spellings can you nd that

stand for the sound of e? Lets take each word and think
of another word that has the same spelling pattern.

Name
33

Lend a Hand
What could we say in a poster for the cause? How would
ours be different? How would it be the same? Lets write
posters for the cause.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

There is an empty lot in your neighborhood. It is

lled with trash, old tires, and broken bottles. You
have an idea of turning that lot into a playground
for kids or a community garden.
34

Younger children like to listen to stories. Your idea is

to work with the local library and with some friends
to create a weekly story hour. During story hour you
and your friends will read to young children.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
enterprising

identied

persistence

venture

undertaking

recognized

busy, enthusiastic

determination

tea

feet

three

week

deed

sleek

beam

heal

deal

tease

speech

leak

league

reef

thief

squeak

breathe

wheeze

chief

please

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Correspondencias Te dir una o dos palabras que

signican lo mismo o casi lo mismo que una de las
palabras de la lista. Debes decirme a qu palabra se
parece.

Kid Reporters at Work es una

serie de artculos sobre nios que se
destacan. Terrence Cheromcka fue a
una conferencia de lderes mundiales
en las Naciones Unidas y escribi un
artculo sobre el tema. Martin Jacobs
entrevist al ganador ms joven
de una de feria de ciencias estatal.
Tanto Terrence como Martin queran
hacer algo importante aunque
ambos escribieron sobre distintas
cosas. Pienso que estos artculos
me darn una idea de lo que
puedo hacer por mi comunidad.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: comparar y contrastar
Vocabulario: tesaurosantnimos
Ortografa/Fontica: el sonido de la e, como en ea, ee
y ie

Busca cuntas hay De cuntas formas se puede

escribir el sonido de la e? Vamos a ver palabra por
palabra y a pensar en otra palabra que se escriba
siguiendo el mismo patrn.

Nombre
35

Da una mano
Qu podramos decir en un cartel para las siguientes causas?
Cmo se diferenciara de los carteles que vemos aqu? En
qu se parecera? Escojamos una causa y escribamos carteles
para expresar nuestra opinin.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

There is an empty lot in your neighborhood. It is

lled with trash, old tires and broken bottles. You
have an idea of turning that lot into a playground
for kids or a community garden.
36

Younger children like to listen to stories. Your idea is

to work with the local library and with some friends
to create a weekly story hour. During story hour you
and your friends will read to young children.

Summarize

Different
Alike

Use the diagram to record

information from the book.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

What are the benefits of

running your own business?

Kids
w o r k
by Laura Shallop

What makes owning a business difficult? Use

this information to summarize the book.

Think and Compare

1. Which of the kid businesses that you
would be the most successful? Use
information from the text to support
your answer. (Compare and Contrast)
2. What kind of business would you like
to start? Why do you think that you
would be successful? (Synthesize)
3. Why is it important for people to
start businesses? How do different
businesses help people around the
world? What kind of businesses are
the most important? (Evaluate)

Kids Work

read about in this book do you think

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
A Hobby Grows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Kids Have Great Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3
Kids Love Their Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 4
Kids Make a Difference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
24

Its never too early to start thinking

about a job. You can get a head start by

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction
learning about different businesses.

environment, 1920
farming business, 9, 1415

Other people make money by becoming

food business, 69

entrepreneurs. They are people who own

hobby, 4

and work for their own business. They are

Internet, 2, 9, 13, 16

Kids Work

in charge. Often the business is based on

You can begin by choosing something that

Chamber of Commerce, 10

Do Something, 19

else. They are employees of that business.

Today many kids start their own

business plan, 5

computer, 1213

for a business that is owned by someone

businesses, and you can be one of them.

BizCamp, 5

charity, 1718

Many people make money by working

an idea or a product they have created.

Index

marketing, 10
printing, 1011
rainforest, 20
recycling, 1819
Think Computer Foundation 13

interests you. If you like to make jewelry,

then you can sell that. If you enjoy using
the Internet, you can start a Web service
company for other Internet users.

23

business plan (BIZ-nis PLAN) a way of

thinking ahead of time about an activity to
make money (page 5)

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Glossary

things, you are on your way to becoming

an entrepreneur. But be prepared for a
your company is in your hands.

enterprise (EN-tuhr-prighz) something that a

person plans or tries to do (page 4)

One of the
biggest benefits
of owning your
own business is
getting to make
your own rules.

Kids Work

entrepreneur (on-truh-pruh-NUR) a person

who plans, sets up, and runs his or her own
business (page 2)

organization (awr-guh-nuh-ZAY-shun) a group

of people that come together for a common
goal; a business or company (page 10)

skills, and confidence. With those three

lot of hard work. The success or failure of

employee (em-PLOY-ee) a person who works

for a person or business for pay (page 2)

marketing (MAHR-kit-ing) selling and

promoting a product (page 10)

All you need is an idea, some business

profit (PROF-it) the money left over after all

the costs of a business are paid (page 4)
raw material (RAW muh-TEER-ee-uhl) a supply
needed to create a product (page 4)

22

A Hobby Grows
Most kids create a business out

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

help. If you can find someone who needs

woodworking, and he turned his hobby

something, you can start a new business.

into a business called Kens Pens.

Be sure to research your idea and

Kenny saw an ad for a pen-making kit

figure out how to do it safely and well.

in a woodworking catalog. He decided

With careful planning and hard work, you

to try it out. Over the next five years

can set up a business. Its never too early

he built his own moneymaking enterprise

sells his pens for $25 to $50. He pays his

to make your dreams come true.

Kids Work

Kenny figures that the raw materials he

uses to make each pen cost about $5. He

What kind of business can you start?

Look around your neighborhood. You will
probably find someone who can use your

of a hobby. Kenny Kirkpatrick liked

selling wood-covered pens.

Conclusion

advertising and shipping costs and still has

plenty of profit left over.
Kenny makes the wood cases for his pens. He buys
the inner pen parts separately.

21

Janine Licare and Aislin Livingstone

live in Costa Rica near a rainforest. They
started Kids Saving the Rainforest (KSTR).

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Kid Entrepreneurs Are Everywhere

But people still thought she was too

the rainforest.

young to run a business.

KSTR headquarters helps

So Crystal attended a summer business

people find out about

camp for children called BizCamp. There,

rainforests and why they

she improved her math skills and learned

Kids Work

preserve the rainforest.

she learned that people would pay her

wedding party for more than 200 people.

spread information about the problems of

money they make helps

school and church events for free. Then

was only 13 years old, she decorated a

about KSTR. The free publicity helped

runs an art store. The

design. She began arranging flowers for

to make flower arrangements. When she

The girls told newspapers and magazines

are important. Today, KSTR

Crystal Ann Ramous enjoyed art and

how to write a business plan. A business

plan helps kids figure out how to run a
company. At BizCamp Crystal gained the
confidence and skills she needed to run
her flower business.
In 2003 Crystals business
won the camps Bizplan
competition.

The rainforest is
home to many
animals. Janine
is holding a
tree sloth.
20

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Just Do Something
Bryan Condy wanted kids at his high
school to recycle. He got in touch with Do
Something, a group that supports people
who want to make a difference. They
helped him start a recycling club and plan
a recycling event.
The recycling club at his school planned
another event the next year. The club
wanted to raise money by recycling.

Elise and Evan sell a lot of chocolate.

A Kid Chocolate Business

Elise Macmillan was only three when
she learned how to make chocolate candy
from her grandmother. She became good

Kids Work

Students designed recycling T-shirts. Bryan

made a video to teach people about
recycling. The event raised money and
taught people about recycling.

at it. So at ten, Elise started selling her

homemade chocolate candies to people in
her neighborhood. People kept buying her
candy. So she decided to start a business.
In 1998 Elise opened The Chocolate
Farm. Elise needed help so her brother,
Evan, joined her. They sell their candy all
over the world.
6

19

Megan Britton followed these steps to do

something good for her community:

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Path to a Change

Elise and Evan make a winning team.

She is in charge of making up new recipes,
and he plans different ways to sell their
candy. Today The Chocolate Farm earns
more than $1 million a year.

See It: Megan noticed that many children in

her neighborhood needed food during the
summer when they couldnt get free lunch
at school.

People are very

interested in two kids
who run a successful

Believe It: She set a goal to raise $200 at a

garage sale.

business. Reporters told

Build It: Megan planned the garage sale.

also appeared on

Reflect: Megan raised an amazing $3,100 at

the two-day sale! She felt great because she
knew her project helped a lot of children.

television. Who

Kids Work

Do It: Megan sold food, books, and items

donated by neighbors.

their story. The two have

knew chocolate
could be so
good for you?
In 2001 The
Chocolate Farm
was named the
top youth food
business in the
United States.

Bryans community worked all year to collect

40,000 bottles and cans. They raised $1,320.

18

Kids Have Great Ideas

Do you like pasta? Well, Erica Gluck did

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

Chapter 4

Kids Make a Difference

Many kids use their leadership skills to
help others. These young go-getters work

seven. Every weekend there was a farmers

with charity groups to raise money. Thats

market near Ericas home. People sold

just what 11-year-old Megan Britton decided

fresh food from booths. Erica wanted to

to do. Her idea for a charity garage sale

sell pasta there. So she asked the owners

helped raise money for people in her

of a local pasta shop if she could sell

community. She saw a need and filled it.

their pasta. They agreed.

Her hard work helped others.

Erica got her parents to

help her. They bought 120
pasta packages for $1.25
each. Then they sold the
packages for twice that

Kids Work

and that gave her an idea when she was

Megans friends helped her sell items at her garage

sale. It was a good way to help her community and
get the whole community involved.

amount. The price of the

pasta helped them make
a profit.

17

Travis Keith Bruce has always loved

fishing. One summer he and some friends
decided to raise fishing worms to use

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Finding Workers

for bait. After raising worms as a hobby,

Top 5 Kid-Owned Businesses

Here is a list of the top 5 moneymaking
kid-owned businesses in 2001:
1. Computer Products (like software or
accessories)

Travis did an Internet search on worms.

He found out he could earn money selling

2. Information or Entertainment for an

Audience

some of the worms.

So he launched T.K.

3. Internet Business

Worm Factory. His

4. Food Business

ships earthworms all

5. Computer Design Services

over the world.

Running the business
is a lot of work so
Travis hired his best
friend, Decardos Maddox,

Kids Work

company sells and

The family sold a lot of pasta. Before

to help. Together they

long they decided to expand, or build,

feed the worms and

the business. They would sell more things.

find ways to make the

They decided to sell olive oil and bread

business grow.

on the Internet. They also run a company

that sells pasta cookbooks. Erica helps her
dad create kid-friendly recipes for their
cookbook company, Pasta Press. The whole
family now works for the company.

16

At 15, Tyrone Gray started a printing

business in his home. Two years later, his
business had grown, and he needed more

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Kid Tech Business

Kelsey decided to rent 8 acres

(3 hectares) of the cornfield from her
parents. She built her maze and hoped
people would come. They did. The next
year, she took a bigger chance. She

space. He moved his company into a busy

decided to make her maze larger. She

part of town.

added 10 new acres (4 hectares) and

Tyrone identified the importance of

more than doubled her business. Her risk

marketing his business. Marketing is telling

paid off.

customers about your business and then

selling your products to them. Tyrone
Web site to sell his products.
Tyrone also makes contacts with other
businesses through the Chamber of
Commerce. This is an organization that
helps local businesses succeed. With the
Chambers help, he held a grand opening.
A local newspaper ran a front-page story

Kids Work

offers a toll-free business number and a

The maze is an ancient art that has been around

for thousands of years. Today there are almost
700 corn-crop mazes in the United States.

about his business. Those things brought

in more business.

Printing services print everything

from cards to manuals.

10

15

Kelsey Deaton had an enterprising idea

for a business. She wanted to cut a giant
maze into her familys cornfield. It turned

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Kid Farming Business

out to be a great idea. The first year,

over 1,000 customers bought tickets to
go through the maze.
But before she started her venture,
Kelsey needed answers to some important
questions. She asked her friends and
how much they would pay for tickets. Their
answers helped Kelsey decide what to do.

Starting Your Own Business

Kids Work

neighbors if they would visit her maze and

Heres some advice about starting your

own business:
1. Think before you make a decision.
Ask parents and friends for advice.
2. Read about other businesses like yours.
Learn the skills you need.
3. Never quit. Learn from your mistakes.
4. Dont expect quick success.
14

11

Kids Love Their Work

Aaron Greenspan has liked playing with

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

Aarons company has a Web site. It

gives information about his products and
services to people around the world. Using
his site, people focus on what Aaron can
do and not how young he is.

computers since he was a young boy. He

Sixteen-year-old Pankaj Arora started

took them apart and then fixed them.

Soon he was fixing computers for his

a computer company of his own in a

family and friends. Word spread about

similar way. He began by taking apart his

how good he was. Businesses asked him

fathers old computers. He ruined a few,

to repair their computers. A business was

but thats how he learned to fix them. His

born. Aaron started his own company,

persistence paid off.

Kids Work

Think Computer, at 15.

Pankaj learned an important secret of

business success. When you love what
youre doing, even if its hard, it doesnt
feel like work. He should know. At one
time he turned down a new job paying
$100,000 a year. Thats because money
is not the main reason Pankaj works on
computers. He does it because he likes it.
And he likes being his own boss.

In 2000 Aaron created the Think Computer

Foundation. It provides computers for children
in Jamaica and Brazil.

12

13

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week were reading The Astronaut and the

Onion. Those two things dont seem like they go
together. Gloria meets Dr. Street in a supermarket.
Gloria wants to be an astronaut and now she has met
one. I wonder what will happen next, and how the
author will tie the two characters together. Ill know
more when I nish the story.

display

endless

paralyzed

realistic

sensible

protested

Good Idea Choose a word that gives you an idea for a

story. We can use the words to outline the plot.

SPELLING WORDS
drive

pies

die

wipe

height

pride

spy

sigh

prime

sly

pry

minding

twice

slight

kite

climb

inside

shy

fright

Double Trouble Lets see if you can spell each word.

Then, look at the different ways you can spell the sound
of long i. We can look at each spelling word and nd
another word with the same spelling for the sound for
long i.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

le

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: character
Vocabulary: dictionary
Spelling/Phonics: the sound
of i spelled ice, y, igh, ie,
i, and ei

Name
49

Tell Us More

Linda is a gymnast. She

practices long hours each
day. She would like to be on
the United States Olympic
gymnastic team. She hopes
that one day her hard work
will pay off.

Millie likes to clown

around. Thats because she
is a clown. Millie performs
with a circus. She does silly
things that make kids and
their parents laugh.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Mark is a firefighter.
He goes into burning
buildings to put out
fires. Sometimes he
saves people who
are trapped in the
building.

Don works at an
animal rescue home.
He helps take care of
dogs, cats, squirrels,
and birds that are
injured. He nurses
them back to health.
Amy prepares dinosaur
bones for a museum. Using
a tiny pick and brush, Amy
carefully chips away at
the rocks surrounding the
bone. It can take Amy
many weeks to clean just
one small bone.
50

Here are some introductions to different characters. Lets

talk about each character by creating traits, thoughts,
physical appearances, actions, and anything else that will
Tell Us More about each one.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras

Esta semana estamos leyendo The Astronaut and

the Onion. Estas dos cosas parecen no tener mucho que
ver, pero lo que pasa es que Gloria conoce al Dr. Smith
en un supermercado. Gloria quiere ser astronauta y por
n conoce a uno en persona. Me pregunto qu va a
pasar despus y cmo la autora va a vincular a los dos
personajes. Voy a saber ms cuando termine el cuento.

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
display

endless

paralyzed

realistic

sensible

protested
(fold here)

Idea para un cuento Escoge una palabra que te d

una idea para un cuento. Podemos usar el resto de las
palabras para hacer un bosquejo del argumento.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
drive

pies

die

wipe

height

pride

spy

sigh

prime

sly

pry

minding

twice

slight

kite

climb

inside

shy

fright

Por partida doble Vamos a ver si puedes deletrear

cada palabra. Luego, veamos todas las maneras
diferentes en que se puede escribir el sonido de la
i larga. Podemos mirar cada palabra de la lista y
encontrar otra palabra en la que el sonido de la i larga
se escriba igual.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

le

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: personaje
Vocabulario: diccionario
Ortografa/Fontica: el
sonido de la i cuando
se escribe ice, y, igh,
ie, i y ei

Nombre
51

Ms informacin

Linda is a gymnast. She

practices long hours each
day. She would like to be on
the United States Olympic
gymnastic team. She hopes
one day that her hard work
will pay off.

Millie likes to clown

around. Thats because she
is a clown. Millie performs
with a circus. She does silly
things that make kids and
their parents laugh.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Mark is a firefighter.
He goes into burning
buildings to put out
fires. Sometimes he
saves people who
are trapped in the
building.

Don works at an
animal rescue home.
He helps take care of
dogs, cats, squirrels,
and birds that are
injured. He nurses
them back to health.
Amy prepares dinosaur
bones for a museum. Using
a tiny pick and brush, Amy
carefully chips away at
the rocks surrounding the
bone. It can take Amy
many weeks to clean just
one small bone.
52

En estas pginas se presentan diferentes personajes. Para

hablar sobre cada uno de ellos vamos a crear caractersticas,
ideas, rasgos fsicos, acciones y cualquier otra cosa que nos
d ms informacin sobre cada uno.

Summarize

B`OWb

B`OWb

Use a Character Web to record

traits about the characters
in the story. Then write a

1VO`OQbS`

B`OWb

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Summer
in Space

B`OWb

by Sunita Apte
illustrated by Jeffrey Lindberg

summary that tells what each

character is like.

Think and Compare

1. Look back at page 14. What do you
alien a job? What does this decision
say about Shona? (Analyze Character)
2. Would you like to be an astronaut
and live on a space station for the
summer? Why or why not? (Apply)
3. The children make friendly contact

Summer in Space

think about Shonas idea to give the

with an alien from another universe.

Should people on Earth try to contact
aliens? Why or why not? (Evaluate)

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Arrival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2 Whats Going On? . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 3 Who Are You? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 4 A Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

16

The Arrival
Rahul was staring anxiously out the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

A few weeks later,

Rahul and Shona were
once again looking out
the spaceship window. This
time they were leaving

spaceship window. Mom, how long til

Space Station 88. Now

we get there again? he asked.

the space station

gleamed in the endless

His sister Shona laughed. Rahul,

didnt you just ask her ten minutes

darkness. It was a working

ago? And she said two hours?

space station again. And, hovering over

Astronaut Amla Gupta smiled. Now

kids, she said, theres no point in
arguing about it. Well get there when
we get there. Why dont you play with
the other kids? I thought I saw Carlos
and Keisha and Fatima playing space
tag on the landing.
The Guptas were on their way to
Space Station 88 for the summer with

Summer in Space

the loading dock, was Beta 225.

From her seat at the control panels,

Look, Shona said. Theres Beta 225.

How sweet! It came out to say goodbye.
Amla Gupta looked up from the flight
deck, smiling. She had worked hard to
convince Mission Control to let the alien
stay on as a caretaker. Okay, you two,
its seat belt time. Were about to blast
into hyperspace.
Rahul and Shona quickly settled

ten other families. The station had

themselves in their seats. The spaceship

been abandoned for 50 years.

gave out a giant roar as it blasted off.

They were heading home.

15

Hey guys, I have an idea. Remember

when we got here, how we were
surprised that so many things were

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Hmm, maybe not, Shona said.

still working? She quickly typed, Did

Now the space station was needed

for research. So the families would
spend the summer fixing it up. In the
fall, a caretaker would live there.
Rahul and Shona had left Earth

you fix all the stuff here at the space

before. But they had never gone so

station?

far, and for so long. What were a few

Yes, Beta 225 answered. I fixed

trips to the moon compared to this?

many things here.

Two hours later, brother and sister

with Mission Control. But I think maybe

weve found a new caretaker for our
space station.
To Beta 225 she typed, Maybe we
can find you a job.

14

were back at the spaceship window.

Summer in Space

Well, said Shona, Ill have to talk

to my mom, and shell have to okay it

Their noses were pressed against the

display. Outside, floating in a sea of
endless black, was Space Station 88. It
looked a little old. Pieces had fallen off
and were floating nearby.

station! Rahul exclaimed.

Yeah, I cant believe how beaten up
it looks, Shona replied. I guess it was

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Wow, look at that junky old

I was on a mission to explore

the universe, it continued. I became
separated from my crew. I drifted in
space for a long time. Then I found
this station. I like it here.

difficult to send people to take care

How long have you been here?

of it. Can you believe that, in the old

Shona typed.

days, most people never left Earth?

Ive been here for more than

Yeah, Im sure glad I didnt live

20 years. Then you monsters came. I

thought flying on planes was really

think you might try to kill Beta 225.

cool. How not cool is that?

Just then, their mother called out,
Take your seats, were docking.
Rahul and Shona belted themselves
in. Then the spaceship slid into the
landing dock with a loud thunk.

Summer in Space

back then, Rahul said. I mean, they

Were monsters? Delores whispered.

What is he? Prince Charming?
Shh, Shona whispered back. Go
on, she typed into the computer.
I am happy here! Beta 225
continued. If more of your kind come,
I will be forced to go away.

13

A Job

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

The alien looked like a large, clear

Chapter 2

Whats Going On?

Everyone was pleasantly surprised
once they had landed.

CD. It was covered in strange lights.

As the kids watched, a beam shot out

The electricity works! Amla Gupta

from one of the lights, lifting a storage

exclaimed. And so do the controls in

box into the air.

the landing dock. Mission Control said

the station was completely run-down.

I guess it heard our message,

hanging out here. She flipped open
the computer and turned on the
alien-language software. Who are
you? she typed.
The alien began beeping very loudly.
More beams shot out from its lights.

Summer in Space

Shona remarked. Or it wouldnt be

They can only guess from Earth,

Carloss dad, Astronaut Jos Vasquez,
said. No one has visited here for
50 years. Maybe things are in much
better shape than we thought.

The beams moved over the keyboard

like fingers, typing very quickly. I am
Beta 225, it answered. I come from
Planet Beta Klox.

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Finally, the four kids could stand

it no longer. Im going back to the
storage room, Rahul told the others.
They all decided to go with him.
Shona unhooked the computer and
brought it. Everyone was quiet as they
reached the storage room.

After unpacking Rahul and Shona set

Carlos went in first and flipped on

to explore the stations inner hallway.

the light. Thats when the kids realized

They stopped when they came to the

their efforts had paid off after all.

storage room.
Wow! What did they keep in here?
Delores asked. This room is huge.
They probably kept spare parts and
food and stuff like that, Carlos replied.
The astronauts on this space station

Summer in Space

off with Carlos and his sister Delores

Hovering in the middle of the room,

beeping and moaning, was the alien.

used to stay for years at a time.

Wowyears in space without
coming home, Shona said. That must
have been tough. Space travel is so
much more sensible now. No one has
to stay away for years at a time.

11

Delores said. Lets try using the

alien-language computer software.
Shona nodded her head. You mean

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Maybe the creature is an alien,

the software all astronauts carry in

Yeah, Im happy they finally

discovered hyperspace travel, Rahul
said. I wouldnt want to be in space
for five years.
The kids walked around the storage

case they meet an alien? How sensible

room. Suddenly Delores jumped back

thats really using your head. We can

and let out a scream.

use the software on Moms computer

Carlos, its not nice to scare me like

to broadcast a message all over the

that, she shouted. Im telling Mom!

like Hello. We mean no harm. Lets go

talk to Mom.
The next morning, Amla Guptas
computer was hooked up to the
space stations speaker system. The
alien-language software was working.
Hello. We mean no harm. Please meet

Summer in Space

station. We can say something friendly,

I didnt do anything, Carlos

protested.
You didnt? Delores looked confused.
Someone was right behind me, just
now, beeping and moaning in my ear.
It wasnt me, Rahul and Shona said
at the same time.

us was being broadcast in the station.

Well then, who was it?
Everyone hoped the idea would
work. By afternoon, however, there was

No one said anything. For a moment,

still no sign of what was sharing the

everyone was paralyzed with fear. Then

space station with them.

Carlos yelled, Lets get out of here,

and they all ran.

10

Who Are You?

As the weeks went by, everyone

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

The kids were worried. Did the

station have a space ghost? Did
someone, or something, want them out
of there? Rahul, Shona, Delores, and
Carlos were determined to find out.

settled into life on the space station. The

I say we take everything out of the

adults did the major repair jobs, which

were fewer than expected. The kids

storage room, Carlos said. Then we

helped paint and cook and clean.

can get rid of whatever is in there.

Be realistic, Shona said. We cant

But something strange was going on.

take everything out. Where would we

storage room. Now it continued.

Other people began to hear beeps
and moans too. The noises seemed
especially noticeable from the storage
room at night.
Then things began to disappear.

Summer in Space

It had started that very first day in the

put it? Maybe the creature is friendly,

but scared. I think we should try to
communicate with it.
Yes, but how do we do that?
Rahul asked.

Someone would take something out

of the storage room. The next day it
would be gone. Then someone else
would find it back in the storage room.
No one would admit to moving it.

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
advanced

consisted

peculiar

positive

selecting

aware

Dog Words Ill choose a word from above. Well try to

make up a sentence to tell something about a dog.

SPELLING WORDS
chose

shadow

fold

goal

ow

mold

stone

groan

stove

stole

foam

roasting

sole

toll

blown

bolt

quote

mows

lower

O! O! How many ways can you spell the sound of long

o? Find the different ways and make a chart. Write
the spelling pattern over each column. Then write the
spelling words that belong under it.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

mole

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

Were reading Because of

Winn-Dixie, about a girl and her
dog. We are learning that things
in a story happen in order or in
sequence. The rst thing in the
story that happens is that the girl
is inside the library and her dog is
outside the library looking at the
girl through the window. Next, the librarian mistakes
the dog for a bear. Then the elderly librarian begins to
tell the girl about a time when a bear really did come
into the library. The girl says her dog wants to hear
the story too and asks to bring the dog in the library. I
wonder what will happen next? When I have nished
reading I will be able to answer that question and tell
the story in the order that things happened.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: sequence
Vocabulary: word studyconnotation-denotation
Spelling/Phonics: the sound of o

Name
61

All About Books

M I

Look at the list of words from the story youre reading in

class. Find and circle the words in the grid on the next page.
Write the letters that remain, in order, in the spaces below.
Then read the Chinese proverb about books.

R A N N Y B

B O E N A O M I
I

A B

B R A R Y K O E O E

O K O V P

S N R

E A R G A R D E K R

D C C W I

N D O W A S

O R T V E R Y O L D
dog

ction

Naomi

Miss Franny Block

positive

scream

select

very small

snufed

very old

window

Winn Dixie

G W I

N N D

E D R

N A P

S N U F

E D A V O C O

V E R Y

S M A L

L K E

E A T

I M I
T

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

very gray library

G T

R E

62

books

Answer: A book is like a garden carried in a pocket!

bear

L O C K A

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
advanced

consisted

peculiar

positive

selecting

aware
(fold here)

Cosas de perros Voy a escoger una palabra de la lista.

Trataremos de formar una oracin que hable acerca de
un perro.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
chose

shadow

fold

goal

ow

mold

stone

groan

stove

stole

foam

roasting sole

toll

blown

bolt

quote

lower

mows

Oh la o! De cuntas maneras puedes escribir el

sonido de la o larga? Piensa en las diferentes maneras
y haz una tabla. Escribe el patrn de ortografa como
encabezamiento de cada columna y luego las palabras
que siguen el patrn.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

mole

Estamos leyendo Because of

Winn-Dixie, que trata de una nia
y su perro. Estamos aprendiendo
que en un cuento las cosas
pasan en orden o en secuencia.
La primera cosa que pasa en el
cuento es que la nia est dentro
de la biblioteca y su perro est
afuera mirando a la nia por la ventana. Despus la
bibliotecaria confunde al perro con un oso. La anciana
mujer comienza a contarle a la nia sobre una vez en
que un oso haba entrado de veras en la biblioteca.
La nia dice que su perro tambin quiere or el cuento
y le pide traerlo a la biblioteca. Me pregunto qu
pasar despus. Cuando haya terminado de leer podr
responder esta pregunta y contar el cuento en el
orden en el que pasaron las cosas.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: secuencia
Vocabulario: connotacin-denotacin
Ortografa/Fontica: El sonido de la o

Nombre
63

Ejercicio de palabras

M I

dog

ction

very gray library

Naomi

Miss Franny Block

positive

scream

select

very small

snufed

very old

window

Winn Dixie

R A N N Y B

A B

L O C K A

O K O V P

B R A R Y K O E O E

S N R

E A R G A R D E K R

D C C W I

N D O W A S

O R T V E R Y O L D

G T

E A T

G W I

N N D

E D R

N A P

S N U F

E D A V O C O

V E R Y

S M A L

L K E

R E

I M I
T

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

64

Answer: A book is like a garden carried in a pocket!

books

B O E N A O M I

Mira la lista de palabras del cuento que ests leyendo

en clase. Bscalas en la cuadrcula de la pgina siguiente.
Encirralas en un crculo. Luego escribe en orden en los
espacios en blanco las letras que quedaron fuera de
los crculos. Formarn un proverbio chino acerca de
los libros.

bear

Summarize

First

Use a Sequence Chart to record the

events of the story. Then write a

Next

summary. Use only essential information.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Drawing
Highland

Last

by Rachel Mann

Think and Compare

illustrated by Ashley Mims

1. Look back at Chapter 1. What

order do the events occur? (Analyze)
2. Think of a time when someone helped change
your mind about something. What did that person

3. Do most people find their own hometowns

exciting? Explain your answer. (Analyze)

Drawing Highland

do to cause you to change your mind? (Apply)

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
The Drawing Contest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2
A Fellow Artist in Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 3
Seeing Highland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter 4
A New Friend, A New Town . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

The Drawing Contest

Library card, please.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

I never saw that drawing, said Briana

to Nate after the ceremony ended. What
made you choose it?
Before we started drawing together,
Nate replied, I always thought that

Nate Jasper fumbled for his library card

Highland consisted of nothing but boring

and handed it to Ms. Kim, the librarian.

cows and trees. But you showed me that

He was checking out books about life in

this town is full of exciting and unique

the American colonies for a social studies

things . . . even my own house!

report. He hadnt realized it was his turn

Well, if it werent for you, I wouldnt

because he was distracted by a sign taped

know anything about this town, said

Drawing Highland

to the wall beside the circulation desk.

Briana. Im really glad we met.

Me, too, said Nate.
For Nate, the best thing about the
contest wasnt even winning, although that
felt pretty good. Not only did he have a
new friend, he felt like he had a whole
new town. He appreciated Highland like he
never had before.
Nate and Briana decided to start the
Highland Explorers Club. Each weekend
they planned to go on journeys to the
special, hidden places that made their
town one of a kind.

19

uncovered their drawings. The audience

clapped, and Nates and Brianas families
jumped up to hug them.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Nate caught Brianas eye across the

room. They smiled broadly as Ms. Kim

The sign read: First Annual Highland

Drawing Contest. Prizes to be awarded for
drawings that best show the exciting and
unique beauty of Highland, Vermont.
I see that our drawing contest has

Brianas drawing showed the deer

caught your eye, said Ms. Kim. Are you

standing outside the woods near the

an artist?

river and the old mill. Nates drawing was

Yeah, I guess I am, said Nate. But

of his familys white farmhouse, with a

Ive never entered a contest.

beautiful fall sunset in the background.

Well, why not consider making this

Drawing Highland

your first? asked Ms. Kim. We have

a Young Artists division, and we need
people like you to help make the contest
a success. The winning drawings will be
displayed here in the Highland Public
Library. Here, take a flyer and think about
it. Ms. Kim handed Nate a piece of paper
with the contest details.
Ill think about it, said Nate. Thanks.
He pushed the library books and the flyer
into his bookbag.

18

pick him up. He zipped his jacket up to

his neck and put his hands in his pockets
to keep warm. The autumn wind whipped

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Nate went outside and sat down on

the library steps to wait for his dad to

Hi, Briana, Nate said. Do you think

theyll start soon?
I hope so, she said. Im nervous!
Me, too. Good luck! Nate returned to
sit with his family just as Ms. Kim began

brown leaves around the parking lot.

to address the audience.

I have to enter this contest! Nate said

Welcome to the awards ceremony

to himself. He had always loved making

for the First Annual Highland Drawing

his sketches and drawings. His favorite

Contest, she began. The library is

gifts to receive were art supplies. He

sponsoring this contest because we think

could never have too many sketchpads,

it is important for Highland residents to

pencils, charcoals, crayons, and paints.

But something about this contest
troubled him: He couldnt think of anything
exciting or unique about Highland. Years
of living in the small Vermont town had
convinced him that it was a very dull
place. Theres nothing exciting about
farms, animals, and trees! he thought.
What will I draw?

Drawing Highland

art. His room at home was covered with

appreciate the beauty of our town. What

better way to capture that beauty than
with art?
Enough talk! thought Nate. Who are
the winners?
So without further ado, continued Ms.
Kim, let me now reveal the winners in
the Young Artists division. We were very
pleased to see so many young people
with advanced artistic talent. It was such
a tough decision to pick a winner that we
have a tie for first place. And the winners
are . . . Nate Jasper and Briana Williams!

17

A New Friend,
A New Town

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

On a snowy Sunday in December,

Chapter 2

A Fellow Artist
in Need
Nate was lost in thought. He was
imagining a high-speed car chase

the awards ceremony for the drawing

through downtown Highland,

contest. Nate was anxious to find out the

complete with helicopters

results. After many weekends of exploring

whirring above and TV

and sketching with Briana, he had so many

reporters everywhere.

drawings that he had trouble selecting the

Nate snapped out of his

best one to enter. Nate looked around in

the crowd and spotted Briana sitting with
her family. He walked over to her.

Drawing Highland

Highland residents packed the library for

daydream when a girl

sat down beside him
on the library steps. He
recognized her. Her name
was Briana Williams, and
she was the only new
student in Nates
fourth-grade class.

16

neck. I saw Ms. Kim hand you one of

these flyers, too. She held up the paper
about the contest. Id really like to draw

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Hi, Briana said to Nate, as she wrapped

a long, rainbow-colored scarf around her

Im looking forward to next week, said

Briana, as she waved good-bye to Nate.
Good luck with your drawings!
You, too, said Nate. He couldnt wait
to start filling his sketchbooks with all his

something for the contest. How about you?

ideas for the contest.

Yeah, maybe. Im thinking about it. Nate

shrugged his shoulders. He really wished he
could think of something good to draw.
The thing is, said Briana, I havent
moved here from Texas. I still dont know
the town very well.
Well, Ive been here my whole life, said
Nate, and believe me, theres really not
much to see here. Thats why Im not sure
about entering the contest. I cant think of
anything in Highland thats exciting enough

Drawing Highland

been in Highland very long. My family just

to draw!

15

to walk home.
Thank you so much for bringing me

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Nate and Briana sat sketching until their

legs ached from sitting. Then they began

here, said Briana. Theres nothing like

Everything in Highland may seem boring

to you, said Briana, but to me its all
new! Maybe you could show me around. Im
positive that you know about lots of local
spots that I havent discovered yet. Id really
appreciate an insiders tour.

this old mill in Houston. Most of the

buildings there are new and modern. And

Yeah, I can do thatno problem, said

theres no place there so quiet and pretty

Nate. But trust me, Highland is a big bore.

as these woods. Im going to love living in

Highland!

are lots of other neat places in Highland.

Next Saturday maybe Ill take you over to
Dovers Farm or to Fawn Mountain.
Nate realized that his afternoon with
Briana had caused him to be aware of
Highland in a new way. Hed been down
to the old mill more times than he could

Drawing Highland

No problem, said Nate. And there

count. But he had never thought about

it as a beautiful place before. It was as
if he, like Briana, was seeing Highland for
the first time.

14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Nate wondered why he had never

thought to draw the old mill before.
Once he looked closely, it really was a
fascinating place.
Look at that, whispered Briana. She
pointed across the river. Nate looked up

Leave that for me to decide, said

and saw a graceful brown deer staring at

Briana. Lets meet next Saturday.

them from the edge of the woods. Its

Bring your sketchbook and pencils.

so beautiful, she added. The deer snuffled

You never know what will inspire us!

its nose in the fallen leaves, and then

disappeared into the forest.

his dads hunter-green pickup, so he

stood up and said good-bye.
Nate wondered if Briana was on
to something. Was Highland really
a boring place? Or was he just too
used to it?

Drawing Highland

Okay, said Nate. They exchanged

phone numbers. Then Nate spotted

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

Seeing Highland
Brrrr, Im still not used to this
chilly wind, said Briana, as she
pulled her wool hat down to her
eyes. I never even owned a wool
hat or scarf in Houston!

Briana climbed up next to Nate and

She and Nate wandered slowly

gasped when she peered inside. She

machinery attached to it.

insiders tour of Highland. Their feet

Its a waterwheel, explained Nate. It

was used to power the grain mill here
over a hundred years ago.
Ive never seen anything like it! said
Briana. Lets draw it!
They found a place to sit on the
riverbed, a few feet away from the

Drawing Highland

saw a huge wooden wheel with metal

down Johns Lane, beginning their

crunched in piles of leaves.
Texas must be really different
from Vermont, said Nate.
Yeah, its very different, said
Briana. For one thing, the leaves on
the trees never turn red and yellow
and orange. Look at this tree. I think
Ill draw it.

mill. Nate took out his pencils. He drew

the waterwheel from memory, since he

Okay, said Nate.

couldnt see it from where he was sitting.

A few times, he climbed up to look
through the window again. He wanted to
remind himself of the wheels details.

12

colored pencils. Nate decided he might

as well sketch a bit, too. At first it
felt weird to draw a tree hed passed

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Briana sat down on a rock beside the

tree. She pulled out her sketchbook and

Look at that wonderful old building!

Briana exclaimed as the large, dilapidated
wooden mill became visible in the
distance. What is it?
Follow me, said Nate. Ill show you.

a hundred times. But soon he was

Nate led Briana along a leaf-covered

completely absorbed in his drawing. He

tried to capture the trees fullness and

path away from the road. They walked

brilliant colors.

down to the side of the building. Nate

pointed to where the river ran right

Do you smell that strong, peculiar

beneath the old structure. He climbed up

smell? asked Nate.

Briana sniffed. Yes. What is it?
Its the smell of the fallen leaves
returning to the earth. You can smell it in
the fall, and again after the snow melts in
the spring.
I definitely never smelled that in
Texas! said Briana. After a few minutes,

Drawing Highland

on some blocks piled under a window.

Take a look! he said.

they decided to move on. Nate had a

destination in mind. He was taking Briana
to the old mill by the river. It was an easy
walk from both of their homes, but it was
hidden down a side street. Nate was pretty
sure that Briana hadnt found it yet.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week we are reading My Brother Martin. Its a

story about Martin Luther King, Jr., a man who made a
difference in our lives. His sister, Christine King, writes
about what their lives were like growing up. She tells us
what kind of boy he was. It will be interesting to learn
how the events of his life inuenced the kind of man he
became. I guess thats what his sister wants us to know.

ancestors

injustice

avoided

segregation

unfair

numerous

Words and Our World Lets use the words to make

sentences telling about someone that made a difference
in our world.

SPELLING WORDS
recall

imperfect

overheat

unborn

relearn

indirect

subway

unchain

resell

incorrect

premix

unload

rewash

illegal

preplan

unlock

rewind

overact

supersize

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

unblock

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: authors purpose
Vocabulary: prexes and sufxes
Spelling/Phonics: prexes

A Perfect Start Ill make a list of the spelling words

leaving out the prex. Ill give you the list. You can add
the prex. Then well look over your list to see how
many words you spelled correctly.

Name
75

Leaders to Legends
Lets read all the facts and details for each person. Then,
toss a coin and see where it lands. We can write a brief letter
from that persons point of view to someone who wants to
know him or her.

Rachel Carson was a writer. In

1962 she published a book called
Silent Spring. The book pointed
out the damage pesticides caused
plants. The book made people
aware of the importance of
protecting the environment.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Deborah
Sampson was the only
woman to serve in the
army during the American
Revolution. She put on a
uniform to hide her identity
and took the name Robert
Shurtleff.

Alexander Graham Bell

was the inventor of the
telephone. In 1876 the rst
telephone line was opened
in Boston.

76

Bill Pickett was born in 1870. He was

the rst African American
cowboy voted into the Rodeo
Hall of Fame.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
ancestors

injustice

avoided

segregation

unfair

numerous

(fold here)

Las palabras en el mundo Vamos a usar las palabras

para formar oraciones que describan a alguien que haya
logrado hacer un buen cambio en nuestro mundo.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
recall

imperfect

overheat

unborn

relearn

indirect

subway

unchain

resell

incorrect

premix

unload

rewash

illegal

preplan

unlock

rewind

overact

supersize

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

unblock

Esta semana estamos leyendo My Brother Martin. Es

un relato sobre Martin Luther King, Jr., un hombre que
hizo una diferencia en nuestras vidas. Su hermana,
Christine King, escribe sobre su infancia. Nos cuenta
qu clase de nio era l. Va a ser interesante saber
cmo los diferentes eventos de su vida tuvieron
inuencia en la clase de hombre que fue. Creo que eso
es lo que su hermana quiere que sepamos.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: propsito del autor
Vocabulario: los prejos y sujos
Ortografa/Fontica: prejos

Un arranque perfecto Voy a hacer una lista de las

palabras de ortografa sin sus prejos. Te dar la lista y
tu puedes aadirles los prejos. Luego veremos tu lista
para ver cuntas palabras deletreaste correctamente.

Nombre
77

Cartas a famosos
Vamos a leer todos los datos y detalles sobre cada persona.
Luego, lanza una moneda y mira dnde cae. Despus
podemos escribir una breve carta desde el punto de vista de
esa persona a alguien que quiere conocerla.

Rachel Carson was a writer. In

1962 she published a book called
Silent Spring. The book pointed
out the damage pesticides caused
plants. The book made people
aware of the importance of
protecting the environment.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Deborah
Sampson was
the only woman to serve in
the army during the American
Revolution. She put on a
uniform to hide her identity
and took the name Robert
Shurtleff.

Alexander Graham Bell

was the inventor of the
telephone. In 1876 the rst
telephone line was opened
in Boston.

78

Bill Pickett was born in 1870. He was

the rst African American cowboy
voted into the Rodeo Hall of Fame.

Summarize

1ZcS

1ZcS

1ZcS

Why did the author write about

Coretta Scott King? List some
clues in an Authors Purpose

/cbV]`a>c`^]aS

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Map. Then tell the authors

purpose. Use the map to
summarize Coretta Scott Kings life.

Think and Compare

1. Look at Chapter 1. How do you think the writer
ideas? (Evaluate Authors Purpose)
2. Do you agree that nonviolent actions are the
best way to bring about change? Why or why
not? (Synthesize)
3. Big changes in history often come from one
person taking a stand. What might the history
books of the future say about Coretta Scott

Coretta Scott King

feels about segregation? What facts support your

Coretta
Scott
King
by Robert OBrien

King? (Analyze)

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 2 A Turning Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Chapter 3 Carrying On. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
20

Coretta Scott King never planned on being a

civil rights leader. She thought she would become
a teacher or a singer. Instead she became a leader
in the fight for equal rights.
Coretta Scott was born in 1927 in a small
town in Alabama. She walked three miles to get
to school each morning. And she walked three
miles back each afternoon. Every day she watched
school buses drive white children to their school.
In those days segregation was the law in the
South. African Americans could not go to certain
restaurants. They could not drink from certain
water fountains. They had to sit in the back of
public buses. Black children and white children
went to separate schools.
Corettas father Obadiah (oh-buh-DIGH-uh)
was the first African American in his county to
own his own truck. Some white truckers felt that
he was taking away their business. One day the
Scotts came home from church to find that
their home had burned down. Coretta never forgot
how hard her father worked to rebuild it.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Beginning

Glossary
apartheid (uh-PAHR-tighd) the government policy of racial
segregation at one time practiced in South Africa (page
16)

boycott (BOY-kot) to refuse to buy from or deal with a

person, nation, or business (page 8)
civil rights (SIV-uhl RIGHTS) the rights of every citizen of
a country, including the right to vote and the right to
equal protection under the law (page 2)
integrated (IN-ti-gray-tuhd) including people of all races
(page 4)

Coretta Scott King

Chapter 1

Jim Crow Laws (JIM KROH LAWZ) a set of rules practiced

in the United States before the Civil Rights Act of 1964
that allowed separate but equal facilities for African
Americans (page 3)
protest (PROH-test) an organized public demonstration of
disapproval or complaint (page 13)
segregation (seg-ri-GAY-shuhn) the practice of setting one
race, class, or ethnic group apart from another (page 2)

Index
bus boycott, 89, 16

NAACP, 5

Coretta Scott King Award, 17, 18

Parks, Rosa, 8

King, Jr., Martin Luther, 618

Southern Christian
Leadership Conference, 12

Mandela, Nelson, 17
Montgomery, Alabama, 6, 89, 16

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Coretta Scott King also worked to create a

national holiday in memory of her husband.
After many years of speeches and fundraising,
she succeeded. In 1986 Martin Luther King, Jr.s
birthday, January 15, became a national holiday.

Coretta Scott King died on January 31, 2006.

She was 78 years old. At her funeral she was
honored as a true hero.

As Coretta Scott King

(right) looks on, President
Ronald Reagan signs a
proclamation making the
celebration of Martin
Luther King, Jr.s birthday
a national holiday.

18

Coretta Scott King

Coretta Scott King believed that young

people must read and learn so they can better
themselves. The American Library Association
gives the Coretta Scott King Award in her honor.

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws kept black and white Americans
from taking part in many things alongside
each other. The laws were supposed to create
separate but equal schools, hospitals and parks.
This did not happen. Public buildings for African
Americans were usually in bad shape. African
Americans were unable to get the education or
jobs they deserved. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
made Jim Crow Laws illegal.

Signs like these were

a common sight when
Coretta Scott was
growing up.

Coretta Scott graduated from high school in

1945. Then she attended Antioch (AN-tee-ahk)
College; an integrated school in Ohio. None of her
ancestors had ever gone to college. Coretta studied
to become a teacher. She also studied music. She
had a good singing voice. And she played the
violin.
The time came for Coretta to do her practice
teaching. None of the schools in the area would
allow an African American student teacher to
practice in their schools. Coretta had to practice
teach at her college.

This photo of Coretta

was taken while she was
a student at Antioch. It
appeared alongside an
article she wrote, entitled
Why I Came to College.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Coretta Scott King

Obadiah Scott earned enough money to build a

sawmill. One morning the sawmill was burned to
the ground. Corettas father did not meet violence
with violence. He kept hauling lumber in his
truck. He didnt back down. But he didnt strike
back. This lesson stayed with his daughter.

Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela (seen here with Coretta Scott
King) fought injustice in South Africa using some
of the same methods as Martin Luther King, Jr.
Mandela spent 27 years in jail because his
countrys leaders feared his ideas. After he was
freed, Mandela became the first black president
of South Africa.

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17

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

After her husbands

death, Coretta Scott King
continued to fight for
justice.

In 1969 Coretta Scott King wrote a book

about her life with Martin Luther King, Jr. In the
book she wrote about their civil rights struggles
and their work together.

After many years of speeches, protests, and

boycotts of South African products, the laws were
changed. Freedom was spreading to other lands,
thanks in part to Coretta Scott King.

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16

The NAACP

Coretta Scott King

In 1982 Coretta Scott King joined a protest at

the South African Embassy. South Africas laws
were even harsher than the Jim Crow Laws in
the United States. South Africas segregation was
called apartheid.

NAACP staff at
work in their
headquarters in
the early 1930s.

The National Association for the Advancement

of Colored People (NAACP) was started in 1909
by a group of both white and black people.
They wanted to change the laws and make the
country equal for all races. In the 1950s and
1960s, the NAACP helped change many laws.

It was unfair. But instead of giving up,

Coretta got involved. She joined the college
chapter of the NAACP. She worked with other
groups to try to change what was happening.
Coretta realized she would have difficulty
getting a teaching job in Ohio or many other
places. She decided to work more on her singing
and violin playing. She was accepted at the
New England Conservatory of Music in Boston,
Massachusetts.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Coretta moved to Boston in 1951. She had

never lived in a big city before. There were
numerous colleges there, as well as students of
different races.

At first Coretta was not all that impressed

by Martin. She was not sure that she wanted
to become a ministers wife. But Martin was
smart and he was eager to work hard for social
equality. That appealed to her very much.
Coretta grew to love Martin. In June 1953 she
married him. Coretta and Martin moved south to
Montgomery, Alabama, where Martin began his
work as a minister. The unsuspecting couple had
no idea what their new life together had in store
for them.

Coretta Scott King

Coretta met other students. One of them took

a special liking to her. He was a young minister
studying at Boston University. His name was
Martin Luther King, Jr. He was training to take
over his fathers church in Montgomery, Alabama.

Martin Luther King, Jr.s,

casket was drawn by
two mules through the
streets of his hometown,
Atlanta, Georgia.

15

Leaders from all over the world came to

mourn the loss of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Many people were angry that Martin
had been killed. Riots broke out in many
cities. Coretta remained strong. She spoke
out against the riots. She asked people to
remember Martins actions, which were always
nonviolent. She asked them to honor her
husband by working peacefully. Her words
calmed people.
Coretta Scott King had shared her
husbands struggles. She knew that she had
to use her voice to lead others. She had to
continue the work Martin had begun. In the
years following her husbands death, that is
what she did.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Carrying On

Coretta Scott King

Chapter 3

All eyes were on Coretta Scott King

as she attended her husbands funeral.
This is how Boston, Massachusetts,
looked in 1951 when Coretta moved there.
14

One evening in 1955, an African American

woman in Montgomery, Alabama, was on her way
home from work. Her name was Rosa Parks. She
sat in the first bus seat she could find. Soon the
bus became crowded and some white passengers
came on board. The bus driver told Rosa to move
to the back of the bus. Rosa refused. The bus
driver had her arrested.
African American leaders wanted to protest the
unfair actions of the bus company. They knew that
the bus companies would lose money if African
Americans stopped riding the buses. They decided
to boycott the bus system.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Turning Point

The struggle for civil rights went on. Martin

started to work on other issues, like jobs for
people of all races. Other leaders wanted to use
more violent forms of protest. Martin was against
this. He believed that nonviolent action was the
best way to bring about change.
Coretta Scott Kings life was shattered on
April 4, 1968. Martin Luther King, Jr., was
assassinated. Coretta was now a widow with four
young children to care for.

Coretta Scott King

Chapter 2

The violent death of Martin Luther King, Jr., made

news all over the world.

Rosa Parks at her

arrest for refusing to
give up her seat on
the bus.

Low-Res FPO

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

By 1964 Martin and Coretta had four children.

For many years, Coretta had stayed at home to
care for the children. But soon she felt she had
to take a more active role in the fight against
injustice again.
Coretta joined the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference (SCLC). The SCLC was
a group committed to making sure that church
people of all skin colors understood why civil
rights for all Americans was so important.

Coretta Scott King

Coretta Scott King

and her husband
on a march in
Montgomery,
Alabama, in 1965.

For 381 days African Americans avoided

riding the bus. They were determined to continue
the boycott until the segregation laws were
changed. Martin Luther King, Jr., became their
leader. His church became a meeting place. Soon
Coretta was caught up in the movement as well.
Meetings were held in their home. The boycott
ended peacefully when the courts ruled that bus
segregation was against the law.

African Americans in Montgomery showed that

actions speak louder than words during the 1955
bus boycott.

Though she was usually seen at her husbands

side, Coretta often spoke on her own about their
work. Sometimes she would speak when her
husband couldnt attend an important meeting.

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Coretta and Martin were both eager to end

injustice for African Americans. They knew there
would be a long, hard struggle ahead of them.
They didnt know how hard it would be. But
they soon found out.

Martin and Coretta

managed to raise a
family while fighting
for civil rights.

Coretta Scott King

One morning, while Coretta was caring for

their newborn baby, the house was attacked. She
and the baby got out safely. She was scared for
her baby, for her husband, and for herself. But
she did not let fear drive her away. The house
was repaired and the family stayed.
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Coretta Scott King
outside a court in Montgomery, Alabama.

Coretta and Martin went through many

difficult times together. There was always the
possibility of violence against Corettas loved ones.
People phoned in threats. Martin was arrested on
a false charge and sent to jail. He was released
after a few days.
Martin spoke in cities all over the country. He
often was away from his family for long periods
of time. Coretta worked hard to keep the family
together. She made sure that they ate dinner
together even if her husband couldnt be there.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
inched

gaped

insult

legendary

muttered

snickering

The Old Ball Game Tell me what each word means.

Then we can make up a sentence about a baseball
game, using the words.

SPELLING WORDS
kitchen

rush

thirty

touch

sketched

northern

graph

fth

ketchup

photo

whole

headphone chef

whirl

width

snatch

chance

pitcher

stretching

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

choose

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

About 75 years ago, Jackie Mitchell, a pitcher for

the Chattanooga Lookouts, pitched against the world
famous New York Yankees. The amazing thing is that
Jackie was a 17 year-old girl. Thats the story were
reading about this week, Mighty Jackie. The author
tells about Jackies life growing up and how determined
she was to be a pitcher. I think the author also wanted
to tell readers about a special girl, and that if you work
toward a dream, you can make it come true.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: authors purpose
Vocabulary: context cluesdescription
Spelling/Phonics: words with ch, tch, th,
sh, ph, or wh.

Is it This or Is it That? Ill say each word above,

leaving out ch, tch, th, sh, ph, or wh. Tell me the missing
letters and then spell the word. We can work together
on any that you have trouble with.

Name
89

Wonderful Writer,
Thats You!

What do you want readers to know about

your character?

Were going to make up a story about yourself, someone

you know, or someone you just imagine. We could make
up a story or an article, write a letter, or a movie script,
or a comic book. Lets talk about what you want your
readers to know.

Who is your character?

What events do you want readers to know
about?

What is your purpose for writing?

90

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

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Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
inched

gaped

insult

legendary

muttered

snickering
(fold here)

Un partido de bisbol Dime lo que signica cada

palabra de la lista. Luego podemos formar una oracin
sobre un partido de bisbol con las palabras.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
kitchen

rush

thirty

touch

sketched

northern

graph

fth

ketchup

photo

whole

headphone

chef

whirl

width

snatch

stretching

chance

pitcher

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

choose

Hace unos 75 aos, Jackie Mitchell, un jugador

de los Lookouts de Chattanooga, jug contra los
mundialmente famosos Yankees de Nueva York. Lo
sorprendente es que Jackie era una joven de diecisiete
aos. se es el cuento que estamos leyendo esta
semana, Mighty Jackie. La autora nos cuenta la infancia
de Jackie y lo determinada que estaba a ser lanzadora.
Pienso que la autora quiere que los lectores aprendan
sobre esa joven tan especial, y que si uno se esfuerza
por lograr un sueo, puede convertirlo en realidad.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: propsito del autor
Vocabulario: claves de contextodescripcin
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con
ch, tch, th, sh, ph y wh.

Qu falta aqu? Voy a decir cada una de las palabras

de arriba, sin pronunciar los sonidos ch, tch, th, sh, ph
o wh. Dime las letras que faltan y deletrea la palabra.
Podemos trabajar juntos con las palabras en las que
tengas algn problema.

Nombre
91

Un escritor de primera
categora!

What do you want readers to know about

your character?

Vamos a crear un cuento sobre ti, alguien que t conoces

o alguien que te imaginas. Podemos inventar un cuento
o un artculo, escribir una carta, un guin de cine o una
historieta. Vamos a hablar de lo que quieres comunicar a
tus lectores.

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about?

What is your purpose for writing?

92

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

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Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
similar

challenges

achieved

varied

designed

(fold here)

Try, Try Again Tell me what each word means.

Then well make up a sentence about an athlete
using the words.

SPELLING WORDS
split

splashing

throne

straps

shrink

screw

shred

sprout

throb

sprang

sprawl

script

through

shriek

straighten

thrill

throat

shrimp

screech

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

strand

In class, were reading the nonction article Making

a Splash about Rudy Garcia-Tolson. The main idea for
this nonction article is that Rudy is an amazing athlete
who never let physical challenges get in the way of
his dreams. As I read, I learn details that support the
main idea. Rudy has no legs but learned to walk, swim,
and run. He has broken world records for swimming,
running, and biking. As I keep reading, I will learn more
details about Rudy that help support the main idea.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: main idea and details
Vocabulary: idioms
Spelling/Phonics: words
with the letters shr,
thr, spr, scr, str, and spl

Word Change Ill give you a word that is missing a

letter or two. See if you can change my word into a
spelling word.

though

raps

slashing

rang

stand

rill

crew

spit

rob

stain

Name

103

Slithery Snakes

2
3

Lets read about snakes. Then we can complete each

sentence to solve the puzzle.

Snakes are reptiles. They have long bodies and no legs.

On land they move by sliding along on their bellies. Some
snakes kill their prey with poison. Constrictors squeeze
their prey to death. Snakes cant chew their prey.

Biggest, longest, and strongest are words used to describe

pythons. This snake can swallow a small deer or goat. The
longest python found was 33 feet long. It was discovered
in a jungle in Thailand.

Across
1. Snakes do not have _____.
6. Biggest is a word that describes a _____.
9. Constrictors _______ their prey to death.
Down
2. A python can swallow a whole ____.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

4. Snakes are called __________.

3. Snakes cannot _____.

5. Snakes must swallow their ____.
6. Some snakes kill their prey with ____.
7. The longest snake was found in a _____.
104

8. A snake moves along on its _____.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
similar

challenges

achieved

varied

designed

(fold here)

Intntalo de nuevo Dime qu significa cada palabra.

Luego haremos una oracin con estas plabras acerca de
un atleta.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
split

splashing

throne

straps

shrink

screw

shred

sprout

throb

sprang

sprawl

script

through

shriek

straighten

thrill

throat

shrimp

screech

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

strand

En clase estamos leyendo un artculo do noficcin titulado Making a Splash, acerca de Rudy
Garcia-Tolson. La idea principal de este artculo de
no-ficcin es que Rudy es un gran atleta que nunca
dej que sus limitaciones fsicas se interpusieran en sus
sueos. Mientras leo, conozco detalles que apoyan la
idea principal. Rudy no tiene piernas, pero aprendi
a caminar, a nadar y a correr. l ha roto rcords
mundiales nadando, corriendo y en bicicleta. Conforme
siga leyendo, aprender ms detalles sobre Rudy que
apoyen la idea principal.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: idea principal y detalles
Vocabulario: expresiones idiomticas
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con las letras shr, thr, spr,
scr, str y spl

Cambio de palabra Te voy a decir una palabra a la que

le falta una letra o dos. Veamos si puedes cambiar esa
palabra para que sea una de las palabras de ortografa.

though

raps

slashing

rang

stand

rill

crew

spit

rob

stain

Nombre

105

Serpientes resbaladizas

2
3

Vamos a leer acerca de las serpientes. Luego, vamos a

completar cada oracin para resolver el crucigrama.

Snakes are reptiles. They have long bodies and no legs.

On land they move by sliding along on their bellies. Some
snakes kill their prey with poison. Constrictors squeeze
their prey to death. Snakes cant chew their prey.

Biggest, longest, and strongest are words used to describe

pythons. This snake can swallow a small deer or goat. The
longest python found was 33 feet long. It was discovered
in a jungle in Thailand.

Across

1. Snakes do not have _____.

6. Biggest is a word that describes a _____.
9. Constrictors _______ their prey to death.
Down
2. A python can swallow a whole ____.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

4. Snakes are called __________.

3. Snakes cannot _____.

5. Snakes must swallow their ____.
6. Some snakes kill their prey with ____.
7. The longest snake was found in a _____.
106

8. A snake moves along on its _____.

Summarize
Use the chart to list main

Detail
Detail

ideas and details about one of

the people in the book. Then
summarize the information.

Detail

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

by Lois Grippo

Main Idea

Think and Compare

1. Reread page 9. What sentence tells the main
idea? Give two details from the text that

2. Which person you read about in this book

do you admire the most? Tell why. (Apply)
3. Leaders such as Al Gore make a difference by
speaking out. Why is speaking out a good way
to bring about change? Explain. (Evaluate)

Citizens at Work

support the main idea. (Main Idea and Details)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Working in Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Working in the Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

A community is a group of people living together

in the same place and sharing the same government.
A community can be a neighborhood, a state, or a
country. Governments job is to keep communities

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

running smoothly and safely. The job of all citizens,

Glossary
citizens (CIT uh zuhns) people who live in a city,
state, or nation (page 2)
democracy (di MOK ruh see) a government that is
run by the people (page 4)
environment (en VIE ruhn muhnt) the things that
make up an area, such as land, water, and air.

public and private, is to contribute to the good of

the community.

(page 16)

How do public citizens do this? They are active

nation (NAY shuhn)) a country or community of

people who live in a certain place (page 4)

participants in the government. They work to improve

the community. They make hard decisions. When
they face challenges they do the right thing.

Citizens at Work

Lines of people form as voters turn out for election day.

Index
environment, 1617

Johnson, Lyndon, 711

Gore, Albert (Al), 1617

Jordan, Barbara 1213

Government leaders, 4,
513, 16

Locke, Bianca, 17

Great Society, 9

Navajo, 1415

Health Care, 1415

Houston, Sam 56

Wauneka, Annie Dodge,

1415

Johnson, Lady Bird, 9

Woodruff, Judy, 13

Marshall, Thurgood, 11

19

The people you have met in this book are public

figures. They are well-known. But every citizen can
participate. You are one of them.
There are many ways you can participate. Here

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

are some ideas. Remember to check with an adult

before you take any action.
Help keep your community clean. Make sure you
and your family recycle paper and bottles.
Write a letter in your school newspaper or to
important issue.
Start penny drives to raise money
for good causes.
If you have very long
hair, cut it. Donate it to
organizations that

Citizens at Work

a community paper. Share your ideas about an

These people are showing support for their government.

You might not think that you do these

things too, but you do. You participate in
civic affairs. You volunteer to help others.
You pay attention to the news to know

make wigs for

whats happening around you. You keep

people with cancer

your community clean by recycling.

or other diseases.
In this book, you will read about some
outstanding citizens. They are public figures.
Their sense of responsibility inspired them
to work for the benefit of all.

18

Working in Government
Our government leaders dont always have
similar views. They often have different, or varied,

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

CHAPTER 1

ideas. But they do agree on one very important

thing. They believe in our nation and our form of
government called democracy.

Bianca Locke
Bianca Locke is a young adult who lives in
Pasadena, Texas. She has volunteered her
time toward protecting the environment.
Bianca has written two books one about
storm water and one about recycling. In
2007, she won the Presidents Environmental
Youth Award.

Countries need intelligent and caring leaders.

Leaders help to protect a nation so that it can
succeed and grow. Think of some great leaders
Abraham Lincoln come to mind? Both worked for
the good of the country. Both made sacrifices to
keep their fellow citizens safe.

Citizens at Work

of our countrys past. Do George Washington and

Many people believe

that the planet
Earth needs to be
protected.

Gore wrote a book called Earth in the Balance.

President Abraham
Lincoln led the country
through a critical time
in history.

People started to pay attention to what Gore

was saying and writing. His film, An Inconvenient
Truth, helped alert even more people to his
concerns. The film showed environmental dangers.
It showed how people could work together to
save Earth.

17

Al Gore is another American who cares

deeply about the health of the community.
He wants to keep the planet Earth healthy.
Al Gore studied government in college.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Al Gore

He has participated in government for many

years. He worked in Congress and was vice
president. Today, Al Gores main interest is
protecting the environment.
Al Gore began talking about
environmental issues in 1980. As vice
president he helped to create important

Al Gore was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

for his work on the environment .

Citizens at Work

programs to protect the planet.

Remember the Alamo became the battle cry of Texans
fighting for freedom.

Sam Houston
History has given America many hardworking
public leaders. One was Sam Houston. When Texas
was part of Mexico, Houston spoke out for its
independence. After a great loss at the Battle of
the Alamo, Houston led the Texas army to defeat
Mexican forces at San Jacinto. This defeat helped
Texas become independent. Sam Houston was
elected the first president of the Republic of Texas.
Later, when Texans agreed to become part of the
United States, Houston was both a senator and the
governor of Texas.

16

challenge as governor.
At the time of the Civil War, many Texans wanted
Texas to join with the Southern states to form the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Leaders face challenges. These tests show how

strong leaders are. Sam Houston faced one such

As a young child, Annie

Wauneka had seen firsthand
how disease affected her
community. When she

Confederacy. Sam Houston disagreed. But, Texas did

was only eight, the flu

join the other Southern states.

killed thousands of Navajo.

Many of her school friends

Houston refused to pledge loyalty to the

became ill. A year later, a

Confederate States. He knew this

terrible eye infection spread

move would not be popular,

among the Navajo.

but he also knew that it

Tuberculosis was another

was the right decision

disease that killed many

He was voted

Navajo. Tuberculosis is a

out of office.

The city of Houston,

Texas is named in honor
of the famous General
and statesman, Sam
Houston.

Citizens at Work

for him to make.

lung disease. It spreads

In 1984, Annie Dodge

Wauneka was honored by
the Navajo Council.

quickly.
For years, members of the Navajo community
had used tribal medicines to treat tuberculosis.
Wauneka convinced them to use modern health
methods. Through her work, tuberculosis was
defeated among the Navajo.
Wauneka earned a college degree in public
health. She served in government agencies
concerned with public health issues. In 1963,
Wauneka was the first Native American to be
awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

15

Working in the Community

Many Americans serve as caregivers. They work
in hospitals as doctors and nurses. They work in

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

CHAPTER 2

schools as teachers and aides. They care for our

parks. Like our government leaders, these citizens are
involved in civic affairs.

Annie Dodge Wauneka

Annie Dodge Wauneka was one such American.
This photo shows Lyndon Johnson working on the
jobs-for-youth project in Texas.

She was born in Arizona in 1910. Her father was a

the importance of working for her community. She
won a place for herself in the Navajo tribal council.
She was the first woman ever elected to this
position. As a member of the council, she worked
to help improve medical care in the Navajo nation.

Citizens at Work

leader of the Navajo people. From him, Annie learned

Lyndon B. Johnson
President Lyndon B. Johnson was born in Texas in
1908. Even before he became president, Johnson was
an active participant in civic affairs.
After college, Johnson worked as a high school
teacher. He later worked as an assistant in a
government office. But in 1935, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt offered Johnson a new and important job.

A doctor checks
up on a baby in a
Navajo Reservation
in Arizona.

Life was tough in the 1930s. Business was bad.

Millions of Americans were out of work. Young
people faced an uncertain future.

Roosevelt asked

Johnson to head a jobs-for-youth program in Texas.

This program helped young Texans find jobs in their
communities. It gave others a chance to finish high
school and go to college.
14

under John F. Kennedy.

On November 22, 1963, Johnson faced
the biggest challenge of his life. President

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

After serving as a U.S. congressman and

later a senator, Johnson became vice president

Kennedy was killed. It was a terrible day

In Congress, Barbara Jordan worked to

extend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to
apply to more people. That made it easier
for citizens whose first language was not
English to vote. Jordans service earned her
great respect. In 1994, she was awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom. This medal is

for Johnson and for the entire country. As

one of the nations highest honors.

president, Johnson knew he would face difficult

challenges. He got right to work.

Jordan spent many years in government.

President Jimmy Carter offered her the job of
Attorney General and U.N. Ambassador. She

Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President on

Air Force One.

refused in order to stay in the Congress. In

Citizens at Work

1979, she left Congress to return to her Texas

community. She taught at the University of

Texas for 17 years.

Meet TV journalist Judy Woodruff. Her

job is to tell viewers what is going on
in our country and the world. For over
thirty years she has served the public
by keeping us informed. Judy Woodruff
is from Oklahoma.

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Great
Society program
helped educate
all children.

He promised to improve the lives of all

Americans, especially those left behind in a
land of plenty. He proposed a program to fight

Barbara Jordan
Barbara Jordan was born in Houston, Texas.
She began her career as a lawyer, but she soon
became an active participant in government. She
was a volunteer who worked to help elect the
team of Kennedy and Johnson. In 1966, Jordan
was the elected to the Texas Senate.
In 1972, Jordan became the first AfricanAmerican woman from the South to be elected
to the U.S. Congress.

12

Citizens at Work

poverty, rebuild cities, and end racial injustice.

Barbara Jordan spoke at the Democratic National Convention
in 1976.

He called this program The Great Society. The

program was designed to help make American
society as great as its citizens.

In her role as First Lady and later in her life,

Lady Bird Johnson devoted her energies to
making our land beautiful.
She achieved her goal.
In 1965, lawmakers
passed the Highway
Beautification Act. Thanks
to Lady Bird Johnson,
many of our roadsides
are planted with colorful
wildflowers.

Operation Head Start which provided education

for very young children. This program gave
teachers and others in the community the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Johnson created programs to help needy

families pay for medical care. And he created

President Johnson also

urged Congress to pass
the Civil Rights Act. He
hammered home the
purpose of the Act. It

opportunity to participate in the task of

was to make sure that

preparing children for school.

Americans of every race,

religion, color, or national
origin got fair and equal
treatment. Congress passed
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

This five-year old Head Start student is excited about

his lesson.

A few hours later, President

Citizens at Work

Johnson signed it into law.

Johnson practiced what
he preached. He gave

Supreme Court Justice

Thurgood Marshall

important jobs to African

Americans. In 1967, he appointed the first
African American to the Supreme Court. That
mans name was Thurgood Marshall. Marshall
was a civil rights lawyer who had helped win
the fight for racial equality in Americas schools.
President Lyndon Johnson had all the
qualities of a government leader and of a
responsible citizen.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
emerge

descendants

fragile

habitat

sanctuary

threatened
(fold here)

An Odd Group of Words Lets look at the words and

think of a topic in which we can use all of them. Then
we can talk about the topic, using the words.

SPELLING WORDS
morning

carpet

ford

award

core

cord

smart

stormy

guard

bore

ward

warp

backyard

dart

fort

spark

charge

worn

argue

R Makes the Difference Pronounce each spelling

word. Then pronounce the sound the vowel plus the r
makes. Tell me how the r makes a difference in the way
a vowel is usually pronounced.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

door

This week were reading Wild Horses. Its a

nonction piece about mustang horses in the western
part of the United States. Once they roamed free, but
as people began to fence in areas for ranching and
farming, the horses had fewer
places to feed. They came
closer to peoples property,
and soon many of them
were killed by bullets. I
see a chain of events here,
how one thing leads to
another. Im hoping the
man in the article will nd a
way to save these horses. Im
sure one thing will lead to another
until I reach the end.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: cause and effect
Vocabulary: context cluesparagraph clues
Spelling/Phonics: words with ar and or

Name
117

First I Was This and

Now Im That

Cause:
Effect:

A cause has an effect, but that effect becomes the cause of

something else. Lets write a cause. Then well decide what
effect it has. Well keep going from there. We can play once
here and once again on the next page.

Cause:

Cause:

Effect:

Effect:

Cause:

Cause:

Effect:

Cause:

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Effect:

118

Effect:

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
emerge

descendants

fragile

habitat

sanctuary

threatened

door

morning

carpet

ford

award

core

cord

smart

stormy

guard

bore

ward

warp

backyard

dart

fort

spark

charge

worn

argue

La diferencia que hace la r Pronuncia cada una de

las palabras de arriba. Luego pronuncia el sonido que
forman la vocal y la r. Dime qu diferencia hace la r en la
forma en que se suele pronunciar la vocal.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Un tema en comn Vamos a mirar las palabras y

pensar en un tema en que las podamos usar todas.
Luego podemos platicar sobre el tema usando todas
las palabras.

Esta semana estamos leyendo Wild Horses. Es un texto

de no ccin sobre potros salvajes en la zona oeste de
Estados Unidos. En un tiempo esos animales correteaban
libres, pero cuando comenzaron a cercar propiedades
para criar ganado y cultivar tierra,
los caballos tuvieron cada
vez menos lugares donde
alimentarse. Fueron
acercndose ms y ms a
las propiedades privadas, y
a muchos los mataron con
ries. Puedo ver una cadena
de sucesos aqu, cmo una
cosa lleva a la otra. Espero que
el hombre del artculo encuentre una
forma de salvar a estos caballos. Estoy seguro de que una
cosa llevar a la otra hasta que llegue al nal.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: causa y efecto
Vocabulario: claves de contextoclaves del prrafo
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con ar y or

Nombre
119

Primero una cosa y

despus la otra

Cause:
Effect:

Una causa tiene un efecto. Pero, sabas que ese efecto

pasa a ser la causa de otra cosa ms? Escribamos una causa.
Luego decidiremos qu efecto tiene, y continuaremos desde
ese punto. Podemos jugar una vez en esta pgina y otra en
la siguiente.

Cause:
Effect:

Cause:

Cause:

Effect:

Effect:
Cause:

Effect:
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Cause:

120

Effect:

Summarize

1OcaS 3TTSQb

Use a Cause and Effect Diagram to

show what happened when Spanish
explorers brought horses to North

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

America. Use the information in the

Cattle-Driving
Horses of the
Old West

diagram to summarize the book.

Think and Compare

1. Reread the Conclusion on pages 1618. Tell what
happened when the mustangs future became
threatened. (Identify Cause and Effect)
2. What do you think would be the most difficult
thing about being a cowboy? Why? (Analyze)
3. What is the best way for people to treat horses?
For example, should all horses be free and wild?
Or should some horses do work for people?
(Evaluate)

20

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

by Ann Gadzikowski

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 1
Taming and Training Wild Horses. . . . . . . . . . .4
Chapter 2
Hard Work on the Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chapter 3
Descendants of the Wild Mustangs . . . . . . . . .14
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

In the years between 1800 and 1850, pioneers

were crossing the Mississippi River in great
numbers. They moved west because they wanted
land of their own or were looking to get rich or
were just looking for a new start.
The West was suited for cattle. Cities across
the country wanted the beef that the cattle
supplied. The cattle had to get to these cities by
train. So workers were needed to drive the cattle
from the ranches to the railroads. Those workers
were known as cowboys.
Cowboys needed horses to do their work.
Luckily, wild mustangs roamed the plains.
Cowboys often rode those mustangs.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

There was a time in the history of the United

States when cowboys drove cattle across rugged,
open land. It was a time when a cowboys only
shelter was the wide brim of his hat. That time
was called the Old West.

Glossary
breed (BREED) a group of animals with similar
features. The mustang is a breed of horse.
(page 14)

bronc (BRAHNK) or bronco (BRAHN-koh) a wild or

half-tamed horse (page 6)

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Introduction

corral (kuh-RAL) an area with a fence around it. A

corral is used to keep cattle, horses, and other
animals from straying. (page 5)
foal (FOHL) a baby horse (page 14)
gait (GAYT) a way of walking or running (page 7)
lariat (LAR-ee-uht) or lasso (LA-soh) a long rope
with a loop at one end, used to catch animals,
especially cattle (page 9)
stampede (stam-PEED) a sudden, wild running of a
frightened herd of animals (page 13)

Index
bronc busters, 6

mustangs, 25, 1418

cattle drives, 1013

quarter horses, 15

equipment, 89

sanctuaries, 18

gaits, 7

Texas, 2, 7, 11, 16, 18

19

Time Line of
Cowboy History

18

1800

Wild mustangs roam free

across North America.

1836

Texas wins independence in

the Mexican-American War,
creating new opportunities
for cattle ranching.

1848

Gold is discovered in
California.

1870s

The railroad comes to Texas.

1882

Refrigerated train cars eliminate

the need for cattle drives.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Today wild mustangs can be found in wild

horse sanctuaries. These sanctuaries are located
in South Dakota, Montana, and Colorado, among
other states. The United States government has
a program called Adopt a Wild Horse. It takes
about a year to complete an adoption. If you can
show that you will give your horse everything it
needs, the mustang is yours.

Cowboys were an important part of the cattle

industry for about 100 years, from the early 1800s
to the early 1900s.

The mustangs were descendants of tamed

Spanish horses. Spanish explorers brought their
horses to North America in the 1500s. When the
Spanish retreated, they left their horses behind.
These horses lived in the wild.
North America provided a good habitat for
the horses. Over time, the number of horses grew
greatly. By the 1800s, huge herds of wild horses
were roaming the open range.

Picture this: You must catch a wild animal

that can run as fast as a train. You must tame
that wild animal by riding on its back. You must
teach that animal to follow your every command.
And you must trust that animal with your life.
That is exactly what cowboys did when they
caught, tamed, and rode wild mustangs.

Mustangs can run as fast as 40 miles per hour

(64 km/h).

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Taming and Training

Wild Horses

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Chapter 1

U.S. Mustang Population

The number of
mustangs in the
United States has
changed dramatically
since 1900.

1900

2 million

1925

1 million

1971

17,000

2000

40,000

In fact mustangs almost became extinct. The

land that was once their natural habitat became
covered with fences and roads. Many mustangs
were captured or killed.
Then, in 1971, a federal law was passed to
protect wild mustangs. It is now against the law
to capture or kill a wild mustang. Since the law
was passed, the number of wild mustangs in the
United States has increased.

17

Today most ranchers do not depend on horses

to herd cattle. Ranch hands on motorcycles are
used to round up cows. Trucks are used to bring
beef to market.

The coming
of the railroad
brought
changes to
Texas.

Cattle Drives
In 1871, more than 700,000 cattle were driven
across Texas. This was the last great year of
cattle drives. When railroads came to Texas,
cattle trails became useless.

16

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Horses were an important part of life in

the Old West. The beef industry depended on
ranchers to raise cattle. Ranchers needed cowboys
to herd cattle to market. Cowboys could not herd
cattle without the help of horses.

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Conclusion

Cowboys hid their corrals in narrow canyons or

among trees.

Capturing a wild mustang was a team effort.

One cowboy could not do it alone. Cowboys rode
together on tamed horses in order to catch the
wild mustangs. The cowboys used their fastest
and strongest horses to chase the wild mustangs.
When the wild mustangs were exhausted, the
cowboys drove them into a fenced corral. The
mustangs couldnt see the fence until it was too
late. Tired and thirsty from the long chase
and glistening with sweat, the mustangs could
run no more.

The cowboys of the Old West did not know

this. Instead, their job was to break, or tame,
wild horses. First, a bronc or bronco was tied
up in the corral. Then a cowboy put a saddle on
the horses back and mounted it. When the ropes
were removed, the wild horse bucked and kicked.
The bronc buster tried to stay in the saddle until
the horse gave up.

Staying in the saddle required more than

just strength. A bronc buster had to learn
to follow the rhythm of the horse.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

A wild animal doesnt give up its freedom

easily. Today, experts believe that the use of
rough treatment is not a good way to train an
animal. The spirit of a horse can be a fragile
thing. With time and gentle coaxing, most horses
become comfortable around people.

These quarter horses are descendants of the

wild mustangs that used to roam the plains of
the Old West.

Some North American breeds are descendants

of mustangs. The quarter horse is a mix of the
mustang and horses from England. The quarter
horse has the speed of a mustang and the
strength of an English workhorse.
Today, race horses emerge from the starting
gate at racetracks. In the early days of horse
racing, there were no racetracks. Races were run
on the main street of the town. The path from
one end to the other was usually about a quarter
of a mile.

15

Horse breeders create new breeds by

combining existing breeds. Horses can be bred
for special uses. The foal of two fast horses
might be good for racing. A foal of strong horses
might be good for farming.
In the 1500s the mustang was the only horse
breed in North America. Today there are more
than 20 breeds of North American horses.

Native Americans
were expert horse
breeders. The Nez
Perce created
the breed called
the Appaloosa.
Appaloosas were
good for buffalo
hunting.

14

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Descendants of the
Wild Mustangs

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Chapter 3

The GoodnightLoving Trail

The Goodnight-Loving
Trail was an early trail
across West Texas.
Charles Goodnight and
Oliver Loving joined
together and, with
more than 2,000 cattle,
blazed a trail to Denver.
It was called the
Goodnight-Loving Trail.
This is a portrait of Charles Goodnight.

Once the horse was tame, the cowboy taught

it different ways to move. Each way is called a
gait. A trot is a slow gait. A lope is a moderate
gait. And a gallop is a fast gait. Horses are
very sensitive to touch and sound. A cowboy in
the saddle showed his horse what to do just by
moving his knees or feet.
A cowboy trusted his horse with his life.
Cowboys often had to escape quickly when
danger threatened. Out on the trail, the safest
place for a cowboy was in the saddle of a
familiar horse.

A horse in the Old West was outfitted with

a saddle, stirrups, and a bridle. A cowboy
wore boots, chaps, and a hat. Each piece of
equipment and clothing had a purpose.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Cowboy and His

Equipment

Stirrup
Stirrups are leather or metal
loops attached to the sides of
the saddle for the riders feet.

Bridle
A bridle is the headgear
worn by the horse. It
helps the rider control
the horse. The piece
that fits inside the
horses mouth is called
the bit.

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Saddle
A saddle is a seat
usually made of leather.
It makes riding more
comfortable for both
the horse and the
cowboy.

Most cattle drives followed a specific trail, such as

the Chisholm Trail.

A roping horse was used when the cowboy

had to rope a steer or calf. The horse had to
move the rider into just the right position. Once
the animal was roped, the horse had to stand its
ground.
A night horse was an especially steady horse,
always ready in case of a stampede in the dark.
If one cow began to run, the others usually
followed. If there was a stampede, the cowboys
chased the cattle. Sometimes it took hours to
turn the herd around.

13

The dustiest and smelliest job was riding

drag. Cowboys who were riding drag had to stay
in the back and keep cattle from falling behind.
Horses were trained to perform specific jobs as
well. A cutting horse helped the cowboy separate
a calf from the herd in order to keep it safe. A
cutting horse was brave, strong, and smart.

A good cutting horse was said to have

cow sense.

12

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Hat
Cowboy hats have wide
brims that shield cowboys
from sunlight and rain.

Rope

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

A day on a cattle drive started at sunrise. To

keep the cattle moving, cowboys on horseback
circled the herd. This was called riding swing.
There was always a cowboy in front riding
point. This leader guided the cattle.

Cowboys use
ropes for many
different tasks.
The braided
rawhide rope
is also called a
lariat or lasso.

Chaps
Riders wear leather
trouser covers to protect
their legs from cow horns
and rope burns.
Boots
Riders wear boots with
pointed toes to make
getting in and out of the
stirrups quick and easy.
These boots are usually
made of leather.

A cowboys job was to get cattle to market.

Cattle are large and heavy. The only way to get
them to the market was to walk them there.
This parade of cows and steers was called
a cattle drive. Driving the cattle meant that
cowboys on horseback had to direct how the
cattle moved. A cattle drive might cover hundreds
of miles and take as long as six months. Cattle
drives began in the spring, when there was plenty
of grass for the cattle and the horses to eat.

Cattle drives were dangerous and dusty work for

both horses and cowboys.

10

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Hard Work on the Trail

Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

Chapter 2

The horses were better suited for the harsh

conditions of the cattle drive than the cowboys
were. Horses have strong builds and powerful
muscles. Their nimble legs are perfect for the
rugged trail. Horses eat grass and roots. Unlike
cowboys, horses could find food on the way.
A good cow horse was smart and tough.
Cowboys could not get their job done without
the help of their horses.

Texas Longhorns
The Spanish brought the first longhorn cattle to
America in 1493. In Texas, these cattle mixed with the
cows settlers had brought and soon large herds grew.
The climate and range conditions in Texas were ideal
for raising longhorn cattle.
Texas longhorns had long legs and feet. It took a
good horse with a good rider
to outrun a Texas longhorn.
They were tough, too. They
could survive blizzards,
droughts, dust storms, and
attacks by other animals.
Texas was a good place to
raise longhorn cattle.

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
amazement

loosened

midst

mysterious

responsibility

sores

I Did Give me a sentence for each word, telling me

something you do or have done.

SPELLING WORDS
wonderful shapeless

painless

hardly

beautiful

ageless

weakness

quickly

graceful

illness

darkest

slowly

spoonful

goodness

clearest

carefully

darkness

spotless

thoughtful

Happy Endings Ill make a list of the spelling words

leaving out the sufx. Ill give you the list. You can add
the sufx. Then well look over your list to see how
many words you spelled correctly.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

sickly

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This week we are reading a Native American

legend called Mystic Horse. It tells about a boy and
his grandmother who live in a Pawnee community.
The grandmother and boy are poor and have to walk
whenever the Pawnee move. First, the boy nds a
sickly horse. Then he decides to take care of it. If I pay
attention to the order in which things happen next, Ill
understand the story better.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: sequence
Vocabulary: homophones
Spelling/Phonics: sufxes

Name
131

From Here to There

Each of the situations below has a beginning and an end.
Lets make up a middle and tell each story in sequence to get
from the beginning to the end of each situation.

Linda is making a cake. She ended up with a

20 layer cake.
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Googleen is a walking computer who is friends with

Onlina, another walking computer. Googleen leaves
his console and ends up quite far away at the site of
Onlinas home site. How did he get there?

132

A skateboard with wings travels many miles to the

ocean where he meets his friend the surfboard.
How did he get there?

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
amazement

loosened

midst

mysterious

responsibility

sores

(fold here)

Lo hice Forma una oracin con cada palabra para

decirme algo que haces o que has hecho.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
wonderful shapeless

painless

hardly

beautiful

ageless

weakness

quickly

graceful

illness

darkest

slowly

spoonful

goodness

clearest

carefully

darkness

spotless

thoughtful

Finales felices Voy a hacer una lista de las palabras de

ortografa sin los sujos. Te voy a dar la lista. T vas a
aa dir los sujos. Luego volveremos a la lista para ver
cuntas palabras escribiste correctamente.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

sickly

Esta semana estamos leyendo una leyenda

americana nativa que se llama Mystic Horse. Se trata
de un nio que vive con su abuela en una comunidad
pauni. La abuela y el nio son pobres y deben caminar
siempre que los pauni deciden cambiar de lugar.
Primero el nio encuentra un caballo enfermo, luego
decide cuidarlo. Si presto atencin al orden en que
tienen lugar los sucesos, voy a entender mejor el
cuento.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: orden de los sucesos
Vocabulario: homfonos
Ortografa/Fontica:
sujos

Nombre
133

De aqu a all
Cada situacin de abajo tiene un principio y un n. Vamos
a crear distintos pasos y decirlos en orden para ir desde el
principio hasta el n de cada situacin.

134

A skateboard with wings travels many miles to the

ocean where he meets his friend the surfboard. How
did he get there?

Linda is making a cake. She ended up with a

20 layer cake.
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Googleen is a walking computer who is friends with

Onlina, another walking computer. Googleen leaves
his console and ends up quite far away at the site of
Olinas home site. How did he get there?

Summarize
Use a Sequence Chart to help you
record the events in one of the legends.
Then use the chart to summarize the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

legend.

Think and Compare

Quileute
Legends
by Yoko Mia Hirano
illustrated by Arvis Stewart

1. Reread page 5. What happened after the woman

put the wolf down in the midst of other wolves?
(Identify Sequence of Events)

Thunderbird is very stubborn and will not stop

hunting whales. Have you ever had to deal with
someone who was being stubborn? What did you
do? (Apply)
3. In The Legend of Thunderbird, the Great Chief
had the responsibility of keeping his people safe.
What can people do today to keep others safe?

Quileute Legends

2. In The Great Spirit and Thunderbird,

(Evaluate)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
The Creation of the Quileute. . . . . . 4
The Legend of Thunderbird . . . . . . 6
The Great Spirit and Thunderbird . . . 14
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

The present-day Quileute (also spelled

Quillayute) people now live on the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

Each time the water had risen, many

people had died. The survivors got in
their canoes. They went to different parts
of Earth. Since there were no landmarks,
the people could not see where they

Northwest Coast of the United States.

were going. This is why the Quileute are

They have always hunted and fished in

surrounded by people who are unrelated

the sea for their food. They built canoes

to them. This is why they have no known

for fishing. The smallest canoes held two

relatives.

people and the largest ones could carry

three tons! The Quileute traveled as far as
They created stories about whales and
also about a great mythical bird who
lived near the ocean. They called this bird
Thunderbird.

Quileute Legends

Alaska and California to hunt for whales.

19

water level back up. A third time, the

Great Spirit made the water go down.
And Thunderbird made it rise again. It

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Great Spirit made the water go

back down. Thunderbird brought the

Many Native American tribes tell

stories about thunderbirds or birds with
great strength. According to the Quileute
stories, Thunderbird lived in a cave in the
Olympic Mountains in Washington State.

rose until it covered the mountaintop.

Thunderbird had wings that were as long

The Great Spirit told Thunderbird to stop

as two war canoes. When he flapped

many times. But Thunderbird wouldnt

his wings, he made thunder and winds.

listen. Thunderbird flew with pride over

Lightning shot out of his eyes. By blinking,

the flooded lands. The Great Spirit grew

he could make rainstorms.

very angry with Thunderbird. He finally

The following tales are about the

struck Thunderbird down into the water.

water receded. From then on, there were
no more great floods on Earth.

18

Quileute Legends

Thunderbird drowned. For four days, the

Quileute. The Creation of the Quileute

tells how a pack of wolves became
the Quileute people. The Legend of
Thunderbird is the most famous Quileute
story. It describes how Thunderbird saved
the Quileute from dying of hunger. In The
Great Spirit and Thunderbird, you will
read what finally happened to Thunderbird.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Creation of
the Quileute

The Great Spirit came back to see

Thunderbird. He said, Thunderbird, you
have power. But I have more power. Stop
hunting whales, and I will not bother you
anymore. If you keep hunting whales, I will
keep fighting you.

There was once a pack of wolves that

lived on the plains. These wolves had no

Thunderbird answered, I like hunting

names or homes so they were unhappy.

whales. And I am going to keep hunting.

They had the spirits of humans. But they

The Great Spirit said, Then fight me as

were trapped in the bodies of wolves.

best you can, but you will not win. Look

at the water! Thunderbird moved quickly

off by himself. He walked a far distance

and got lost. His feet became covered
with sores. Before long, he fell asleep on
a flat rock warmed by the sun. The rock
had a strange white arrowmark on it.

Quileute Legends

One day a curious young wolf strayed

to the mouth of his cave. He saw that the

water level was going back down.
Thunderbird roared and snapped his
beak a few times. The loud echoes of
his beak frightened all the animals on the
mountain. Nooooo! cried Thunderbird as
he shook with anger. He made the waters
rise up again.

17

waters rise up from the very deepest

parts of the ocean. The waters rose and
rose until the ocean almost reached the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Thunderbird walked back and forth in

his cave. He had an idea. He made the

mountains. Now the water was close

When the wolf awoke, it was dark out.

The rock was no longer a rock. It was
now a mysterious woman, holding the wolf
gently in her arms. She carried the wolf
quietly through the night. She reached the
pack of wolves.

enough that he could step out of his cave

The woman put the young wolf down

and look for whales. Thunderbird smiled to

on the ground in the midst of the other

himself. He thought, Lets see what the

wolves. The young wolf was surprised to

Great Spirit can do now.

see that he no longer had four legs. He

had the two legs of a young boy! The

Quileute Legends

woman had changed him into human

form. One by one, the woman picked up
the other wolves and turned each one
into a person.
Soon the pack of wolves became a
small tribe of people. You are no longer
the lost wolves of the plains, the woman
said. You are now a people. You shall be
called the Quileute. The people gathered
around to thank her. She said, I must
go now. I cannot stay. Then she turned
and disappeared. A flat rock with a white
arrow-mark appeared where she had been
standing. The people took special care of
this rock from that day forward.

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Legend of
Thunderbird
Long ago, the Quileute people lived

The Great Spirit made a strong wind

push Thunderbird down, close to the
water. Thunderbird was shocked! He rose
back up into the air. He flapped his wings
hard. He looked around with angry eyes.
He saw only a dark cloud.

by the Quillayute River on the Olympic

Peninsula in Washington State. Every day,
the fishermen went out in their canoes.
As the gulls flew overhead, the fishermen
sang. They knew they would come home
with fresh fish by the days end. The
grew strong and healthy. For many years,
they were a happy, peaceful people.

Quileute Legends

women took care of the children, who

The Great Spirit moved the cloud in

front of Thunderbirds face. Thunderbird
couldnt see anything. He flew as fast as
he could. But the cloud followed him.
He knew now that the Great Spirit was
fighting him. Thunderbird slowed down.
But the cloud slowed down, too. Suddenly,
Thunderbird saw a mountain a few feet
in front of his face. He knew that if he
had been flying any faster, he would have
smashed into it. He stopped and rested
on the mountain. Then he crawled back
up into his cave.

15

For many years, Thunderbird ruled the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Great Spirit

and Thunderbird
ocean and the mountains. All the animals
and people were afraid of him. He did
whatever he wanted. Thunderbird enjoyed
hunting whales. He hunted them for food.
But soon he began hunting them for fun
as well. The Great Spirit saw that soon
did something. The Great Spirit asked
Thunderbird to stop hunting all the whales.
But Thunderbird only laughed. The Great
Spirit was angry, but he did not say
anything to Thunderbird.
Thunderbird forgot all about the Great
Spirit. The next day, he left his cave in

Quileute Legends

there would be no whales left unless he

But there came a time when many
days of heavy rain made the Quillayute
River overflow. The houses washed away.
Then the Quileute moved to the prairies.
Not long after, the weather grew cold.
The rain turned into hail and sleet. The
fishermen could not break through the

the mountain. He flew over the ocean,

ice in the rivers to go fishing. Falling

looking for whales. It was a beautiful day.

hailstones were so big that people were

The sun was shining. Thunderbird was in a

killed. The people grew afraid to go

good mood as he soared through the air.

outside. They were running out of food.

Men, women, and children were becoming
weak and sick.

14

in the tribe. He stood before them in a

patchwork shawl made up of buffalo skins
stitched together. The people begged the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

At this time, the Great Chief of the

Quileute called a meeting of all the people

Thunderbird came closer and closer. His

wings beat so hard they caused strong
winds and thunder. Then Thunderbird

of watching over his people weighed

stopped over an open spot on the ground.

heavily upon him. We will ask the Great

Only the chief and a few men stayed to

Spirit who soars above Earth for help,

watch. Thunderbird slowly loosened his

said the chief. The Great Spirit has

grip on the whale and dropped it on

helped us in the past. And now we have

the ground. Then Thunderbird rose into

the most serious trouble ever. If we do

the air and flew back to his cave on the

not get food, we will all die. And if that

mountain.

is the will of the Great Spirit, then we

must die bravely.
The chief prayed to the Great Spirit,
who had watched over his people for
hundreds of years. When his prayer was
over, the chief spoke. Now we must wait
to see what the Great Spirit decides, he

Quileute Legends

chief to do something. The responsibility

When the people heard Thunderbird

leaving, they turned back. They saw the
whale and then they understood. The
great bird had not come to fight the
whale. Thunderbird had brought the whale
to save them!
The people quietly stood in a circle

said. He had been the chief for many

around the whale. They gave thanks to

years. But he had never seen his people

the Great Spirit. Finally, they had food.

suffer like this. He thought that the Great

Now they knew their pleas to the Great

Spirit was punishing them for some wrong

Spirit had been answered. He had called

that they might have done.

Thunderbird to bring the whale to them.

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The people waited. They tried to keep

up their strength with the little food they
had left. They knew that if they did not
get help soon, they would all die. Days
passed and nothing happened. The people

Quileute Legends

were getting weaker. Time was running out.

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A sudden flash of lightning lit up the

darkness. A thundering noise filled the sky.
The sound of huge wings beat in the air.
People ran out of their tepees to find out
what was happening. A mysterious dark
shape, blacker than the night, came out
as it came closer to them. The peoples
mouths hung open in amazement at the
sight.
As the shape became clearer, the
people saw that it was a bird. It was
larger and scarier than any bird they had
ever seen. Its eyes looked as red and hot
as lava. Just looking at the birds eyes for

Quileute Legends

of the ocean. The dark shape grew bigger

Trapped in the claws of Thunderbird

was the mighty whale Kwalla. Thunderbird
had tried to catch him many times. But
each time the whale had escaped.

a short time made the peoples eyes hurt.

They had to look away. The birds beak

Now the people feared that Thunderbird

was sharper than any knife. This was the

was going to fight the whale. Everyone

legendary Thunderbird.

would be crushed if the two creatures

fought. Men, women, and children ran
away in all directions. They feared the end
had come.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
apologize

harmless

slithered

weekdays

genuine

Im So, So Sorry! We can use the words to apologize

for something silly we did.

SPELLING WORDS
purse

birth

curve

curb

person

worse

hurl

herb

turkey

turnip

purpose blurred

sternly

serpent

pearl

curl

swirl

twirl

shirt

Whats Missing? Im going to rewrite each spelling

word, leaving out er, ir, ar, or ur. Then you can complete
each word by writing in the correct letters.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

dirty

(fold here)

ambulance

We are reading a very funny book about a girl who

has to apologize to the librarian. She brought a snake
to the library and it escaped! Her parents make her
write a letter to say shes sorry. Although Cara keeps
saying shes sorry, she also keeps telling Mr. Winston
how nothing she did was her fault. As I read When I
Went to the Library Im practicing reading between
the lines.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: make inferences
Vocabulary: word partsbase words
Spelling/Phonics: words with er, ir, ar, and ur

Name
145

Silly Apologies
Sometimes we do things that just turn out wrong, even
when we dont mean them to. When that happens we need
to apologize. Lets look at the situations below. Well pick
one and talk about the kind of letter we would write to
apologize. Well try to think of funny things to say. If you
want, we can even write the letter itself.

Dinner is late. You decide to help by

setting the table. You also decide
that turning up the oven will
make the dinner cook faster.
Unfortunately, the
dinner burns and
your family has
no dinner.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Your aunt asks you to take

her dog to the groomer
for a haircut. On the way,
you decide that you can save
your aunt money by giving the
dog a haircut yourself. You start
cutting, but dont know when to
stop. The dog is a mess.

Its your best friends birthday. You are all sitting

around the table ready to eat the cake. Someone
tells a joke and you fall off your chair laughing.
Your foot hits a table leg which comes off. The cake
slides off the table and lands upside-down on
the oor.

146

Your neighbor asks you to weed the

ower garden. She doesnt mention
that many owers have not bloomed
yet. You pull out owers along with the
weeds. Theres nothing left.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
ambulance

apologize

harmless

slithered

weekdays

genuine

(fold here)

Perdn, por favor! Podemos usar las palabras de

arriba para disculparnos por algo que hicimos.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
purse

birth

curve

curb

person

worse

hurl

herb

turkey

turnip

purpose blurred

sternly

serpent

pearl

curl

swirl

twirl

shirt

Qu falta? Voy a volver a escribir cada palabra de la

lista de arriba sin usar er, ir, ar y ur. Luego t puedes
completar cada palabra ponindoles las letras que
faltan.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

dirty

Estamos leyendo un libro muy gracioso sobre una

nia que debe pedirle perdn al bibliotecario. Cara
llev una serpiente a la biblioteca... y el animal se
escap! Los padres de la nia la hacen escribir una
carta para pedir disculpas. Aunque Cara repite muchas
veces que lo siente, tambin le repite al Sr. Winston que
nada de lo que sucedi fue culpa de ella. A medida que
leo When I Went to the Library, practico la lectura
entre lneas.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: hacer inferencias
Vocabulario: partes de la palabrapalabras base
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con er, ir, ar y ur

Nombre
147

Disculpas graciosas
A veces hacemos cosas que salen mal, aunque no lo
queramos. Entonces es necesario pedir disculpas. Mira las
situaciones de abajo. Vamos a elegir una y a hablar del
tipo de carta que podramos escribir para disculparnos.
Intentemos pensar en cosas graciosas que decir, y tambin,
si quieres, podemos escribir la carta.

Dinner is late. You decide to help by

setting the table. You also decide
that turning up the oven will
make the dinner cook faster.
Unfortunately, the
dinner burns and
your family has
no dinner.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Your aunt asks you to take

her dog to the groomer
for a haircut. On the way,
you decide that you can save
your aunt money by giving the
dog a haircut yourself. You start
cutting, but dont know when to
stop. The dog is a mess.

Its your best friends birthday. You are all sitting

around the table ready to eat the cake. Someone
tells a joke and you fall off your chair laughing.
Your foot hits a table leg which comes off. The cake
slides off the table and lands upside-down on
the oor.

148

Your neighbor asks you to weed the

ower garden. She doesnt mention
that many owers have not bloomed
yet. You pull out owers along with the
weeds. Theres nothing left.

Summarize

1ZcS

1ZcS

Use a Web to record inferences

about snakes. Then use the

7\TS`S\QS

information in the web to summarize

the book.

1ZcS

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Snakes in
North America
by Dina Anastasio

1ZcS

Think and Compare

1. Look at page 7. Why do you think boas

2. Can you think of other snakes with

interesting names? How do you think
they got those names? (Analyze)
3. Why is it important to know the truth about
snakes and their dangers? (Evaluate)

Snakes in North America

might attack people? (Make Inferences)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Non-Poisonous Snakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Poisonous Snakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 3
Stripes, Blotches, and Cover-Ups . . . . . . . . . 16
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

North America is a large area of

land. It contains many different climates
and landscapes. Most of Mexico and the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

southwestern United States is hot and dry.

Glossary
adapt (uh-DAPT) to change in ways to survive in a
particular kind of weather or environment (page 16)
antivenin (an-tee-VE-nuhn) a liquid medicine (serum)
that helps stop the harmful effects of a snakes
venom (page 13)

Other areas, including the northeastern states

camouflage (KAM-uh-flahzh) a disguise used to hide
something by making it look like its surroundings

and parts of Canada, are cool and wet. Some

areas have large mountain ranges, like the

(page 10)

Rocky Mountains in the West. Others have

Snakes can be found

in just about all of these
places. Snakes live in

<=@B6/;3@71/
1O\ORO

forests, canyons, and

deserts. One might even
be living in your own
backyard. Most snakes

C\WbSRAbObSa

dont do well in the cold.

In fact the hardy garter

;SfWQ]

snake is the only serpent

Snakes in North America

flat, rolling plains, like the Midwest.

constrictor (kuhn-STRIK-tur) a snake that squeezes

its prey until it cannot breathe (page 6)
hibernate (HIGH-bur-nayt) to spend the winter
remaining very still. (page 10)
molt (MOHLT) to shed an old skin and grow a new
one (page 7)
prey (PRAY) an animal that is hunted by another
animal for food (page 4)
venom (VEN-uhm) the poison produced by some
snakes, spiders, and other animals (page 12)

that can survive in Alaska.

North America has five snake families. Two

Index

of these families are poisonous and three are

blind snakes, 3, 45

garter snakes, 2, 10

not. Meet the five families. As you read this

boas, 3, 67

pit viper, 1415

book, you will get to know them a lot better.

colubrids, 3, 811

rat snakes, 11, 17

coral snakes, 3, 1213

rattlesnakes, 3, 8, 1415, 16
19

Snakes should be treated with genuine

respect. Yet many people fear them. The truth
is, some snakes help people. They keep the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

world from being overrun with rats, termites,

ants, and other pests.

KING SNAKE
(NON-POISONOUS)

Although some snakes are poisonous, most

are not. And most poisonous snakes will not
can never be sure. It is difficult to tell a
poisonous snake from a non-poisonous one.
It is safest not to touch snakes.

ROUGH GREEN SNAKE

18

Snakes in North America

bother you unless you bother them. But you

There are about 2,700
kinds of snakes in the
world. Only about 300
are poisonous.

RATTLESNAKE
(POISONOUS)

The Five Families

Blind snakes

Non-Poisonous

Boas

Non-Poisonous

Colubrids

Non-Poisonous

Coral snakes

Poisonous

Pit vipers

Poisonous

Non-Poisonous Snakes
Most of the snakes living in North America
are not poisonous. They use other methods

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

Many snakes change

patterns as they grow
older. The black rat
snake starts out as a
gray snake with dark

to kill their prey and defend themselves. Blind

blotches. As it ages, it

snakes and boas live mostly in warm climates.

becomes an all-black

Colubrids can be found all over North

snake. The yellow corn

America, except in very cold places.

snake is the color of

themselves and keep warm. They burrow into

holes in the ground.

A blind snake has a powerful snout to burrow into

the ground. The snout works like a shovel.

Snakes
cant move
backward.
Snakes
swallow their
food whole.

placesa cornfield.

Snakes in North America

snakes have found a clever way to protect

Snakes cant
hear.

one of its favorite hiding

Sometimes its hard to tell a blind snake

from an earthworm. These smelly little

Snake Facts

Have you ever

wondered why snakes have such different
patterns? Snakes need to protect themselves
from predators like eagles. Many snakes
depend on camouflage. They blend into the
background. And backgrounds can be very
different.
Desert snakes may be brown and tan to
match the rocks and sand. Snakes that live
in the woods may be green and brown to
match the trees. The eastern smooth earth
snake, which lives in the woods, has different
coloring from the western coral snake, which
lives in the desert.

17

Stripes, Blotches, and

Cover-Ups
There are many kinds of snakes in North

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

The eyes of most

blind snakes are
covered with scales.
Some have no eyes at
all. When an enemy

Blind snakes help

get rid of these
destructive ants.

America. And each one adapts in its own

comes along, these

way in order to survive. How snakes look

snakes hurry into

depends a lot on where they live. Cold-

a hole. They also

weather snakes are different from snakes

produce a terrible smell that sends ants

that live in hot canyons. Desert snakes are

and other animals scurrying away.

North American snakes come in many

colors and patterns. There are even snakes
with only one color. Others are covered with
many colors. Some have diamond-shaped
patterns or blotches. Some snakes have bands
or rings.

These close-ups
show off the snakes
fascinating patterns.

Snakes in North America

different from snakes that live in forests.

Blind snakes use their sense of smell

to find worms, termites, and ants to eat.
This is very helpful to humans because
termites and ants can do a great deal
of damage. Eastern screech owls even
use blind snakes as their assistants. They
pick up the little snakes and carry them
to their nests. The
blind snakes protect
the owls babies
by eating harmful

Snake Facts
Snakes are reptiles.

insects.
Snakes dont have
legs.
Snakes slither on
their stomachs.

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The rattler spends most of its time alone,

sleeping or searching for food. It can usually
be found in warm places, like deserts and
canyons. However, some rattlers live in colder
areas. These rattlers hibernate in large groups
during the winter.
Rattlesnakes have dark V-shaped or
diamond-shaped marks on their backs.
And, like most snakes, they smell with

Rosy boas live in the western United States.

Boas are another non-poisonous snake

family. Boas are not poisonous, but they
can be very dangerous. Boas are constrictor
snakes. They squeeze their victim until it
cannot breathe. Like many snakes, boas
smell with their tongues. They will stay very
still and wait until they sniff a frog, rat,
bird, or lizard. Then they lunge forward and
strike. The boa bites with its teeth, wraps
itself around its prey, and squeezes until the
creature can no longer breathe. Like other
snakes, boas swallow their prey whole.

Snakes in North America

their tongues. One good thing about these

poisonous snakes is you can hear them
coming. When they are ready to attack, they
make a rattling noise with their tail.

The Rattlesnake
A rattlesnake is born
without a rattle.
At one or two
weeks old, the baby
rattlesnake sheds its
skin for the first time.
Thats when it forms its first rattle. A new rattle
forms whenever the rattlesnake sheds its skin.
The older a rattlesnake, the louder its rattle.

15

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Also known as the water

moccasin, the cottonmouth
is the only poisonous
water snake.

There are almost 100 different species of

boas in the world. But there are only two
kinds of boas in North America. Both the
rosy boa and the rubber boa live in the
western United States, where the air is warm
and dry. They can be found in trees, under
rocks, and in deserts.

The pit viper family includes rattlesnakes,

copperheads, and cottonmouths. These snakes

Boas are not interested in people. They will

have triangular heads and long, curled fangs

not attack humans unless they are pestered

that fold back into their mouths when not in

or stepped on. They are quiet and calm,

have two pits that can sense the heat of

their prey. When the vipers sense prey, those
fangs can unfold quickly.
The rattlesnake is the most common North
American pit viper. A rattlesnake can be from
18 inches (45.72 cm) to 8 feet (2.44 m) long.
And its venom is very dangerous.

A copperheads pits can tell it when prey is nearby.

Snakes in North America

use. Between their eyes and nostrils, pit vipers

and they move quite slowly. They are one of

the few snake families that can slither in a
straight line.

All Snakes Molt

All snakes molt, or
shed their skins.
Before molting begins,
the snake hides away.
Soon its body becomes
wet. The old skin begins
to turn inside out as the
snake slithers out. Most adult snakes shed their
skins two to five times a year.

Pit
14

live on land, under ground, in water, and

in trees. Colubrids come in all sizes. They
have big heads and big stomachs. Most are

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Most of the snakes in North America

belong to the colubrid family. Colubrid snakes

medium-sized and harmless to humans.

Most coral snakes live in the

southwestern United States.

Some people call this snake family the

garbage pail. Thats because snakes that
dont fit anywhere else are called colubrids.

This colorful snake can be found in

deserts, wooded areas, and swamps. It

America. Perhaps you have seen a garter

snake, a rat snake, a rainbow snake, a brown
snake, or a green snake.

The Bull Snake

People often confuse
the bull snake with the
poisonous rattlesnake
because both make a
hissing sound before
they strike. But the rattlesnake injects poison,
while the bull snake wraps itself around its victim
and squeezes.

Snakes in North America

Many of these snakes are common in North

spends most of its day hiding and resting.

It searches for food at
night, when the weather is
cooler. Like rattlesnakes, the
coral snake shakes its tail
when it is bothered.

Antivenin
Poisonous snakebites are sometimes treated
with shots of antivenin. To make antivenin,
venom is collected from a snake. Shots of this
venom are then given to a horse. The shots
are small, so they do not harm the horse. The
horses blood is used to make antivenin.

13

Poisonous Snakes
Venom is poison. Poisonous snakes make
venom in glands under their eyes. When these

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

KING SNAKE

snakes spot prey, they grab it with their teeth.

Then they inject the venom from the glands
through two hollow fangs. The venom poisons
the prey. There are two kinds of poisonous
snakes in the United Statescoral snakes and

The coral snake is beautiful. It is also the

eighth most deadly snake in the world. Coral
snakes have black, red, and yellow rings
around their bodies. You can recognize a coral
snake if a red ring is next to a yellow ring.

Coral Snake Venom

Snakes in North America

pit vipers.

GARTER SNAKE

The venom of a coral snake takes longer to

work than the venom of many other snakes,
but it is extremely dangerous. Any snakebite
calls for immediate attention. Call for help
and dont apologize. Call an ambulance. Get
to a hospital.

CORN SNAKE

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Another colubrid is the rat snake. Have you

ever wondered how a snake gets its name?
Rat snakes are named after their favorite
foodrats. These snakes also prey on rabbits
and birds.
Most rat snakes are
great tree-climbers. Their
flat bellies help them
hang on as they slither

If you ever see a bunch of snakes with three

stripes gathered together on a freezing weekday,
they are probably garter snakes.

to miss. Garter snakes are great at hiding.

They blend into their background very well.
This blending in is called camouflage. Garter
snakes do not grow to be very large. They
are usually no more than 3 feet (91 cm) long
and are very thin.

Snakes in North America

Garter snakes are found all over North

America. But these little snakes can be easy

up the branches.

Snake Facts
Snakes have
forked tongues.
Snakes are
covered with
scales.
Snakes have no
eyelids. Their
eyes are always
open.

Garter snakes can survive in very cold

places. Their small size makes it easy for
them to heat up and cool down quickly. In
the winter, garter snakes hibernate. Sometimes

There are more

than 50 kinds of
rat snakes.

hundreds of these snakes huddle together to

stay warm.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week we are reading Dear Mrs. LaRue. Its

about a dog named Ike who gets into a lot of mischief.
His owner sends him to obedience school, but Ike writes
letters back to his owner, telling her how terrible the
school is. By reading and looking at the pictures,
Im deciding that Ike isnt telling
the truth.

WORDS TO KNOW
appreciated

desperate

endured

misunderstood

neglected

obedience
(fold here)

Isnt He Silly Lets use the words to tell about a

silly pet.

SPELLING WORDS
hour

lambs

answer

honesty plumber

honor

knives

doubt

knead

wriggle heir

wrinkle

knew

wrench

kneel

combs

wrapper
known

Shhh! No One Can Hear Me Im going to rewrite

each spelling word leaving out the silent letters.
Then you can complete each word by writing in the
missing letter or letters.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

thumbs honest

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: draw conclusions
Vocabulary: prexes
Spelling/Phonics: silent letters

Name
159

Funny Endings
Look at the cartoons below and on the opposite page. What
do you think happened? Draw your own conclusions. Write a
funny caption for each cartoon.

160

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras

Esta semana estamos leyendo Dear Mrs. LaRue.

Trata de un perro llamado Ike que siempre se mete en
los. Su duea lo manda a clases de obediencia, pero
Ike le escribe cartas donde le cuenta lo terrible que
es la escuela. Por lo que leo y lo que veo en las
ilustraciones, me parece que Ike
no dice la verdad.

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
appreciated

desperate

endured

misunderstood

neglected

obedience
(fold here)

Qu travieso! Vamos a usar las palabras de la lista

para formar oraciones sobre un perro travieso.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
lambs

thumbs honest

answer

honesty plumber

honor

knives

doubt

knead

wriggle heir

wrinkle

knew

wrench

kneel

combs

wrapper
known

Las letras mudas no estn Voy a volver a escribir cada

palabra de la lista sin las letras mudas. Luego completa
cada palabra ponindole la letra o letras que falten.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

hour

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: sacar conclusiones
Vocabulario: prejos
Ortografa/Fontica: letras mudas

Nombre
161

Un nal cmico
Mira los dibujos de abajo y los de la pgina siguiente. Qu
crees que pas? Saca tus propias conclusiones. Luego escribe
una leyenda cmica para cada caricatura.

162

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Summarize

Text Clues Conclusion

Use the chart to list clues in

the story that help you draw
conclusions. Then use the chart

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

to summarize the story.

Fish Tricks
by Sunita Apte
illustrated by Carolina Farias

Think and Compare

1. Think about the actions
Minnie and Maddie take. What conclusions can
you draw from them? (Draw Conclusions)
2. Would you enjoy having Minnie as a pet?

3. How can pets, even if they are not unusual,

transform peoples lives? (Apply)

Fish Tricks

Explain. (Evaluate)

Table of Contents
The Pet Store. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Fish Surprise! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A Fishy Way to Make Friends . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
20

Come on, Maddies Aunt Irene said to her.

Grab your coat. Were going to the pet store.
The pet store? Maddie mumbled, surprised.
Why? Are you getting a new pet?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Pet Store

I could have sworn I heard a voice coming

from the fishbowl, Aunt Irene said. I must have
been dreaming. I guess Im tired.
She leaned over and gave Maddie a kiss.
Goodnight, honey. Sleep well.
Goodnight. As the door closed behind her

No, my sweet, you are. Aunt Irene chucked

Aunt, Maddie said softly, And thank youmore

her surprised niece lightly under the chin. I

than youll ever know.

think my favorite niece could use a pet to keep

you company until you make some new friends
at school.
Maddie stole a quick glance at the older
woman. Aunt Irene was her fathers sister and
Maddie appreciated the fact that Aunt Irene
always seemed to know what was going on.

Fish Tricks

she and Maddie shared a special relationship.

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Maddies bedroom to say goodnight.

Honey, Im so glad that youve made some

Fish Tricks

That night Aunt Irene came over. She went into

It was true that Maddie was feeling lonely

at school this year. She was shy and having
trouble making friends. Her mother claimed it was

friends at school, she told her niece. Your mom

because she was an only child and wasnt around

said they are nice girls.

other kids very often.

They are, said a tiny voice from the fishbowl.

Outside the pet store, Maddie stopped her

aunt. Did you clear this with Mom? she asked.

They are, Maddie said loudly, too loudly, at the

You know how much she dislikes pets.

same time. She smiled as her aunt looked confused,

staring at the orange goldfish swimming serenely in
the bowl.

Aunt Irene smiled. I cleared it with her. I know

she dislikes dogs and cats, but you arent getting
that kind of pet. Youre going to get a fish.

18

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

When the show was over and Minnie was

resting in the water, the girls turned to Maddie,
amazed.
How did you do that? Diamond cried. That
was incredible!
You must have worked very hard, Rosa said
softly.
I did, Maddie replied. She didnt mention that
her fish could talk, since she and Minnie had
agreed that it would be their little secret.
Minnies tricks seemed to break the ice, and
after that, Maddie and the other girls hung out

Fish Tricks

and talked for the rest of the afternoon. Maddie

forgot to be shy with them, instead feeling as if
she had been friends with them forever.

A fish! Maddies face fell. A fish was a

ridiculous pet! You couldnt play with a fish and
you couldnt pet it. All you could do was watch
it swim around.
Still, Maddie couldnt help but be fascinated by
all the fish in the store. She picked out a gigantic
orange goldfish with a big, beautiful fishbowl, and
then held the fish in its plastic bag carefully on
her lap all the way home.
4

17

the water. The other girls watched, fascinated, as

Maddie made more hand signals and Minnie leapt
through a hoop, fetched tiny misplaced toys from
the bottom of her bowl, and did a series of

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Maddie made a hand signal and Minnie began

swimming madly around the bowl, leaping out of

Fish Surprise!
At home, Aunt Irene helped Maddie set up
the fishbowl in Maddies bedroom. They filled
it with water and carefully poured in some fish
food. Dont overdo the food, Aunt Irene warned
Maddie. If you overfeed your fish, you can harm

back flips.

it, but make sure your fish is not neglected,

either. Pay attention to it every day.
Maddie admired her new fish while Aunt Irene
chatted with Maddies mom in the kitchen. But
she soon lost interest, since all the fish did was
swim around. She had been right the first time

Fish Tricks

fish were a snooze.

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Several afternoons later, Maddie arrived home

with her two classmates. After a quick snack in the
kitchen, she led them into her bedroom.
I got a new pet fish a few weeks ago, Maddie
said shyly. Want to see it?
Diamond sniffed. A pet fish? Fish are boring.
What is there to see?
Maddie pointed to Minnie in her bowl. This isnt
just any pet fish. Minnie is special because I taught

Maddie sighed and sat down at her desk,

thinking that she might as well begin her
homework until Aunt Irene came in to say
goodbye.
She bent over her math book, humming under

Fish Tricks

her to do tricks.

her breath. But it was hard to concentrate. She

kept getting distracted by a splashing sound. Was
something falling into the fishbowl?
Maddie looked over at the fishbowl. Her
goldfish appeared to be swimming in rapid circles
around the bowl, but nothing strange
had fallen in. Maddie sighed and
returned to her math.

15

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Splash! She heard it again. Maddie looked

up at the fishbowl, just in time to see her new
fish leap out of the water and dive back down.
Splash! Then Maddie stared, startled, as the fish
waved a fin at her.
Hey, whats going on? Maddie wondered
aloud.
Im just showing you my tricks, said a tiny
voice.
A stunned Maddie leaned toward the fishbowl.
Did you just talk?
Yeah, that was me, the tiny voice said again.

Fish Tricks

My name is Minnie. I was just presenting a few

of my tricks. I really am a good
pet, you know, because I
can do all sorts of things.

For the next few weeks, Maddie

practiced with Minnie every day after school.
Minnie endured hours of training until she could do
various tricks. She could jump through a hoop and
fetch miniature toys thrown into her fishbowl. She
could clap her fins and do a back flip.
Eventually, Maddie and Minnie agreed that Minnie
was ready to perform for others. Maddie decided
to invite two girls from her class that she really
likedRosa and Diamond.
14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Fishy Way to Make Friends

The next day, Maddie burst into her bedroom
after school. Hey, Minnie, she announced, I got
a book to train you with, but the only problem
is, its for dolphins. Its called Dolphin Obedience
Training, but I think we can make it work.
Minnie swam eagerly up to the surface of
the water. A book of tricks? Oh, wow, Im
so excited, I cant wait. Im desperate to get
started. Lets hurry!
Okay, Maddie dumped her bag on the bed
and opened the book up. Chapter oneJumping

greatly with a little training. Do you think you

might be interested in training me?
Let me get this straight. Maddie paused for

Fish Tricks

Through Hoops.
Of course, Minnie added, I would improve

a long moment. Youre a fish, but you talk and

do tricks. And you think you could do even better
tricks if I trained you?
Yeah, Minnie said eagerly. Thats it precisely.
I heard you and your aunt talking in the car
about the hard time youve been having in school,
so I know you want to make friends. What if
you trained me to do tricks and then invited
your classmates over to watch? You could really
impress them and make a lot of friends that way.
8

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Agreement
Maddie couldnt really believe she was holding a
conversation with a fishher own pet fish, in fact.
She leaned over the bowl. No offense, she began,
But I have to say I find this talking fish tricks
thing a little, wellfishy. Why should I train you?
Minnie sighed. We fish are so misunderstood,
she muttered under her breath. She swam a little
closer to Maddie. You should train me because
your classmates will be amazed by my antics.
Havent you noticed how

Aunt Irene gave her niece a big hug. Im so

glad, honey. Im sorry that it couldnt be a bigger
pet, like a cat or a dog, since I know fish dont
do much, just swim around.

Fish Tricks

big fish are lately?

Maddie had to work hard to suppress a smile.

Thats okay, Aunt Irene, I dont really mind.
Goodnight.
As Maddie closed the door behind her aunt,
she heard a tiny, outraged voice from the fishbowl.
Fish just swim around, huh? Minnie sniffed. She
is so misinformed. Wait until she sees the tricks
Im going to learn to do.

12

What about Legend of the Lone Shark or

Batfish to the Rescue? We fish are movie stars!
And, anyway, look at all the things I can already
do, like the backstroke. To demonstrate, Minnie
swam backwards, fin over fin.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Minnie raised a fin and waved it in the air.

Oh, thank you, thank you! Maddie wasnt

sure what super grateful fish were supposed
to look like, but she was pretty confident that
Minnies expression nailed it.
Just then, Aunt Irene knocked on the door,
and Maddie dove back to her desk and her math

And I can play deadsee? Minnie rolled over

problems. For some reason, she didnt want her

and froze in the water, belly up.

aunt to discover the truth about Minnie.

Maddie held up her hand. All right, all right.

Maddie, honey, Im leaving now, Aunt Irene

Ill look for a book and train you, and maybe, if

said from the other side of the door. Can I

you master some amazing moves, Ill invite some

come in and say good night?

kids over to watch you.

Sure. Maddie looked up and smiled as her

Fish Tricks

aunt opened the door. Thanks for the fish, Aunt

10

Irene. I really love it.

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
interact

motivate

conceived

denition

Amazing Teachers We can use the words above to

talk about one of your favorite teachers. Why is he or
she your favorite?

SPELLING WORDS
once

scene

bridge

badge

cement

glance

strange

police

certain

orange

ginger

wedge

arrange

sponge

village

ounce

germs

spice

circus

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

center

(fold here)

dismiss

This week were reading

Words Add Up to Success,
an article about a teacher
who used creative ways
to teach his students. Im
learning a lot of facts about
how Jaime Escalante was able
to make students interested
and successful in math. Im
looking forward to learning
more about this inspirational teacher.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: fact and opinion
Vocabulary: Latin prexes
Spelling/Phonics: words with soft
c and g

Speed Spell Lets see how many words you can spell in
one minute. At the end, lets see how many words you
spelled correctly. Do you want to try again to see if you
can spell more words in a minute?

Name
173

Fact and Opinion

Crossword

Use the words in the box to complete the sentences below.

Write F if you think the sentence is a fact. Write O if
you think it states an opinion. Then write the words in the
correct spaces in the crossword puzzle.

money

temples

China

fact

opinion

ink

preserve

art

clay

heritage

Across

7. China has a rich

9. Some ancient
next to tall skyscrapers.

stand

was invented in China.

10

Down
2.

has the largest population of any nation.

3.

was invented in China.

5. We need to
6. Some of Chinas

all art in every country.

is buried in tombs.

8. The soldiers found in a tomb are made of

.
174

4. An
is a statement
that tells what someone thinks.

9
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

1. A
is a statement
that can be proven.

10. Paper

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
dismiss

interact

motivate

conceived

denition
(fold here)

Maestros sorprendentes Podemos usar las palabras

de arriba para hablar acerca de uno de tus maestros
favoritos. Por qu es tu favorito?

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
once

scene

bridge

badge

cement

glance

strange

police

certain

orange

ginger

wedge

arrange

sponge

village

ounce

germs

spice

circus

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

center

Esta semana estamos

leyendo Words Add Up to
Success, un artculo acerca
de un maestro que usaba
formas creativas para ensear
a sus estudiantes. Estoy
aprendiendo muchos hechos
sobre cmo Jaime Escalante
fue capaz de hacer que sus
estudiantes se interesaran y
triunfaran en matemticas. Estoy ansioso por aprender
ms acerca de este maestro que fue una fuente de
inspiracin para sus estudiantes.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: hecho y opinin
Vocabulario: prejos del latn
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con c y g suave

A toda velocidad Vamos a ver cuntas palabras

puedes deletrear en un minuto. Al cumplirse el minuto,
vamos a ver cuntas palabras deletreaste correctamente.
Quieres jugar otra vez para ver si puedes deletrear ms
palabras en un minuto?

Nombre
175

Crucigrama de
hechos y opiniones

Usa las palabras del recuadro para completar las oraciones

de abajo. Escribe una F si piensas que la oracin es un
hecho, y una O si piensas que expresa una opinin. Luego
escribe cada palabra en el espacio correspondiente del
crucigrama.

money

temples

China

fact

opinion

ink

preserve

art

clay

heritage

Across

7. China has a rich

9. Some ancient
skyscrapers.
10. Paper

.
stand next to tall
was invented in China.

10

Down
2.

has the largest population of any nation.

3.

was invented in China.

5. We need to
6. Some of Chinas

all art in every country.

is buried in tombs.

8. The soldiers found in a tomb are made of

.
176

4. An
is a statement
that tells what someone thinks.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

1. A
is a statement
that can be proven.

Summarize

Fact

Opinion

Use the chart to record facts and

opinions from the book. Then use
the information to help summarize

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

by G u a d a lu p e V. Lo p e z

the book.

Think and Compare

1. These statements are from page 4: The flag is
one of the most enduring symbols of America.
and The flag has 50 stars. . . Which is an

2. Which of the landmarks you read about

in this book would you like to visit or
learn more about? Why? (Apply)
3. Tourists often visit landmarks. Why are
these places important to them? What do
they learn by visiting them? (Evaluate)

Symbols of America

opinion? How do you know? (Fact and Opinion)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Flags and Songs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Celebrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 3
Landmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

How do you feel at the sight of the

American flag? What about the sound of the
national anthem being played? What do you
imagine visitors think when they first see the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

Statue of Liberty?

Glossary
allegiance (uh-LEE-jens) loyalty to a nation or cause
(page 7)

colony (KOHL-uh-nee) a place that is ruled by

another country (page 4)
enduring (en-DUR-ing) continuing to last (page 4)

These things remind us of the place where

independence (in-dee-PEN-dens) freedom from

control by another country (page 4)

we live. They are the symbols, objects, events,

or places that stand for our country. They are

landmark (LAND-mahrk) building or other place that

is of special historical importance (page 3)

Symbols of America

the sights and sounds of America.

Index
Alamo, 13

San Jacinto, 13

American flag, 2, 45,

78

state flags, 6
state songs, 9

Fourth of July, 18

Statue of Liberty, 1415

Independence Day, 1012

Texas pledge, 7

lone star, 6

Thanksgiving, 10

Mount Rushmore, 1617

White House, 16

Ross, Betsy, 5

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Symbols of America

There are many symbols of America.

Some are objects like the flag or
landmarks like the Washington Monument.
Others are the songs we hear on
important days. Celebrations of events in
our history are symbols that we share
with friends and family.
Lets look at some of these symbols.
18

Old Glory. The Star-Spangled Banner. Stars

and Stripes. These are some names for the
American flag. Look up, and theres the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

Flags and Songs

Until the wind and the rain alone shall wear

them away.
Sculptor Gutzon Borglum,
describing his carving on Mount Rushmore

flag flying over a school, firehouse, or post

office. Soldiers proudly wear flag patches on
their uniforms. The flag is one of the most
enduring symbols of America.
The flag has 50 stars, one for each state
of the Union. The 13 stripes represent the
start out with this design. In 1776, America
won independence from Britain. It was a new
country, and Americans wanted a new flag.
Most public buildings in the
United States display the flag.

Symbols of America

13 original colonies. But Old Glory did not

Mount Rushmore is in the Black Hills of

South Dakota. It is a monumental carving that
took more than fourteen years to complete.
Mount Rushmore depicts four of our greatest
presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Each
likeness is 60 feet (18.29 meters) tall. All four men
saw the nation through difficult times. Each fought
in his own way for the nations security and growth.

17

landmarks represent American leadership and

democracy.
The White House, in Washington, D.C.,

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Two important historic landmarks are

the White House and Mount Rushmore. Both

is the official home of the President of the

United States and his family. It is also where the
president works. The White House was completed
in 1800, and John Adams was the first president
to live there. It has been the home of every
president since then. The White House was not
first the Presidents House. Theodore Roosevelt
officially changed the name in 1902.
The White House is on Pennsylvania Avenue
in Washington, D.C.

Symbols of America

always called The White House. It was called at

This illustration shows the design of the first American flag.

Some people believe that a seamstress

named Betsy Ross conceived of the design
for the new flag. Others say that Francis
Hopkinson designed the first flag. He was
one of the signers of the Declaration of
Independence. The original flag had 13 stars
and 13 stripes, to represent the 13 colonies.
Nobody knows for sure who created the
original Stars and Stripes. One thing we do
know: the flag has more than 13 stars now!

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Alaska held a flag-designing

contest. One motivated student
took the prize. Blue is for
Alaskas sky and wildflowers.
The North Star represents
Alaska, the northernmost state.
The Big Dipper represents
strength.

The Statue of Liberty is 151 feet

(46 m) high and it weighs 225 tons
(204 metric tons). Parts of the
statue have special meanings. The
torch represents enlightenment, or
knowledge. The 25 windows in the
crown stand for gems found all
over Earth. The windows reflect

The flag of Texas is also called

the Lone Star Flag. Its colors
have the same meaning as
those of the U.S. flag: blue for
loyalty, white for purity, and
red for bravery.

light and shine like jewels both

day and night. The rays of the
crown represent the seven seas and
continents of the world.

Symbols of America

The flag of Maine was adopted

in 1909. The moose represents
Maines wildlife. The pine tree
stands for the forests of Maine.
The farmer and seaman show
that Maine is a farming and
fishing state.

In 1986 Americans celebrated

the 100th birthday of the statue.
More than six million people came
to this event.

The flag of Wyoming shows a

bison. Livestock, mines, grains,
and oil represent Wyomings
riches. The states motto says:
Equal Rights since Wyoming
was the first state to allow
women to vote.

15

on Liberty Island in New York City.

For years, it stood as a symbol of
welcome and hope to millions of
immigrants arriving in the United

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Statue of Liberty is a very

famous American landmark. It stands

definition of a pledge is a promise of loyalty.

A minister named Francis Bellamy wrote
the original Pledge in 1892. It went like this:

States from Europe. A poem, near

I pledge allegiance to my

the entrance to the statue, begins

Flag and the Republic for

with these words, Give me your

which it stands, one nation,

tired, your poor, Your huddled

indivisible, with liberty and

masses yearning to breathe free.

justice for all. In 1923, the

words were changed slightly.

The statue was a gift from

stand for international friendship.

The Statue of Liberty

welcomes immigrants
from all over the world.

In 1954, Congress made a

Symbols of America

France, and it has also come to

14

Americans show loyalty to their country

by reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. One

second change, adding the

words under God.

In addition to
the Pledge of
Allegiance, Texans
recite this pledge
to the Texas flag:
Honor the Texas
flag; I pledge
allegiance to thee,
Texas, one state
under God, one
and indivisible.

national anthem. It was written by the poet

Francis Scott Key, during the War of 1812. On
the night of September 13, 1814, Key watched
from a boat as the country was being

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Another way to honor the country is by

singing. The Star-Spangled Banner is our

saw the rockets red glare and heard bombs

They lost the battle, but they fought until

the end. This is why the Alamo means

was still flying. He was so inspired, he wrote

freedom to Texans.

Symbols of America

a poem that begins: Oh! say, can you see,

the Alamo mission and the San Jacinto

fought bravely against the Mexican army.

At dawn, Key saw that the American flag

national anthem.

Two important landmarks remind Texans

of their fight for independence. They are

At the Alamo a small group of Texans

bursting in the air.

was set to music, and it later became the

Landmarks

Monument.

attacked by the British navy. All night, he

by the dawns early light . . . The poem

Chapter 3

Another important landmark in Texas is

the San Jacinto Monument. It marks the site
of the battle in which the Mexican troops
were defeated.
The Texas Declaration of Independence was
written while the Alamo was under attack.

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Star-Spangled Banner is the national

anthem. Each state also has its own anthem,
or state song. Texans searched for a state
song for years. Someone suggested The
Yellow Rose of Texas, but this idea was
dismissed. Texans really wanted a new song.
So the state decided to have a contest.
In 1929, after years of listening to possible
tunes, Texans chose Texas, Our Texas. It
begins like this:
Texas, our Texas! All hail the mighty

A parade is one way to kick off

Texas Independence Day.

Texas was not always part of the United

States. It once was part of Mexico. Texans

Symbols of America

State!
Texas, our Texas! So wonderful, so great!

Some state songs are very familiar.

Connecticut: Yankee Doodle
Kansas: Home on the Range
Louisiana: You Are My Sunshine

wanted to be free of this rule. In 1836,

Texas declared its independence from

Georgia: Georgia On My Mind

Mexico.
Texans celebrate Independence Day on
March 2. They celebrate much the same
way as the Fourth of July, with picnics,
parades, and fireworks.
12

In 1812, the United States

was at war with England.

Celebrations
In the United States, someone somewhere
is probably celebrating. It might be a music
festival, county fair, or rodeo. These are

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

hometown celebrations. National holidays,

such as Thanksgiving, Presidents Day, Martin
Luther King, Jr., Day, and Independence
Day, offer the whole country a chance to
celebrate together.
National holidays celebrate important
example, Thanksgiving calls to mind grateful
Pilgrims giving thanks in a new land.
Presidents Day is reason to honor past
presidents. On Martin Luther King, Jr., Day,
we remember a great American who fought
for civil rights.
Rodeos are a type of celebration in many places in
the United States.

Symbols of America

people or events in our history. For

The Fourth of July is a day of picnics and parades.

Independence Day brings the biggest and

most all-American of celebrations. Towns
decorate in the familiar tricolorsred, white,
and blue. Police close off the streets for
a parade. People interact with the people
marching by. They clap and dance to a
marching band. They smile at clowns on
too-small bicycles. In the evening, everyone
watches the colorful fireworks.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week we are reading Ranita, The Frog Princess,

a play about a talking frog and a viceroys son. The frog
asks the viceroys son to keep a promise in return for a
favor he performs. The son promises and then rushes
away without keeping it. I will use these clues and keep
reading to determine the theme of the story.

WORDS TO KNOW
commotion

cranky

specialty

exasperated

famished

selsh

clams

mints

props

parents

couches

glasses

hobbies

engines

caves

babies

ranches

patches

mistakes

mosses

armies

arches

dresses

supplies

arrows

enemies

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

Whats the Antonym? Lets see if we can come up

with an antonym, a word that means the opposite, for
each word above. If we cant think of one word, we can
use phrases.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: theme
Vocabulary: analogies:
synonyms and antonyms
Spelling/Phonics: plurals

Watch Your Ss and ESs Ill give you the singular form
of each spelling word. Then you spell the plural.

Name
187

Theme Them!
TV Show

Lets think of a book, conversation, TV show, or newspaper

article we think have themes. We can talk about them and
jot down notes on these pages.

Book

188

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conversation

Newspaper Article

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
commotion

cranky

specialty

exasperated

famished

selsh

clams

mints

props

parents

couches

glasses

hobbies

engines

caves

babies

ranches

patches

mistakes

mosses

armies

arches

dresses

supplies

arrows

enemies

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Cul es el antnimo? Vamos a ver si podemos

encontrar un antnimo, o sea la palabra de signicado
opuesto, para cada palabra de arriba. Si no se nos ocurre
una palabra, podemos usar frases.

Esta semana estamos leyendo Ranita, The Frog

Princess, una obra de teatro que trata de una rana
que habla y el hijo de un virrey. La rana le pide al hijo
del virrey que cumpla con una promesa a cambio de
un favor que le hace. El hijo acepta, pero luego parte
rpidamente sin cumplir su promesa. Usar estas pistas
y seguir leyendo para
descubrir el tema del
cuento.

Destrezas de la
semana
Comprensin: tema
Vocabulario: analoga:
sinonimos y antonimos
Ortografa/Fontica:
plurales

Cuidado con el plural! Te voy a decir el singular

de cada una de las palabras de la lista. T tienes que
deletrear el plural de cada una.

Nombre
189

Dales un tema!
TV Show

Vamos a pensar en un libro, conversacin, programa

de televisin o artculo de peridico que tengan temas.
Hablemos sobre ellos y hagamos algunas anotaciones en
estas pginas.

Book

190

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conversation

Newspaper Article

Summarize

Clue

Use a Theme Chart to record details and

a theme from the play. Then summarize
the play.

Clue
Clue

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

The Dragons
Dinner
by Rebecca Motil illustrated by Liz Callen

Theme

Think and Compare

Table of Contents

1. Think about the ending of the play.

What lesson does the Knight learn
about his behavior? Explain. (Theme)
2. The Queen gets cranky when she is hungry.
do to feel better? (Synthesize)
3. Why does the Queen cause such a commotion
when she looks for her missing daughter? Do
people act like this when they dont get their
way? (Analyze)

20

The Dragons Dinner

What makes you cranky? Why? What do you

Scene 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Scene 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Scene 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Scene 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Scene 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Setting:

The play is set in a distant land in Europe, in

a time when dragons lived and the countries
were ruled by kings and queens. It takes place
in Dean Dragons keep, or home.
Players:
Dean Dragon, a vegetarian dragon
Matthew, an 11-year-old boy and Deans sidekick
Princess Priscilla, a woman in her late teens
Knight Never-Do-Well, a man in his twenties
Queen Quintina, Princess Priscillas mother
King Kaspar, Princess Priscillas father
Extras: members of the King and Queens
Court, including Knights, a Jester, and Ladies and
Gentlemen of the Court

[In the garden, Dean Dragon and Matthew

are pulling carrots out of the ground and
placing them in baskets, along with lettuce
and other vegetables. Princess Priscilla is
tied to a tree, struggling with her bonds.
Dean and Matthew havent noticed her yet.]

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Scene 1

but I think well be going now. Princess

Priscilla? Queen Quintina? Lets go!
Princess Priscilla: (standing up) Here I am,

ropes) Help! Somebody, please save me!

The Dragons Dinner

Matthew. Im making my specialty, Dean

Dragons Stew.

Princess Priscilla: (still struggling against the

breakfast. But my cousin Drusilla Dragon

is coming to visit today. And she loves
meat. (He grins.) Humans are her favorite.
King Kaspar: (jumping to his feet) Thank you,

Dean Dragon: Tonight well dine well,

Matthew: (grinning) Thats my favorite!

Dean Dragon: Youre welcome to stay for

Father. (She curtsies to Dean.) Thank you

for rescuing me, Dean. If there is ever
anything I can do for you, please call.
(to Matthew, who is now standing next to
Dean) And you, too, Matthew.
Dean Dragon: (bows) Youre most welcome,

Princess. We bid you farewell.

[Dean and Matthew wave goodbye to their
guests. Then they collapse into chairs.]
Dean Dragon: Well, Matthew, theyre gone

at last. What do you say to a nice simple

salad for dinner tonight?
Matthew: Ill wash the lettuce if you chop

the carrots!

The End

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Dean Dragon: (sighing) Dont tell me. Not

another Princess!
Matthew: Im afraid so.
Dean Dragon: Well, I suppose well have to

rescue her.
Matthew: Yes, sir.

[Matthew hurries over to Priscilla, while

Dean walks slowly behind.]

[Dean Dragons garden, the next day. Dean,

Matthew, and their guests are sleeping in
various places around the garden.]
Dean Dragon: (waking up and surveying the

crowd, exasperated) Ill never get rid of all

these people. Its enough to make me start
eating meat. (smiles a nasty smile) Hmmm.
That gives me an idea.
[The guests start to wake up.]
King Kaspar: (sitting up and patting his

stomach) Dean Dragon, I must say that

was a delicious stew. But Im hungry
again. Whats for breakfast?

18

Princess Priscilla: (standing tall and proud)

The Dragons Dinner

Scene 5

Who are you?

Matthew: Im Matthew and thats Dean

Dragon.
Princess Priscilla: (looks past Matthew and

speaks to Dean, still proud) I suppose

youre here to eat me. Well, hurry up.
Matthew: (indignant) He is not! Were here

to rescue you.
Princess Priscilla: Rescue me?
Matthew: Rescue you. Dean doesnt eat

people. As a matter of fact, he doesnt eat

meat at all. Hes a vegetarian.

Dean) A vegetarian dragon?

Dean Dragon: (bows deeply to Priscilla) At

your service, Princess.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Princess Priscilla: (stares at Matthew, then at

Princess Priscilla: (nods her head regally)

exits the stage running.)

I missed my supper. Im famished.

Dean Dragon: Of course. Youre invited to

The Dragons Dinner

and shakes hands with Matthew and Dean

Dragon) Thank you. I thought today was
my last day on Earth. After that Knight
dragged me up here and

Knight Never-Do-Well: (gulps) Yes, sir. (He

King Kaspar: It was a long ride up here, and

Matthew: Ill do it. (He steps forward and

Princess Priscilla: (steps away from the tree

Ill have Queen Quintina throw you out!

Dean Dragon: Well, thats settled then.

How nice to meet you. (She lifts her hands

a bit to show she is still tied to the tree.)
Now if someone would be kind enough to
untie me?
unties Priscilla.)

King Kaspar: (roaring) Leave this instant! Or

dinner. And the whole Court as well.

Theres enough vegetable stew for everyone.
King Kaspar: Everyone knows that vegetable

stew is your specialty. I accept, and thank

you. (He bows to Dean Dragon.)
The Kings Court: Hurray!

[The scene ends with everyone setting up

more chairs, bringing out more food, and
settling down to eat.]

17

Return the Queen and Princess to me this

instant, or Ill run you through!
Dean Dragon: (sighs) Youd better put another

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

King Kaspar: (waving his sword in the air)

kettle of stew on, Matthew. (to the King)

Welcome. I believe you are King Kaspar?
Princess Priscilla: (stepping forward) Father,

the dragon saved me. It was Knight NeverDo-Well who kidnapped me.

to the ground in front of the King) Please

forgive me. I thought that if I could rescue
the Princess from the dragon, then you
would make me First Knight.
King Kaspar: (roaring) You kidnapped the

Princess and left her in the dragons

garden! Im not going to make you First
Knight! Im going to banish you. Begone! If
you set foot in this kingdom again, I will
throw you in the dungeon!
Knight Never-Do-Well: (standing up) But

16

Well. He thought he could tie me up, then

rescue me from the dragons clutches. (She
smiles at Dean.) That would be you, Dean.
(She continues.) He thought my father, the
King, would be so grateful that he would
be made First Knight.
every month or so.

The Dragons Dinner

Knight Never-Do-Well: (throwing himself

Princess Priscilla: Yes. Knight Never-Do-

Dean Dragon: Dont worry. This happens

King Kaspar: (dropping the sword) He did?

Why would he do that?

Dean Dragon: A Knight tied you to the tree?

Matthew: That Knight sounds selfish to me.

What if Dean had eaten you first?

Priscilla: I suppose he knows that Dean is a

vegetarian.
Matthew: Hmmph. I still think it was a

dangerous plan.
Dean Dragon: Never mind all that. Were

making a vegetable stew, my dear. Would

you care to stay for dinner?
Priscilla: (smiles cheerfully) I would be happy

to join you.
[Exit Dean, Matthew, and Princess
Priscilla.]

[Dean Dragons kitchen. Matthew is

struggling to light a fire with a match
under a cauldron of stew. Dean Dragon
steps up and lights it with his dragon
breath. Priscilla uses a large wooden spoon
to stir the stew, while Matthew starts
chopping carrots.]

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Scene 2

(She grabs the Knight by the ear.) You

kidnapped my daughter, did you?
Knight Never-Do-Well: (struggling to get

away, but held by the Queens grasp on his

ear) Yes, butbut I can explain!

delicious.

The Dragons Dinner

Matthew: Wait until its finished. Its

Do-Well. He tied me to a tree and left me

for the dragon. Lucky for me that Dean
Dragon doesnt eat meat.
Queen Quintina: (gasps) How dare he!

Princess Priscilla: (inhaling a spoonful of

stew with a look of pleasure) Mmm. That

smells good already.

Princess Priscilla: That sneaky Knight Never-

[A trumpet sounds as King Kaspar and

his Court ride into Dean Dragons garden.
Everyone stops what theyre doing to turn
to the King. Queen Quintina keeps hold of
the Knights ear though.]

15

[Dean Dragons garden. Chairs and a table

are set up for dinner. Dean, Matthew, the
Princess, the Knight, and the Queen are
carrying plates and food out to the table.]

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Scene 4

Queen Quintina: (setting out the plates) My,

the stew smells heavenly.

Princess Priscilla: Yes, Mother. But dont you

Queen Quintina: Dont worry. When I left

he was taking a nap. He probably hasnt

even noticed were gone. That reminds me
why are you here, anyway?

The Dragons Dinner

think Father will be worried about us?

Dean Dragon: (smiling) My vegetable stew

is good, if I do say so myself. Its famous

among dragons.
Princess Priscilla: I can see why. (She smiles

at Dean, then goes back to stirring the

stew.) Id like to get my hands on that
Knight Never-Do-Well. He woke me up in
the middle of the night and told me that
my family was in danger. So of course I
came. Then when we got here, he tied me
to the tree and told me not to worry, hed
be back to rescue me soon. Id like to take
a can opener to that shiny armor of his.
Matthew: Dont worry. If he shows up here,

Dean Dragon will fix him.

[Knight Never-Do-Well can be heard
shouting for the Princess from offstage. He
runs into the kitchen with his sword out.
The Princess keeps her back to the Knight
and continues to stir the stew.]
Dean Dragon: Let me guess. Youre the brave

Knight whos here to rescue the Princess.

Knight Never-Do-Well: (waves the sword

around) Let her go or Ill run you through!

14

face the Knight, still holding the spoon)

How dare you show up here, you
bumbling idiot! You left me in the garden
to be eaten by the dragon!

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Princess Priscilla: (turns from the stew to

Knight Never-Do-Well: (gives the princess a

tentative smile) Uh, sorry.

Dean Dragon: Very well. But we still need

Princess Priscilla: (walks toward the Knight

with the spoon raised) I should

(He takes the spoon from her hand.) I
know youre angry, but I have an idea.
Knight Never-Do-Well: Uh-oh. (He starts

to walk backward slowly.) IIll just go

home now.
[Princess Priscilla watches, still angry. Her
arms are crossed. Shes tapping her foot.]
Dean Dragon: (puts a claw on the Knights

arm) Not so fast. I want you to stay for

dinner.
Knight Never-Do-Well: (loudly) No! No!

Please. I know what dragons eat for

dinner. And it rhymes with night.

The Dragons Dinner

Dean Dragon: Uh, Princess? Settle down.

dessert. (He hands her a basket.) Why

dont you go into the garden and pick
some raspberries?
Queen Quintina: (takes the basket and looks

at it with surprise) Pick raspberries? Me?

The Queen? (She gives a cheerful smile.)
Why not? It will be fun. I remember
picking berries with my brother when I
was a small girl. We always ate more than
we picked. (She walks happily toward the
garden, and exits the stage.)
Princess Priscilla: (stares after the Queen,

her mouth open in surprise) You gave my

mother a kitchen chore? Ive never seen
her do anything in the kitchen.
Matthew: (smiles) Dean Dragon has a way

with women.

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

woman! Your daughter is unharmed, as

you can see.

Dragon) Oh, dear. Mother always gets

cranky when shes hungry. Why dont we
invite her to dinner?
Dean Dragon: (sighs, then nods his head

yes. He bows to Queen Quintina.)

Madam, would you like to stay for dinner?
I promise I have no plans to gobble up
either you or your daughter.

[Dean Dragon steps toward the Knight.]

Knight Never-Do-Well: (steps back) Yes, sir.

The Dragons Dinner

Princess Priscilla: (in an aside to Dean

Hes not the sharpest Knight in the kitchen,

is he? (to the Knight, in a stern voice) You
deserve to be eaten, but I wouldnt ruin my
stew with the likes of you. Youre going to
help cook instead. Here, chop these. (He
hands the Knight a basket of parsnips.)
Knight Never-Do-Well: But Knights

Dean Dragon: (with a roar) Enough! Quiet,

[The entire kitchen, including Queen

Quintina, freezes at Dean Dragons roar.]

Dean Dragon: (to Matthew and the Princess)

Anything you say, sir. But what should I

use to chop the parsnips?
Dean Dragon: Your sword, of course.

[The scene ends with the Knight glumly

using his sword to chop parsnips.]

Queen Quintina: (relaxes and smiles back)

Actually, I am kind of hungry. It was a

long walk up here, you know.

12

[Dean Dragons kitchen, later the same day.

Everyone but Dean Dragon is still busy
preparing dinnerchopping, stirring, and
getting out plates, cups, and silverware.
Dean Dragon is offstage. Enter a very
angry Queen Quintina, swinging a big
purse and shouting.]

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Scene 3

Princess Priscilla: (hurries to the Queen)

The Dragons Dinner

there, dragon! Where is my daughter? If

youve harmed even a hair on her head,
Ill (She swings her purse at Dean
Dragon, who ducks.)

Princess Priscilla: (grabs the Queens purse as

Queen Quintina: (gives Dean a suspicious

Dean Dragon: (walks on stage, yawning)

Queen Quintina: (sees Dean Dragon) You

so worried. (She turns back to Dean.) But

Im still going to kill this dragon!
the Queen tries to hit Dean again) Mother,
calm down. Im okay. The dragon rescued
me. He invited me to dinner.

Queen Quintina: Wheres my daughter?

Whats all the commotion? I was trying to

take a nap!

Queen Quintina: (smiling) Oh, darling, I was

look) He did? Oh, I get it. He invites you

to dinner, and then he gobbles you up
for dessert! (She tugs on her purse and
manages to pull it away from Princess
Priscilla. She takes another swing at Dean.)

Mother, Im okay. Im right here.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
barbecue

collage

glorious

skyscrapers

strutting

swarms
(fold here)

Test Me Look at each word and give me a clue to what

it is. If I dont know the word, give me another clue.
Lets see how many clues it takes me to say the word.

SPELLING WORDS
lookout

campre

overhead waterproof grandparent

newborn

bookcase bedroom

blindfold

yourself

railroad

snowstorm

bedspread overdo

backyard

desktop

undertake

clothesline loudspeaker

Match the Parts Ill give you just one part of a

compound word. Lets see if you can name the missing
word in the compound and spell the entire word.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

shbowl

This week were reading Me

and Uncle Romie. Its about a
boy named James who goes to
spend the summer with his aunt
and uncle in New York City. When
James meets his aunt, I can tell by
all the places she takes him and
from the things she says that she
is a nice woman. I dont know
anything about Uncle Romie yet,
but Im sure in a while what he
says and does will tell me what
kind of man he is.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: character,
setting, and plot
Vocabulary: context clues
denitions and examples
Spelling/Phonics: compound words

Name
201

Dear Diary
Youve loved dinosaurs your entire life, so when
youre invited on a summer dinosaur dig, you
jump at the chance. You are with a small group of
paleontologists in a desert, and you share a tent
with two other young people. It is very hot and you
tire easily. You carefully dig hour after hour, but
nd nothing.

Suppose you are in a new place with a person you do not

know. Lets read about each location and the person youre
going to be there with. We can make up that character.
What kind of person is this? How does he or she show that?
What would she do? What would he say?

202

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Youve been chosen to join a

group of students on a
trip to a Central American
rain forest. Youll spend
your summer exploring the
plants and animals that
live there. Mr. Tanner will
be your leader. When
you get to the forest
you are amazed at how
green and beautiful
it is. However, it rains
every day, and soon you
and everything you own
are damp. You complain to
Mr. Tanner.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
barbecue

collage

glorious

skyscrapers

strutting

swarms

shbowl

lookout

campre

overhead waterproof grandparent

newborn

bookcase bedroom

blindfold

yourself

railroad

snowstorm

bedspread overdo

backyard

desktop

undertake

clothesline loudspeaker

Una parte y la otra Te voy a dar slo una parte de una

palabra compuesta. Vamos a ver si puedes decirme la
palabra que falta y luego deletrear la palabra completa.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Ponme a prueba Mira cada palabra y dame una pista

para indicarme qu es. Si no s de qu palabra se trata,
debes darme otra pista. Vamos a ver cuntas pistas
necesito hasta descubrir cul es la palabra.

Esta semana estamos leyendo

Me and Uncle Romie. Se trata de
un nio llamado James que va
a pasar el verano con su ta y su
to en la ciudad de Nueva York.
Cuando James conoce a su ta, por
los lugares adonde ella lo lleva y
por lo que le dice, puedo ver que
es una buena mujer. No s nada
sobre el to Ramie todava, pero
con toda seguridad lo que l diga
y haga me va a indicar qu clase
de hombre es.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: personaje,
ambiente y argumento
Vocabulario: claves del contexto
deniciones y ejemplos
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras compuestas

Nombre
203

Querido diario
Youve loved dinosaurs your entire life, so when
youre invited on a summer dinosaur dig, you
jump at the chance. You are with a small group of
paleontologists in a desert, and you share a tent
with two other young people. It is very hot and you
tire easily. You carefully dig hour after hour, but
nd nothing.

Supn que ests en un lugar nuevo con una persona que no

conoces. Leamos sobre cada lugar y la persona con la que
estars. Podemos crear ese personaje. Qu clase de persona
es? Cmo lo demuestra? Qu hace esa persona? Qu dice?

204

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Youve been chosen to join a group

of students on a
trip to a Central American
rain forest. Youll spend
your summer exploring the
plants and animals that
live there. Mr. Tanner will
be your leader. When
you get to the forest
you are amazed at how
green and beautiful it is.
However, it rains every
day, and soon you and
everything you own are
damp. You complain to
Mr. Tanner.

Summarize

Setting

Use a graphic organizer to

Event

Characters
Reaction

Event

Characters
Reaction

Event

Characters
Reaction

record information from the

book. Then use the information
to summarize the story.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Beautiful
or Not
by Kirsten Anderson
illustrated by Matthew Archambault

Think and Compare

1. Look back at page 14. How does Carly change
as she tries to figure out the secret of the
photographs? Where does this take place?

2. Carly enjoyed photographing the sights around

Fort Peck Lake. If you were taking pictures
of Fort Peck Lake, which subjects would you
photograph? Why? (Apply)
3. Look at the Margaret Bourke-White photographs
in Chapter 3. How do photographs sometimes
make ordinary things look glorious? (Evaluate)

20

Beautiful or Not

(Analyze Character, Setting, and Plot)

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
The Perfect Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 2
A Tip from a Visitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter 3
Learning from the Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Chapter 4
The Perfect Picture, Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Carly held her breath as the broad-tailed

hummingbird fluttered near the cluster of
wildflowers. She stared into her camera,
waiting. A fly landed on Carlys arm. She
flicked it away with a finger. The bird
flew near a flower. The flower wasnt red
enough, though. Carly waited. The bird flew
to another flower. This one was too small.
Finally the bird hesitated over the largest,
reddest flower. Carly began to snap pictures.
She was certain that these would be some of
the best pictures she had ever taken.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Perfect Picture

Yes, Carly said.

They look like theyre big enough to hold
up a building. Thats good, he said.
Ugly things in dull places, Carly
reminded him.
She printed out the pictures she liked, and
pinned them next to the collage of Margaret
Bourke-White photos.

Beautiful or Not

Chapter 1

Its not what it is, I guess, Carly wrote

in her photo journal. Its how you see it.
You can see something a million different
waysand that can be better than one
beautiful way.

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Trying something new, Carly said.

When Carly went home, she uploaded
her pictures. Some werent very good.
Others definitely were different. The fishing
poles looked gigantic. The floorboards had
contrasting patches of sun and shadows. They
might have been part of a railroad track.
Carly called Brad in to look at the
pictures.
Are those fishing poles? he asked, staring
closely at one picture.

18

Beautiful or Not

What are you doing? Dad asked.

Carly raced home and uploaded the

pictures onto her computer. She couldnt wait
to see the results.
But when the pictures came up on the
screen, she was disappointed. Carly studied
them, then opened her photo journal. She
wrote: Hummingbird pictures: The birds
wings are a blur, not enough detail on flower,
bird isnt close enough to the flower in any
shot. Why arent these the way I thought
they would be?
Carly, Mom says its time for dinner.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Look at these. Carly pointed to the

computer screen.
Theyre nice, he said.

Beautiful or Not

Carlys brother Brad stood in the doorway,

drumming his fingers on the door. He played
the drums, and he practiced on everything.

Carly kept her camera out as she walked

to the store. She took pictures of cars, gates,
and the empty pathways and streets. She
took pictures of puddles and rocks, from
close up and from far away. When she got to
the store, she picked out a group of fishing
poles. She brought them out on the porch
and leaned them up against a wall. Then
she took picture after picture of them. She
went into the store and took pictures of the
counter. She knelt down on the floor and
took pictures of the floorboards.

Thats it, sighed Carly. They should be

more than nice. Its a beautiful day. The bird
is exciting and the flowers are gorgeous but
theyre just boring. Here. She handed Brad
her camera. You can have it. Im done with
photography.
Thanks, said Brad, taking the camera.

17

The Perfect Picture,

Part II

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

Carly knelt down. She took pictures of

everything. She tried different angles. She
looked for shadows and blocks of sun.

Beautiful or Not

The next morning Carly took her camera

and ran out to the front porch. The family
had been cleaning out the cellar and attic.
The whole jumble was now on the front
porch. There were games, books, lamps, and
equipment for a variety of sports. The dogs,
Rusty and Scout, slept in the middle of it all.
Carly stared at him nervously. Brad waited
a moment, then handed it back.
You quit photography almost every day,
he said. Dont worry.
I just want to take beautiful pictures of
beautiful things in wonderful places, Carly
said, shaking her head.
Maybe you should take ugly pictures of
ugly things in dull places, Brad said.
Very funny, Carly said.
Im about to feed your barbecue to Rusty
and Scout, Mom called.

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Carly looked at the hummingbird pictures

again. She had always been fascinated by
cameras and photographs. Her father had let
her take pictures with his camera as soon as
she could hold one. At first it was just fun.
She took pictures of anything. Now Carly
wanted something more.

Beautiful or Not

Brad rushed out the door.

I want to take the kinds of pictures that

make people stop and look, she thought.
Rustys eating your dinner! Brad yelled.

15

Carly cut out the Margaret Bourke-White

photographs she had found. She taped them
on a corkboard and made a collage. She
stared at them, trying to figure out the
secret.
Maybe, she wrote, great pictures arent
just about looking for beautiful things. Maybe
its looking for the beauty in everyday things
that is important.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Tip from a Visitor

Im going to the stockroom, Carly, Dad
said. Call me if you need help.
Sure, said Carly.

Beautiful or Not

The pictures that fascinated Carly the most

were some of the least glamorous. Margaret
had taken a series of pictures of a Cleveland
steel factory in the late 1920s. It wasnt a
particularly exciting subjectit was just the
factory at work. Still, Carly loved the pictures,
especially the one of a giant ladle pouring
liquid steel. The light, shadows, and bigness
of everything made it all seem somewhat
glorious.

Chapter 2

Carlys family lived near Fort Peck Lake in

Montana. Her parents owned a fishing tackle
and camping supply store. During the busy
summer season, swarms of tourists came to
fish at the lake and camp in the Charles M.
Russell National Wildlife Refuge. Carly and
Brad helped their parents in the store.

Carly looked back at the collage and

smiled. She was ready to start over.

14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
8

Beautiful or Not

Carly loved talking to visitors about the

area. Fort Peck Lake was so big that she
couldnt see where it ended. Ducks skimmed
across the surface of the lake. Geese strutting
along the shore were a regular sight.
Kingfishers sat on the rocks at the waters
edge. In the forested areas, Carly saw deer,
raccoons, owls, and even foxes. She spent
hours looking for subjects for her pictures.
Each season everything changed, and she was
never bored.

Carly searched for other Margaret

Bourke-White pictures. Many were of things
that Carly wouldnt usually have found very
interesting: ordinary bridges, towers, buildings.
But these pictures caught her attention
somehow.
Maybe its that theyre in black and
white, Carly wrote. She looked at some
of her own pictures on her computer. She
changed them from color to black and white,
but they looked pale and faded. That wasnt
the answer.

13

Learning from
the Past

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

Carly wrote in her photo journal: It

isnt that the dam is beautiful. I think it
has something to do with the angle of the
picture. Maybe its the clouds. Did she wait
for the perfect day, with the perfect piece of
sky, to take the pictures?

12

Beautiful or Not

When Carly got home that afternoon, she

looked online for the Fort Peck Dam picture.
She printed it and looked at it closely.

Carly had visited her cousins in Seattle

many times. The streets were filled with cars,
and the houses were close together. Carly
wondered what it must be like in Chicago
or New York, where people were packed into
apartment buildings, and skyscrapers blocked
the sun. She looked at pictures of cities,
and thought the big, gray buildings were
dull. Carly thought it must be hard to be a
photographer in the city.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A young couple came into the store. The

man went to get some batteries. The woman
told her that they were on their way to Fort
Peck Dam. The dam had been built in the
1930s. It had blocked off the Missouri River,
creating Fort Peck Lake.
Carly made a face. Really? The dams
pretty boring.
Oh, not at all! the woman said. Look.

Carly looked at the photograph. She had

never seen the dam like this before. It looked
like a giant castle. Its towers seemed to brush
the clouds in the sky. At the bottom of the
picture were two tiny figures. They made the
dam look even bigger and more impressive.

Beautiful or Not

She pulled a magazine out of her knapsack.

She opened it and handed it to Carly.

Who took this? Carly asked.

Margaret Bourke-White, said the woman.
Its from 1936.
Carly looked at the picture again, and
wrote the photographers name on a slip of
paper. She couldnt wait to find out more
about the photographer.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
acquaintance

eavesdropping

jumble

logical

scornfully

route

mixed

road

listening

friend

making sense

with disrespect

tasted

ripping

ipping

tapped

forced

scared

agged

ripped

tapping

saved

skipping

agging

forcing

discussing

ipped

skipped

scaring

tasting

discussed

saving

Whats the Rule? Ill read a word and ask you

to spell it. Then you can tell me the rule for adding ed
and ing.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

Fill in the Blanks Ill give you words that mean the
same as the words above. Can you give me the word?

This week were reading The Cricket in Times Square.

Its a fantasy about a mouse and a cricket who meet up
in New York City. The cricket is from Connecticut, but
gets trapped in a picnic basket and
is carried to New York. The
mouse befriends him. A
theme is an overall message
from an author. I think
the theme of this book
might be that strangers
can become friends and
help one another.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: theme
Vocabulary: context cluesparagraph clues
Spelling/Phonics: words ending in ed or ing

Name

215

So This Is the City!

So This Is the Country!

Can we put ourselves in the shoes of a country cricket new to

a big city? What would things look like? How would we feel?
Lets write a letter from a cricket to a friend in the country
telling about life in the city.

Can we put ourselves in the shoes of a city mouse new to

the country? What would things look like? How would we
feel? Lets write a letter from the mouse to a friend in the
city telling about life in the country.

216

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
acquaintance

eavesdropping

jumble

logical

scornfully

route

mixed

road

listening

friend

making sense

with disrespect

tasted

ripping

ipping

tapped

forced

scared

agged

ripped

tapping

saved

skipping

agging

forcing

discussing

ipped

skipped

scaring

tasting

discussed

saving

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Correspondencias Te dir palabras que signican lo

mismo que las de la lista anterior. Cul es la palabra?

Esta semana estamos leyendo The Cricket in Times

Square. Es un cuento fantstico sobre un ratn y un
grillo que se encuentran en la ciudad de Nueva York. El
grillo es de Connecticut, pero queda
atrapado en un cesto de picnic y
va a parar a la ciudad. El ratn
le ofrece su amistad. Un
tema es un mensaje que
quiere transmitir un autor.
Probablemente el tema
de este libro sea que los
extraos pueden hacerse
amigos y ayudarse
entre s.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: tema
Vocabulario: claves de contexto claves del prrafo
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras que terminan en ed o ing

Cul es la regla? Voy a leer cada palabra y a pedirte

que la deletrees. Despus me puedes decir cul es la
regla para agregar ed e ing al nal.

Nombre
217

As que esta es la ciudad!

As que este es el campo!

Podemos ponernos en el lugar de un grillo de campo, recin

llegado a la gran ciudad? Cmo nos parecera todo? Cmo
nos sentiramos? Vamos a escribir una carta que el grillo le
enva a un amigo del campo contndole sobre la vida en la
ciudad.

Podemos ponernos en el lugar de un ratn de ciudad,

recin llegado al campo? Cmo nos parecera todo? Cmo
nos sentiramos? Vamos a escribir una carta que el ratn le
enva a un amigo de la ciudad contndole sobre la vida en
el campo.

218

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Summarize

Clue

Use a Theme Map to record clues

about the theme of the story. Then
use the information in the map to

Clue

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Clue

summarize the story.

Theme

The
Tiger-Stripe
Potion
by Rebecca Motil
illustrated by Elizabeth Sayles

Think and Compare

1. Look back at page 18. What did Asha

2. Asha was afraid that Kartik would hurt her

because he was a tiger. Think about a time
you judged a person based on how he or she
looked. Were you correct? Explain. (Analyze)
3. Is it right for people to wear fur coats?
Why or why not? (Synthesize)

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

learn about tigers? (Analyze Theme)

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Leopard in the Cave . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2 The Tiger in the Forest . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3 The Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Chapter 4 Home Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
20

The Leopard
in the Cave

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

Stripes raised his eyes and blinked at Jani.

He was a lovely striped cat. Jani thought he
looked like a little tiger. She picked the cat
up. She sat with him on a chair, stroking his
head. Youll never believe what we learned in
school today, she told Stripes.
Stripes looked up at her with wise green
eyes. People used to make leopard-skin
coats, she told him. Some people still do. A
coat made from a cat, Stripes. It makes me
so mad!
Jani could not be sure, but she thought
that Stripes scrunched up his nose in disgust.

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Gee, am I glad to see you, Stripes! Jani

said. She dropped her schoolbooks on the
kitchen table. I miss you when Im gone
all day.

Jani gave Asha a hug. She said goodbye

to the other leopards. Then Jani walked into
the cave. She could see her bedroom in the
distance. It looked as if it were behind a
curtain of gray fog.
Jani walked through the fog and back into
her bedroom. The clock said midnight. Shed
been gone only five minutes! She looked at
Stripes. Was I really there? she asked. Or
was it all a dream?
Stripes just gave her a quiet cat-smile.

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The leopards purred their thanks to Jani.

She put out a hand and softly rubbed each
leopards head. You have beautiful fur, she
said. It belongs on you, not as part of a
humans coat.

Asha smiled. Youre not so bad either, for

a striped cat. If you ever need my assistance,
I would be honored to help you.
As a friend, Kartik said.
Yes, Asha said. As a friend. The two
cats rubbed heads, and then Kartik walked
off into the forest. Asha watched him go,
then sighed wistfully. I hope to see you
soon, friend, she whispered. She walked back
to the other leopards.

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Meanwhile, Asha and Kartik walked a

little way into the forest. Kartik said, Youre
not so bad, for a spotted cat.

That night, Jani fell into a restless sleep.

She tossed and turned. She dreamed about
animals who could talk. In her dream
she hid nearby, eavesdropping on their
conversation. The animals were in danger.
And they needed help. Suddenly she woke up.
It was almost midnight, but there was a light
in her room. Whos there? she asked.

After Asha had returned, Jani said, I

must go home. My family will be worried.
Ashas mother nodded. Perhaps you will
visit us again someday.
I hope so, Jani said. I really hope so.

18

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

As her eyes adjusted to the dark, Jani

caught her breath. She was in some kind of
science lab. Jani shook her head. I must be
dreaming, she whispered. She put a hand out
and touched a metal table. She was definitely
not in her own room anymore.

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

There was no reply. The light glowed in

the distance. Jani glanced at the clock. It
was 11:55 p.m. She looked at the light again.
Why did it seem so far away? She climbed
out of bed. Instead of her soft rug, the floor
was cold beneath her feet. Jani slowly walked
toward the light.

Kartik bowed his head. Youre welcome.

The leopards turned to Jani. Is this
another friend? asked Ashas sister.
Yes, Asha said. This is Jani. We owe
her our thanks, too. She made the potion
that I used to save you.

17

Home Again
Were safe! Asha turned to her mother
and sister and licked their faces happily.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

Thank you, my daughter. Ashas mother

rubbed her cheek against Ashas.

Hurry, said Kartik. We cant rest here.

The guards will be after us soon.
Jani and the leopards nodded. They
followed Kartik deep into the forest.
When they were almost to the scientists cave,
they stopped.
Ashas mother looked at Kartik. I owe
you thanks, tiger, she said.
Youre welcome.
This is Kartik, Asha said. He is an
acquaintance of mine. No, he is a friend.
Ashas mother smiled. Thank you again,
Ashas friend.

16

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Asha purred and purred. I missed you

both, she said.

Jani stopped. This is a dream, she told

herself. So I may as well find out whats
going on.
When Jani reached the light, she saw a
leopard sitting on the floor. The leopards
head hung sadly. Whats the matter? Jani
asked. She didnt expect an answer. After
all, leopards cant talk. But then, this was a
dream, wasnt it?
The leopard raised her head. My mother
and sister have been kidnapped, the leopard
said. The people who took them will kill
them for their fur. Tomorrow they will die. I
have lost hope.
Jani sat down next to the leopard and
stroked her back. We have to do something.
The leopard sighed. The scientist in
this lab invented a potion. The potion turns
leopard spots into tiger stripes. That is why
I am here. But the scientist is gone. She will
return next week. But by then, Im afraid, it
will be too late!

Because the poachers only want leopard

skins, not tiger skins, the leopard replied. If
they think my mother and sister are tigers,
they might let them go.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Why would you want to make them look

like tigers? Jani asked.

I dont know, the leopard said.

Well, lets look. Jani stood up. Whats
your name, anyway?
Asha.
Asha. Thats pretty. Im Jani. Lets look in
the scientists notebook. Maybe she wrote the
directions in there.
Thats logical. Asha stood up. She had a
hopeful look on her face. The notebook is
on that table over there. She walked toward
the notebook and pushed it with her nose.

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Jani looked around. Did the scientist leave

directions for making the potion?

The guard came running back with three

other guards. They chased the cats and Jani
through the marketplace. People scurried
to get out of their way. Carts of food and
other goods were knocked over. The jumble
of villagers, police officers, food, baskets, and
animals allowed the cats and Jani to escape.
Jani paused to catch her breath. She
realized they had reached the forest just in
time. The five leopards were already showing
their spots again.

Jani opened the notebook and turned a

few pages. She smiled. Here is the potion!

15

Kartik just smiled. The guard turned and

ran away. Jani poured the potion into a bowl
for Ashas mother, sister, and the other two
leopards. Quick, Asha said. Drink this
potion. It will make you look like tigers so
you can escape.
The four leopards lapped up the potion.
They were amazed to see their spots turning
into stripes. But what do we do now, Asha?
asked her mother. We are still locked up in
this cage.
Asha thought fast. Then she ran after the
guard. Asha snatched the key where it hung
from the guards belt. She ran back and gave
the key to Jani. Jani unlocked the cage as
fast as she could. The four cats ran out of
the cage and down the road. The others were
close behind.

14

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Then Jani frowned. There is only one

problem, she said. The potion wears off
after 15 minutes. Well have to be quick.
I understand, said Asha. Please, lets
hurry.
Jani put on the scientists coat and safety
glasses. Then she found the ingredients for
the potion on a shelf. Half an hour later, she
lifted a bottle of potion. Its ready!

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Asha took the potion. Her spots changed

to stripes again. Then Asha, Kartik, and
Jani walked to the cage without any trouble.
Kartik strolled up to the guard and smiled.
He had a mouthful of sharp teeth. The guard
backed away. Go back to the forest, tiger, he
said nervously.

Thank you! Asha said. We must wait

until it is light out. Then I will follow the
route to the village where my mother and
sister are being held captive.
Im going with you, said Jani.
You may need my help.
Asha smiled. Thank you.
I have a feeling you will be
helpful.

The Tiger
in the Forest

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

Jani and the leopard walked through a

dark forest with tall, green trees. Asha said
that they were in India. It was hot and dry.
They came to a small stream. Jani knelt to
take a long drink of water. Asha lapped water
beside her.
Suddenly, they heard a scuffling sound
behind them. Asha and Jani spun around
just in time to see two men running through
the trees toward them. One of the men was
waving a large net.
Quick! Asha said. Give me the potion.
Jani pulled the tiger-stripe potion from her
backpack. Then she gave Asha a small sip.
Jani stood tall as the poachers ran toward
her. Then she put her hands on her hips.

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Morning came. Jani bottled the potion

tightly. She slipped the bottle into her
backpack. Then Jani and Asha set out for the
village to find Ashas mother and sister.

Ill walk with you, Jani said. You can

pretend that you belong to me. That way you
can walk right up to the cages.
Kartik nodded. Its a good plan, he said.
I think it will work.

13

After a long, hard walk, Asha, Kartik, and

Jani reached the forests edge. The road into
the village lay before them. Asha, Kartik, and
Jani looked down the road. They could see
four leopards in a cage behind a guard.
Thats them! cried Asha. Thats my
mother and sister. And my mothers two best
friends.
Kartik stared at the people walking on
the village streets. Do you have a plan?
the tiger asked.
Yes, said Asha. Heres my plan. Ill
drink the potion so that I look like a tiger
too. Then you can keep the guard busy while
I give the potion to my mother and sister.
I hope theres enough to give some to those
other poor leopards too.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Rescue

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Chapter 3

What do you want? she asked the men

scornfully.
We arent going to hurt you, one of the
men said. We just want that leopard.
Jani looked around. What leopard?
That leopard. The man pointed, then
stopped. Where Asha had sat, there was
now a striped tiger. The man blinked. We
thought we saw a leopard.
Maybe you need eyeglasses, Jani said.
Theres no leopard around here.

12

The two friends ran through the forest.

Suddenly, a large tiger appeared on the path
before them. Asha and Jani screeched to a
halt. They fell down in a jumble of animal
paws and human legs. The tiger stood over
them. Jani swallowed hard and said, Uh,
nice kitty
The tiger ignored her to look at Asha.
Im Kartik. I dont think Ive ever seen you
here before.
No, said Asha. She swished her tail at
him. Then she looked down at her legs.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Yes, said Asha. Lets get out of here

before I change back into a leopard.

The tiger stripes were changing back to

leopard spots. Asha looked up at Kartik. She
had heard that tigers did not like leopards.
Her mother always said, Stripes and spots
never mix. Now Asha said, Uh-oh.
Youre a leopard! Kartik said. A
surprised look appeared on his furry face.
Yes, Asha said. Youre not going to hurt
us, are you?

The Tiger-Stripe Potion

Whew, said Jani after the men left.

That was a close call.

No. But what are you doing here in my

forest?
Asha explained that she was on her way
to rescue her family from poachers. They
want to make my mother and sister into
coats, she said.
Very well, Kartik said. I will show you
the fastest way to the village. No tigers will
bother you as long as Im with you. And
then I will help you with the rescue.
Thank you, Asha said. I didnt know
tigers could be kind to leopards.
The three of them set off together.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
prehistoric

communication

investigates

territory

nutrients

solitary

funnier

families

varied

marries

carries

easily

silliest

jumpier

emptier

merrier

pennies

cozily

sorriest

lazier

happiest

dizziest

worried

replied

applied

prettily

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

Look Out Lets choose one of the words as the subject

of a book we want to write. We can talk about what we
want to say in the book, using the words above. Well
try to use description when we talk about our book.

This week were reading The Life and Times of

the Ant. Its a nonction piece about the insects. Im
learning a lot of facts about ants. I never knew
they were such fascinating insects.
I really like the way the author
describes how the ants work
and what their homes look
like. As I read Ill look for
more description because
it helps me better
understand the subject.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: description
Vocabulary: Greek and Latin roots
Spelling/Phonics: words with y that change to i

Spelling Change Ill read a base word and tell you the
ending I want. For example, I might say story with the
ending s. You would tell me the word is stories.

Name
229

Take a Look
Description makes writing come alive. Lets look at each
picture and talk about how we would describe each one.
What do they look like? What are they doing? Where are
they? We can decide just what we want to describe, and we
can make a few notes about our description.

230

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
prehistoric

communication

investigates

territory

nutrients

solitary

funnier

families

varied

marries

carries

easily

silliest

jumpier

emptier

merrier

pennies

cozily

sorriest

lazier

happiest

dizziest

worried

replied

applied

prettily

Terminaciones variadas Te voy a leer una palabra

base y a decirte cul es la terminacin que quiero. Por
ejemplo, si yo te digo story con la terminacin s, t
debes decirme que la palabra es stories.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Cuidado! Vamos a escoger una de las palabras de

arriba como tema de un libro. Podemos usar el resto de
las palabras para hablar sobre el libro. Vamos a tratar de
emplear descripciones cuando hablemos sobre nuestro
libro.

Esta semana estamos leyendo The Life and Times of

the Ant. Es una obra de no ccin sobre las hormigas.
Estoy aprendiendo muchas cosas sobre esos insectos.
No saba que eran tan fascinantes.
Realmente me gusta la manera
en que el autor describe
cmo trabajan las
hormigas y cmo son los
lugares donde habitan. A
medida que lea buscar
ms descripciones, porque
eso me ayuda a entender
mejor el tema.

Destrezas de
la semana
Comprensin: descripcin
Vocabulario: races del griego y latn
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con y que cambian a i

Nombre

231

Mira con atencin

La descripcin hace que un texto cobre vida. Vamos a mirar
cada ilustracin y a hablar de cmo las describiramos. Qu
apariencia tienen? Qu estn haciendo los personajes?
Dnde estn? Podemos decidir qu es lo que queremos
describir y tomar algunas notas de nuestra descripcin.

232

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Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week we are reading Energy. Its a series of

articles that tell about the ways we use energy. There
are a lot of facts presented that point out the need
for people to conserve and use energy wisely. Thats
the point I think the authors want to get across. Their
purpose is to persuade people that energy conservation
is important.

WORDS TO KNOW
decayed

electrical

fuels

globe

(fold here)

Matching Phrase Ill give you one or two words that

describe one of the vocabulary words. Then you tell me
what the vocabulary word is. For example, if the word
were palace, I might say mansion.

SPELLING WORDS
food

tunes

move

used

mood

brooks

crew

spool

stool

stew

suits

grew

group

stoop

youll

should

cookie

huge

zoom

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

wool

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: authors
purpose
Vocabulary: context
clues: denitions
Spelling/Phonics: words
with the sound of u

Missing Letter Ill rewrite the spelling words leaving

out the vowels. You can ll in the correct vowels and
spell the word.

Name
243

And the Purpose Is. . .?

Lets list some details the authors might include in the
following books.

Authors Purpose: to persuade

Title of Work: Banana Skins: Healthy!
Details:

Authors Purpose: to inform

Title of Work: Music and Our Culture
Details:

Title of Work: Coming to America

Details:

244

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Authors Purpose: to pass on history

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
decayed

electrical

fuels

globe

(fold here)

Asociaciones Te voy a decir una o dos palabras que

describan una de las palabras del vocabulario. T debes
decirme de qu palabra se trata. Por ejemplo, si la
palabra fuera palace, yo podra decirte mansion.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
food

tunes

move

used

mood

brooks

crew

spool

stool

stew

suits

grew

group

stoop

youll

should

cookie

huge

zoom

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

wool

Esta semana estamos leyendo Energy. Es una serie

de artculos que hablan sobre la forma en que usamos
la energa. Se presentan muchos datos que indican la
necesidad que tenemos de usar y conservar la energa
prudentemente. sa es la idea que creo que los autores
desean comunicar. El propsito de los autores es
persuadir a la gente que la conservacin de energa es
importante.

Destrezas de la
semana
Comprensin: propsito del autor
Vocabulario: claves del
contextodescripcin
Ortografa/Fontica:
palabras con el sondo
de la u

Faltan letras Voy a volver a escribir las palabras de

ortografa, pero sin las vocales. T puedes sugerir las
vocales apropiadas y deletrear la palabra.

Nombre
245

Y el propsito es...?
Hagamos una lista de algunos detalles que los autores
podran incluir en los siguientes libros.

Authors Purpose: to persuade

Title of Work: Banana Skins: Healthy!
Details:

Authors Purpose: to inform

Title of Work: Music and Our Culture
Details:

Title of Work: Coming to America

Details:

246

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Authors Purpose: to pass on history

Summarize

Clue

Clue

Clue

Use the chart to record clues

about the authors purpose.
Then summarize the book.

Authors Purpose

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

The Power
of Wind
by Manuel Alemn

Think and Compare

1. Reread pages 20 and 21. Why does the author
tell about wind energy? (Authors Purpose)
2. Would you want a wind farm in your
from the book to support your answer. (Analyze)
3. How would people around the world benefit
from having wind farms? What problems might
wind farms cause for them? (Evaluate)

The Power of Wind

neighborhood? Why or why not? Use evidence

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Sailboats and Windmills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Wind Turbines and Wind Farms . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 3
Wind Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

24

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

Index
ancient beliefs, 4

Hoover Dam, 3

blades, 1113, 16

kilowatts, 13

caves, 4
coal, 2, 20

nonrenewable resources,
2, 20

dikes, 8

oars, 8, 1011

Dutch, 89

petroleum 2, 20

electricity, 23, 1115, 1921

pollution, 23, 18, 2021

years ago. The fuels cause pollution. The fuels are

energy source, 3, 2021

sailboat, 67, 21

also nonrenewable resources. That means they will

environment, 1921

scientists, 5, 1516, 21

run out someday.

farming, 8, 18

shaft, 7, 12

fuel, 2, 1821

wind farm, 1319, 21

gasoline, 2, 20

wind turbine, 1119

generator, 1112

wind, 68, 1011, 1821

grain, 78, 10, 21

windmill, 711, 20, 21

What would happen if we didnt have electricity

or gasoline? Our cars would not run. People living in
cold places might have to burn wood to keep warm.
At night, streets and homes would be dark.
We use fuels such as petroleum and coal to run
the things we use in our lives. Those fuels come

This smoke comes from burning coal.

The smoke causes pollution.

The Power of Wind

from plants and animals that decayed millions of

high wind zones, 14

23

energy source (EN-ur-jee SAWRS) where we get

energy to make electricity, such as sun water,
and wind (page 3)
generator (JEN-uh-ray-tur) a machine that makes
electricity (page 11)

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Glossary

Can we find an energy source that wont run out

and does not pollute? We already use the power of
the sun and water to make some electricity. But did
you know that we can also use the wind?
In this book, youll learn about wind. Youll find
out how people first used the power of wind and
how we use the wind today.

kilowatt (KIL-uh-waht) one kilowatt equals 1,000

watts; one megawatt equals 1,000,000 watts.
Watts, kilowatts, and megawatts are used to
measure electricity. (page 13)

pollution (puh-LEW-shuhn) the result of putting

harmful substances into the environment (page 2)
wind farm (WIND FAHRM) a place where wind
turbines are arranged closely together to make
electricity (page 13)

Hoover Dam

The Power of Wind

nonrenewable resource (non-ri-NEW-uh-buhl

REE-sawrs) something that can only be used
once. It will eventually run out because it
cannot be used again. (page 2)

Dams use water power to make electricity.

Hoover Dam is a huge dam on the Colorado
River. It makes electricity for parts of California,
Arizona, and Nevada.

wind turbine (WIND TUR-bighn) a tall metal tower

with metal blades. It catches wind and sends the
energy to a generator that is attached to it. The
generator makes electricity. (page 11)
windmill (WIND-mil) a tall tower with oars or sails
that uses wind power to grind grain or pump
water (page 7)

22

Sailboats and
Windmills
Long ago people had their own ways to explain

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Ch a pter 1

People have used wind power for many years.

They built sailboats to travel the globe. They built
windmills to grind grain and pump water. Today
people use wind farms to make electricity.
As scientists make new discoveries, wind farms

where the wind came from. Ancient Greeks believed

will cost less. Then we will be able to make

that the wind came from caves. They said the

electricity without using fuels that pollute the earth.

weather changed when the god of wind let the

Its possible that wind energy will become our main

wind blow out of those caves.

source of energy in the future.

The Chinese believed that the wings of a dragon

god stirred up the wind. People of India said that
sailors of Finland had a god they turned to if they
wanted good winds for sailing.

The Power of Wind

a god of storms and wind brought windstorms. And

In the future, we may be able to power large cities

without polluting the environment.

Caves can be very windy. This cave in New Mexico

is one of the windiest caves of all.

21

We use electricity and gasoline to cook, heat our

homes, and power our cars. Today a lot of electricity
comes from fuels such as petroleum and coal. These
fuels are nonrenewable resources that pollute the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

What Causes Wind?

Warm air over

the land rises

environment.

Cold air
moves down

We do have other sources of energy such as sun

and water power. But the best source of energy may
be wind power. Wind power will not run out. It does

Air over land

heats up

Windmills have changed

over time.

The Power of Wind

not pollute the environment.

The movement of hot and cold air causes wind.

When scientists began to study the wind, they

found out that wind is the movement of air. But
why does air move? The answer is simple.
During the day, the sun heats up the earth and
the air around it. When air is heated up, it gets
lighter and rises. The warm air moves up and pushes
down the heavy cold air. This movement of hot and
cold air is wind.

20

was for sailing. Before sailing, people rowed boats

across the water. When sailboats were invented,
it was easier and faster for people to travel on
the water. The wind pushed the sails and the sails

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

People have always wanted to use the power of

the wind. One of the first ways people used wind

Wind farms can also help people save money.

If towns had wind farms, they wouldnt have to
buy high cost fuel or electricity from other places.
Small wind turbines have been sent to some
poor communities around the world. An entire unit,
called a village power system, can be shipped in a

moved the boat. The wind did most of the work!

container. The system costs less than fuel. It works

Sailors learned a lot about the wind as they

very well and is better for the environment.

traveled around the globe. In the late 1400s,

Portuguese sailors figured out how to use the
winds to cross the ocean. They shared what they
knew with the country of Spain. The information

The Power of Wind

helped explorers such as Columbus.

Some of the electricity in Texas comes from

wind farms like this.

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

As time went on, people found other ways to

use the wind. They invented the windmill to grind
grain into flour for bread and other foods. Before
the windmill, grain was ground by hand. It was
hard work.
The first windmills had wooden shafts, or long
poles. Small sails were attached to the shafts. When
the wind blew, the sails caught the wind and the
shafts turned. The shafts moved a heavy stone that

Wind turbines dont take up a lot of room. Farmers can

raise cattle or grow crops around the turbines.

Why should we use wind energy if it causes so

many problems? There are many reasons why energy
from the wind is good.
Wind farms do not burn fuels to make electricity,
so they do not pollute. Also, the land on wind farms
can be used for other things as well. Farmers can
grow crops or raise livestock around the turbines on

The Power of Wind

ground the grain.

Christopher Columbus sailed to America.

These are copies of his boats.

a wind farm.

18

windmills were designed. Instead of sails, the

windmills had large wooden oars. The wooden oars
caught more wind.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The small sails on the first windmills didnt catch

a lot of wind. So more efficient, or better working,

Like the first windmills, these windmills were also

used to grind grains. Later they were used to pump
water for farming. Some were even used to make
spices, paints, and clay.
In the 1700s the Dutch found another use for
windmills. Much of their land is below sea level. The
the sea from the land. But during storms, seawater
often broke through the dikes. So the Dutch built
windmills along their shores. The windmills pumped
storm water back into the sea.

This is one of the windmills that the Dutch

built on their shores.

The Power of Wind

Dutch had built dikes, or high walls, to hold back

17

open spaces for wind farms. But large cities are just
where wind power is needed most!
Wind farms have other problems, too. The noise

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Sometimes it can be hard to find a good place

for a wind farm. Large cities usually dont have flat

from the turbine blades can scare wildlife. Some

people believe that the tall turbines ruin scenic views.
Another problem is that the spinning blades
sometimes kill birds. Most of the birds that are killed
are raptors, or birds of prey. Scientists are working
to solve this problem. Wind turbine blades are being
stand out, the birds might stay away from them.

The bright red color on this

turbine keeps birds from flying
into the blades.

16

The Power of Wind

made with patterns or bright colors. If the blades

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Millions of
windmills were
put up in the
United States
after 1850.

Ch a pter 3

Wind Energy
There are many good reasons to use wind energy,
but there are some problems. Right now it cost a lot
to build a wind farm. Inventors are finding new ways
to bring down the cost.
Another problem is that the wind doesnt always
blow. Scientists are looking for ways to make
electricity even when the wind is calm.

For hundred of years,

people used wooden windmills
water. Then in 1870, windmills
changed.
People in the United States
came up with a new idea.
They made a windmill with
metal oars. The metal oars
were lighter than oars made

The Power of Wind

to grind grain and pump

These workers are fixing a wind turbine. They work inside

the top of the turbine.

from wood. They could catch

a lot of wind and spin at
very high speeds. The new
windmills were used to pump
water.

10

15

way. So flat land is the best place for wind farms.

People who build wind farms also look for high
wind zones, or places where there is a lot of wind.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Where are wind farms built? The wind blows

freely when there are no mountains or hills in the

In 1994 a company in Minnesota started using

Ch a pter 2

Wind Turbines
and Wind Farms
People continued to find other ways to use wind
power. One invention called the wind turbine was

wind farms to make some of its electricity. Today

designed to make electricity.

there are large wind farms in other states as well.

A wind turbine works like a windmill. It has a

metal tower that looks like a long pole. It has metal
blades like the oars on a windmill. When the wind
blows, the metal blades turn very fast. The energy

A Modern Wind Farm

This wind farm in Colorado has
44 turbines. Each turbine costs
$1 million. The wind farm makes
electricity for 10,000 people.

The Power of Wind

from the blades goes to a generator to make

electricity.

Charles Brush built

this wind turbine in
1888. The turbine had
many blades.

14

11

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

How a Wind Turbine Works

Wind turbines usually have two or three blades.

The biggest turbines can be 180 feet (55 m) wide.
They can turn out between 50 and 3,000 kilowatts
of electricity.
Sometimes wind turbines are set up together to
make a lot of electrical power. This set up is called
a wind farm. Wind farms can have a few turbines
or hundreds of turbines.

0ZORS

The Power of Wind

DS`bWQOZ
AVOTb

These are another type of wind turbine.

The turbines look like huge eggbeaters.

5S\S`Ob]`

Wind turns the blades. The blades spin the shaft.

Energy goes to a generator to make electricity.
12

13

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
anticipation

encouraged

enormous

glanced

released

slender

inspired

huge

let go

expectation

looked

thin

ower

voices

tower

cough

pouch

cowboy

gown

frown

howling hound

noises

wound

grouch

mound

grown

voyage

south

annoy

pound

thousand

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

The Same As Tell me which of the following matches

one of the words above.

This week were reading historical ction.

Ima and the Great Texas Ostrich
Race is about a girl named Ima
and her pet ostrich, Ossy. Ima has
two older brothers, Will and Tom,
who make fun of Ossy for being
silly looking, but Ima wants to
prove to them that Ossy is the
fastest racing bird in all of Texas.
I wonder how Ima will prove this.
I think that the author will provide
clues about Ima so that I can draw
conclusions about her character.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: draw conclusions
Vocabulary: analogies: synonyms and antonyms
Spelling/Phonics: words with oi, oy, ou, and ow

Speed Spell Im going to time you for two minutes. Ill

give you the words. At the end of two minutes, lets see
how many words you spelled correctly.

Name
259

Clueless? Nope!
We can read each set of clues and see what conclusions we
can draw from them. Lets write our conclusions in the boxes.

Clues
Jamals family
moved, and he
hadnt made any
friends.
He stood in front
of the pet store
window.

Clues
Everyone had an
umbrella.
Ben ran to the bus
so he wouldnt get
too wet.

Clues

Ben wondered how

much money
he had.

260

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The tires always

needed air, and
the bike chain was
broken.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
anticipation

encouraged

enormous

glanced

released

slender

inspired

huge

let go

expectation

looked

thin

ower

voices

tower

cough

pouch

cowboy

gown

frown

howling hound

noises

wound

grouch

mound

grown

voyage

south

annoy

pound

thousand

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

Asociaciones Dime qu palabra de abajo corresponde

a qu palabra de arriba.

Esta semana estamos leyendo Ima and

the Great Texas Ostrich Race, un relato
de ccin histrica. El relato es
acerca de una nia y Ossy, su
mascota avestruz. Ima tiene dos
hermanos mayores, Will y Tom.
Ellos se burlan de Ossy por su
aparencia chistosa. Ima quiere
demostrar que Ossy es el pjaro
ms rpido de todo Texas. Me
pregunto, cmo lo va a demostrar?
Creo que el autor va a darnos pistas
sobre Ima para que podamos sacar
conclusiones sobre su carcter.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: sacar conclusiones
Vocabulario: analoga: sinnimos y antnimos
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con oi, oy, ou y ow

Deletreo veloz Te voy a dar algunas palabras. Tendrs

dos minutos de tiempo para deletrearlas. Al nal de los
dos minutos vamos a ver cuntas palabras deletreaste
correctamente.

Nombre
261

Sin pistas? No!

Clues

Podemos leer cada grupo de pistas y ver qu conclusiones

podemos sacar a partir de las mismas. Escribamos nuestras
conclusiones en los recuadros.

Jamals family
moved, and he
hadnt made any
friends.
He stood in front
of the pet store
window.

Clues
Everyone had an
umbrella.
Ben ran to the bus
so he wouldnt get
too wet.

Clues

Ben wondered how

much money
he had.

262

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The tires always

needed air, and
the bike chain was
broken.

Summarize

Text Clues Conclusion

Find clues in the text that

help you draw conclusions.
Record them in the chart. Use

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

by Mae Greene

your conclusions to summarize

the book.

Think and Compare

1. Reread page 6. What conclusions can you
draw about Sam Houston? (Draw Conclusion)

like to have experienced? Explain. (Evaluate)

3. Think about the histories of these four states.
What do the states have in common? (Synthesis)

The Southwest

2. What period of Texas history would you most

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

24

Imagine an enormous area of land. At one

end, people swim in the blue ocean. At the
other end, cactus with slender green spines
stand tall in a dry desert. In between are

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

Index
Alamo, 6
Arizona, 23, 18-20
Austin, Stephen F., 56
cattle, 910, 1314, 19, 21
Civil War, 79, 12, 15, 21

canyons, rivers, and mountains.

gold, 4, 16, 19

In the east, this area stretches to the Gulf

Goodnight-Loving Trail, 9

of Mexico. In the west, it touches the state of

California. Though filled with big empty spaces,

Houston, Sam, 67

the area is growing quickly. It has some of the

Land Runs, 13

biggest cities in the country.

Louisiana Purchase, 11

U N I T E D

S T A T E S
Arizona

Pa c i c
Ocean

The Southwest

Mexico, 5, 7, 18, 2021

Native Americans, 3, 1112, 14, 18, 19
New Mexico, 3, 1517
oil, 10, 14
Oklahoma, 3, 1114
San Jacinto, Battle of, 6
Spanish Explorers, 45
Texas, 3, 510
Texas Revolution, 6

MEXICO

Trail of Tears, 1112

23

economy (i-KAHN-uh-mee) the goods and

services a place produces (page 10)
immigrant (IM-i-gruhnt) someone who moves to
live in a new place (page 20)

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Glossary

This is the Southwest. It includes four states.

They are Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and
Arizona. Each state is very different. However,
they share a similar history and some important
geographic features. Many of their problems are
similar, too.

ranching (RANCH-ing) starting and running large

farms where cows or other animals are raised

The first settlers in each state were Native

(page 9)

Americans. In New Mexico and Arizona, their

reservation (rez-ur-VAY-shun) an area of land set
aside for Native Americans to live on (page 19)

settlements go back over 10,000 years. These

settlers (SET-lurz) people who make their homes

in another place (page 3)

by growing crops like corn and beans.

tourism (TOOR-izm) going to visit places away

from home for fun (page 10)
transport (TRANS-pawrt) move or carry
something from one place to another (page 16)

The Southwest

territory (TER-uh-tawr-ee) land area (page 11)

first Americans were hunters. Later they lived

Oklahoma
New
Mexico

Texas

Gulf of
0

250

Mexico

scale in miles

22

Water is needed to grow food. The Southwest

is very dry. When rain didnt fall in one place,
people left. They had to find wetter areas.
In the 1500s, Spanish explorers arrived in

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Life wasnt easy for these early settlers.

Conclusion
The southwestern states have much in
common. They are all large states. They are
home to ranches and factories. Their land
is harsh, dry, and beautiful. Today, having

the Southwest. At first, they came looking

enough water is still important, just as it was

for gold. Soon they built churches and towns.

in the past.

Later, the area became part of Mexico. In time,

The states share much history as well. They

each of these places became a state.

all began as part of Spain or Mexico. The Civil

War hurt all of them. Cattle ranching helped
build the economy back up.

The Southwest

Today, the Southwest is still growing. More

and more people are moving there. No one

knows what the future will bring.

21

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Arizona Today
In 1919, Arizona became the 48th state.
Today, most of its people live in or near its
biggest cities. Arizonas warm, dry weather
draws people from colder places. For decades,

Texas
Texas is the
second-largest state
in the United States.

Arizona has been one of the fastest-growing

Size isnt the only

states. In 1940, it had fewer than half a million

reason it is special.

people. Now it has over six million.

Texas was once a

country.

Like other Southwestern states, Arizona has

The first Spanish

many Hispanic Americans. Hispanic people make

explorers came to

have lived in Arizona for years. Others are

Texas in 1519. For

recent immigrants from Mexico.

three hundred years,

The Southwest

up a quarter of the states population. Some

Arizona Timeline
1853
Owned by U.S. after
Mexican War and land
purchase

1850

1860

1880s
Railroads boost
population

Texas was ruled by

Spain. In 1821, Texas
became part of Mexico.

Stephen F. Austin, leader

of the Texas setters

That same year, people

began moving into Texas. They were
encouraged by the Mexican government.
Mexico offered them land. By the 1830s,

1880

there were over 25,000 settlers in Texas.

1920

Their leader was Stephen F. Austin.

1919
Statehood

1860s
Native Americans war
against new settlers

This photograph shows a Spanish

Mission Church from the 16th Century.

20

Austin was put in jail and later released. On

October 2, 1835, the Texas Revolution began.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Austin and the Texas settlers wanted more

freedom. Mexico wouldnt give it to them and

The Alamo
General Sam Houston was the leader of
the Texas army. In February, 1836, a group of
Texans took over the Alamo, a Mexican fort.
Houston learned that Mexican troops were
coming to take the Alamo back. In anticipation
The Texans should leave. Instead, they stayed.
They fought for almost two weeks. In the
end, the Texans died in battle.
Six weeks later, General Houston and his
men attacked Mexican forces. Remember
the Alamo was the cry at the Battle of San
Jacinto. The Texans won the battle.

The Southwest

of a defeat, he sent an order to the men.

Geronimo, leader of the Apaches,

surrendered once and for all in 1886.

By the 1870s, the U.S. Army had won.

Most Native Americans were moved onto
reservations. The Apaches, however, kept on
fighting until 1886.
Around the same time, the railroads came.
They brought a wave of growth in Arizona.
Ranchers came to raise cattle. Farmers came to
grow cotton. Miners were drawn by Arizonas
gold, silver, and copper.

19

Arizona, just west of New Mexico, is the

sixth largest state. Like New Mexico and Texas,
it was once Mexican territory. In 1846, the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Arizona

Statehood and the Civil War

The war ended. Texas was now free.
In October of 1836, Sam Houston became
president of the new country. The Republic

United States took over northern Arizona. The

was free, but it still had problems. It was

U.S. bought the rest from Mexico in 1853.

a small country with little money. Leaders

worried about Mexico. Would there be another
war? In 1845, Texas joined the United States.

A Tough Place to Settle

Settlers had tried to ranch in Arizona. Many
were driven away by Apaches. Arizonas Native

The Alamo still stands today in San Antonio, Texas.

fierce battles took place between them and the

U.S. Army.

The Southwest

Americans fought against outsiders. After 1846,

The Saguaro
cactus blooms
in Arizona.

18

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Many young Texans
enlisted in the
Confederate Army.
This young soldier
died in a prison camp
at the age of 16.

New Mexico Today

Today, ranching and mining are still important
in New Mexico. The state is also a center of
research. The first atomic bomb was created at
Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 1945.
New Mexico draws many visitors. They come
to see the famous caves of Carlsbad Caverns.
They tour ancient Native American villages.
The Spanish influence is still strong. Today,
people with Hispanic roots make up more than

As the Civil War drew near, Texas was split.

Some Texans wanted to stay part of the Union.
Others wanted to leave. In 1861, Texas left.
Few Civil War battles took place on Texas
land. However, Texan soldiers fought for the
South. Texas also gave food and other goods
to the Confederate Army. The Union Army
blocked travel to and from Texas Gulf coast.
After the war, in 1869, Texas rejoined the

The Southwest

a third of the population.

New Mexico Timeline

1860s-1880s
Gold rush, railroads,
ranching cause a boom

1821
Under Mexican
rule

1820

1850
1846
Becomes part of U.S.
after Mexican War

1880

1910
1912
Statehood

Union.

17

These volunteers helped drive the Confederates

out of New Mexico.
In 1867, gold was found, and many miners

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

New Mexicos governor asked for volunteers

to form an army. Some 4,000 men signed up.

came. Then, in 1880, the railroad arrived.

The Rise of Cattle Ranching

The Civil War left Texas poor. Cattle ranching
helped bring money back into the state. Texas
big, open fields were perfect for cows to feed on.
These cows were worth more outside of

As in Texas and Oklahoma, New Mexicos

land was good for raising cattle. The railroad

Texas than in Texas. So the cattle drive was

made it easy to transport the cattle. Ranches

born. Cowboys led huge herds out of the state.

sprang up. New Mexico grew. In 1912, it became

These herds could have thousands of cows.

the 47th State.

The cowboys who led these drives had to

be brave. Cattle drives were dangerous. One
big danger was a stampede. Frightened cows

The Southwest

The railroad brought

many settlers to the
Southwest.

would run wild. A stampeding herd could crush

anything in its way.

Goodnight-Loving Trail
One of the biggest cattle trails
was the Goodnight-Loving Trail. It
was named for Charles Goodnight
and Oliver Loving, two Texas cattle
ranchers. The path ran through
West Texas, crossed New Mexico,
and ended in Denver, Colorado.

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Texas Timeline
1821
Part of Mexico;
Americans move in
as settlers

1820

1836
Becomes independent
republic

New Mexico
New Mexico is west of Oklahoma and Texas.
Its the nations fifth largest state. Like Texas, it
was once part of Mexico.
In 1821, the Santa Fe Trail opened up. This

1840

1830

wagon route ran through New Mexico. Traders

1850

used it to carry goods between Missouri and

1835
Texas revolution
begins

the far Southwest.

1845
Statehood

Two Wars

In the 1900s, oil was discovered in Texas.

The discovery created new jobs and new towns.
Many Texans, with oil beneath their land, got
rich. Today cattle, cotton, and oil are still big
parts of the Texas economy. However, tourism,
technology, and research are also important.

In 1846, after the Mexican War, the United

The Southwest

Texas Today

States took over New Mexico.

When the Civil War began, Texan soldiers
moved into New Mexico. The Confederates
hoped to take over the Santa Fe Trail.
This is an engraving on a metal plate. It shows families
in covered wagons crossing the plains.

The Texas cities of San Antonio, Dallas, and

Houston are three of the countrys biggest.
Austin, the Texan capital, is a center for high
tech jobs. Texas deserts, mountains, and
beaches draw many tourists.

10

15

In 1905, oil was found. The discovery

brought even more people to Oklahoma.
Oklahoma became a state in 1907. Oil and

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Oklahoma Today

Oklahoma
Oklahoma is north of Texas. The territory
joined the United States in 1803. Thats the year
President Thomas Jefferson made the Louisiana

cattle are still important there. Manufacturing is

Purchase. He bought an enormous amount of

important as well. Oklahoma makes everything

land from France.

from cars to computers. Tourism also helps the

economy. Visitors come to see rodeos. They

The Trail of Tears

visit the National Cowboy Hall of Fame. They

travel to the Oklahoma State Fair.

In 1828, Congress set aside land in Oklahoma

for Native Americans. Two years later, Native

American roots. Over a quarter of a million

Americans in eastern states were forced off

Native Americans live there. Thats more than in

their land. About 100,000 made a long trip to

any other state.

Oklahoma Timeline

1825

1850
1828
Declared Indian
Territory; end point of
the Trail of Tears

14

Oklahoma. Thousands died along the way from

disease or lack of food. This sad journey is
called the Trail of Tears.

The Louisiana Territory added 800,000 square

miles (2 million square km) to the country.

1870s
Land grants bring
many new settlers

1803
Sold to U.S. in
Louisiana Purchase

1800

The Southwest

Many people in Oklahoma have Native

1875

1900
1907
Statehood

11

In Oklahoma, Native Americans worked to

rebuild their lives. Tribes like the Cherokee
started farms. They built schools.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Golden Age

Then, around 1860, this Golden Age came

Land Runs
As in Texas, cattle ranching boomed after
the Civil War. Oklahoma land was great for
raising cows. Soon ranches dotted the land.
If one glanced in any direction, there were
cowboys and cattle.

to an end. The Civil War split the nation. Many

Then, in the 1870s, the railroad arrived. Now

lives were lost. After the war, Native Americans

settlers could travel easily to Oklahoma. In

found their land being taken away.

1889 thousands of people raced there to claim

land. That year, the U.S. government gave away
about 10,000 homesteads, or plots of land.

Not everyone who walked the Trail

of Tears was Native American.
African Americans made the trip as
well. Some were slaves of Native
Americans. Others were free, but
had lived with Native American
tribes. They made up a large
portion of Indian Territorys people.

12

The Southwest

African Americans in Oklahoma

A person who saw the 1889 land run said men jumped
from the roofs of the moving cars at the risk of their
lives . . . (they) fell over each other in heaps . . .

13

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
applauded

assured

headlines

hoisting

unstable

assembled
(fold here)

What a New Story! Lets use the words to make up

a news story about the rst successful ight of Wilbur
and Orville Wright.

SPELLING WORDS
chalk

laws

stalk

bald

caught

halt

strawberry

fought

caller

half

straw

small

thought

awe

talking

squall

drawn

false

shawl

Spelling Bee Ill give you the words to spell. Lets see
how many words you spelled correctly in one minute. Try
again and see if you improve. Then, we can group them
by the words vowel patterns.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

walker

This week were reading My Brothers Flying Machine.

Its about the Wright brothers and their attempts to
make a successful airplane. The storys told from the
point of view of their sister. She sounds so proud of
them, from the time they were boys to the time they
ew their machine. Besides learning about these two
fascinating men, Ill look for clues that will help me
understand more about the authors perspective.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: authors perspective
Vocabulary: sufxes
Spelling/Phonics: words with au, aw, ou, al, all, and alt

Name
275

News of the Day

Orville and Wilbur Wright were amazing inventors. We can
tell about them in a newspaper article. Imagine that you are
a reporter watching their first successful flight. How would
you write the article from your own perspective? Lets try
writing it. When were done, we can have a family member
or friend read the article.

When does the story take place? Is it

daytime or nighttime? What does the day
look like?
Why do you think the Wright brothers were
able to make a ying machine?

Who are the people in the article?

How do you see them, what do you
think about them?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

What is the story about? In the end, how do

you think the Wright brothers invention will
change the world?

276

Where does the story take place? How do you

see the place?

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
applauded

assured

headlines

hoisting

unstable

assembled
(fold here)

Qu noticia! Vamos a usar las palabras para crear

una noticia sobre el primer vuelo exitoso de Wilbur y
Orville Wright.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
chalk

laws

stalk

bald

caught

halt

strawberry

fought

caller

half

straw

small

thought

awe

talking

squall

drawn

false

shawl

Concurso de deletreo Te dar palabras para deletrear.

Al cabo de un minuto vamos a ver cuntas palabras has
deletreado. Intenta otra vez, para ver si mejoras. Luego
podemos agrupar las palabras de acuerdo a los patrones
que forman las vocales.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

walker

Esta semana estamos leyendo My Brothers Flying

Machine. Trata de los hermanos Wright y de sus
intentos para construir un aeroplano que funcionara.
El relato est narrado desde el punto de vista de su
hermana. Ella parece estar muy orgullosa de ellos,
desde la poca en que eran nios hasta cuando volaron
en su avin. Adems de aprender acerca de estos
hombres fascinantes, buscar en el libro pistas que me
ayuden a entender ms sobre la perspectiva del autor.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: perspectiva del autor
Vocabulario: sujos
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras con au, aw, ou, al,
all y alt

Nombre
277

Noticias del da
Orville y Wilbur Wright fueron inventores
extraordinarios. Podemos escribir un artculo de
peridico sobre ellos. Imagina que eres periodista y
que ests observando el primer vuelo exitoso de los
hermanos. Cmo escribiras el artculo desde tu propia
perspectiva? Intentemos escribirlo. Cuando terminemos,
se lo daremos a un miembro de la familia o a un amigo
para que lo lea.

Who are the people in the article?

How do you see them, what do you
think about them?

Why do you think the Wright brothers were

able to make a ying machine?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

What is the story about? In the end, how do

you think the Wright brothers invention will
change the world?

When does the story take place? Is it

daytime or nighttime? What does the day
look like?

278

Where does the story take place? How do you

see the place?

Summarize

Clue

Clue

Clue

Use a chart to record clues

about the authors perspective.
Then write a sentence stating

Authors Perspective

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

the authors perspective. Use

the information in the chart to
summarize the book.

Think and Compare

you about the Wright brothers character?
(Authors Perspective)
2. How do you think Charles Lindbergh might have
felt as he flew across the Atlantic? Use facts
from pages 1011 to support your answer.
(Analyze)
3. Early pilots and astronauts were heroes to people
all over the world. Identify a public person today
who is a hero to you. Why do you admire this
person? (Apply)

From Gliders to Rockets

1. Look back at page 7. What does the author tell

From Gliders
to Rockets
by Sarah Jane Brian

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
The Wright Brothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Heroes of the Skies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3
Flying in World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 4
To Space and Beyond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

24

Up, up, and away! On June 5, 1783, two

brothers from France showed off a new
invention. It was the first hot air balloon.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction
Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier (mon-GOLFee-ay) filled their balloon with hot air and
smoke. A crowd watched as the balloon flew
over a mile in the blue sky. Later the brothers

Apollo, 17, 1819

Montgolfier, Joseph and

Etienne, 2

Armstrong, Neil, 18, 21

Mission Control, 19

Cayley, Sir George, 3, 21

Quimby, Harriet, 9

Cochran, Jackie, 15

rockets, 15

compass, 11

Rodgers, Cal, 9

Davis, Benjamin O., 14

von Richthofen,
Baron Manfred
(the Red Baron), 9

Explorer I, 16

From Gliders to Rockets

and a duck into the air, the balloon traveled

a hot air balloon. Finally, people could fly!

Aldrin, Buzz, 18, 21

Earhart, Amelia, 1213, 21

flew another balloon. Hoisting a rooster, a sheep,

two miles. Soon, two men agreed to go up in

Index

Gagarin, Yuri, 16
gliders, 36
Hindenburg, 13, 21
hot air balloons, 23, 21
Jemison, Mae, 20
Johnson Space Center,
18, 19
Lilienthal, Otto, 3
Lindbergh, Charles,
1011, 21

Shepard, Alan, 16
space shuttle, 2021
Sputnik, 16, 21
White, Ed, 17
World War I, 9, 21
World War II, 1416, 21
Wright, Wilbur and
Orville, 38, 21
Yeager, Chuck, 15, 21
zeppelins, 13

The Montgolfier brothers hot air balloons were

painted blue and gold.
2

23

astronaut (AS-truh-nawt) a person who travels into

space (page 17)
glider (GLIGH-duhr) an aircraft that flies without a
motor by riding on air currents (page 3)

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Glossary

Hot air balloons were exciting and fun. But

balloons were hard to steer. People needed
better ways to fly.
In 1804, Sir George Cayley assembled the
first glider. A glider has wings like an airplane.
But it has no engine. It uses wind to float

Mach 1 (MAHK WUN) the speed of sound, faster

than 650 miles per hour (page 15)

through the air.

Another pair of brothers read about the

parachute (PAR-uh-shewt) a device that allows a

person attached to it to be dropped slowly and
safely from an airplane (page 10)

satellite (SAT-uh-light) an object that orbits around

Earth, the moon, or another large body in space
(page 16)

simulator (sim'-y -LA'-tor) a machine that imitates

an environment or condition (page 19)
zeppelin (ZEP-uh-lin) a large airship filled with a
lightweight gas that makes it float (page 13)

Wright. The brothers would soon become

two of the most important people in the

From Gliders to Rockets

propeller (pruh-PEL-uhr) a device with blades that

spin like a fan, creating force by pushing against
air (page 15)

glider. Their names were Wilbur and Orville

history of flight.

In the 1890s Otto Lilienthal

made his own gliders. He took
more than 2,000 test flights.

22

The Wright Brothers

In 1899, Wilbur and Orville Wright ran a
successful bike shop in Ohio. But the two men
had a dream. They wanted to invent a machine

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

that could fly.

Important Dates in Flight

1783

First flights in hot air balloon

1804

Sir George Cayley invents first

glider

1903

Wilbur and Orville Wright pilot first

powered, controlled flights

The Wright brothers read everything they

could find about flight. They learned all about

19141918

gliders.

to build a better glider. No one had ever built

a glider with controlled steering. Wilbur had an
idea. He wanted to try bending the tips of the
wings. He thought that might help him steer.

The Wright brothers built

bicycles in this workshop.
The bicycles gave them
ideas about how to
design aircraft.

From Gliders to Rockets

Soon, the brothers began thinking of ways

World War I fought; Planes play

important role

1927

Charles Lindbergh flies across

Atlantic Ocean

1932

Amelia Earhart flies across Atlantic

Ocean

1937

Hindenburg explodes

19391944

World War II fought; First jet

fighters appear

1947

Chuck Yeager flies faster than

speed of sound

1957

Soviet Union launches Sputnik

1965

Johnson Space Center opens

1969

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin

land on moon

1981

Space shuttle Columbia blasts off

21

Brave people have explored the skies for

hundreds of years. They have gone up in
balloons, floated in gliders, and flown in planes.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

Orville, left, and Wilbur,

right, almost always wore
suits and ties, even when
testing their designs in
hot weather.

Over the years they have flown farther and

faster. Finally they
rocketed into space.
U.S. astronauts have

In July 1899,
the men built a

times.

small glider to

Spacecraft without
astronauts on board
have traveled to Mars.
Scientists learn more
about space with each
trip. Someday they
hope to send people

The space shuttle

Columbia blasts off
on April 12, 1981.

to Mars.

From Gliders to Rockets

gone to the moon six

test Wilburs idea.

The glider had a
short wingspan.
It flew like a kite.
A person on the ground held the strings. The
strings controlled the glider by bending its
wings. Wilburs idea worked.
The Wrights decided to build a much larger
glider. This time a man would ride in it. The
brothers set to work.
For months, Wilbur and Orville worked hard

Mae Jemison
became the first
African American
woman in space
in 1992

on their new glider. They needed a place with

plenty of strong, steady wind to test it. They
found the perfect place. Orville and Wilbur
would test their glider on the beaches of
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

20

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Today astronauts are trained at the Johnson

Space Center in Houston. At the center they
practice living in space suits. They learn scuba
diving and parachute jumping. Simulators help
them experience life in space. Every astronaut
learns how to deal with emergencies on land
and on sea, and in outer space.

Wilbur didnt give up after his failed flight on

December 14, 1903. The next day, Wilbur sent a
telegram home. Success assured, he wrote.

JSC is also the home of mission control. It

directs all space missions carrying astronauts.
All communication from space goes to Mission

Try, Try Again

Kitty Hawk. The brothers camped out in a tent.

The beach was windy, sandy, and empty. It was
perfect for test flights.
The Wright brothers worked on aircraft designs
for the next three years. Each summer, they
came back to Kitty Hawk to test their designs.
At first, the gliders were unstable and hard
to control. But finally Orville fixed the problem.

From Gliders to Rockets

In July 1900, Wilbur and Orville arrived at

Control in Houston.

An astronaut experiences zero gravity

at the Johnson Space Center.

Now they needed to give their aircraft power.

To do that, they would add an engine.
All the engines for sale at that time were
too heavy. So Wilbur and Orville built their own
engine. In September 1903 they were ready
to test their new aircraft with an engine. They
called the aircraft the Wright Flyer.
6

19

He spoke these words to Mission Control in

Houston, Thats one small step for man, one
giant leap for mankind.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Apollo 11 blasted off in 1969. On July 20,

Neil Armstrong stepped out onto the moon.

Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin planted a U.S.

Soon the weather at Kitty Hawk grew cold,

but Wilbur and Orville would not give up. On
December 14, the brothers were ready. They
tossed a coin to see who would make the first
flight. Wilbur won. But seconds after it took off,
the Wright Flyer fell back into the sand. They
would have to try again.

flag on the moon.

Next, it was Orvilles turn. On December 17,

1903, he started up the Wright Flyers engine.
The plane climbed into the air and flew
120 feet (36.5 meters). Orville was the first

A Houston Space Center

In the 1960s the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
(JSC) was built in Houston, Texas. It is the center
for all human space flight activities. The space
shuttle is controlled in Houston.

18

From Gliders to Rockets

person to fly a plane with an engine.

Orville takes his historic first flight as Wilbur watches.

The brothers flew three more flights that day. Each
flight was longer than the last.

Heroes of the Skies

The Wright brothers kept working. By 1908,
they built a plane that could fly 100 feet
(30 meters) high. It stayed in the air for an hour.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

The Wright brothers began selling their

planes. Other inventors built planes, too. Flying
races and contests became popular. Flying was
dangerous. Many planes crashed. But people

This plane crashed at a flying contest. Crashes were

common in the early days.

From Gliders to Rockets

kept on flying.

Astronaut Ed White took a spacewalk

outside his Gemini spacecraft.

Project Apollo
Project Apollo was another step in the
journey to the moon. Early Apollo flights got
close. Then came the most exciting flight of
all. Soon a human would land and walk on
the moon.

17

To Space and Beyond

Scientists had a new goal after World War II.
They wanted to go into space.
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

Sputnik was the first manmade satellite.

Explorer I was launched in 1958. It was
the first U.S. satellite. That same year Project
Mercury started. The project aimed to send a
They sent Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961.
Soon the U.S. sent a man into space,
too. Astronaut Alan Shepard blasted off on
May 5, 1961. Project Gemini followed.

From Gliders to Rockets

man into space. But the Soviets were first again.

The Red Baron

In 1914 World War I broke out. Airplanes
were an important part of the war. The
most famous pilot was Baron Manfred
von Richthofen of Germany. His plane was
painted bright red. People called him the
Red Baron. He shot down 80 planes
during the war. The Red Barons plane was
shot down in 1918.
The Red Baron
flew this plane
during World
War I.

Cal Rodgers was the first to fly across

the U.S. He made the trip in 1911. It took him
84 days. Rodgers crashed many times. He had
to replace almost every part of his plane.
Harriet Quimby was the first female

These were Americas

first astronauts. They
were called the
Mercury Seven.

American pilot. In 1912 she flew across the

English Channel. She was the first woman to
make the trip. The English Channel is a body
of water between England and France. People
like Rodgers and Quimby were famous heroes.

16

Charles Lindbergh
was a great hero
of flight. In 1927 he
decided to fly from

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Charles Lindbergh

New York to Paris,

Older planes use spinning propellers for

power. But newer jets dont use propellers.
Instead, a jet engine mixes air with burning
fuel. The jet blasts the air out of the back of
its engine. This pushes the plane forward. Most
planes today have jet engines.

France. No one had

ever done this before.
The first person to
make this trip would

Lindberghs small
Charles Lindbergh poses
with the Spirit of St. Louis
before his historic trip.

plane was called the

Spirit of St. Louis.
Lindbergh didnt carry
a radio or a parachute.

Lindbergh had to fly more than 3,500 miles

(5,600 km). He needed a lot of fuel. That
made his plane heavy. At first, the plane flew
very low. It had trouble flying over some
telephone lines.

Lindbergh sat in this small

1
cockpit during his 33 2 -hour trip.
His only food was a bag of
sandwiches and some water.

10

From Gliders to Rockets

win a $25,000 prize.

Breaking the Sound Barrier

Chuck Yeager had been a fighter pilot in World
War II. Like many pilots after the war, he wanted
to fly faster than Mach 1,
or the speed of sound.
On October 14, 1947,
Yeager sped through
the air in a plane with
a rocket engine. Yeager
made the plane go
700 miles (1,126 km)
per hour. He had flown
faster than Mach 1!

Chuck Yeager named

his plane Glamorous
Glennis after his wife.

In 1953, Jackie
Cochran flew faster
than the speed of sound. She was the first
woman to fly that fast. Cochran lived in Florida.
She set 69 flying records. Thats more than any
other pilot.
15

Flying in World War II

The United States entered World War II
in 1941. Airplanes were some of the most
important weapons in this war.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

Faster planes were needed to help win the

war. Back home, designers worked hard to
make faster aircraft. They built new planes

Lindbergh had to fly in the right direction on

his long journey. He used a magnetic device
called a compass. The points of a compass
are north, south, east, and west. A needle
uses Earths magnetic pull to show which way
is north. With that information, Lindbergh
could travel east across the Atlantic.

that could fly more than 400 miles (640 km)

per hour.

to the skies. This plane could fly 550 miles

(885 km) per hour. It was the first jet fighter.

Benjamin O. Davis led the

first African American fighter
pilots in World War II.

World War II airmen often

decorated their airplanes.
Airmen painted these
American P-40 planes
to look like sharks.

Lindbergh flew through fog and ice. But

From Gliders to Rockets

In 1944, a new German fighter plane took

his biggest problem was sleepiness. Lindbergh

couldnt sleep the night before his trip. Now he
could hardly stay awake.
Lindbergh flew for 33 21 hours. At last he
arrived in Paris. He was the first person to fly
alone across the Atlantic Ocean. More than
100,000 people came to watch him land.
The trip made headlines in newspapers
everywhere. Millions of people applauded
Lindbergh at a parade in New York City.

14

11

Amelia Earhart was a famous pilot. She was

the first woman to fly alone across the United
States. She also set many speed records.
Earhart was the first woman to fly alone

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Amelia Earhart

Amelia Earhart poses with the

plane in which she tried to fly
around the world.

In 1937 Earhart set

across the Atlantic Ocean. She made the trip

out on the biggest

in 1932. Earhart ran into bad storms on her

journey of her life. She

trip. Some of her equipment broke. At one

planned to fly around

the world. Sadly, she

point, her plane suddenly dropped! But Earhart

never made it. Her plane went down in the

landed safely.

Pacific Ocean. No one ever found Earhart, her

They thought she was very brave. Please
know that I am quite aware of the hazards,
she wrote. I want to do it because I want to
do it. Women must try to do things as men
have tried.

Earhart made the first flight alone from

Hawaii to California. Thousands of people
met her plane.

12

From Gliders to Rockets

Fans all over the world admired Earhart.

plane, or her crew.

The Hindenburg Disaster

Large airships traveled the skies in the 1920s and
1930s. The airships were called zeppelins.
Zeppelins were filled with a lightweight gas.
The gas made the airships float. But the gas
burned easily. On May 6, 1937, an airship called
the Hindenburg caught on fire. It crashed to the
ground. There were 97 people on board, and 35
of them died.

13

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

The desert is a very interesting environment. This

week our class is reading A Walk in the Desert. The
main idea is how different plants and animals make the
desert their home. Details, or facts, tell me all about
the main idea. Did you know that a cactus
can live 200 years?

climate

eerie

lumbering

shimmer

silken

lurk

In the Desert Lets imagine we are giving a talk about

life in the desert. Well use the words to tell about it.

SPELLING WORDS
blanket

willow

welcome

dipper

foggy

thriller

ticket

picket

witness

slender

planner

member

fossil

blossom

plastic

summer

swallow

nodded

rumbles

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

dinner

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: main ideas and
details
Vocabulary: context clues
Spelling/Phonics: closed syllables

Missing Letters Ill rewrite the spelling words for you.

Ill leave out the consonants in the middle of the words.
You can write in the missing consonants. Then well look
at the words you wrote.

Name
291

Brrrrrrr!
Lets read about the Arctic and talk about the main idea.
Then we can use the details to solve the crossword puzzle.

2
3

The Arctic is a desert even though it is cold.

Deserts get less than ten inches of rain a year. The
Arctic gets only five inches of snow.

Across
1. The polar bear has
feet.
4. The
bear is at
the top of the Arctic
food chain.
5. The Arctic
likes to steal pufn
eggs.
6. Polar bears like to
hunt
.

Down
1. The killer
is
an enemy of the
polar bear.
2. A
gets less
than 10 inches of
rain a year.
3. The
is a
cold desert.
4.

are black and

white birds.
292

Polar bears hunt seals,

walruses, and even fish.
Their webbed feet
help them to swim
long distances in
search of food. The
polar bears only enemy
is the killer whale.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Puffins are birds that come

to the Arctic in the spring.
They build nests on the cliffs.
The puffins guard their nests
from the Arctic foxes, who
like to steal the eggs.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras

El desierto es un medio ambiente realmente

fascinante. Esta semana estamos leyendo A Walk in the
Desert. La idea principal es cmo diferentes plantas y
animales crecen y viven en el desierto. Detalles, o datos,
ilustran la idea principal. Saban que un
cactus puede vivir 200 aos?

climate

eerie

lumbering

shimmer

silken

lurk

En el desierto Vamos a imaginarnos que estamos

dando una charla sobre la vida en el desierto. Vamos a
usar todas las palabras de la lista para hablar del tema.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
blanket

willow

welcome

dipper

foggy

thriller

ticket

picket

witness

slender

planner

member

fossil

blossom

plastic

summer

swallow

nodded

rumbles

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

dinner

(fold here)

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: idea principal y
detalles
Vocabulario: claves de contexto
Ortografa/Fontica: slabas
cerradas

Faltan letras Voy a volver a escribir cada palabra de la

lista de arriba, pero sin las consonantes en la mitad de la
palabra. T puedes escribir las consonantes que faltan.
Despus veremos cmo estn las palabras que escribiste.

Nombre
293

Qu fro!
Vamos a leer sobre el rtico y hablar de cul es la idea
principal. Luego podremos usar los detalles para resolver el
crucigrama de la pgina siguiente.

3
4

The Arctic is a desert even though it

is cold. Deserts get less than ten inches
of rain a year. The Arctic gets only five
inches of snow.

6
Across
1. The polar bear has
feet.
4. The
bear is
at the top of the
Arctic food chain.
5. The Arctic
likes to steal pufn
eggs.
6. Polar bears like to
hunt
.

Down
1. The killer
is
an enemy of the
polar bear.
2. A
gets less
than 10 inches of
rain a year.
3. The
is a
cold desert.
4.

are black
and white birds.

294

Polar bears hunt seals, walruses, and

even fish. Their webbed
feet help them to
swim long distances
in search of food.
The polar bears
only enemy is the
killer whale.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Puffins are birds that come

to the Arctic in the spring.
They build nests on the cliffs.
The puffins guard their nests
from the Arctic foxes, who
like to steal the eggs.

Summarize

Main Idea

Use the chart to list details and

main ideas about the plants,
animals, and people in this

Detail 1
Detail 2

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

book. Then use the chart to

summarize the information.

Summary

Survival
in the
Sahara Desert
by Kathy Kinsner

Table of Contents

1. Turn to page 7. Tell ways that the jerboa

can escape predators that may lurk nearby.
(Main Idea and Details)
2. Tell a way in which you can survive in the
climate where you live. How is it similar to
or different from the ways people can live
in the Sahara? (Apply)
3. Bringing water from deep under the
ground has changed some parts of the
desert. Is this a good thing? Why or why
not? (Evaluate)

16

Survival in the Sahara Desert

Think and Compare

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 1 Plants: Finding the Water. . . . . . . . .4
Chapter 2 Animals: Beating the Heat. . . . . . . .6
Chapter 3 People: Changing the Land . . . . . .10
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

The Sahara is the worlds largest desert.

It is nearly the size of the United States.
The Sahara extends over 10 countries in
northern Africa. Like all deserts, it is a dry
place that gets fewer than 10 inches (25 cm)
of rain a year.
In parts of the Sahara Desert, you can
see nothing but sand for miles. A sand dune
forms when wind carries sand over a large
rock. The sand drops, and gradually a hill
of sand grows.
Most of the worlds
deserts are located
in two bands above
and below the
equator.
S_cOb]`

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The sun blazes overhead. Theres not a

cloud in the sky. The temperature climbs to
100F (38C). Welcome to the Sahara Desert
one of the hottest places on Earth.

adaptation (a-dap-TAY-shuhn) a change so that a

plant or animal can survive in its environment
(page 8)

conserve (kuhn-SURV) to keep and protect from

harm, loss, or change (page 4)
nomad (NOH-mad) someone who moves from place
to place (page 11)
oasis (oh-AY-sis) a place in the desert where water
and plants are found. The plural is oases. (page 5)

Survival in the Sahara Desert

Introduction

Glossary

predator (PRE-duh-tuhr) an animal that hunts other

animals for food (page 7)
qanat (KA-nat) an underground tunnel that brings
water from a spring to a well (page 13)
reservoir (RE-zuh-vwahr) a place where water is
stored (page 13)

Index
acacia tree, 4
Bedouin, 12
desert monitor, 8
fennec fox, 7
jerboa, 7
silver ant, 89
Tuareg, 11

15

To survive in the Sahara, many plants and

animals have adapted to the hot, dry climate.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

People can also change the desert in ways

that other animals cannot. They can create
tools to bring water to the surface. But not
every change is good for the desert. It is
important to use desert resources wisely.
In order to preserve life in the desert,
people must think about how their actions
will affect its future.
When people
pump water from
deep under the
ground, they
may be using up
water that cant
be replaced.

14

Survival in the Sahara Desert

People must adapt to the desert climate

by wearing clothes and building homes that
protect them from the desert heat.

Informational
Nonfiction

Survival
in the
Sahara Desert
by Kathy Kinsner

Not all of the Sahara Desert is covered with sand.

These rock formations add an eerie look to the
desert view.

However, about 80 percent of the worlds

deserts are not sandy. This is true in parts
of the Sahara. Deserts begin as rock. The
rock is worn away and broken apart by wind,
rainstorms, and changing temperatures. Over
time, the rock is broken into smaller and
smaller pieces. The rock breaks down first
into boulders, then into stones, and finally
into sand. In some areas, the Sahara is made
up of huge rocks and gravel and sand.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

In a dry desert climate, some plants have

adapted ways to collect and conserve water.
The acacia tree can live in parts of the
Sahara that get as little as 1 inch (2.5 cm) of
rain per year. It survives there because it has
thorns, leaves, and roots that are perfect for
life in the desert. The acacias leaves protect
the trees bark from the dry desert wind. It
has roots that help it reach water that is deep
in the ground or many feet away.

The thorns of
the acacia tree
discourage animals
from eating it.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Plants: Finding the Water

Survival in the Sahara Desert

Chapter 1

In some parts of the Sahara, people dig

underground tunnels called qanats to bring
water to the desert. The water comes from
a spring near the mountains and flows
downhill through the qanat. At the end of
the qanat, people dig a well to store water
and bring it to the surface.
In other places in the Sahara, people use
modern methods to turn the desert from
brown to green. In the deserts of Farafra,
Egypt, there is a reservoir of fresh water far
below the ground. The Egyptian government
built deep wells to bring this water to the
surface. Now people can live and farm in a
place that was once a barren desert.

EFTFSU
HBSEFO

XFMM
4

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Bedouin tents provide
protection from the
desert sun.

In other parts of
the Sahara, people
live in tents. The Bedouins move their tents
from place to place so their herds can graze
on desert plants. The tent sides can be lifted
so air can pass through. When the Bedouins
move on, they carry their homes with them.

#SJOHJOH
8BUFS
UP
UIF
%FTFSU

Survival in the Sahara Desert

In some parts of
the Sahara, people
escape the heat
by building homes
under the ground.
For example, in the
deserts of Matmata,
Tunisia, people
have been living in
underground homes
for 2,000 years.

A Welcome Sight
An oasis is a welcome sight for desert
travelers. Its a place where underground
water reaches Earths surface. The far-off
date palms in an oasis shimmer in the
sun. They alert thirsty travelers that there
is water nearby.
Almost every part of the date palm is
useful. Its fruit can be eaten. Its seeds
can be ground up and used for camel
feed or as a substitute for coffee. Its
wood and leaves can be used to make
fuel, rope, and building materials. Leaves
from a date palm can be used for huts,
fences, basketseven sandals. And the
sap of the date palm is drinkable.

TQSJOH
RBOBU
12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Animals: Beating the Heat

Like plants, animals that live in the desert
must be able to survive with very little water.
And they must be able to adapt to the intense
desert heat.
Temperatures in the Sahara often rise
to around 100F (38C) during the day. At
night, the desert cools off quickly to
around 36F (2C).

$EGREES $EGREES
#ELSIUS &AHRENHEIT



























*AN

4EMPERATURESIN%L'OLEA!LGERIA

&EB -ARCH !PRIL -AY *UNE *ULY

!UG 3EPT /CT

.OV

!VERAGE$AYTIME
!VERAGE.IGHTTIME

Compare the average daytime and nighttime

temperatures in the Sahara. Its easy to see why
many animals are active at night.

$EC

Survival in the Sahara Desert

Chapter 2

The People of the Veil

One million Tuareg
people live on the edges
of the Sahara. The Tuareg
people are nomads. They
move from place to
place. They herd sheep,
goats, and camels.
The name Tuareg means
people of the veil.
Silken, loose-fitting robes
protect the Tuareg people
from sun, thorns, and
desert dust.

In most deserts, water is too scarce to

support human life. Most desert people have
to live near an oasis or a river.
Some people live at the edges of the desert
where conditions are not so harsh. There they
keep herds of animals. But plants are scarce
and the people must move their animals from
place to place in search of food.

11

People: Changing the Land

Like plants and animals, people must find
ways to survive in the desert. They need to
find ways to collect and conserve the water
they need to survive. And people have to
protect themselves from the desert heat.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

Survival in the Sahara Desert

The fennec fox loses heat through its large ears.

The town of Ghardaia, Algeria, grew up near

an oasis, where the people could get water.

10

Some animals adapt to the daytime heat

by sleeping during the day. They become
active hunters at night when it is cooler.
The fennec fox and the jerboa are two
Sahara animals that are active at night. The
fennec digs a long burrow under the dunes.
It stays cool in this burrow during the day.
At night, the fennec emerges to begin a long
search for food.
The jerboa escapes predators that lurk
nearby in the desert by running up to
22 miles per hour (35 km/h) and by leaping
up to 10 feet (305 cm) in the air.

The desert monitor is a lizard that can

grow up to 5 feet (152 cm) long. Its nostrils
are close to its eyes. This adaptation keeps
it from getting dirt into its nostrils when it
burrows into the soil to cool off.
Unlike the jerboa, the desert monitor is
active during the daytime. Each morning it
sets off in search of food. When it finds an
animal asleep in a burrow it digs in and grabs
the animal with its sharp teeth and claws.
Tiny silver ants escape the heat by
climbing on desert plants a few inches above
the ground where the air is cooler. Silver ants
can survive temperatures up to 128F (53C).
They exist by eating insects that have died in
the heat.
8

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Survival in the Sahara Desert

A desert monitor
may travel up to
3 miles (5 km) in
search of food.

The silver ant has an enemy called the ant

lizard. The ant lizard cant survive outside
in the intense desert heat. When it gets too
hot, the ant lizard slips into its burrow. Then
silver ants have a short time to look for food
without being swallowed themselves.

Built for the Desert

Camels dont really carry water in their
humps. But they can go a week without
drinking. Some camels can go more than
a month without water. A camel actually
stores body fat in its hump. When the
camel has to go without food, it uses the
stored fat for energy.
The lumbering camels long legs keep its
body away from the heat of the ground.
Its broad feet keep it from sinking into
the desert sand. The camel can even
close its nostrils during a sandstorm.

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week we are reading Roadrunners Dance.

Snake is a bully and is frightening people. He wont let
them use the road. Desert Woman gave snake a rattle
so that others would know when he was nearby. I will
keep reading to nd out if this solution was successful.

WORDS TO KNOW
agile

awkward

guardian

interfere

proclaimed

convinced

This Weeks Skills

(fold here)

Tessies Tale How could we make up a story about an

old woman named Tessie and her grandson Eric? Lets
use the words and try.

SPELLING WORDS
radar

wiper

stolen

level

limit

habit

razor

never

famous

bison

pity

talent

cabin

cider

easel

diver

nish

spoken

promise

Speed Spell Lets see how many words you can spell in
one minute. Ill give you words to spell. At the end of a
minute, lets see how many words you spelled correctly.
Want to try again?

Vocabulary: thesaurussynonyms
Spelling/Phonics: open syllables

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

river

Comprehension: problem and solution

Name
303

How Ridiculous Can

You Be?

Make it go on a diet.
Wiggle like
a snake.

Directions
Flip a coin to see who goes first.
The winner chooses one problem to solve, and the loser
takes the other problem.
Players then take turns. They flip different coins. When a
coin lands on Heads, the player moves 2 spaces. When it
lands on Tails, the player moves 1 space.
If a square helps solve a problem, the player goes again.
Some squares will help solve either problem.
The first player to reach his or her solution wins the game.

Shout, Boo!
Yell
for
help.

Tickle
two or
three
clowns.
Try to squeeze it
out the window.

There is an elephant
in the room. How do
you get it out?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

You are stuck in a

circus car with 20
clowns. How do
you get out?

Pretend you
dont see it.

Sing off-key.

Go to sleep and
enjoy the nap.

Say: First one

out wins $10.

Let it stay and be

part of the family.
Shout:
A twofoot
spider!

Make the
door bigger.

Hide
and let
someone
else worry.

Problem
solved.

304

Heres a problem and solution game we can play.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras

Esta semana estamos leyendo Roadrunners Dance.

Serpiente es antiptica y asusta a la gente y no deja
que nadie use el camino. Mujer del desierto le dio a
Serpiente un cascabel para que los dems lo oyeran.
Voy a seguir leyendo para ver si esta solucin tuvo
xito.

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
agile

awkward

guardian

interfere

proclaimed

convinced

(fold here)

La historia de Tessie Vamos a inventar un cuento

sobre una anciana llamada Tessie y su nieto, Eric.
Tratemos de usar todas las palabras de la lista.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
radar

wiper

stolen

level

limit

habit

razor

never

famous

bison

pity

talent

cabin

cider

easel

diver

nish

spoken

promise

A toda velocidad Vamos a ver cuntas palabras

puedes deletrear en un minuto. Te voy a dar palabras
para que deletrees. Al cumplirse el minuto, vamos a ver
cuntas palabras deletreaste correctamente. Quieres
jugar otra vez?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

river

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: problema y solucin
Vocabulario: tesaurosinnimos
Ortografa/Fontica: slabas abiertas

Nombre
305

Cun ridculo
puedes ser?

Make it go on a diet.
Wiggle like
a snake.

Directions
Flip a coin to see who goes first.
The winner chooses one problem to solve, and the loser
takes the other problem.
Players then take turns. They flip different coins. When a
coin lands on Heads, the player moves 2 spaces. When it
lands on Tails, the player moves 1 space.
If a square helps solve a problem, the player goes again.
Some squares will help solve either problem.
The first player to reach his or her solution wins the game.

There is an elephant
in the room. How do
you get it out?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

You are stuck in a

circus car with 20
clowns. How do
you get out?

Pretend you
dont see it.

Yell
for
help.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Try to squeeze it
out the window.

Shout, Boo!

Tickle
two or
three
clowns.

Sing off-key.

Go to sleep and
enjoy the nap.

Say: First one

out wins $10.

Let it stay and be

part of the family.
Shout:
A twofoot
spider!

Make the
door bigger.

Hide
and let
someone
else worry.

Problem
solved.

306

A continuacin hay un juego de problema y solucin que

podemos jugar.

Summarize

Problem

Record problems and solutions from

one of the tales on a chart. Then use
the information to summarize the tale.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Think and Compare

1. Reread the Spider and the Turtle.

Solution

What problem did the turtle have?

Three
Tricky
Tales
by Anne Miranda
illustrated by Craig Spearing

How did he solve it? (Problem and Solution)

proclaimed that she was the kings guardian. Do

you think this trick was funny or mean? Explain
why. (Synthesize)
3. In each story, one character interferes with another
and by the end learns a lesson. Which lesson was
most important? How does this lesson apply to
real life? (Apply)

Three Tricky Tales

2. In The Monkey and the Tiger, the monkey

Table of Contents
The Jay and the Coyote . . . . .2
The Monkey and the Tiger . . . 8
The Spider and the Turtle . . . 14
Comprehension Check . . . . . .20

20

Once, a very long time ago, the jay was

just as plain as plain could be. He was the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Jay and the Coyote

color of the sand and the bark of the tall

pine trees.
The jay lived near a beautiful lake. He
admired the cool blue color of the sparkling
water. He spent many happy hours flying
The spider did not want to miss a

over it. One day, the jay went for a swim.

single bite of the turtles feast. She had to

Oh lake, what a beautiful color are you.

I wish that my feathers were shiny blue.
On sapphire wings, cross the sky Id flee.
The happiest bird in the air would I be.

Three Tricky Tales

He sang praises to the lake as he bathed:

think of a way to sink! So she filled the

pockets of her vest with stones. Down,
down, down she went.
The spider was about to sit down at
the table. The turtle said, It isnt polite to
sit at the table in your vest. I have taken
mine off, as you can see.
The spider did not want to miss a bite
of the turtles feast, so she took off her
vest. Up, up, up she went. She tried to
dive back down. But she was too light.
She floated back up again and again as
the turtle enjoyed his delicious feast.

19

She did not want to miss a free meal.

So she went down to the turtles house.
What is that delicious smell? she asked.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The turtle went home and prepared a

feast. The spider could smell the food.

The lake enjoyed the song very much,

so she turned the jay the color of her
shimmering water. The blue jay was as
happy as he could be.
Now as it happened, a coyote had

Dinner, replied the turtle.

come to the lake in search of food. She

saw the blue jay dancing for joy. The

May I join you? asked the spider.

coyote was very hungry. But she didnt

Now, in the turtles village, it would

think about her empty stomach. She was

jealous of the blue jays beautiful color.

share a meal. So he did.

How the coyote longed to be blue, too!

The food was on a table at the bottom

of the lake. The turtle dove in and the
spider followed. But the spider didnt sink.
She floated on the surface of the lake.

Three Tricky Tales

have been rude not to ask the spider to

The coyote called, Brother Jay!

The startled blue jay flipped around.
He hadnt seen the sandy-colored coyote
creeping along the shore. By all rights, the
blue jay should have been the coyotes
lunch. The blue jay flew up to a branch
of a tree. He was safe and out of reach.
What do you want? asked the blue jay.
I want to know how you came to be
such a beautiful shade of blue, replied
the coyote. Share your secret with me,
Brother Jay!

18

hesitant to interfere. I

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The blue jay was

am a creature of the sky,
he thought. If I am blue, what
harm is there in that? But the
coyote is a creature of the earth.
If she is blue, what will happen then?
If this is one of the coyotes tricks, its

The turtle waddled off to the lake. The

likely to turn on her. What should I do?

know how I yearn to be blue!

Oh, but I am convinced, Sister Coyote,
said the blue jay. I will tell you because
you seem sincere. Go into the water and
sing praises to the lake. If the lake enjoys
your song, she will turn you blue.

gobbled down the rest of the yams.

Three Tricky Tales

Please, begged the coyote. You dont

spider didnt wait another second. She

The turtle scrubbed his hands and

feet. Once they were washed, the turtle
wrapped them in leaves so they wouldnt
get dirty. Then he waddled back across
the mud to the spiders house.
Do forgive me, Turtle, said the spider.
You took so long. I was afraid you
werent going to return. So I ate the rest
of the yams while they were still hot.
Theres nothing left? sighed the turtle.
I guess Ill go home and make something
to eat. Come by for a visit. Ill be happy
to share my meal with you.

17

back across the mud to the spiders house,

and he sat down at the table.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The turtle scrubbed his hands and feet.

Once they were washed, the turtle waddled

Do forgive me, Turtle, said the spider.

The lake was moved by the coyotes

the yams while they were still hot.

desire, so she turned the coyote the color

Theres plenty left, the turtle said

of her shimmering water. The blue coyote

kindly. And Im still hungry.

was as happy as she could be.

feet. My, my, he said. They are dirty,

arent they? I will go down to the lake to
wash up. Will you excuse me?

The blue jay flew to greet her. Sister

Three Tricky Tales

And youre still dirty! gasped the

The turtle tottered and swayed. He

I wish that my fur was such a blue.

Blue from my paws to up on my head.

werent going to return. So I ate some of

nearly fell over trying to see his hands and

Lake, what a beautiful color are you.

Over the land I would happily tread,

You took so long. I was afraid you

spider. Just look at those filthy hands.

The coyote plunged into the lake and

began to sing:

Coyote, how beautiful you are.

Certainly, said the spider.

16

was hungrier than ever! Brother

Jay looked mighty tasty to her
just then. She lunged at him. But

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The coyote was beautiful, but

she was still hungry. In fact, she

the blue jay saw her coming and

flew away.
After all Ive done for you,
you still want to eat me? I will
not be a meal for you today,

The agile coyote ran in circles

and snapped wildly at the air.
She tried to catch the bird as
he flew back and forth overhead.
But it was no use. The blue jay
could see every move the blue
coyote made. But the coyote
could not see the blue jay
against the blue sky.
Sister Coyote, you will never
catch me, cawed the blue jay.
Your beautiful blue coat gives
you away. You will surely starve.
And the blue jay flew away.

Three Tricky Tales

proclaimed the blue jay.

They sat down at the table. The spider
spied her chance before the turtle could
take a single bite. The spider said, It isnt
polite to eat without washing your hands.
The turtle tottered and swayed. He
nearly fell over trying to see his hands
and feet. My, my, he said. They are
dirty, arent they? I will go down to the
lake to wash up. Will you excuse me?
Certainly, said the spider.
The turtle waddled off to the lake. The
spider didnt wait another second. She
gobbled down some of the yummy yams.

15

One morning, the spider dug up some

plump yams. She roasted them on the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Spider and the Turtle

fire. The aroma of the steaming yams

For the rest of the day, the coyote

tried to catch something to eat. But
Brother Jay had spoken the truth. The
coyotes blue coat gave her away every
time. She felt awkward. There wasnt a
creature on Earth that couldnt see her

soon filled the air. The yams were soft

coming. She was surely going to starve.

and sweet. The spider put them in a bowl

The beautiful blue coyote threw herself

and hurried to her house. She couldnt

to the ground. She rolled around, sobbing:

wait to sit down and eat them all up.

How foolish I am.

Just as the spider was about to enjoy

I dont want to be blue.

What is that delicious smell? he asked.

Return me, Earth, to a color so true.

Yams, said the spider. I am about to

have my lunch.
May I join you? asked the turtle.
Now, in the spiders village, it would
have been rude not to ask the turtle to
share a meal. So she did. But she tried
to think of a way to get rid of the turtle.
She wanted all the yams for herself.

Three Tricky Tales

her yams, the turtle came for a visit.

Earth took pity on the coyote and

turned her back to her original color.
The grateful coyote thanked Earth. Then
she went off to fill her hungry belly. She
never again wished to be anything other
than what she was.
The coyote and the blue jay spent the
rest of their days on the lookout for each
other. The coyote tried to spot the blue
jay against the blue sky and the blue
jay watched for the sandy-colored coyote
creeping along the shore.

14

The monkey was having a simply

splendid day. Then she spotted a tiger

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Monkey and the Tiger

With that, the monkey slowly stepped

backward. The tiger thought the monkey
was gone.
Now the kings treasure will be mine,

bounding toward her through the jungle.

declared the tiger. He pushed off the

The monkey was sure the tiger would eat

banana leaves and looked into the deep

her on the spot. She had to think fast.

pit. The tiger couldnt see the treasure.

He bent down a little farther. Then the

The monkey covered a big pile of

monkey pushed him in.

coconuts with some banana leaves. She

CRASH! The tiger was trapped. You

marched back and forth in front of it.

tricked me! roared the tiger.

you doing? the tiger demanded.

Im the kings guardian, proclaimed the
monkey. I am guarding the kings food.

Three Tricky Tales

The tiger was intrigued by the monkeys

odd behavior and didnt attack. What are

I may be small, said the monkey. But

I am very clever. Greed got the better of
you, you big, strong, handsome animal.
Then the monkey swung off into the trees.
And she had a splendid day indeed.

13

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Hmm, the tiger thought. The kings

food is bound to be more delicious than
that skinny monkey. Perhaps I can trick
the monkey into giving it to me.
You are too small to be the kings
guardian, said the tiger. A big animal like
me should be the protector of his food.

The monkey stopped to rest. She saw

Tiger, you are a magnificent beast,

the tiger racing to find her. She had to

said the monkey. Im sure the king would

think fast. The monkey saw a deep pit

be honored if you guarded his royal food.

dug into the ground. She covered the pit

back and forth in front of it.
Again, the tiger was so intrigued by the
monkeys odd behavior that he forgot his
rage. What are you doing? he asked.
I am the kings guardian, proclaimed
the monkey. I am guarding his treasure.
A big, strong, handsome animal like
me should be the protector of the kings
treasure, said the tiger.

You may go now, said the tiger. I

Three Tricky Tales

with banana leaves. Then she marched

will take good care of what belongs to

the king. With that, the monkey sprang
into the trees and was gone.
Now the kings royal food will be
mine, declared the tiger. He threw off
the banana leaves and bit down hard.
He nearly broke his teeth.
Coconuts! That monkey tricked me,
roared the tiger. She will suffer for this.

Tiger, you are a magnificent beast,

said the monkey. Im sure the king would
be honored if you guarded his treasure.

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The monkey stopped to rest. Suddenly,

You are much too small to be the

she saw the tiger stalking her through the

kings guardian, said the tiger. A big,

jungle. She had to think fast.

strong animal like me should be the

protector of the kings golden robes.

on the ground. She covered the snake with

banana leaves. Then she marched back and
forth in front of it.
Again, the tiger was so intrigued by the
monkeys odd behavior that he forgot his
rage. What are you doing? he asked.
I am the kings guardian, proclaimed
the monkey. I am guarding the kings
golden robes while hes off for a swim.
If I were to have the kings golden
robes, I would be the finest animal in the

Three Tricky Tales

The monkey saw a golden snake curled

Tiger, you are a magnificent beast,

said the monkey. Im sure the king would
be honored if you guarded his robes.
You may go now, said the tiger. I
will take good care of what belongs to
the king. With that, the monkey sprang
into the trees and was gone.
Now the kings golden robes will be
mine, declared the tiger. He ripped off
the banana leaves. The golden snake
reared up and struck at the tiger.

jungle, thought the tiger. Perhaps I can

A snake! That monkey tricked me,

fool the monkey into giving them to me.

roared the tiger. She will suffer for this.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout

This week we are reading Animals Come Home to

Our National Parks, a group of articles. Im putting all
the details, or facts, together to nd the main idea of
the articles. Mostly, they are about the animals that
live in the different parks. Details tell me that many of
the plants and animals have disappeared. Im learning
what people can do to bring these animals back.

WORDS TO KNOW
journey

roamed

relocated

natural

Crossword Lets put the words into a crossword grid.

Then we can write clues for them. We can give the
puzzle to a family member or friend.

SPELLING WORDS
compound baboon

aoat

staircase

beneath

mermaid

defeat

between

sleepless

trainer

reveal

persuade

oatmeal

repeat

increase

discount

eighteen

approach

domain

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

airfare

(fold here)

completed

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: main ideas and details
Vocabulary: Latin roots
Spelling/Phonics: vowel teams

Missing Vowels Ill make a list of these words leaving

out one of the vowels in each word. Ill give you the list.
You can write in the missing vowels. Then well look over
your list to see how many words you spelled correctly.

Name
317

Kids to the Rescue

Kristen lives in the state of
Washington. She saw that
the numbers of salmon
coming to the streams
were less each year.
She tested the waters
in a few streams. She
wanted to find out if the
streams were polluted
and which had the
healthiest water for
salmon.

Dawn lives in Florida. On a family

outing she saw an unusual burrow.
It was made by a gopher tortoise.
Learning that these animals are
endangered, she joined a group to
help save them.
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

In Indiana, Nathan protects

snakes. He and his dad
drive in a wilderness area. If
they see a snake, they stop.
They move it off the road
where it will be safe from
cars. Nathan keeps
a record of all the
snakes he finds.

In New York, Sara was sad to see that a

beautiful lake was gloomy and choked
with water plants. Fish were dying out. Sara
discovered that pollution was causing this.
She joined with others to try to save the lake.

318

Kids are pitching in to help protect the environment. We

can read what these young people are doing. Lets talk
about what each child would write about in a letter to a
friend. What would the main idea be? What details should
we include?

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
journey

roamed

relocated

natural

Crucigrama Vamos a usar estas palabras para formar

un crucigrama. Luego escribiremos pistas para cada
palabra. Al nal, daremos el crucigrama a un familiar o
un amigo para que lo resuelva.

airfare

compound baboon

aoat

staircase

beneath

mermaid

defeat

between

sleepless

trainer

reveal

persuade

oatmeal

repeat

increase

discount

eighteen

approach

domain

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

completed

Esta semana estamos leyendo un grupo de artculos

llamados Animals Come Home to Our National Parks.
Estoy concentrndome en todos los factores, o detalles,
para encontrar la idea principal de los artculos. Tratan
principalmente de todos los animales que viven en los
distintos parques. Los detalles me indican que muchas de
las plantas y animales han desaparecido de los parques.
Estoy aprendiendo qu se puede hacer para que estos
animales vuelvan.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: idea principal y detalles
Vocabulario: races del latn
Ortografa/Fontica: equipos de vocales

Vocales faltantes Voy a hacer una lista de estas

palabras dejando fuera una vocal de cada palabra.
Te voy a dar la lista. T puedes escribir las vocales que
faltan. Entonces veremos tu lista para ver cuntas
palabras escribiste correctamente.
319

Nombre

Al rescate!

Kristen lives in the state of

Washington. She saw that
the numbers of salmon
coming to the streams
were less each year. She
tested the waters in a few
streams. She wanted to
find out if the streams
were polluted and which
had the healthiest
water for salmon.

Dawn lives in Florida. On

a family outing she saw
an unusual burrow. It was
made by a gopher tortoise.
Learning that these animals
are endangered, she joined a
group to help save them.
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

In Indiana, Nathan protects

snakes. He and his dad drive in
a wilderness area. If they see a
snake, they stop. They move it
off the road where it will be
safe from cars. Nathan
keeps a record of all
the snakes he finds.

In New York, Sara was sad to see that a

beautiful lake was gloomy and choked
with water plants. Fish were dying out. Sara
discovered that pollution was causing this.
She joined with others to try to save the lake.

320

Los nios colaboran en la proteccin del medio ambiente.

Podemos leer aqu algunas de las cosas que hacen estos
jvenes. Vamos a hablar de lo que cada uno de ellos podra
contarle a un amigo en una carta. Cul sera la idea
principal? Qu detalles deberimos incluir?

Summarize

Detail

Identify the main idea

Detail

in one chapter from the

Detail

book. Give at least two

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Preserving Unique Places

Our National Parks

by Emily Wortman-Wunder

Main Idea

main idea.

Think and Compare

1. Look at the diagram on page 6.
Summarize the three steps of how a
fossil is formed. (Main Idea and Details)
2. Describe a national park or monument
that you have visited or heard
about. How is it special? (Apply)
3. Do you think it is important to preserve
land in national parks? Explain your
reasons. (Synthesize/Evaluate)

24

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

details that support the

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter One
Badlands National Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Death Valley National Park . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 3
Big Bend National Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

The land in southern Texas along the

Rio Grande River is harsh. In summer

Index
Badlands, 3, 49, 21
Big Bend National Park, 3, 1520, 21
black-footed ferret, 7
Chisos Mountains, 16

winter northern storms bring cold winds

Chihuahaun Desert, 18, 19

over water as it rushes down the river.

Despite these conditions it is a land of
variety and beauty. The geography of the
area includes a hot desert, cool mountains,
and river valleys. The river has created
spectacular canyons. After a rain storm
the desert blooms with wildflowers and
cactus plants.
In the 1930s people who loved this
land of dramatic contrasts took action
to preserve it.
They believed
that it should
be turned into
a National Park.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

temperatures reach 180F (82.2C). In

and freezing temperatures. Steep cliffs loom

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

Death Valley National Park, 3, 1014, 21

European settlers, 10
fossils, 6, 8, 21
Lakota, 8
petroglyphs, 14
prairie, 7
pupfish, 13
Rio Grande River, 2, 15, 17, 20
Shoshone Indians, 1011

23

extinct (ek-STINGKT) when a kind of animal

no longer exists (page 6)
forage (FR-ij) to search for food or supplies
(page 19)
fossil (FOS-uhl) the remains of a plant or
animal that lived long ago (page 6)
geography (jee-OG'- -fee) the natural features
of a place or region (page 2)
geology (jee-AH-luh-jee) the study of Earths
crust, including the study of rocks (page 14)
mammal (MAM-uhl) a kind of animal that is
warm-blooded and has a backbone (page 6)
mesa (MAY-suh) a large, high land form with
steep sides and a flat top (page 5)

22

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

erosion (i-ROH-zhuhn) the process of causing

something to wear away (page 5)

Some people in the nations capital

thought the same way. They didnt want to
preserve only beautiful places. They wanted
parks that would protect unusual natural
areas and rare animals and plants.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

Glossary

Congress was creating new national

parks. One was the Badlands in South
Dakota. Another was Death Valley in
California. A third was Big Bend in Texas.
What makes such places special? Why
would people visit lands that are bad?
Who would journey to visit a swamp?
What is unique about a place where a
river bends?
Many plants and
animals can survive
in Big Bend National
Park.

Badlands National Park

The Badlands of South Dakota is an

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter One

unusual choice for a national park. It looks

other types of land in the United States,
the Badlands look harsh. They are hot in
summer and bitterly cold in winter.

South Dakota Badlands National Park

Scenic
Buffalo Gap
National
Grasslands

Wall
Kodoka

Pine Ridge
Indian Reservation
Badlands
National Park
South
Dakota

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

like nothing could live there. Compared to

Conclusion
The Badlands, Death Valley, and Big
Bend are three unusual national parks.
The Badlands preserves fossils. The fossils
provide many clues to Earths past. Death
Valley protects a desert. Many plants and
animals live there. Big Bend has a diverse
climate and geography.
Tourists enjoy these parks. They go to
them to see nature. Our national parks
help to preserve our great wild lands.

21

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Badlands are very dry. Little

rain falls there. When rain does fall, it
sometimes causes flash floods. The floods
create erosion. More and more soil washes

Big Bend National Park Today

The most popular activity for visitors to
Big Bend is hiking. Chimneys Trail leads to
a rock formation in the desert. The Marufo
Vega Trail passes through canyons on the
way to the Rio Grande.
Visitors to Big Bend can tour the Rio
Grande River. The water can be dangerous
in parts of the river, but the areas
between the canyons are calm.
More than 450 species of birds have
been sited in the park so bird watching is
a popular activity.
Many visitors come to Big Bend just
to enjoy the beauty. They find canyons,

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

away every time it rains or snows.

But the Badlands are wonderful to look
at. The earth is red, pink, orange, brown,
and gray. Erosion has shaped the land into
canyons and mesas. Many animals and
plants have made homes in this strangely
beautiful place.

The Badlands have an unusual beauty.

wildflowers, cactus, mountains, and white

water river all in one great National Park.
20

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

)PX
B
'PTTJM
*T
'PSNFE

After a desert rainfall cactus plants

with names like prickly pear show large
and colorful blossoms. Wildflowers, like
bluebonnets, also bloom in the desert

A fossil begins
to form when a
plant or animal
dies.

Mud covers
the plant or
animal. The mud
preserves it.

Millions of years
pass. The plant or
bones turn into
stone. Then they
are fossils.

An Ancient Marsh
Long ago, the Badlands had rich
marshes. Hundreds of mammals roamed
there. They included wildlife that no longer
exist today. There were giant pigs and
saber-toothed tigers. Fossils of their bones
remain in the park.
The Badlands looked different then. The
land was almost flat. It included watery
areas. There were woods and low hills.
The climate was warm and damp.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

after the rain.

Visitors to the Chihuahuan see few
animals during the day. But at night
the desert comes alive. Animals such
as kangaroo rats and lizards appear
to forage for food.
Snakes too are part of life in the
desert. King snakes, rat snakes, and
even rattlers can all be found in the
Chihuahuan. They
share the desert
with tarantula,
scorpions, and
centipedes.

Over time, the land grew cooler. The

marshes dried up. Some animals relocated.
Others became extinct.
6

19

The Chihuahaun Desert is 800 miles

(1,287 km) long and 250 miles (402 km)
wide. It touches on the states of New

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Desert

National Park is in the northern third of

the desert. The southern part of the desert
extends across the border into Mexico.
In the winter the temperature in the
desert can drop to below freezing. In the
summer it can rise to as high as 120F
(48.89C). Rain falls in the summer months
when it is most needed.
Like the river and the mountains the
Chihuahuan Desert provides a habitat
for living things. It is a green and lush
desert full of plants and animals that are
suited to their
environment.
Rat snakes and
kangaroo rats are
just two of the
many animals that
can live in Big
Bend.

18

Many animals and plants still live in this

harsh land. Today, antelope, bighorn sheep,
and buffalo roam the park. Many birds
nest there.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. Big Bend

Animals in the Badlands Today

There are also rare mammals in the

park. One is the black-footed ferret. People
worried that these weasel-like creatures had
become extinct. But they still survive here.
Many plants and animals found in the Badlands
also live on the surrounding prairie.

Hiking is popular in Badlands National

Park. From a trail, you might see buffalo
in their natural setting. You can hunt for

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Enjoying the Badlands

get maps and information.

The Lakota
For centuries the Lakota Indians lived near the
Badlands. They called the area mako (land) sica
(bad). They had legends about it. One said that
the Badlands were created by a giant storm.
The early Lakota were farmers and hunters. They
lived in villages part of the year. The rest of the
year they traveled to hunt buffalo. Around 1600, they
brought horses north. The horses helped them hunt
and trade.
In 1890 the U.S. Army fought the Lakota. The army
moved them to a reservation. Many still live there.
It is the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.

between Texas and Mexico. In Mexico it is

called the Rio Brava. Within the park the
river twists and turns for 118 miles (190 km).
desert and through the mountains.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

The park has two camping areas. It also

The Rio Grande River forms the border

It is like a ribbon of green across the dry

fossils. You arent allowed to move them.

has two visitors centers. There you can

River

Over the years the river has carved

three steep canyons, or valleys, through
the mountains. They are Santa Elena,
Marixcal, and Boquillas.
Some parts of the river are white water,
but between the canyons the waters are
slow and quiet. Those areas are home to
garfish and turtles. Visitors to the park
can see the marks of beaver in the willow
trees along the river.

17

The desert area of Big Bend National

Park is bordered by the Chisos Mountains.
The mountains bring color and creatures

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Mountains

Green plants, shrubs, and bushes fill the

lower regions of the mountains. Higher
up small trees grow. Some Big Bend
trees, like the Chisos oaks, do not grow
anywhere else in the world.
Black bears live in the mountains. So do
mule deer. In the United States one type
of white tailed deer is found only in the
Chisos Mountains.
The highest peak in the Chisos Mountains is
Emory Peak. It rises 7,832 feet (2,387 meters).

16

Rangers lead
guided hikes. You
can also hike on
your own.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

you dont often see in a desert area.

This dinosaur fossil was

found in the Badlands.

Death Valley National Park

There is an even harsher land than the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

Big Bend National Park

Big Bend National Park covers 801,000
acres of land in Texas. The name Big

and Nevada.

Bend comes from a wide U-turn the Rio

Death Valley has a long human history.

People have lived there for thousands of
years. The Shoshone Indians were living
there when settlers from Europe arrived.
The settlers were hunting for gold.

Death Valley National Park

California

Pacific
Ocean

Death Valley
National Park

Furnace Creek
Wash

Nevada
Death Valley
Wash

Amargosa
River

Arizona

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

Badlands. It is Death Valley, in California

Grande River makes as it travels through

Texas. The park is a last great wilderness
area of Texas.
Big Bend National Park has three
natural geographic areas. They are hot
dry desert, cool mountains, and fertile river
valleys. Each area provides its own habitat.
This means there is a great diversity of
plant and animal life in the park.

Big Bend National Park

Oklahoma
Arkansas
New Mexico

Big Bend
National Park

Texas
Austin

Park Headquarters

10

15

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

In 1933, the government took most of

Death Valley away from the Shoshone. The
valley became a national monument. Then
it became a national park. Some of the
land was returned to the Shoshone

Long ago, people carved this petroglyph on

a stone wall in Death Valley.

Exploring the Park

Visitors can enjoy Death Valley in many
ways. Some people go there to hike and
enjoy the beautiful vistas. Others drive
through it, while still others visit museums.
There are many things to discover and
explore. The ancient Indian petroglyphs, or
carvings on stone, fascinate many tourists.
Tourists also have a great time exploring
old mining ghost towns. And, of course,
there is the land itself. Some people come
just to learn about the parks geology.

14

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

in 2003.
Death Valley is a hard place to survive,
but it is not as harsh as its name. A
group of pioneers named Death Valley.
They were trying to cross it and got lost
for several days. Their journey was hard,
but only one person died.
Death Valley includes sand dunes and mountains.

11

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A living desert might sound

impossible. Arent all deserts dead? Not
at all. Death Valley has over 600 kinds of
plants. Over 200 birds streak across its
skies as 19 different kinds of snakes slither

Desert shrubs grow along the sides of the valley.

They can live in hot, dry conditions.

A Living Desert
A desert is a place that gets less than
10 inches (254 mm) of rain each year.
Death Valley gets less than two inches
(50 mm). Most deserts get hot, but
Death Valley is the hottest place in the
United States.
The floor of Death Valley lies below
sea level. But the park also includes
mountains. Different types of plants and
animals live in the high and low areas.

Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks

across its sand. It has dozens of mammals.

It has rare plants and animals. Believe it
or not, this desert even has fish.

An Endangered Desert Fish

One rare animal in Death Valley is the pupfish. This
tiny fish can live in hot, salty, desert water. But it
exists only in the U.S. and Mexico. Some kinds of
pupfish are endangered.

Death Valley is unusual in many ways.

12

13

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
brittle

current

eventually

reef

suburbs

partnership
(fold here)

Silly Stories Lets make up a silly story with the words.

For example, we could tell of a coral reef gobbling up a
town.

SPELLING WORDS
singer

zipper

harbor

grader

enter

powder

elevator polar

danger

tanker

collar

daughter popular

victor

pepper

anchor

cheddar barber

odor

er, ar, or or? All the spelling words this week have
the same ending sound, but the sounds are spelled
differently. Ill write the spelling words, leaving off
the last two letters of each word. You can write in the
correct ending. Well go over your words together.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

grocer

Did you know that a coral reef is a living thing?

It is made up of millions of tiny animals called coral
polyps. Were reading about the coral reef this week
in At Home in the Coral Reef. Im reading about all the
animals and plants that live in this environment. As
I read, Ill be able to compare the coral reef with
other sea environments. Ill learn how they are alike
and different.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: compare and contrast
Vocabulary: context clues
multiple-meaning words
Spelling/Phonics: pronouncing
er, ar, and or at the end of
words

Name
333

You, the Illustrator

Try your hand at illustrating. Choose two
different animals or plants. Draw them as
best you can. If you are able, add labels.
Show your illustrations to a family member.
Tell how they are different and alike.

334

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
brittle

current

eventually

reef

suburbs

partnership
(fold here)

Cuento fantstico Vamos a inventar un cuento

fantstico con las palabras. Podramos hablar sobre un
arrecife de coral que se traga un pueblo entero.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
singer

enter

powder elevator polar

danger tanker
victor

zipper

collar

harbor

grader
odor

daughter popular

pepper anchor cheddar

barber

Cmo terminan? Aunque todas las palabras de

ortografa de esta semana tienen el mismo sonido nal,
ese sonido no se escribe igual. Voy a escribir todas las
palabras de la lista, pero sin las ltimas dos letras. T
debes escribir la terminacin apropiada. Revisaremos las
palabras juntos.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

grocer

Saban que un arrecife de coral es algo que

tiene vida? Est formado por millones de animalitos
pequeos llamados plipos de coral. Esta semana
estamos leyendo sobre los arrecifes de coral en un libro
llamado At Home in the Coral Reef. Estoy leyendo sobre
todas las plantas y animales que viven en este medio
ambiente. A medida que lea podr comparar el arrecife
de coral con otros ambientes marinos. Aprender
en qu se parecen y cmo se diferencian.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: comparar y contrastar
Vocabulario: claves de contexto palabras
con varios signicados
Ortografa/Fontica: la
pronunciacin de er,
ar y or al nal
de palabra

Nombre
335

T, ilustrador
Tienes mano para el dibujo? Intenta hacer
de ilustrador. Escoge dos animales o plantas
diferentes. Dibjalos lo mejor que puedas.
Si quieres, agrega rtulos a las ilustraciones.
Mustraselas a un familiar. Dile en qu se
parecen y en qu se diferencian.

336

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Summarize

Different
Alike

Use a Venn diagram to help

you compare and contrast
two of the natural forces that

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

change Earths surfaces. Then

use the completed diagram to help you summarize
the book.

Changing
Earth
by Barbara M. Linde

Think and Compare

1. Turn to pages 10-11 of this book. How are
tsunami waves like other waves? How are they

2. What kinds of changes to Earths surface have

you seen? What do you think caused them?
(Apply)
3. Scientists from all over the world continue to
explore changes to the surface of Earth. What
do they hope to learn? How will their research
help us? (Evaluate/Synthesize)

Changing Earth

different? (Compare and Contrast)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Shifts in the Land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Changes Due to Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter 3
Changes Due to Weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

Have you ever seen photographs of Earth

taken from outer space? Earth looks about

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction
the same in all of them. Its always round.
You always see land and water. From far

Glossary
deposition (dep-uh-ZIH-shuhn) the addition of
material to a landform (page 8)
earthquake (URTH-kwayk) the movement of one or
more of Earths plates (page 4)
erosion (i-ROH-zhuhn) a wearing or washing away
over time (page 6)

away, youd think that Earth does not change

very much. But that is not true.

glacier (GLAY-shuhr) a large body of ice formed by

built-up ice and snow (page 6)

In fact, Earth is always changing. Waves

and weather change Earths surface. The

hurricane (HUR-i-kayn) a storm with strong winds,

thunderstorms, and rain (page 15)

land moves and causes changes. Old

Earthquakes, volcanoes, and hurricanes are
natural disasters. They change Earths surface.
In this book youll find out more about the
forces that change the surface of Earth. Youll
learn how these changes affect Earth.
Earthquakes, landslides, and volcanoes
change the surface of Earth.

Changing Earth

features disappear, and new features form.

tornado (tawr-NAY-doh) a spinning, funnel-shaped
column of wind (page 15)
volcano (vol-KAY-noh) an opening in Earth through
which gases and molten rock erupt (page 5)

Index
coral, 8

hurricane, 2, 1415

current, 10, 12

landslide, 3, 7

delta, 12

rivers, 4, 12

deposition, 8, 18

tornado, 1415

dunes, 16

volcano, 2, 5, 7

earthquake, 2, 4, 7, 11

water cycle, 9

erosion, 6, 7, 16, 18

weathering, 1718

Florida, 8, 10, 1215,

winds, 8, 11, 13, 1516

glacier, 6
2

19

The surface of Earth changes all the time.

Waves, weather, and movement shape the
land. Weathering, erosion, and deposition

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion
cause changes. Natural disasters change the
shape of Earth, too. Changes go on every
day. Changes will continue in the future.
Scientists learn more about these changes
all the time. Today they understand the
processes better. They have learned more
surface of Earth. You can learn more about
our changing Earth, too. Watch the waves on
a beach. Look at a hillside near your home.
Read more books and magazines about our
fascinating, ever-changing Earth!

18

Changing Earth

about the effects of the changes on the

Shifts in the Land

Earths crust and upper mantle are made

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

CHAPTER

Weathering
Weathering is the breaking up of rock,
wood, soil, and minerals from contact with the
atmosphere. The materials break up or loosen,
but they stay in place. Physical weathering

up of large, thin, stiff plates. These plates

is a slow process. It is caused by changes

border each other. Sometimes one of the

in temperature. Water and ice also cause

plates shifts and moves against another

physical weathering. Rain may get into cracks

plate. This movement causes an earthquake.

in a rock. The rain might freeze and form ice.

Scientists know there are around 20,000

Then the ice expands. The pressure of the ice

earthquakes every year.

may crack the rock even more.

Earthquakes cause changes in the surface

crashed into each other. The force of the
crashes made parts of the crust rise or fall.
The rising and falling crust formed mountain
ranges. Small or large cracks may suddenly
open up in the ground. The course of a river
can change quickly. Blocks of soil can rush
downward or sideways. Soil under the ground
moves and makes openings on Earths surface.

Rocks are made up of different kinds of

Changing Earth

of Earth. Over millions of years, some plates

minerals. Water and chemicals in the air can

change some of the minerals in the rocks.
Sometimes the rocks change color. Other
times the rocks may slowly break up. This
slow process is called chemical weathering.

Rainwater made the lava very brittle. As a result,

the lava cracks easily.

Earthquakes create
cracks called faults.
The San Andreas Fault
is in California. You
can see 625 miles of
the fault on the land.

17

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Dunes act as a barrier between the ocean and the
land. They keep the land behind them from eroding.

Volcanoes
Hot molten, or semi-liquid, rocks and gases
build up underground over a long period.
Then suddenly they erupt, or break through
Earths crust. The opening where the eruption
takes place is called a volcano. The molten
rock, called lava, flows out of the volcano.

Winds

Lava destroys things in its path. Eventually

Wind causes erosion by blowing away the

the lava cools off and hardens. It sometimes

top layers of soil. The wind deposits this

forms a mountain around the volcano. Or the

material in other areas, changing some of

lava flows outward and forms new land.

Sometimes particles of sand and dust in

the wind rub against the surface of rocks.
Over long periods of time, the particles wear
away parts of the rock.
The rocks change into
amazing new shapes.
Strong winds move sand

Changing Earth

Earths features.

Mount St. Helens

Mount St. Helens is an active volcano. On
May 18, 1980, it erupted for nine hours. The
eruption blew off one side of the mountain.
The blast blew down whole forests. Ash and
rock buried other forests. Hot ash and gases
melted some of the snow on the mountain.
The melted snow caused mudflows.

across beaches and create

huge hills. These hills are
called dunes. Small plants
grow in the dunes. The
plants roots hold the sand
in place. Sometimes high
waves drag some of the
sand back onto the beach.
16

Wind erosion
created Delicate
Arch and other
arches in Arches
National Park, Utah.

Mount St. Helens

before 1980

Mount St. Helens

erupting in 1980

Mount St. Helens

in 2006
5

A glacier is a large body of ice. It forms

when snow and ice build up from year to
year. Some glaciers are thousands of years

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Glaciers

A hurricane is a warm-water storm. It has

strong winds, heavy rain, and thunderstorms.
Hurricane season lasts from June through

old. One kind of glacier forms in mountain

November. The winds destroy plants and alter

valleys. The huge ice sheets that cover

the shape of beaches. Rain may cause floods.

Antarctica and the North Pole are also

A tornado is a spinning, funnel-shaped

glaciers.

column of wind. It travels across the surface

Glaciers move downward as they grow.

of the land or sea. Tornadoes damage or

destroy buildings and plants. Most places

rock, and other materials with them. This

have two tornado seasons. One is from June

movement of materials is called erosion.

to September. The other is from February

They also leave large holes in the ground.

The holes fill with melted ice and form lakes.

The land surface in Antarctica is covered by an

ice sheet. Parts of the sheet are 2.6 miles (4,200
meters) thick. The ice sheet formed over 40 million
years ago.

Changing Earth

They often carry parts of mountains, loose

Melting glaciers leave behind piles of rock.

Hurricanes and Tornadoes

to April. The worst tornadoes usually occur

between February and April.

Tornadoes occur during some thunderstorms.

15

surface. Heavy rains and melting snow cause

flooding. Winds blow sand and dirt around.
Dry weather may cause large cracks in the
ground. Dry weather also loosens the soil.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The effects of weather change Earths

Wind can blow away the loose soil.

Landslides occur all over the world. They can

happen on any slope. A landslide usually starts
slowly but quickly gains speed and size.

Hurricanes in 2004

Landslides
Changing Earth

The year 2004 was the worst on record for

hurricanes. There were six big hurricanes. All
of the storms caused flooding. Plants and
buildings suffered a lot of damage.

A landslide is the flow of rocks or soil

down a slope. Hills and mountains are two
kinds of slopes. A landslide usually occurs in
a kind of partnership. First, theres a volcano,
earthquake, wildfire, or flood. This event
weakens the slope. Then gravity makes the
rock and soil move downward. Erosion from
the landslide changes the surface of the
slope. The landslide may also damage other
things in its path.
Cities and suburbs are often built too close
to slopes. Landslides may damage them.

Hurricane Ivan destroyed many homes.

Buildings on hillsides may weaken the land.

Then an earthquake, heavy rain, or snow
could start a landslide.

14

Deposition takes place when material is

added to a landform. Wind, water, and ice
can all cause deposition.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Deposition

CHAPTER

Changes Due to Weather

Weather occurs close to the surface of
Earth. Weather includes temperature, air

The Florida Keys were formed by

deposition. Long ago, forests of tiny creatures

pressure, and humidity. Wind, clouds, and

called coral grew in the ocean off the coast

sunshine are weather, too. Precipitation is part

of Florida. The coral built up to form a large

of weather. Thunderstorms, lightning, and dust

underwater reef, or ridge. Over time, the level

storms are also weather.

of water in the ocean dropped. The coral

Every place on Earth has weather. Some

died. Sand and other things built up on the

places, like western Australia, have the same

times. Finally, parts of the reef were again

above water. The Florida Keys are the tops of
the reef.

Changing Earth

reef. The water level rose and fell a few more

weather for months. In other places the

weather may change quickly. One day can be
sunny and hot. The next day might be cloudy
and cool.

There are about 800 islands in the Florida Keys.

The Keys are just over 100 miles long. Most of the
land is only a few feet above sea level.

People enjoy sunny, warm days.

8

13

A river is a body of water that flows from

one place to another. Gravity makes rivers
flow downward. They go from a high place

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Rivers

into a lake, another river, or the ocean. Rivers

is the movement

of the river.
A river current carries material downstream.

on, and below the

surface of Earth.

Changing Earth

the river. This is where the river flows into

The Apalachicola River Delta is in Florida. It forms

in the Gulf of Mexico.

Condensation

of water above,

The current slows down at the mouth of

shaped like a triangle.

Three-quarters of Earths surface is covered

The water cycle

deposition forms new features along the path

in the mouth of the river is called a delta. Its

Changes Due to Water

land. The water cycle replaces Earths water.

mud and other material downstream. Then

material at its mouth. The land that is formed

with water. Water makes many changes to the

erode the land upstream. The current carries

another body of water. The river deposits

CHAPTER

Precipitation
Runoff

Temperature, air

Evaporation

pressure, and
landforms all
affect the water
cycle. Most of the
water on Earth is

The same water is recycled

all the time. Drops of water
in the cycle may be millions
of years old.

in the ocean. Heat

from the sun warms the water. Some water
evaporates, or changes into a gas called water
vapor. The water vapor rises into the colder
air where it changes back into a liquid. Drops
of water join together and form clouds. Some
clouds get too full of water. The water falls
to Earth as precipitation. Rain, snow, sleet,
and hail are all forms of precipitation. Most
precipitation falls into the ocean.

12

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Protecting beaches is very important. Workers
add new sand to the beaches. City and state laws
protect beaches from too much use.

A wave is the rise and fall of the waters

surface. When waves move into shallow water,
they get taller. Their speed slows down until
they break on the shore. The waves bring
sand from the deeper ocean onto the shore.
They deposit some of the sand on the beach.
Then they wash over it and take away small

A tsunami is a series of huge waves.

The wind does not cause a tsunami. An
underground earthquake or a volcanic
eruption causes a tsunami. Most tsunamis
occur in the Pacific Ocean. As the tsunami
travels through the ocean, it gains strength
and speed. The tsunami pushes huge
amounts of water onto the shore. The force
of the water changes the shape of the
beach. It destroys things in its path. The
water floods the land.

Changing Earth

Waves

Tsunamis

particles. Currents near the shore carry sand

along the ocean floor near the beach. The
currents deposit the sand. It builds up and
forms sandbars. Strong waves also break up
rocks on the beach. Over time, the rocks
wear down and become small bits. The
shoreline is always changing because of the
constant motion of ocean waves.

10

A tsunami formed in the Indian Ocean in

2004. Indonesia and 10 other countries had
floods and other damage. This was the worst
tsunami in history.

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
dove

massive

rumbling

encounter

tangles

unique
(fold here)

You Against Me Lets each write a denition for every

word above. Then we can compare our work and see
how close our denitions are.

SPELLING WORDS
oral

symbol

bugle

turtle

pebble

bubble

pedal

total

channel

settle

special

pencil

local

vessel

ankle

paddle

pupil

medal

docile

le, al, el, or ol? All the spelling words this week have
the same ending sound, but some are spelled differently
than others. Ill write the spelling words, leaving off the
last two letters of each word. Then, you can write in the
correct ending.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

uncle

Were reading a true story in class this week.

Adelinas Whales is about whales that migrate to Baja,
California, in Mexico. Adelina, a girl who lives there,
waits for the whales return every January. The story is
a photo essay with many wonderful photos of Adelina,
her town, and the whales. Their arrival signals the
unfolding of other events. As I learn about the events,
Ill think about the sequence in which they happen.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: sequence
Vocabulary: homographs
Spelling/Phonics: words ending
in le, al, el, il, or ol

Name
347

Hot Off the Press

Lets choose an idea for a story. We can use the outline to
organize our thoughts. When were done, we can read your
article to a family member.

Where does the story take place? Write

the name of the place.

Who is the article about? Write

the names of any people and who
they are.
Why do the events happen? Write
what caused these events to happen.

How does your story end?

348

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

When does the story take place? Was

it yesterday, last week, months ago?

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
dove

massive

rumbling

encounter

tangles

unique

uncle

oral

symbol

bugle

turtle

pebble

bubble

pedal

total

channel

settle

special

pencil

local

vessel

ankle

paddle

pupil

medal

docile

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

T contra m Cada uno de nosotros va a escribir una

denicin para cada una de las palabras de arriba.
Luego vamos a comparar lo que hicimos y ver qu tan
parecidas son nuestras deniciones.

Esta semana estamos leyendo en clase una historia

verdica: Adelinas Whales, que trata de las ballenas
que emigran a Baja California, en Mxico. Adelina,
una nia que vive all, espera que las ballenas regresen
cada enero. El relato es un ensayo fotogrco y hay
fotos bellsimas de Adelina, su pueblo y las ballenas. La
llegada de las ballenas marca el inicio de otros sucesos
importantes. A medida que vaya leyendo sobre estos
sucesos, ir pensando sobre el orden en el que suceden.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: orden de los sucesos
Vocabulario: homgrafos
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras
terminadas en le, al, el, il, o ol

Falta el nal Aunque todas las palabras de ortografa

de esta semana tienen el mismo sonido nal, no se
escriben de la misma manera. Voy a escribir todas las
palabras de la lista, pero sin las ltimas dos letras. T
debes escribir la terminacin correcta.

Nombre
349

Recin salido de la
imprenta

Where does the story take place? Write

the name of the place.

Vamos a escoger una idea para un artculo. Podemos

utilizar las preguntas para organizar nuestras ideas. Cuando
terminemos, leeremos el artculo a otro miembro de la
familia.

Who is the article about? Write

the names of any people and who
they are.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

How does your story end?

350

When does the story take place? Was

it yesterday, last week, months ago?

Why do the events happen? Write

what caused these events to happen.

Summarize
Use a Sequence Chart to tell how
the information in the book is
presented. Then summarize

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

the information.

Think and Compare

1. Look at page 11. Where does a male sperm

LOOKING
AT
WHALES
by Dina Anastasio

whale live when it is a calf? When it is

five years old? When it is 45 years old?

2. Whales play in all kinds of ways. How is whale

play the same as your play? How is it different?
(Analyze)
3. Why is it important to keep the world safe for
whales? (Evaluate)

Looking at Whales

(Identify Sequence)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 1 A Whales Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Chapter 2 Whales Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chapter 3 On the Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

20

Where do some of the worlds largest

mammals live? Underwater. Whales spend their
whole lives in the ocean.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction

(page 7)

echolocation (e-koh-loh-KAY-shuhn) a way to find

the location of something by measuring how long
it takes an echo to return from it (page 9)

Looking at Whales

Whales can jump far out of the water. Right

after this photograph was taken, the whale
dove back under the water.

baleen (buh-LEEN) a type of whale. Baleen whales

have two blowholes and a comblike plate in their
mouths that helps them filter food from seawater.

blowhole (BLOH-hohl) a nostril on the top of the

head of whales, dolphins, and porpoises (page 5)

Whales never stop swimming. Most of the

time they swim in groups. Sometimes whales
jump up above the waters surface and then dive
back in. They also slap their fins against the
water and do belly flops. And people who study
whales know that they also sing underwater.
How many different kinds of whales are there?
What kinds of food do they eat? You will find
the answers to these questions in this book.

Glossary

fluke (FLEWK) one of the two flat, horizontal tail

pieces of a whale, dolphin, or porpoise (page 13)
migrate (MIGH-grayt) to move from one place to
another (page 16)
predator (PRED-uh-tuhr) an animal that lives by
hunting other animals for food (page 5)
species (SPEE-sheez) a group of animals or plants
that have many things in common (page 10)

Index
baleen whales, 7
games, 1315
sleeping, 5
toothed whales, 7
whale songs, 89

19

Many people think it is important to protect

these unique animals. Think of all the whales
that live in the ocean. Picture all the activities
going on. Somewhere, gray whales are traveling
thousands of miles to find food. Orcas are
slapping their flukes. Pilot whales are playing
follow the leader. And if you listen closely,
you might even hear a humpback whale singing
a song.

Whales live, play, and sing all over the world.

18

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

In the ocean, pods of whales are swimming

around. They are searching for food, caring for
their calves, and playing whale games.

Baby whales, called calves, stay close to their

mothers until they can take care of themselves.

Looking at Whales

Conclusion

Whales live in families called pods. Members

of a pod live, eat, and travel together. In most
pods, the whales are all related. But some pods
consist of whales that arent related. A group of
whale mothers and their calves can be a pod.
Once in a while, whales move to different pods.
But this doesnt happen very often.

This lucky explorer encountered a pod of orcas.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Whales Life

California gray whales migrate even farther.

Every year they travel about 10,000 miles
(16,093 km) round trip between Mexico and
the Bering Sea near Alaska.

Spy-Hopping
Looking at Whales

Chapter 1

Sometimes a whale needs to find out where

it is. Or maybe its testing the weather.
Whatever the reason, it pops its head up
above the surface. Sometimes only its eyes
can be seen. This is called spy-hopping.

17

Some whales migrate from one area to

another. Blue whales migrate thousands of miles
every year. They spend their winters in warm
breeding grounds. In the summer they migrate
north to cooler waters, where its usually easier to
find food.

It helps to be carried along in a water current.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Looking at Whales

Whales are always on the move. Some travel a

very long way. Others just swim around in their
own backyards. Whales even carry their young.
A calf is carried along in the water current
created by its mother as she swims. Thats how
the calves keep up with the rest of the pod.

All whales live in the sea. Some whales stay

in one area. For others, their home is wherever
they happen to be at the moment.
Whales never stop moving, even when they
are sleeping. How do they do this? Many
scientists believe that whales take a short nap,
wake up and breathe, and then take another nap.
Some whales even sleep with one eye open. The
open eye watches for predators like sharks.

There She Blows!

A whale breathes through a blowhole in its skull.

You might have seen pictures of whales blowing
air out of their blowholes. It may look like a
stream of water, but its really more like mist.

16

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Whales spend half the year eating. During the

rest of the year these massive animals hardly eat
at all. Whales do most of their eating during the
summer months. They hunt for prey in different
places. Some whales feed on the ocean floor.
Others feed near the surface.

DL *6AA G: *=:N

TSSb
\W\Sab]`gPcWZRW\U

'TSSb

PZcS
eVOZS

&TSSb
%TSSb
$TSSb
#TSSb

Looking at Whales

Whales have a unique way of storing food.

They stockpile food energy in a layer of fat,
called blubber, under their skin. Blubber helps
keep whales warm when they are in cold waters.

Whale Games
Breaching: Whales leap
out of the water, twirl,
and crash backward
or sideways when they
come back down.

Fluking: Whales raise

their tails before they
dive downward. Fluking
is often performed by
large whales, like the
massive blues.

Sailing: Whales move

along with their
heads down and
their tails fluking
above the surface.

"TSSb
!TSSb
TSSb
TSSb

T]c`bV
U`ORS`

ReO`T
a^S`[
eVOZS

The smallest whale is the dwarf sperm whale.

The biggest is the blue whale. The blue whale
is the largest animal on Earth.

Body Rolling: Whales roll onto

their backs and swim.
15

The dorsal fins of these pilot whales are above

the water.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Toothed vs. Baleen

Whales are divided into two groups. Toothed
whales catch fish with their teeth and swallow
them whole. Baleen whales scoop up tangles of
food and seawater in their mouths. A comb-like
filter called a baleen in their upper jaws strains
food from the seawater.

The sperm whale is the largest toothed whale.

Looking at Whales

Different whales like different games. Pilot

whales enjoy playing follow the leader. Pilot
whales live in very large pods. Often they form
lines that lead fishermen toward schools of fish.
Sometimes, however, pilot whales follow their
leader onto a beach. No one is sure why this
happens. Some people believe something goes
wrong with the leaders echolocation. Or perhaps
the leader swims too close to shore, and he cant
turn back. Whatever the reason, pilot whales are
willing to follow their leader anywhere.

Humpback whales are baleen whales.

14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Did you know that whales talk to each other?

Whales make sounds for different reasons. Some
sounds are used to locate calves. Others are used
to find mates. Whales even use sounds to warn
other pod members that a predator is around.
Toothed whales click and whistle in order
to locate food. Baleen whales make knocking,
moaning, and rumbling noises. Humpback whales
sing, but not during feeding season. They save
their tunes for the warmer waters where they
spend their breeding season. Some scientists
believe they are communicating. Other scientists
think they are sending out threats, like Go
away! We may never know exactly why whales
sing.

Looking at Whales

The beluga whale is known as the sea canary

because of the many different sounds it makes.

Chapter 3

On the Move
Have you ever seen whales playing? They
jump, thrash, and throw themselves up and out
of the water. Whales slap their fins and flukes
and do belly flops, especially after a filling meal.
So what do all these twirls, slaps, and jumps
mean? Whale watchers often wonder if the
whales are playing, looking for food, or searching
for a mate. Its often hard to tellunless youre a
whale, of course.

Orcas are great acrobats.

13

Most whales are shy and gentle creatures, as

peaceful as doves. When a sperm whale wants
to get closer to one of the whales in her pod,
she rubs up against it.
Whales of the same
Beluga Whales
species may stroke
each other with their
About 10 beluga
whales live together
pectoral fins. Mothers
in a pod. Like
and calves stroke each
many other species
other too.
of whales, several

Whales may stroke

each other to show
feelings.

12

pods travel together

when they move
from one place
to another.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Looking at Whales

Whales that stay in groups take care of one

another. They help other members of their pod
as they travel long distances. Like other animals,
whales have relationships with each other. They
play, fight, and show affection. Sometimes they
form small groups in their pods called sub-pods.

Echolocation
Toothed whales use echolocation to find food.
When whales echolocate, they bounce a clicking
sound off an object, such as a squid. Then they
time how long it takes the echo to travel back
to them. If the echo takes a long time, dinner
is far away. If it only takes a second or so, the
prey is nearby.

Some humpback whales swim up to the

surface and take a few breaths. Then they dive
under the water and start to sing. They do not
move when they sing. Their underwater songs
can be heard for miles. Sometimes they sing for
a half hour without stopping.

A right whales song can be heard for miles.

Whale pods may differ but the strongest bond

in a pod is always between a mother and her
calf. Some mothers and their calves stay together
forever. The orca is one species that behaves like
this. Orcas might meet up with other mothers
and their calves, but the mother and her calf
never separate.

Many pods include grandmothers, mothers, and

calves. Female calves usually stay with their
mothers for their whole lives.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Whales Together

Looking at Whales

Chapter 2

In some species, older male calves leave their

mothers while female calves stay on. Male sperm
whale calves, for example, stick around until they
are about five years old. After that they are sent
away to fend for themselves. They go to places
where it is easy to find food and look for a
new pod. Usually they join up with other young
males and stay in that pod for the next 40 years
or so. When sperm whales grow old, they usually
leave the pod and live alone in deeper waters.

Whale Social Groups

Social groups, from smallest to largest:
A maternal pod is a mother whale and
her calf.
A pod is a group of whales that
lives together.
A clan is a group of pods that
sometimes travels together.
A community is a group of clans.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
sturdy

bidding

items

glistened

clustered

overowing

The Same As Tell me which of the following matches

one of the words above.

grouped

trying to pay

sparkled

strong

spreading over

things

robin

bacon

reason

sunken

cousin

woven

raisin

wagon

widen

wooden

ridden

common

proven

often

penguin

skeleton

button

cotton

eleven

mufn

And Thats the End of It Ill write the beginning of

each word on an index card. Ill ask you for a word that
ends in either en, in, or on. Pick one of your cards and
spell the word with the correct ending.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This week were reading historical ction. The story

takes place on a farm during a time in our country
when there wasnt any rain for a long time. Leahs
family has no money to live. Thats the problem. Leahs
fathers solution is to sell off all the animals and the
tractor and get money. That means he cant farm any
more. I wonder what will happen next. The story is
called Leahs Pony so I bet Leah and her pony will help
solve her familys problem!

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: problem and solution
Vocabulary: dictionary
unfamiliar words
Spelling/Phonics:
word endings in, en,
and on

Name

361

Whats Their
Favorite Lunch?

Salami Cheese

Ham

Bagel

Tuna
Fish

Ann

Problem: All the students lunches got mixed up. How to get
them to the right owners is a problem! There are steps you can
use to solve the problem. There are clues you can use, too.

Blanca
Carl

Ed

Solution
Ann had a

sandwich.

Blanca had a

sandwich.

Carl had a

sandwich.

Dan had a

sandwich.

Ed had a

sandwich.

362

Clues:
Ann did not have a ham sandwich.
Blanca did not have a bagel, and she wont eat tuna sh.
Ed does not like tuna sh, either.
Dan did not have a cheese or salami sandwich.
Carl did not have a salami sandwich.
Blanca did not have a cheese or salami sandwich.
Carl will not eat tuna sh.
Ann does not eat bagels.
Dan doesnt like bagels, either.
Carl hates cheese.
Ed cannot eat cheese.

Dan

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Put an X in the chart to eliminate children

and choices.
Keep looking up and down as you
write X. If you have four Xs in one
row or column, write yes in the
empty square.
If you are able to write yes in
a square, put an X in the other
squares for that row or column.
Keep looking up and down and
youll solve the problem.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
sturdy

bidding

items

glistened

clustered

overowing

Asociaciones Dime qu palabra de abajo corresponde

a qu palabra de arriba.

grouped

trying to pay

sparkled

strong

spreading over

things

robin

bacon

reason

sunken

cousin

woven

raisin

wagon

widen

wooden

ridden

common

proven

often

penguin

skeleton

button

cotton

eleven

mufn

Y as termina Voy a escribir el comienzo de cada

palabra en una tarjeta. Te voy a pedir una palabra que
termine en in, en u on. Escoge una de tus tarjetas y
deletrea la palabra con la terminacin que corresponda.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA

(fold here)

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO

Esta semana estamos leyendo ccin histrica. La

historia tiene lugar en una granja en un tiempo el que
no llovi durante mucho tiempo. La familia de Leah
no tiene dinero para vivir. Ese es el problema. El padre
de Leah va a vender todos los animales y el tractor
para obtener dinero. Eso signica que ya no podran
producir nada en la granja. Me pregunto qu pasar
despus. El cuento se llama Leahs Pony, as que apuesto
que Leah y su pony ayudarn a resolver el problema de
su familia.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: problema y solucin
Vocabulario: diccionario
palabras poco comunes
Ortografa/Fontica:
terminaciones in,
en y on

Nombre

363

De quin es ese
almuerzo?

Salami Cheese

Tuna
Fish

Blanca
Carl
Dan
Ed

Solution
Ann had a

sandwich.

Blanca had a

sandwich.

Carl had a

sandwich.

Dan had a

sandwich.

Ed had a

sandwich.

364

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Clues:
Ann did not have a ham sandwich.
Blanca did not have a bagel, and she wont eat tuna sh.
Ed does not like tuna sh, either.
Dan did not have a cheese or salami sandwich.
Carl did not have a salami sandwich.
Blanca did not have a cheese or salami sandwich.
Carl will not eat tuna sh.
Ann does not eat bagels.
Dan doesnt like bagels, either.
Carl hates cheese.
Ed cannot eat cheese.

Bagel

Ann

Problema: Hay una confusin con los almuerzos de los

estudiantes. Es un problema saber de quin son! Para
resolver esta situacin podemos seguir ciertos pasos. Tambin
tenemos pistas que nos pueden ayudar.
Pon una X en la tabla para eliminar nombres
y opciones.
Mira hacia arriba y hacia abajo al
escribir las X. Si tienes cuatro X en
una hilera o columna, escribe s
en el recuadro vaco.
Si sabes que corresponde un s
en uno de los recuadros, pon una
X en el resto de los recuadros de
esa hilera o columna.

Ham

Summarize

Problem

On the chart list problems that the

explorers faced. Then identify the
actions they took to solve them.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

Use the information in the chart to

by Meish Goldish

summarize the text.

Solution

Think and Compare

1. Look back at page 5. What is one
does he find? (Problem and Solution)
2. Think of things you do to get along with
new people. Then read page 15 again. What
do you think Coronado could have done to
get along better with the Zunis? (Analyze)
3. The Southwest explorers became heroes
in their home countries. What famous
people today are considered heroes?
Why are they admired? (Apply)

Explorers of the Southwest

problem that de Vaca faced? What solution

Table of Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 1
Cabeza de Vaca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Chapter 2
Marcos de Niza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chapter 3
Francisco Vsquez de Coronado . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

24

Many of the early explorers were from Spain.

Hernn Corts was one. He heard about a land of riches
in Mexico. In 1520, he took control of the Aztec people
who lived there. Corts claimed their land for Spain.
The land became known as New Spain. Corts became
a hero back home.

Hernn Corts was one

of the earliest European
explorers to claim land
in America.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The 1500s were an exciting time in the New World.

Travelers from Europe arrived to explore the land. They
searched for gold and other riches. They claimed new
land for their home countries. They also set up villages
called settlements. Europeans who came later lived in
these settlements.

Explorers of the Southwest

Introduction

Index
Alvarado, Hernando de,
1617

Grand Canyon, 16

Apalachees, 4

Kansas, 1819

Arizona, 8, 16

Karankawa people, 6

Aztecs, 2

La Relacin, 9

Cavelier, Ren-Robert, 3, 19

Louisiana Territory, 19

Cibola, 1015, 21

Mexico, 2, 5, 811, 1315, 19

Colorado River, 16

Mississippi River, 3, 19

Coronado, Francisco
Vsquez de, 3, 1419

New Mexico, 8, 14, 16, 17

Corts, Hernn, 23
Culiacn, 10
de Cardenas, Lopez, 16
de Niza, Marcos, 3, 1015
de Vaca, Cabeza, 310
El Turco, 1618
Estevan, 6, 8, 1013

Hawikuh, 14, 16

New Spain, 2
Oklahoma, 17
Quivira, 1619, 21
settlements, 2, 5, 21
Spain, 2, 4, 9, 15, 1921
Texas, 3, 59, 17, 1921
Ysopete, 18
Zunis, 1415

Florida, 45
France, 3, 1921

23

expedition (ek spi DISH uhn) a long journey taken

in order to explore (page 4)
natives (NAY tivz) people born in the area where
they now live (page 4)

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Glossary

plains (PLAYNZ) large, flat areas of land (page 16)

pueblo (PWEB loh) a village with stone or mud
buildings built by Native Americans (page 17)

territory (TER i tawr ee) any large area of land

(page 3)

Explorers of the Southwest

settlements (SET uhl muhnts) small villages where

people from other places come to live (page 2)

This map shows the American Southwest. Explorers

hoped to find riches and new land there.

Corts victory inspired other explorers. Among them

were Cabeza de Vaca, Marcos de Niza, and Francisco
Vsquez de Coronado. They all came to the American
Southwest. They explored Texas and areas farther west
and north.
Exploration continued into the 1600s. Some newer
explorers were French. One was Ren-Robert Cavelier. He
claimed territory along the Mississippi River for France.
All the explorers faced problems in their travels. They
each had to solve them to survive. How did they do it?
Lets look back in history and find out.

22

Cabeza de Vaca
In April, 1528, Spanish explorers arrived in
southwestern Florida. The group of 300 men had set
out from Spain the year before. They hoped to find
gold in the New World.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

Explorers came to find gold. They searched for Cibola,

Quivira, and other places they believed held riches. In
most cases, the riches did not exist.
However, all was not lost. Explorers claimed Texas
and other parts of the Southwest for Spain and
France. Settlements were built on the new land. Those
settlements led to the growth of the United States.

In Florida, some explorers, led by de Vaca, left

the ships to explore on land. De Vaca and his group
walked north. Along the way, they met the Apalachees,
natives of the area. In a show of strength, the Spanish
tried to gain control of the Apalachees village by
capturing their leader. The natives fought back and
chased the Spanish away.
European explorers often clashed with natives they met
in America.

Explorers of the Southwest

Cabeza de Vaca was among the explorers. He had

been a brave soldier in the Spanish army. At the kings
bidding, de Vaca was now one leader of the expedition
to America.
1537 De Vaca
arrives in Spain;
publishes La
Relacin
1540 Coronado
searches for Cibola;
only finds Zuni villages
in New Mexico

1540

1539 Spring,
De Niza leaves
Mexico to find
Cibola; Summer,
De Niza returns
to Mexico; reports
about Cibola

1680

1541 Coronado
goes to Quivira;
claims the area
for Spain

1685

16821685 Cavelier
explores along the
Mississippi; claims
land for France,
including part of
Texas

21

The 1500s and 1600s brought great change to the

American Southwest. Before then, only Native Americans
had lived in the area. Now, Europeans were there, too.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

1520 Corts
defeats the
Aztecs; claims
Mexico for Spain

1534 De Vaca
escapes to New
Mexico and Arizona

15291533 De Vaca
explores Texas; becomes
a trader and healer

1520

1525

1530

1528 Spring, De Vaca

arrives in Florida; Fall,
De Vaca arrives in Texas

1536 De
Vaca arrives
in Mexico

1532 De Vaca
captured and
made a slave
20

1535

Explorers of the Southwest

Important Dates in
Southwest Exploration

Bad weather sent De Vaca to an unplanned locationthe

shore near Galveston, Texas.

De Vaca and his group decided to leave Florida,

but they became lost. They tried to find their ships
they had left behind but could not. They grew hungry
and sick. After five months, the group finally reached
the Gulf of Mexico. They built five sturdy rafts and
sailed west. They hoped to reach Spanish settlements
in Mexico.
After a month at sea, a deadly storm struck. The
group of rafts got separated. In November, two rafts
washed up on the Texas shore.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

In July of 1541, Coronado finally reached Quivira.

It was not at all what he expected. Instead of fancy
homes, he found grass huts. There was no gold
anywhere. However, Coronado saw that Kansas had lots
of good land for farming. He knew that settlements
could succeed there. He claimed the territory for Spain.

Estevan, also known as Estevanico, was born in Morocco

in 1500.

Exploring Texas
Only about 80 men survived the storm. One was de
Vaca. Another was a North African named Estevan. They
were among the first explorers ever to set foot in Texas.
In Texas the group met the Karankawa people. At
first, these natives were friendly. But soon many of them
began to die of disease. They blamed the Spanish for
bringing sickness to their land. De Vaca and his group
grew afraid. They left the area on foot.

Explorers of the Southwest

Coronado then led his group back to Mexico. He

was unhappy about not finding gold. Yet he had found
valuable new land in the American Southwest.

A French Explorer
Exploration of the American Southwest
continued well into the late 1600s.
Ren-Robert Cavelier of France
explored along the Mississippi River.
He claimed a huge portion of land
in western America for France. It
was called the Louisiana Territory. It
included part of Texas. In 1803 the
United States bought the land from
France. The land was so big that
eventually 15 U.S. statesincluding
Texaswere created on it!

Coronado was
impressed by
the fields he
saw in Kansas.

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

For the next four years, de Vaca traveled around

east Texas. He became a successful trader. He offered
seashells and beans to the natives. They gave him
animal skins in return. They liked de Vaca because
he brought items that they needed or wanted.

This shows the path taken by Coronados expedition

in 1540 and 1541.

The Search for Quivira

After more traveling, Coronado still had found no
city that glistened with gold. He began to suspect that
El Turco was tricking him. El Turcos plan to escape
had failed. He was forced to admit to Coronado that
he had tricked him. Coronado had El Turco killed.
Coronado then changed direction. He headed north
into Kansas. This time, another captured native named
Ysopete led the way.
18

Explorers of the Southwest

De Vaca also became known as a healer, or

medicine man. He blessed Native Americans who were
ill. They believed he made them better. De Vaca was
not a trained doctor. He believed that God healed the
natives so they would help him survive.
Over time, de Vaca got to know the area and its
people well. He even learned six Native American
languages.

De Vaca gained the respect of Native Americans for his

seeming ability to heal them.
7

The men walked west. They met unfriendly natives

along the way. The natives took de Vaca and the others
as slaves. After two years, de Vaca and his men escaped.
Unsure of the direction to follow, they walked west and
north. They traveled as far as New Mexico and Arizona.

Cabeza de Vacas
Route, 15271536
Atlantic
Ocean
Galveston

Tampa Bay

Gulf of
Mexico
Pacic
Ocean

Santo
Domingo
Mexico City

This map shows de Vacas travels through the Southwest.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

De Vaca was very successful in Texas. Yet he still

wished to get to Mexico. By 1532, only four men in his
group were still alive. Estevan was among them.

Explorers of the Southwest

The Long Way Home

This pueblo is one of the places where Coronado

and his men stayed during the winter of 1540.

After many months, Coronado joined Alvarado.

Coronado was eager to find the rich city of Quivira.
El Turco continued to lead the group astray.
The Spanish explorers decided to take over a Native
American pueblo in New Mexico for the winter. The
natives living there fought back. Hundreds of them lost
their lives in battle.
In the spring, Coronado continued on to Quivira.
El Turco led the group east to Texas. Then they walked
north to Oklahoma. After months of travel, there still
was no sign of gold.

17

El Turco spoke of a city to the east, called Quivira.

He said it was overflowing with gold. El Turco was not
telling the truth. He wished to lead the explorers on an
aimless journey across the wide plains. He hoped to tire
them out, so he could then escape.

Finding a River
Coronado sent another group, led by Lopez de
Cardenas, to explore land to the west. De Cardenas
traveled for three weeks. He reached the rim of the
Grand Canyon in Arizona. Below, he could see the
Colorado River. De Cardenas was the first European
ever to see the canyon and river.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Coronado stayed near Hawikuh to explore more of

New Mexico. Meanwhile, he organized smaller groups to
explore other lands farther away. One group was led by
Hernando de Alvarado. His guide was a captured Native
American named El Turco.

In 1536, the four men finally reached Mexico.

De Vaca was welcomed as a hero. The next year, he
returned to Spain. He published a report about his
exploration. It was called La Relacin (The Account).
De Vaca never found gold in the American
Southwest. Yet his discoveries there were important.
They inspired future explorers to come to America.

Explorers of the Southwest

New Places

La Relacin
No one knows the exact details of the path that
de Vaca followed through Texas. However, his
report, La Relacin, offers many clues. It describes
land, plants, and animals that de Vaca saw during
his travels. It also describes
the people that he met. It
details their clothing, homes,
diets, and languages.

Many believe de Vacas La

Relacin is the first literature
ever produced about Texas.
It is preserved at Texas State
University-San Marcos.

16

One explorer who was inspired by de Vacas

discoveries was Marcos de Niza. He was a priest who
lived in Mexico. In 1539, a Mexican governor, or an
official of the country, sent de Niza to the American
Southwest. De Niza was told to find the Seven Cities
of Cibola. They were areas said to be overflowing with
gold. They were supposed to be somewhere in the
Southwest, to the north.
De Niza left Culiacn, Mexico, with a team of men.
They were guided by Estevan, who was a valued guide
because he had helped Cabeza de Vaca earlier.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Marcos de Niza

Did de Niza Tell the Truth?

Did de Niza tell the truth about the wealth in Cibola?
Historians are not sure. Some claim he never saw
riches. They say he just wanted the Mexican governor
to be happy with his report.
Other historians defend de Niza. They say he never
claimed to enter Cibola. He never said he saw gold
therejust a large city.
Was de Niza telling the truth? We may never know.

Explorers of the Southwest

Chapter 2

Coronado was angry. He accused de Niza of not

being truthful in his report. He ordered the guide to
return to Mexico.
Coronado now faced another big problem. He told
the Zuni people that they must accept the King of
Spain as their ruler. The Zunis grew angry. They
attacked Coronado and his men. The two groups fought.
After a fierce battle, the Spanish defeated the Zunis and
controlled their land.
Coronado traveled
with Native
Americans to try
to make peace
with others he
met.

Marcos de Niza explored the American Southwest in

search of the cities of gold.
10

15

Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was a Mexican governor who

became an explorer.

In 1540, de Niza returned to the American Southwest.

This time, he was a guide for another explorer, Francisco
Vsquez de Coronado. Coronado had been an important
governor in Mexico.
Coronado led a large expedition of over a thousand
people. They marched north to New Mexico. They
reached Cibola in July, 1540.
Coronado expected to find the rich city that de Niza
had described in his report. Instead, he found the simple
homes of a Native American group called the Zunis
clustered in a poor village. The Zunis called it Hawikuh.
14

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Francisco Vsquez de Coronado

Explorers of the Southwest

Chapter 3

The explorers believed that the area of Cibola was

the place to find gold items and other treasures.

De Niza and Estevan traveled north from Mexico.

Along the way, they met many native people. They
were friendly to de Niza and his men.
The group continued on. De Niza knew that the
natives farther north had never seen Spanish people.
To be safe, he sent Estevan ahead to inform them of
his arrival.
Estevan went ahead, as ordered. Many native people
he met told him of the wealthy cities of Cibola. They
said it would take about a month to get there.
11

Finally, de Niza arrived near Cibola. He was in New

Mexico. De Niza learned some sad news. Estevan had
been killed. The Cibolan governor had told him not to
enter the city. Estevan had ignored the order. Now he
was dead.
This photo from the 1800s shows the city of
Cibola much as it might have looked in the 1500s.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Estevan sent a native to tell de Niza about the lost

city of Cibola. De Niza sent back orders for Estevan to
wait for him. However, Estevan did not wait. He went
ahead to Cibola on his own. De Niza hoped to meet
up with Estevan.

Cibola

Pacic
Ocean

Explorers of the Southwest

Reaching Cibola

Marcos de Nizas
Journey North

Old Culiacan

This map shows how de Niza moved north in 1539.

De Niza decided not to enter Cibola. He did not

want to lose his life as Estevan had. Instead, he
returned to Mexico.
De Niza wrote a report for the Mexican governor.
In it, he said he had seen one of Cibolas seven cities
from a distance. He described it as bigger than the
city of Mexico.
De Nizas report pleased the governor. He planned
a larger expedition to Cibola. The governor was
determined to find the gold rumored to be there.

12

13

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
annoyed

circular

reference

outstretched

disappointment

conducted

round

discontent

irritated

expanded

(fold here)

The Same As Tell me which of the following matches

one of the words above.

dictionary

root

tale

wade

dough

moose

prints

weve

weave

whose

route

whos

boulder

patience

doe

mousse

patients

tail

prince

weighed

bolder

Sounds the Same Homophones are words that sound

the same, but are spelled differently and have different
meanings. Ill say a word and you can give me both
spellings.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

This week were reading The Gold Rush Game. Its

a science ction story about Eric and Matt, who travel
back in time and meet Erics
great-great-great grandfather.
His ancestor went to California
during the days of the Gold
Rush. Eric is afraid that their
visit will affect the future of
his family. It will be interesting
to read about their adventures
and about how they get back
home.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: cause and effect
Vocabulary: sufxes
Spelling/Phonics: words spelled differently but
pronounced the same

Name

377

Time Travel

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

On April 15, 1912, one of the most tragic accidents in history

occurred when the ship Titanic hit an iceberg and sank.
Over 1,500 people lost their lives. Some say the ship was
traveling too fast and was unable to turn in time to avoid
hitting the iceberg. You are a time traveler on the deck of
the Titanic. What will you do? How will it change history?

You are a time traveler who has gone back to the

Cretaceous era. Dinosaurs roam the Earth and large
reptile-like creatures swim in the sea. Pterodactyls
rule the skies. A large asteroid is traveling
toward Earth. It will hit the spot where
you are in one
hundred years.
The collision will
destroy this area of
the world and wipe
out the dinosaurs.
What will you
do? How will it
change history?

378

Suppose we could travel back in time. What actions would

we take that might change history? Lets read the events
below and talk about how our actions will affect the
future.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
annoyed

circular

reference

outstretched

disappointment

conducted

round

discontent

irritated

expanded

(fold here)

Asociaciones Dime qu palabra de abajo corresponde

a qu palabra de arriba.

dictionary

root

tale

wade

dough

moose

prints

weve

weave

whose

route

whos

boulder

patience

doe

mousse

patients

tail

prince

weighed

bolder

Suena igual Homfonos son palabras que suenan

igual, pero se escriben diferente y tienen signicados
diferentes. Te dir una palabra y t me dirs las dos
formas en que se puede escribir.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

SPELLING WORDS

Esta semana estamos leyendo The Gold Rush Game.

Es un cuento de ciencia ccin que trata de Eric y Matt,
quienes viajan al pasado y se encuentran
con el tatarabuelo de Eric, que
haba ido a California en los das
de la Fiebre del Oro. Eric tiene
miedo de que el encuentro
con su antepasado afecte
el futuro de su familia. Va a
ser fascinante leer sobre las
aventuras de Eric y Matt y ver
cmo logran regresar a casa.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: causa y efecto
Vocabulario: los sujos
Ortografa/Fontica: palabras que se escriben diferente
pero se pronuncian igual

Nombre

379

Viajar en el tiempo

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

On April 15, 1912, one of the most tragic accidents in history

occurred when the ship Titanic hit an iceberg and sank.
Over 1,500 people lost their lives. Some say the ship was
traveling too fast and was unable to turn in time to avoid
hitting the iceberg. You are a time traveler on the deck of
the Titanic. What will you do? How will it change history?

You are a time traveler who has gone back to the

Cretaceous era. Dinosaurs roam the Earth and large
reptile-like creatures swim in the sea. Pterodactyls
rule the skies. A large asteroid is traveling
toward Earth. It will hit the spot where
you are in one
hundred years.
The collision will
destroy this area of
the world and wipe
out the dinosaurs.
What will you
do? How will it
change history?

380

Supn que pudiramos viajar al pasado. Qu podramos

hacer que pudiera cambiar el curso de la historia? Vamos
a leer los sucesos de abajo y hablar de cmo nuestras
acciones podran afectar el futuro.

Summarize

Cause

Effect

Fill in the cause-and-effect chart with

important events in the story and
what caused them. Use the chart to

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

summarize the story.

by Sunita Apte
illustrated by Richard Stergulz

Think and Compare

1. Why does Cole need to find the sheriff?
(Cause and Effect)
2. What would you have done if you were in

3. Why might camels have been useful in the

Southwest long ago? What about today? (Apply)

Camel Ride

Coles place? (Synthesize)

Table of Contents
Overheard! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
A Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
The Ride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Safe! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

20

Cole! Where are you?

His father looked doubtful for a moment, but

then gave in. Well, if youre sure you can do
it . . . then okay.
Silently, father and son mounted their animals and
started up the trail toward the ranch. Bright moonlight
still lit up the way. Cole thought that he had never
been so happy as he was right now.
Behind him, he could feel his fathers eyes, watching.
Well, Ill tell you, Cole, his father finally said.
I dont think I know anyone who can ride a camel
as well as you can. You know what I think? I think I
might be looking at the new camel hand on the ranch!

Camel Ride

Cole Drummond huddled closer to the cottonwood

tree he was hiding behind. He could hear his mother
calling him, but his mission was much too important to
give up and return to the house. He would go back in
a second. She probably wanted him to get water. It was
one of his jobs, now that his father was working at the
mine that he bought last month. Cole was expected to
do a lot more on the ranch.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Overheard!

19

Cole tried to hide how pleased he was. He looked

through the open cabin door at Sunshine tied to the
hitching post.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Yes, his father answered. The mine is safe, thanks

to you. Im really proud of you, Cole. You conducted
yourself very well. Youre growing up into a fine
young man.

Cole leaned against the tree and strained his ears.

He was trying to eavesdrop on a conversation two ranch
hands were having. He had been sort of spying on them
all week, ever since the two men had shown up at the
ranch looking for work. Right away, something about
them had struck Cole as suspicious. He thought of what
his father had told him before he left for the mine.
Remember, Cole, youre the man on the ranch now,
his father had said. I need you to use your eyes and
ears and instincts to keep the family safe. And mind
your ma as well, you hear?

Camel Ride

He turned to his father. Its okay, Pa, he said.

I can ride Sunshine back home. Im not too tired.

18

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Cole had proudly promised his father that he

would be very, very good. And now, here he was,
torn between two of his fathers instructions. It was
true, he wasnt minding his mother. But he was
following his instincts. He just knew these ranch
hands were up to something. He was determined
to figure out what.

Were all set for the mine takeover, one said.

Its practically emptyonly Drummond and a
couple of miners are there. Theyll never know
what happened.

Cole looked up at his father, trying to clear his head.

Did the sheriff end up arresting those ranch hands?
he asked.

Camel Ride

Okay, meet me on the trail tonight after the

other men bunk down. Its a full moon, so well
have an easy ride.

The rest of the night passed in a blur. Cole waited

at the sheriffs cabin while the sheriff and his deputy
went to confront the ranch hands. He fell asleep on the
sheriffs bed, his legs sore from his long camel ride.
He awoke to the sound of his father whispering.
Cole, its time to wake up. Were going home now. Ill
put you in front of me on my horse and well come
back for Sunshine tomorrow.

Cole could barely make out the mens voices.

Well, Im ready. Just say the word, the other

one responded.

Safe!

Cole saw the two men shake hands. He stayed

pressed against the tree until both of them walked
away. Then he took off for the house, his heart
pounding.
Those ranch hands were going to take over the
mine! That reference to Drummondthat was his
father. His father was in danger. He had to do
somethingbut what?
4

17

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Camel Ride
What is it, son? the sheriff asked. He could see the
concern on the boys face.
Its the mine, Cole gasped. I overheard two of our
ranch hands plotting to take it over. My father is down
at the mine now. I wasnt sure what to do.
Calm down, the sheriff soothed the boy. You did
the right thing in coming to me. Jeff! he called to his
deputy. Weve got some work to do!
16

Cole stopped and thought for a moment. He didnt

dare tell his mother. She had enough to worry about
already, and he didnt want to worry her more. He
would have to take care of this himself.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A Plan

What a great idea! Coles face lit up, only to

fall seconds later in disappointment. His plan had
a giant fault. There was no horse at the ranch for
him to ride. His father had taken the familys horse,
Thunder, with him to the mine.
Sure, the ranch hands all had horses, but no way
would Cole take one of them. That was a rule his
father had always stressed to him. Never mess with
another persons horse.

Camel Ride

What if he left now and rode over to the sheriffs

cabin? He was a fast rider. The sheriff could then
ride to the mine and confront the ranch hands when
they arrived.

It was dark now. The bright moonlight made the trail

easy to see. It was just a few miles more to the sheriffs
cabin. Cole concentrated on making sure the camel
didnt lose her footing. He needed to find the sheriff
before the ranch hands could get to the mine.
It seemed like hours before Cole finally saw the light
at the sheriffs cabin. He quickly dismounted and tied
the camel to the hitching post. Out back he could see
the sheriffs and deputys horses stabled for the night.
The sheriff opened the door to Coles knock. Behind
him the deputy was hunched over a plate of food. Cole
had interrupted their supper.

15

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Camel Ride

Cole began heading down the trail to the

sheriffs cabin. The camels loping walk felt
strange. Coles whole body dipped from side
to side as he rode. It was a very different
feeling from being on a horse.

14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Carefully he approached the camel with outstretched

hands, talking to her. When he was close enough, he
slipped the bridle over her head. Then, as his father
had taught him, he got the camel to go down on her
knees. He fastened on the saddle and, before Sunshine
could protest, was astride her.

Camel Ride

Gently, he pulled the reins and the camel slowly

rose. He led her out of the pen, reaching behind him
to close the gate.

13

12

Unless . . . unless there was another way. Cole

abruptly changed course and rushed toward a big
circular pen by the barn. Inside the large pen were
a few camels. His father had bought them last year
when the state had auctioned them off.
The Texas government had originally imported
the camels to carry loads across the Southwest.
Camels didnt need much water and were used to
hot, dry deserts. Government officials thought the
camels would make better pack animals for Texas
than mules or horses.

Camel Ride

Cole ran back to the barn and grabbed one of the

camel saddles hanging inside. Then he went out to the
pen. The camels were all huddled together in one corner.
Their golden faces shone in the early evening light. He
looked them over until he spotted the one he wanted.
Her name was Sunshine, and she was the oldest and
gentlest of the bunch. Cole had only ridden her once
before, but he thought he knew what to do.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

The Ride

But the camel experiment hadnt worked out. So

the government had sold the animals to ranchers.
Coles father had bought five of them. He thought
camels might be just the right animals to carry
supplies to and from the mine, since they were
surefooted and could hold heavy loads.

Only a few had learned how to saddle and ride

the camels. Cole had watched the lessons eagerly and
begged to join. Finally, his father had given in. So Cole
had learned how to saddle and ride the camels as well.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

However, Coles father hadnt yet managed to

convince his miners and ranch hands of that. They
thought the camels were mean and difficult to handle.
Most of them wanted nothing to do with them.

Camel Ride

Now Cole wanted to be the camel hand on the

ranchthe person who rode and took care of the
camels. The problem was, his father didnt think he
was ready. He said Cole would have to prove himself
to be capable first.

Cole went back to the house. His mother was

waiting for him in the kitchen. She had wanted him
to eat supper, not fetch water.
Didnt you hear me calling? she asked, but she
was smiling, so Cole knew she wasnt really annoyed.
He hurriedly gulped down his supper. Then he
grabbed his hat and opened the back door.
I have to do an errand for Pa, he told his mother.
Ill be back soon.
His mother nodded. If she thought there was
anything odd about him going out in the evening, she
didnt mention it.

10

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
active

transform

volunteer

violated

Taking Action Lets make up a story about making a

difference. Well use each word above in our story.

SPELLING WORDS
nonstop

distrust

unable

misplace mislabel

mislead

uncover

unclean disloyal

nonction nonsense

disbelief discourage uncertain

misstep

uncomfortable

disappoint misnumber nonfat

Wheres the Rest of Me? Ill say a spelling word

without the prex: mis, dis, non, or un. Tell me the prex
that goes with that word and spell it out loud.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

unplug

(fold here)

decades

This week were reading an article about someone

who helped improve the lives of Latino farmworkers
in California. In Taking the Lead, Dolores Huerta
organized a group that helped transform the lives of
farmworkers by helping to build affordable housing
and encouraging farmers to increase the workers pay.
Ill take the facts Im learning in this article and use
them to form my own opinions.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: fact and opinion
Vocabulary: Latin, Greek and other Linguistic roots
Spelling/Phonics: prexes mis, dis, non, and un

Name
391

Can I Quote You?

I think youre mean, Jake glared at Caroline.

No, Im not, said Caroline. I just happen to know
that eating food helps kids grow.

Lets read Breakfast Club. We can decide what are facts

and what are opinions in the passage.

Wow, look at the time, said Jake. Its already

seven-thirty. We better run or the bus driver will
have a t. Jake yelled at Caroline as he ran for
his books.

Breakfast Club
I hate oatmeal, Derek yelled. Derek was only three
years old, so he yelled a lot.

I go to school, too, Derek wailed.

It doesnt matter to me, his brother Jake said. But

oatmeal is healthy; its good for you. If you dont
want to eat it, just be quiet, okay?

Derek whispered to Jake, Tell her I ate my oatmeal,

okay?

392

Of course, that made Derek cry. The whole point of

being three was to get biggeras big as Jake.

Derek whispered, Tell her I ate my

oatmeal, okay?
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Caroline, who was the boys sister, and knew

everything, interrupted: I guess it doesnt matter,
Derek. But if you dont eat your oatmeal, you wont
grow. Youll stay three feet tall for the rest of
your life.

Dont worry. Nursery school doesnt start until nine

oclock. Caroline said. Moms coming down the
stairs right now.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
active

transform

volunteer

violated

Tiempo de cambio Vamos a inventar un relato sobre

cmo cambiar algo. Vamos a usar todas las palabras de
la lista en el relato.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
nonstop

distrust

unable

misplace mislabel

mislead

uncover

unclean disloyal

nonction nonsense

disbelief discourage uncertain

misstep

uncomfortable

disappoint misnumber nonfat

Dnde est lo que falta? Voy a decir una de las

palabras de ortografa sin el prejo mis, dis, non o
un. Dime el prejo que corresponde y deletrea toda la
palabra en voz alta.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

unplug

(fold here)

decades

Esta semana estamos leyendo un artculo

sobre alguien que ayud a mejorar las vidas de
los trabajadores agrcolas latinos en California. En
Taking the Lead Dolores Huerta organiz un grupo
que ayud a transformar la vida de los trabajadores
agrcolas ayudndolos a construir casas de acuerdo a
sus ingresos y alentando a los granjeros a incrementar
el pago a los trabajadores. Voy a tomar los hechos que
estoy aprendiendo en este artculo para formar mi
propia opinin.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: hechos y opiniones
Vocabulario: races griegas, latinas y otros lingustica
Ortografa/Fontica: prejos mis, dis, non y un

Nombre
393

Puedo citar tu frase?

I think youre mean, Jake glared at Caroline.

No, Im not, said Caroline. I just happen to know
that eating food helps kids grow.

Leamos Breakfast Club. Podemos decidir cules son los

hechos y cules son las opiniones en este fragmento.

Wow, look at the time, said Jake. Its already

seven-thirty. We better run or the bus driver will
have a t. Jake yelled at Caroline as he ran for
his books.

Breakfast Club
I hate oatmeal, Derek yelled. Derek was only three
years old, so he yelled a lot.

I go to school, too, Derek wailed.

It doesnt matter to me, his brother Jake said. But

oatmeal is healthy; its good for you. If you dont
want to eat it, just be quiet, okay?

Derek whispered to Jake, Tell her I ate my oatmeal,

okay?

394

Of course, that made Derek cry. The whole point of

being three was to get biggeras big as Jake.

Derek whispered, Tell her I ate my

oatmeal, okay?
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Caroline, who was the boys sister, and knew

everything, interrupted: I guess it doesnt matter,
Derek. But if you dont eat your oatmeal, you wont
grow. Youll stay three feet tall for the rest of
your life.

Dont worry. Nursery school doesnt start until nine

oclock. Caroline said. Moms coming down the
stairs right now.

Summarize
Use a Chart to record facts

Fact

Opinion

and opinions about Marie

Curie and her work. Use the

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

information in the chart to

Marie Curie
by Meish Goldish

summarize the book.

Think and Compare

1. Reread the Introduction on page 2. Find one
opinion. Then find a fact. (Fact and Opinion)
2. Do you think Marie showed wisdom by
its dangers? Explain your answer. (Analyze)
3. Marie served as a role model for women in
her day. Who is an outstanding role model for
women today? Explain your choice. (Synthesize)

Marie Curie

experimenting with radium without knowing of

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Chapter 1 A Difficult Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Chapter 2 A Pursuit of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Chapter 3 More Science Breakthroughs . . . . .12
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
20

Marie Curies work opened up a new field of

medicine called radiology. Her experiments led to
better ways of treating people with cancer and
other diseases.
She was the first woman ever to win a Nobel
Prize. This is a special prize given each year to
people who do important work. Years later Marie
won a second Nobel Prize. She was the first
person ever to do so.
Marie Curie lived at a time when few women
were able to be scientists. She was born poor
and was often ill. Yet she rose above all that
to become a hero to the world. Her story has
inspired millions of people. It is sure to inspire
you too.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

You may know people who like to talk about

themselves. Marie Curie was not that kind of
person. She went about her work quietly and
cautiously. She didnt brag about what she did,
although she could have. She was a woman of
great wisdom. Marie Curie made discoveries that
transformed the world.

Glossary
atom (AT-uhm) the smallest particle of a chemical
element that has all the properties of that
element (page 10)
element (EL-uh-muhnt) one of the materials from
which all other materials are made. There are
more than 100 known elements, including iron,
oxygen, and gold. (page 10)
physics (FIZ-iks) the science that deals with matter
and energy and the laws governing them (page 8)
radiation (ray-dee-AY-shuhn) energy given off in
the form of waves or very tiny particles (page 10)

Marie Curie

Introduction

radioactivity (ray-dee-oh-ak-TIV-i-tee) the giving off

of energy in the form of rays. The rays are given
off during a process in which atoms of one
element split apart. (page 10)
radium (RAY-dee-uhm) a white metal that is
highly radioactive. It is used to treat cancer.
(page 10)

Index
childhood, 47
Curie, Pierre, 911, 13-14, 17, 18
Nobel Prize, 2, 11, 14, 18
Radium Institute, 14, 16
Sorbonne, 6, 8, 14, 16, 18

19

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Marie Curie

Today the entire world owes much to Marie

Curie. Thanks to her, millions of cancer patients
now live with new treatments and new hope for
the future.

Marie Curie led the way for women to become

accepted as serious scientists.

18

A Difficult Childhood

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

Marias parents were both teachers. Her father

taught science in a boys school. Her mother was
the head of a girls school. They raised their
children to study and work hard. Maria had an
active mind and learned quickly. She became the
top student in her class.

The five
children in the
Sklodowska
family were
(from left to
right) Sofia,
Helena, Maria,
Joseph, and
Bronya.

Marie Curie

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland, in

1867, as Maria Sklodowska (skluh-DAWF-skuh).
She was the youngest of five children.

During her lifetime Marie was given more than

100 important prizes, medals, and honors for her work
in science. Here she is with her husband, Pierre.

17

Thanks to Marie, important work continued

at the lab. It had more radioactive material than
any other lab in the world. Scientists found new
ways to kill cancer cells with radiation.
Over time, Marie grew weaker. Her eyes began
to fail her. Finally, in 1934, her body could take
no more. Marie died of a blood disease caused
by her many years of working directly with
radium.
The world was very sad when Marie died. She
had done great things to help others. She was
buried near the Sorbonne. People in Poland also
honored Marie, a hero from their country.

16

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Marie Curie worked hard during the war. She

was now in her fifties. Her work with radium
left her even more pained and tired than before.
Yet Marie couldnt relax. She traveled to the
United States twicein 1921 and 1928. Each time
she raised funds for the Radium Institute. She
returned to France feeling ill and worn out.

Marie Curie

Conclusion

Illnesses Then and Now

Tuberculosis (too-buhr-kyuh-LOH-suhs) is a lung
disease. Typhus (TIGH-fuhs) is a disease that
people can get from lice or fleas. In the decades
of the 1800s many people with tuberculosis or
typhus died from these diseases. Today doctors
can use drugs to cure people of these illnesses.

Maria grew up in a loving home. Yet she

had to deal with many painful losses. Her oldest
sister, Sofia, died of typhus when Maria was only
eight. Two years later, Marias mother died of
tuberculosis. Maria had been very close to both
of them. While playing, she often pretended to
be a doctor. She dreamed of finding a cure for
all sicknesses. Little did Maria know that one day
a small part of her dream would come true.
Throughout high school Maria remained a
top student. She finished first in her class. She
wanted to go to college to study science and
medicine. Yet she knew that was impossible.
Women in Poland were not allowed to attend
college. This did not violate the law of that time.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Maria (left) and her
sister Bronya had this
photograph taken
when they were
young women in
Poland.

X-Rays
Marie Curie used X-rays, but she did not discover
them. That credit goes to Wilhelm Roentgen
(RENT-guhn), a German scientist. He first noticed
the strange rays in 1895. Not knowing what they
were, he called them X-rays. They could pass
through flesh, but not through bone. That made
them perfect for seeing inside the human body.

Marias dream of college didnt fade, however.

She planned to leave Poland and attend the
Sorbonne, a university in Paris, France. To get
ready, she attended a school in Warsaw for
women only. It was called The Floating
University. The daring students met secretly in
peoples homes to study.

Marie Curie

X-rays of a childs hands show that there is room for

bone growth. Adult hand bones are closer together.

Maria faced another problem. She needed

money to pay for the Sorbonne. At age 18, she
took a job in Warsaw as a governess. She took
care of young children and was responsible for
teaching them in their homes. Maria worked as a
governess for seven years.

15

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

After Pierres death Marie did her best to stay

strong. She hid her pain and buried herself in
work. Marie became the Sorbonnes first woman
professor. She also became head of the schools
new physics lab, the Radium Institute.

In 1914 World War I began. Marie volunteered

to help the French soldiers. She came up with a
wise idea. She raised money to buy about
200 X-ray machines. She had each machine
placed in its own truck. Marie then taught
teams of women how to take X-rays. The trucks
crisscrossed the battlefield and drove to injured
soldiers. X-rays showed exactly where the soldiers
were injured. Doctors could then operate on the
soldiers at once. Maries invention saved both
time and lives.

14

Marie Curie

Marie needed workers to help her. She knew

how hard it was for women to find jobs as
scientists. So she hired many women to assist in
the lab. Marie continued to study how radium
affects diseased cells. She wanted to make an
even purer form of radium. In time Marie did
just that. In 1911 she won the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for her work.

Secret Loyalty
Marias family placed great value on learning. But
some learning had to be done in secret. At the
time, Poland was ruled by Russia. The Russians
wanted Polish children to learn Russian only. It
was against the law to teach the Polish language
or Polish history. Marias parents secretly taught
their children Polish. Marias father lost his job
for teaching in Polish.

FebWdZ

Hkii_W

This map shows Poland and Russia as they exist

today. During Maria Sklodowskas childhood, Russias
territory reached further west and included Poland.

A Pursuit of Science

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

At the Sorbonne, Marie spent long hours

studying. She studied math and physics. She
proved to be a wizard at both subjects. In
1893 she finished college first in her class. She
continued her studies and got higher degrees in
math and physics.

The Sorbonne was

founded in the
thirteenth century.

Marie Curie

Think of how you feel when a dream comes

true. Thats how Maria felt in 1891. She was
finally going to the Sorbonne. She was 24 years
old. She changed her named from the Polish
Maria to the French Marie.

Safety First
Today scientists
know much more
about the harmful
effects of radiation.
At the dentists
office, patients wear
a heavy jacket for
protection while
getting X-rayed.

Marie spent long hours in her lab. Often she

felt tired. Sometimes she got burns on her skin.
She was suffering from the radiums powerful
rays. But Marie didnt want to think about
radiums possible harm. She thought only about
its power to cure.
Sadly, Marie soon faced tragedy. In 1906
Pierre died in an accident. He had been walking
by himself on a rainy afternoon. He stepped off
a curb to cross the street and was hit by a horse
and wagon. He was killed instantly.

13

More Science
Breakthroughs

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

Marie and Pierre began to work together. Their

friend Henri Becquerel (ah-REE be-kuh-REL) was
interested in a mineral called uranium (yoo-RAYnee-uhm). Becquerel asked Marie to study this
mineral.

Marie spent one hour

each day teaching
her children, Irene (at
left) and Eve. Then
she returned to her
laboratory to work.

12

Marie Curie

Marie continued to study radium in her lab.

She wanted to learn how this new element might
be used to fight illness.
As Marie worked she found out how strong
radiation really was. She saw that it could kill
healthy human cells. That was a bad thing.
Yet, Marie had a more
hopeful thought: perhaps
radium could also kill
diseased cells.

After college, Marie took a job in a science

lab. There she met Pierre Curie, a college physics
teacher. The two shared the same interests. They
married in 1895.

Whats in a Name?
Uranium is a hard, heavy,
silver-white metal. It was
discovered in 1789 by
German scientist Martin
Klaproth (KLAHP-roht). He
named it after the planet
Uranus, which had been
discovered eight years
earlier.
Today uranium is
the main source of
nuclear energy.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

When they
werent working
in the lab, Pierre
and Marie loved
to go biking
together.

News of the discoveries spread around the

world. The Curies became famous. In 1903 they
were honored for their work on radioactivity.
They and their friend Henri Becquerel shared the
Nobel Prize in Physics.

Marie studied the faint rays, or radiation, that

uranium produced. She wanted to learn what
caused the rays. She performed chemical tests on
the mineral. She also tested other minerals that
gave off similar rays. Soon Marie formed an idea.
She believed the rays came from inside uraniums
atoms. She invented a new word to describe the
process: radioactivity.
By 1898, Pierre began to help Marie in the
lab. They worked to separate the radioactivity
from uranium and other minerals. After a year
of work, Marie reached her goal. She discovered a
new element. She called it polonium, in honor of
her homeland, Poland. Later, Marie discovered a
second new element. She named it radium, from
the Latin word for ray.

10

Marie Curie

Tiny Little Things

It was not easy for Marie Curie to study the
atoms inside uranium. An atom is a tiny particle.
It is so small that the tiniest speck of dirt has
more than ten billion atoms in it. Marie Curie
studied how the parts of an atom can create
radioactivity, which produces powerful energy.

An atom has three parts to it: electrons, protons,

and neutrons.

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
WORDS TO KNOW
annual

evaporate

magnify

technique

foolishness

inspire

(fold here)

Science Experiment Lets see if we can talk about a

science experiment using all of the words.

SPELLING WORDS
sunny

furry

gently

hairy

barely

tasteless

sorrowful

lifeless

illness

hopefully

happiness

certainly

sickness

aimless

breathless

handful

joyfully

really

goodness

Who Am I? Were going to work with the sufxes y, ly,

ful, less, and ness. Ill give you one of the words without
its sufx. Tell me the word with the correct sufx and
spell it out loud. When were done we could think about
other words with one of our sufxes.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

spotless

This week we are reading the biography Snowake

Bentley. Willie Bentley lived in Vermont and liked
nature. Most of all he loved snowakes. He got a
camera and began to photograph them. I know he
became famous, and I would like to know whether his
love of snowakes led to a career or to a discovery. It
will be interesting to nd out. As I read, the author will
give me hints that I can use to draw conclusions about
Willie Bentley.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: draw
conclusions
Vocabulary: multiplemeaning words
Spelling/Phonics:
sufxes y, ly, ful, less,
and ness

Name
405

The words below are hidden in the Word Search. Shade

the letters for them. Write the letters you did not shade, in
order, in the spaces below.

Willie

Bentley

snowstorm

snowake
farm

Vermont

snow

apple

blossoms

barns

lantern

fee

mittens

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

sleds

Write the uncircled letters in order here.

406

What Was Willie Like?

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO
annual

evaporate

magnify

technique

foolishness

inspire

(fold here)

Experimento cientco Vamos a tratar de usar todas

las palabras para hablar de un experimento cientco

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
sunny

furry

gently

hairy

barely

tasteless

sorrowful

lifeless

illness

hopefully

happiness

certainly

sickness

aimless

breathless

handful

joyfully

really

goodness

Quin soy? Vamos a trabajar con los sujos y, ly,

ful, less y ness. Te dir una de las palabras sin el
sujo. T debers decirme la palabra con el sujo
que corresponda y deletrearla en voz alta. Cuando
terminemos podemos pensar en otras palabras que
lleven uno de estos sujos.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

spotless

Esta semana estamos leyendo la biografa Snowake

Bentley. Willie Bentley viva en Vermont y le gustaba la
naturaleza. Como lo que ms le gustaba eran los copos
de nieve, obtuvo una cmara y comenz a tomarles
fotos. S que Willie se hizo famoso, y me gustara saber
si lo que lo impuls en su carrera fue su amor por los
copos de nieve o algo que descubri. Conforme lea,
el autor me va a dar pistas que puedo usar para sacar
conclusiones acerca Willa Bentley. Va a ser interesante
averiguarlo. Conforme leo, el autor me dar pistas
que puedo usar para sacar conclusiones acerca
de Willie Bentley.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin: sacar
conclusiones
Vocabulario: palabras
con varios signicados
Ortografa/Fontica:
los sujos y, ly, ful,
less y ness

Nombre
407

Las palabras de la lista de abajo estn escondidas en la

Bsqueda de palabras de la pgina siguiente. Sombrea las
letras que forman las palabras. Luego escribe en orden en
los espacios en blanco las letras que no sombreaste.

Bentley

snowstorm

snowake

sleds

farm

Vermont

snow

apple

blossoms

barns

lantern

fee

mittens

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Willie

Write the uncircled letters in order here.

408

Cmo era Willie?

Summarize

Text Clues Conclusion

Use a chart to record clues that

help you draw conclusions about
the information in the text. Then

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

summarize the information.

Think and Compare

Amazing
Stuff!
Materials at Work

1. Reread Chapter 2. What can

by Mary Kay Carson

you conclude about how properties work well for a

specific use? (Draw Conclusions)
2. What do you think a good use of super-hard

3. Different materials are available around the world, but

we have to understand their properties to best use
them. Plan to build a home in your area. Tell what
the best materials would be to use. (Evaluate)

Amazing Stuff!

diamonds might be? Explain. (Apply)

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Solid, Liquid, or Gas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Amazing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary and Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

20

Take a look at your desk. What is it made

of? Is it wood, plastic, or metal? What about this

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction
book? You know its made of paper and your
desks legs are probably metal. But how are you

materials (muh-TEER-ee-uhlz)
substances used to make
things (page 2)

metal by their properties. Metal is heavy and

Amazing Stuff!

hard, while paper is smooth and light. Smoothness,

We identify and
choose materials
like plastic and
paper by their
properties.

density (DEN-si-tee) the

amount of something for a
specific volume, like grams
per liter (page 10)

(page 10)

You identify materials like paper, plastic, and

every day.

(page 4)

phase change (FAYZ

CHAYNJ) a change from
one state of matter (solid,
liquid, or gas) to another
(page 6)

properties (PROP-uhr-teez)
characteristics or features
(page 2)

wood? What do you look for?

the materials we use

atoms (AT-uhmz) small

particles within matter

mass (MAS) the amount of

matter something contains

able to tell paper from metal or plastic from

weight, and hardness are just a few properties of

Glossary

states (STAYTZ) forms of

matter (page 3)
volume (VOL-yewm) the
amount of space something
takes up (page 10)

matter (MAT-uhr) any

substance that has mass
and volume (page 3)

Index
aerogel, 13

Mohs, Friedrich, 15

diamond, 1416

nanotubes, 17

gold, 12

phase change, 6, 8, 9

graphite, 1415

states of matter, 5, 9

mercury, 56

19

The world is full of all kinds of materials.

Theyre made into everything from chairs to cars,

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion
from spaceships to shirts. Many materials are
hard, dense solids. Others are slippery liquids or
lightweight gases. Its their properties that make
them useful.
Scientists are always working on creating new
materials. Theyre developing harder, stronger, and
lighter materials. They may be used for space
for? No one knows for sure. But whatever their
properties and uses, these materials are sure to
be amazing.

The materials in this

climbers helmet, shoes,
and pad are all useful.

Amazing Stuff!

travel in the future. What else will they be used

All three states of water are

here: solid ice, liquid water,
and gaseous steam.

Metal, paper, and stone are all examples of

materials. Materials are substances that people
use to make other things. Like everything else in
the world, materials are made of matter. Matter
is anything that has weight and takes up space.
The clothes we wear, the milk we drink, and even
the air we breathe are all matter. Matter comes in
three forms, or states: solid, liquid, and gas.

18

Solid, Liquid, or Gas?

Knowing a matters state helps you identify

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

it. When you see rain, you know it is not wood.

A materials state is what makes it useful, too.
Wood is good for building houses. Rain is good
for flowers.
What makes solids, liquids, and gases different?
Its their arrangement of atoms that determine
make up all matter.
Solids like rocks have their own set shape.
Their set shape comes from tightly linked atoms.
Liquids like milk dont have a set shape. They
take the shape of the container they are in. The
atoms in liquids arent tightly linked like in solids.
Their looser arrangement means they flow.
The atoms in gases are still farther apart.
These atoms move quickly. Gases spread out to
fill their entire container. They spread out, but
they can also be squeezed together.

Amazing Stuff!

a materials state. Atoms are small particles that

This image is magnified. Carbon nanotubes are

about 10,000 times thinner than a human hair.

Whats the strongest material in the world? Its

another form of carbon called carbon nanotubes.
Scientists in labs create carbon nanotubes. They
are too small to see. These tiny circular tubes
of linked carbon rings are nearly unbreakable.
Carbon nanotubes may someday be used to
make everything from long-lasting paint to tiny
computer parts.

17

You probably think that diamonds are strong.

But youd be disappointed if you hit one with
a hammer. Diamonds shatter. That is because
hardness is not the same as strength. A materials

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Strong or Weak?

strength is how well it holds its shape with no

Different States of Matter

breaking or cracking.

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Wax is a
solid when
cool.

Mercury is
the only
metal thats
liquid at room
temperature.

Neon gas
spreads out to
fill this entire
tube.

There are different types of material strength.

Some materials hold their shape when weight is
pushing down on them. Stone and concrete are
very strong this way. Its why both are good for

Other materials can be pulled on without

snapping. Steel and rope are very strong this
way. Its why ropes can hold rock climbers. Its
also why you see giant bridges held up with
thick steel cables.

Spider silk is
stronger than
an equally thick
wire of steel.

16

Amazing Stuff!

building foundations and roads.

This diagram shows the three states of mattersolid,

liquid, and gas.

Do you ever help cook a meal? Then you

know materials change their state. Solids like
butter melt into liquids. Liquids like soup boil into
steam, a gas. Changing from one state of matter

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Power of Change

How is hardness measured? German scientist

Friedrich Mohs came up with a way to do this in
1812. The Mohs scale references hardness from 1 to
10. The hardest is 10 and the softest is 1. A penny
has a Mohs hardness of 3 so a penny scratches
anything with a Mohs number lower than 3. For

to another is called phase change.

example a penny scratches graphite. But anything

higher than 3, like ruby, scratches the penny.

How does a liquid change into a solid? A

liquids flowing atoms slow down when cooled. If
they slow down enough, they link up. This makes

How Hard Is It?

them a solid. The temperature at which a liquid

becomes a solid is a materials freezing point.

8000

Diamond

1000
0

Topaz

2000

Steel File

3000

Ruby

4000

Glass

Most gases have very low freezing-point temperatures.

It gets so cold on Pluto that the air can freeze into a
solid and fall like snow.

5000

Fingernail
Penny

(-39C)!

6000

Graphite

mercurys freezing point is much colder. Its -38F

7000

True Hardness

Water becomes a solid at 32F (0C). The metal

Amazing Stuff!

Different materials have different freezing points.

10

MOHS scale
Diamond not only tops the Mohs scale, its more than
100 times harder than ruby.

15

Density is not the only thing that makes a

material useful. Hardness is another especially
useful property of materials. Diamond is the worlds
hardest material. It can cut steel, break concrete,

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Hard or Soft?

even grind metal. Some diamonds become jewels,

but most diamonds are used in tools. Rock drills,
eyeglass grinders, and stone polishers all use
diamonds. Nothing works as hard as a diamond!
Diamond is pure carbon. The atoms in
diamond are tightly packed together. Another
gray stuff inside your pencil. Graphites atoms are
more loosely packed than diamonds. This makes
graphite soft and crumbly, perfect for writing. A
diamondfilled pencil would be just foolishness!

Amazing Stuff!

material made of pure carbon is graphite. Its the

Crayons have a low melting
point. They become liquid at
about 105F (40C).

How does a solid change into a liquid? Heat is

the answer. It speeds up and breaks linked atoms
apart. Once a solid reaches its melting point, it
flows into a liquid. The melting point of iron is
very hot. Its 2795F (1535C)! Butter is different.
It melts to a liquid at only 93F (34C).
How does a liquid change into a gas? More
heat! Heat speeds up atoms even faster. When

Graphite

Diamond

What makes graphite soft and diamond hard? Its

the different arrangement of their carbon atoms.

a liquid reaches its boiling point, it becomes a

gas. Water turns to water vapor, a gas, at 212F
(100C). Cooking oil changes to a gas at a much
hotter 570F (299C).

14

be useful. A material that goes from solid into

liquid can be shaped. Think about metal. Metal
melts, so there are techniques for making it into
everything from cars to coins. A useful metal

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

A material that easily changes phase can

The worlds least dense solid is called aerogel.

Aerogel is like solid foam. You can even see
through it. NASA invented aerogel to trap comet
dust. NASA used aerogel on the flight of a
spacecraft called Stardust.

that is shaped when it is a liquid is gold. People

have been inspired to make jewelry from gold for
many years.
Plastic is another material that melts. Think of
all the different things made of plastic.

Space Spinoffs

Amazing Stuff!

Once melted, metal is poured

into a mold to create a new
shape.

Aerogel isnt just for catching comet dust. It may

soon be used in everything from surfboards to
energy-saving windows. Aerogel is one of many
materials invented for the space program. What other
space-age materials do we now use every day on
Earth? Smoke detectors were first used on space
stations. Cordless tools were first used by astronauts.
Even the clear material now used in many dental
braces started out in a NASA laboratory.
A person-size
chunk of aerogel
weighs only
one pound. But
it can support
the weight of a
small car.

13

Prospectors use golds

density to help find it.
Prospectors often search
for gold in riverbeds. They
scoop gravel into a sieve.
The glinting gold metal
sinks to the bottom of
the sieve.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Searching for Gold

Swamp Cooler

Waters easy phase changing can be put to work

cooling homes. The water inside this swamp cooler
cools hot air as it evaporates. A fan sends the
cooled air inside.

The gold nuggets remain

behind as the water and
sand wash away.

A materials denseness can make it both

amazing and useful, too. Metals like iron and
gold are some of the densest and most useful
materials on Earth. Their high density comes from
their tightly packed atoms. These materials are
extra solid solids!

Amazing Stuff!

Water is an amazing phase changer. It is the

only material that changes between all three
states of matter at everyday temperatures. Water
is changing phase all around you. Hang up a wet
sock to dry and watch as the water in the sock
changes phase when it evaporates. Leave an ice
cube in the sink and wait while solid ice melts
and changes to liquid. Set a cold drink on the
Low-density materials are just as useful. Think
about the fluffy filling in winter coats. Its not

table. The drops of sweat on the glass come from

water vapor in the air. Gas changes to liquid.

very dense, but that is what makes it useful. The

filling is both warm and lightweight.

Earths water cycle is caused by the phase

change of water. Puddles dry up as water
evaporates into air. It forms clouds. Then rain or
sleet falls. In many places snow is an annual event.

12

Amazing Materials
Its the properties of materials that make

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

Density is mass per volume

or the weight of a particular
volume of something. So

them useful. Steel is strong and that is why it

which is denseran orange or

is a useful material. Density is another important

a cracker? To find out you

property. You probably know that a brick is

need to weigh equal volumes

denser than a pillow. But what exactly is density?

of both. Then compare

weights. A scale tells you that

Density is a combination of mass and volume.

one cup of crackers weighs

Weighing something tells you its mass. An orange

less than one cup of oranges.

has more mass than a cracker. It weighs more.

So, oranges are denser.

Volume is how much space something takes up.

An orange also has more volume than a cracker.
Its larger. It takes up more space. But which is
denser?

Amazing Stuff!

Mass is the amount of matter in something.

All materialssolids, liquids,

and gaseshave densities that
can be measured. Density can
be a useful property. Dense
bricks are annoying to sleep
on. But no one builds a

These two items

weigh the same
so they have the
same mass. But
their volumes
are different. So
their densities
differ, too.

10

house of pillows!

Liquids have different

densities, too. The oil
in this salad dressing
is less dense than
the other liquids.
This makes the oil
float on top.

11

Home-School Connection
Dear Family Member:

Word Workout
nowadays

dizzy

hilarious

independence

mischief

came in handy

Whacky Inventions Lets use each word in a description

of a whacky invention we make up.

SPELLING WORDS
interstate

happily

unnamed

invisible

action

intersect

kindness

restate

establishment

oversized

deate

nally

reverse

displease

prejudge

semiweekly fearful

Drop It! Write a sentence with one of the spelling

words above. Now take off the prex from the word and
write another sentence using the base word. How does
the prex change the meaning of the word?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

unchanged infrequent prepaid

(fold here)

WORDS TO KNOW

This week we are reading How Ben Franklin Stole

the Lightning. Ben Franklin was a printer, statesman,
newspaper owner, and inventor. He was a very creative
person with many wonderful ideas. In the 1700s, all
houses were made of wood. If lightning struck
a house, it burned to the ground. Franklin set
out to steal the lightning before it could do
any mischief. I will look for clues to nd out how
the author feels about Ben Franklins ideas and
inventions.

This Weeks Skills

Comprehension: authors perspective
Vocabulary: dictionary
idioms
Spelling/Phonics:
prexes and sufxes

Name
419

Whats the View?

Topic:

A book reviewer has written about two books that have just
come out. What is each authors perspective?

Point of view

Mrs. Fielding has now

published her 23rd
cookbook, and is already on
her 24th. She has traveled
the world and written about
the people and food of
many cultures. Her recipes
are almost secondary to the
accounts of her travels.
Topic:
Point of view

420

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Mr. Trent has just written a book about horse

racing. He has collected statistics about horses
for as long as he can remember. He writes about
famous horsesthe time they ran in each race;
the jockeys who rode them; the
names of their breeders.
He has statistics on the
number of horses in each
important race, which
one came in rst, in
second, in last.

Conexin con el hogar

Queridos familiares:

Ejercicio de palabras
nowadays

dizzy

hilarious

independence

mischief

came in handy

Inventos absurdos Pensemos en un invento absurdo y

usemos cada una de estas palabras para describirlo.

PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFA
interstate

happily

unnamed

invisible

action

intersect

kindness

restate

establishment

oversized

deate

nally

reverse

displease

prejudge

semiweekly fearful

Sultalo! Escribe una oracin con una de las palabras de

ortografa de arriba. Ahora qutale el prejo y escribe otra
oracin usando la palabra base. Cmo cambia el prejo el
signicado de la palabra?

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

unchanged infrequent prepaid

(fold here)

PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO

Esta semana estamos leyendo How Ben Franklin

Stole the Lightning. Ben Franklin era impresor,
estadista, dueo de un peridico e inventor. Era una
persona sumamente creativa que tena muchas ideas
extraordinarias. En el siglo XVIII todas las
casas estaban hechas de madera. Si un
rayo caa en una casa, la quemaba hasta los
cimientos. Franklin decidi robarse el rayo del
cielo antes de que podra hacer alguna travesura.
Voy a buscar pistas para descubrir que piensa el
autor sobre las ideas e invenciones de Ben Franklin.

Destrezas de la semana
Comprensin:
perspectiva del autor
Vocabulario:
diccionario
expresiones idiomticas
Ortografa/Fontica:
prejos y sujos

Nombre
421

Cul es el punto de vista?

Topic:

Un crtico literario ha escrito acerca de dos libros que acaban

de salir publicados. Cul crees que es el punto de vista
del autor?

Point of view

Mrs. Fielding has now

published her 23rd
cookbook, and is already on
her 24th. She has traveled
the world and written about
the people and food of
many cultures. Her recipes
are almost secondary to the
accounts of her travels.
Point of view

422

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Mr. Trent has just written a book about horse

racing. He has collected statistics about horses
for as long as he can remember. He writes about
famous horsesthe time they ran in each race;
the jockeys who rode them; the
names of their breeders.
He has statistics on the
number of horses in each
important race, which
one came in rst, in
second, in last.

Topic:

Summarize

Clue

Clue

Clue

Use a Chart to record clues about

the authors perspective. Then use
the information on the chart to

Authors Perspective

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Comprehension Check

summarize the book.

Thomas Alva

Edison
by Laurie Rozakis

Think and Compare

1. Look back at pages 2-3. What does the text tell you
about the authors perspective? (Authors Perspective)
2. Edison was convinced he could accomplish anything
Why or why not? (Evaluate)
3. You know that the phonograph is used to play music.
What other uses does this technology have today?
(Apply)

Thomas Alva Edison

he set out to do. Do you agree with this opinion?

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
An Inventor from the Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
A Bright Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3
Let There Be Music!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 4
Motion Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Comprehension Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20

What would the world be like without light

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Introduction
bulbs? We have Thomas Edison to thank for
He also invented the phonograph and motion

Thomas Edison is the most famous American

phonograph (FOH-nuh-graf) a machine for playing records

inventor. He came up with more than 1,000

Find out how this

one man changed
history through his
inventions.

(page 2)

Thomas Alva Edison

our daily lives better.

generator (JE-nuh-ray-tuhr) a machine that makes electric

power (page 11)

motion picture (MOH-shuhn PIK-chuhr) a movie; a series of

pictures projected so quickly that it seems like the objects
in the pictures are moving (page 2)

pictures.

technology to make

electricity (i-lek-TRI-suh-tee) energy that is in the form of a

current. Electricity is the power that lights lamps, heats some
houses, and makes appliances work. (page 2)

laboratory (LA-bruh-tawr-ee) a room or building where scientists

carry out their work (page 5)

that bright idea! And that was not his only one.

new devices. He worked with electricity and

Glossary

technology (tek-NOL-uhj-ee) scientific knowledge that is applied

for practical purposes (page 2)

Index
The Age of Invention, 3
light bulb, 911, 18
motion pictures, 2, 1417, 18
phonograph, 2, 1214, 18
telegraph, 67, 12

Edisons
phonograph
Thomas Alva Edison

19

Thomas Edison was a man with brilliant

ideas. He brought electric light to the world. He
invented the phonograph and motion pictures.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Conclusion

But Edison never stopped inventing. He invents

all the time, even in his dreams, his wife said.
Thomas Alva Edison died on October 21,
1931. When they heard the news, people all over
the United States turned off their lights for one
Thomas Alva Edison.

The thing I lose

patience with the most
is the clock. Its hands
move too fast.
Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison

minute. They did this to honor the great inventor

The Television
Television was the result of
many inventions by different
people. In 1895 Guglielmo
Marconi invented the first
radio. In 1901 he found
a way to make electrical
signals stronger. In 1923
Vladimir Zworykin invented
the first TV camera. Then,
in 1929, Zworykin invented
the TV picture tube.

Look at this
picture. Then
look at a modern
television set.
Would you ever
guess that the
two machines
are related?

The 1800s have been called The Age of

Invention. That is because so many things were
invented at that time. It seemed like a whirlwind
of inventions!
The first steamboat, steam-engine train, and

Electric lights are beautiful

as well as useful. Some
people think the Eiffel Tower
looks best at nightwhen it
is all lit up.

18

airplane were invented during this time. The

telephone was invented too. These inventions
changed the way people lived and worked all
over the world.

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 1

An Inventor
from the Start
Thomas Alva Edison was born

The Sneeze
The Sneeze is one of the first movies ever made.
The star was Fred Ott. He was a scientist who
worked with Edison. Edison recorded the movies
sound on the phonograph.

in 1847 in Milan, Ohio. His

friends called him Al, but his
mother probably called him
Trouble. Thats because
just one example.
Al asked why geese sat
on eggs. His mother said,
The goose wants to keep

The young inventor

her eggs warm so that they

will hatch.
Al went out. His family looked all over for
him. A few hours later, they found him sitting on

Thomas Alva Edison

he made mischief. Here is

Photo sequence from The Sneeze.

Edison built a movie studio in New Jersey.

some goose eggs! The eggs had all broken, but

From this location he made films of boxers,

Al had learned that geese can hatch eggs even

dancers, and the circus. The Great Train Robbery

though people cant.

was his first movie that told a story.

Al didnt give up on his experiments. When

Edison made more than 2,000 movies in the

he was seven years old, his family moved to Port

next years. He even developed color movies. An

Huron, Michigan. Al had a hard time in school.

artist painted each piece of film.

He was smart, but he could not hear well.

17

invented a motion picture camera that recorded

action on film. At first Edisons machine was
called a kinetograph.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Edison had done it again. This time he had

After three months, his mother took him out

of school. She had been a schoolteacher. Now
she taught him at home. My mother taught me
how to read good books quickly and correctly,
Al later said. I have always been very thankful

Now Edison had another idea. How could

for this early training.

he play the moving pictures back? He invented

Al built a

a motion picture player. This one was called

his new invention. These two inventions led to

bedroom, but his

the invention of the movie camera and movie

mother made him

projector.

move it to the

Patents
Inventions are protected by patents. A patent is
an official document issued by a government. A
patent gives a person or company the right to
be the only one to make or sell an invention for
a certain number of years. Edison had more than
1,000 patents. Here are the main steps in writing
a patent application in the United States.

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16

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Thomas Alva Edison

a kinetoscope. He watched his recordings on

laboratory in his

basement. The
chemical smells

If we did all the

things we are really
capable of doing, we
would literally astound
ourselves.
Thomas Alva Edison

made her dizzy.

The laboratory
Edison worked in
as an adult was
probably very
different than
the one he set
up in his familys
basement.

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5

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Back then, kids

had a lot more
independence than they
have nowadays. Many
kids went to work early.
Edison worked on the
railroad when he was

Telegraph machines
use electricity to
send messages from
place to place.

just 12 years old. He

sold newspapers and snacks to travelers. But
experiments if he was working? He solved the
problem by setting up a new lab in an empty
railroad car.
Edison learned how to work a telegraph
machine. In those days people used the telegraph
to send messages over long distances. Edison
was so interested in the telegraph that he quit
his railroad job to learn how to use it. He was

Thomas Alva Edison

he had a problem. How could he keep doing

This painting shows Edison (center) and some

of his workers testing a new lamp in his Menlo
Park laboratory.

Edison wanted to photograph people and

only 16 years old.

things in motion. He knew that George Eastman

Edison worked
on his inventions at
night. He invented

I never quit until I get

what Im after.
Thomas Alva Edison

had invented a new type of camera film. In

1889 Edison got some of this film. He cut it into
long, thin strips. Then one of his helpers, William

a way to send

Dickson, ran the film through the camera. The

telegraph signals

camera took pictures of things and people as

automatically. It was

they moved.

his first invention.

6

15

Motion Pictures
After Edison invented the phonograph, people

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4

In 1868 Edison moved to Boston to take a

job with the Western Union Telegraph Company.
At night Edison kept working on his experiments
in an electrical shop.

gave him a new name. They called him The

Wizard of Menlo Park. Edison was not finished

Edison moved to New York City. One day

one of the Western Union machines broke and

thingmotion pictures! This invention would

Edison was asked to help. He fixed the machine

change the world just as electric light and the

with a new part he had invented. Western Union

phonograph had.

wanted to buy the part Edison had invented.

I am experimenting
upon an instrument
which does for the eye
what the phonograph
does for the ear, which
is the recording and
reproduction of things
in motion.
Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison

yet. He was about to invent another great

Edison hoped to get $5,000 for his invention.

But he was too shy to ask for that much money,
so he did not say anything. Western Union gave
him $40,000! That was a lot of money then. It is
still a lot of money today. For Edison the money
came in handy.

In 1869 Edison
invented a
machine to show
stock prices.

Sunnyside, an early motion

picture, was released in 1919.

14

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2

A Bright Idea
Edison used the money to
set up his own laboratory in

it back and the machine said his words exactly.

Edison had invented the phonograph!

people to demonstrate how the phonograph

most interested in working

worked. All over the country, people paid 25

with electricity. Edison also

cents to hear it. Some people paid $30 to buy a

got married. He had met his

phonograph. That was a lot of money back then.

In 1876 Edison set up

a new lab in Menlo Park,
Gaslights were
dangerous.

In the 1800s, people used

gas, oil, and candles to light their homes. Some
of these light and heat sources were dangerous.
As a result, there were many fires. People were
often injured. Edison was convinced that there
was a safer, better way to make heat and light.

I find out what the world needs,

then I proceed to invent.

Thomas Alva Edison

wife at his lab, of course!

inventors to help him.

He spoke into the microphone. Then he played

The phonograph was a big hit. Edison hired

Newark, New Jersey. He was

New Jersey. He hired other

In 1877 Edison tested his recording machine.

From Phonographs to MP3 Players

After Edisons phonograph, Leon Berliner invented
a machine called the gramophone. It worked like
Edisons machine but used a round disc instead of
a cylinder. In the United States, gramophones were
also called record players. Record players play vinyl
discs. Around 1980 people invented
CD players. CD players play compact
discs, or CDs. Then MP3 players were
invented. An MP3 player doesnt play
a disc at all. Instead music is stored
on a computer file.

Thomas Alva Edison

13

Let There Be Music!

In 1877 Edison invented a talking doll for his

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 3

More importantly, it gave Edison an idea. Why

together with an electrical current that flowed in

only one way. That meant that if one light bulb

Edison had already invented a way of recording

went out, they all went out.

made on the tinfoil.

Edison and his phonograph.

Thomas Alva Edison

telegraph clicks. Recording peoples voices was

cylinder. The needle played back the sounds

work better with electricity than other materials.

form of electric lighting. They were all linked

voices and music?

the tinfoil. To work the machine, he turned the

object to object. They learned that some materials

In the 1870s some outdoor areas had a basic

not make a machine that could record and play

tinfoil and used a needle to make marks on

They had proved that electricity could flow from

Edison was smart enough to learn from their work.

daughter. She thought this toy was hilarious.

more difficult. He covered a metal cylinder with

Other scientists had worked with electricity.

First, Edison had to find a way to keep the

lights on if one bulb went out. Second, he had to
find a good material for the thin wire inside the
light bulb. Third, he had to make the light bulbs.

Wiring light bulbs with the current flowing in only one

direction means that if one light bulb blows out, they
all blow out.

12

on if one light bulb went out. He solved this

problem by using parallel circuits.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Edisons first problem was keeping the lights

Edisons second problem was finding a good

material for the wire. Edison tried metal, wood,
and cotton. He even tried hair from a coconut
shell! Lewis Latimer, a scientist working with
Edisons light bulb and
a modern light bulb.
How are they the
same? How are they
different?

Edison, solved this problem by using carbon for

Edisons third problem was making the light

bulbs. Edison solved this problem by setting up
a glass-blowing factory to make the bulbs.
In 1879 Edison made the first light bulb that
lasted a long time. In fact Edisons bulb burned for
about 13 hours. By December 1878, Thomas Edison
had lit up his lab and home with light bulbs.

Edison used
parallel circuits
to keep
electricity
flowing if one
bulb went out.

10

Thomas Alva Edison

the wire.

How could Edison bring this electric power to

many people? The first thing he did was build a
big electric generator.
Then Edison built an electric power station in
New York City. He called it the Edison Electric
Illuminating Company. On September 4, 1882, a
worker pulled a switch and suddenly 85 people
had electric power in their homes! Soon everyone
wanted electric power. Edison had made electric
lighting possible for homes, offices, and streets
everywhere. I have accomplished all that I
promised, Edison told reporters.

11

 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Calendar
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433

Name

Wednesday

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Wednesday

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Friday

434

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Tuesday

435

Name

Wednesday

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Friday

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Name

Wednesday

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436

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437

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Wednesday

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Wednesday

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438

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439

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442

Monday

Credits
Unit 1 Week 3 On Level Kids Work
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Chocolate Farm. 7: Neal Stafford/Chocolate Factory. 8: C Squared Studios/
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Images. 17: Carol and Megan Britton. 19: Digital Vision/Getty Images.
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Unit 2 Week 1 On Level Coretta Scott King
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Unit 2 Week 4 On Level Cattle-Driving Horses of the Old West

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Unit 3 Week 1 On Level Snakes in North America
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Brand X Pictures/PunchStock. 15: les polders/Alamy. 16: MedioImages/
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Stone/Getty Images. 5: The New York Public Library/Art Resource, NY;
(frame) Comstock/PunchStock. 7: B. Anthony Stewart/National Geographic/
Getty Images. 8: Bettmann/Corbis. 9; 12: Photodisc/Getty Images.
13: North line of 1893 land run. #2000.005.9.1865; Photographer: William
S. Prettyman/National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, Oklahoma
City, OK. 15: NorthWind Picture Archives. 16: The Chief of the Santa Fe
Railroad, 1930s (b/w photo), American Photographer, (20th century)/Private
Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/The Bridgeman Art Library.
18: Richard Broadwell/Alamy. 19: Corbis; (frame) Comstock/PunchStock.
21: BrandX/PunchStock.
Unit 4 Week 5 On Level From Gliders to Rockets
1: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-8171.
2: Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy. 3: Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis.
4: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LCDIG-ppprs00540. 5: Underwood & Underwood/Corbis. 6: Corbis. 7: Library of
Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-8171. 8: Bettmann/
Corbis. 9: Roger Viollet/Getty Images. 10: (t) Library of Congress; 10: (b)
AFP/Getty Images. 12: Corbis. 13: Bettmann/Corbis. 14: (br) Tim Wright/
Corbis; (bl) Time Life Pictures/Getty Images. 15: Time & Life Pictures/Getty
Images. 16: NASA/Getty Images. 17: NASA/Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis.
1819: NASA. 20: (t) Royalty-Free/Corbis; (b) NASA/Roger Ressmeyer/
Corbis.
Unit 5 Week 1 On Level Survival in the Sahara Desert
1: (t) Masterfile; (b) Anthony Mercieca/Photo Researchers, Inc.,
23: (bkgd) Masterfile; 3: Rob Howard/CORBIS; 45: (t) Masterfile;
4: (b) Carl & Ann Purcell/CORBIS; 5: (c) Photowood Inc./CORBIS;
67: (t) Masterfile; 7: Anthony Mercieca/Photo Researchers, Inc.;
89: (t) Masterfile; 8: (c) BIOS/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 9: (c) George Holton/
Photo Researchers, Inc.; 1011: (t) Masterfile; 10: (b) Frans Lemmens/
Peter Arnold, Inc.; 11: (cr) Martin Harvey/CORBIS; 1213: (t) Masterfile;
12: (c) Frans Lemmens/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 14: (bkgd) Masterfile; (b) Paul
Stepan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Unit 5 Week 3 On Level Preserving Unique Places: Our National Parks
1: Arthur C. Smith III/Grant Heilman Photography. 2: (inset) Tom Algire/
SuperStock. 2-3: National Geographic/Getty Images. 3: (inset) Tom Vezo/
naturepl.com. 4-5: Jeremy Woodhouse/Masterfile. 7: Arthur C. Smith III/
Grant Heilman Photography. 9: Gibson Stock Photography; (inset) Richard
T. Nowitz/Corbis. 10-11: James Randklev/Corbis. 12: Gordon Whitten/
Corbis. 13: Jeff Foott. 14: Thomas Hallstein/Alamy Images 16: Masterfile.
17: Tim Fitzharris/Minden. 18: (inset) Mary McDonald/naturepl.com.
1819: Patricio Robles Gil/AGEfotostock. 19: (inset) Digital Vision/Getty
Images. 2021: Tom Bean/Corbis.

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Unit 5 Week 4 On Level Changing Earth

1: (c) Panoramic Images/Getty Images. 2: (b) Kevin Schafer/CORBIS.
3: Royalty-Free/CORBIS. 4: (cl) Brand X Pictures/PunchStock; (cr)
Thinkstock/Alamy; (bl) U.S. Geological Survey. 5: (bl) David Muench/
CORBIS; (bc) U.S. Geological Survey; (br) PhotoLink/Getty Images.
6: (b) W.B. Hamilton, U.S. Geological Survey. 7: (t) Photograph by J. T.
McGill, courtesy U.S. Geological Survey. 8: (b) Harvey Lloyd/Getty Images.
10: (t) Will Crocker/Getty Images. 11: (c) Department of Defense.
12: (b) NASA/Corbis. 13: (c) Image Source/Getty Images. 14: (c) JOE
SKIPPER/Reuters/Corbis. 15: (b) Tony Arruza/ CORBIS. 16: (t) Panoramic
Images/Getty Images; (bl) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./John A.
Karachewski, photographer. 17: (b) Thinkstock /Jupiter Images.
18: (bc) Tony Arruza/CORBIS.
Unit 5 Week 5 On Level Looking at Whales
1: F. Gohier/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 23: Brandon D. Cole/CORBIS; 3: (inset)
Douglas Seifert/UNEP/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 45: (b) Joel W. Rogers/CORBIS;
5: (inset) Paul A. Souders/CORBIS; 7: (t) F. Gohier/Peter /Arnold, Inc.;
(b) PhotoLink/Getty Images; 8: PhotoLink/Getty Images; 9: Tom Brakefield/
CORBIS; 1011: (l to r) Doug Perrine/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 12 Gerard Soury/
Peter Arnold, Inc.; 13: Tom Brakefield/CORBIS; 14: Mike Parry/Minden
Pictures; 15: (tl) Gerard Lacz/Peter Arnold, Inc.; (tr) Patrick Frischknecht/
Peter Arnold, Inc.; (bl) George D. Lepp/CORBIS; (br) Paul A. Souders/
CORBIS; 1617: Yves Lefevre/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 17: (inset) Stuart
Westmorland/CORBIS; 18: Marilyn Kazmers/Peter Arnold, Inc.
Unit 6 Week 1 On Level Explorers of the Southwest
1: Rosanne Olson/The Image Bank/Getty Images. 2: The Art Archive/
Corbis. 4: Bettmann/Corbis. 5: The Granger Collection, New York.
6: MPI/Getty Images. 7: North Wind Picture Archives. 9: Title page of the
1555 edition of La relacin y comentarios by lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca.
Used by permission of the Wittliff Collections, Texas State UniversitySan Marcos. 10: The Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico (oil on canvas) by
Thomas Moran (18371926 Private Collection/ Peter Newark American
Pictures/ The Bridgeman Art Library. 11: Garry Gay/Alamy. 12: Arizona

Historical Society/Tucson, AHS Photo No. 43325. 14: Topham/The Image

Works. 15: MPI/Getty Images. 16: Rosanne Olson/The Image Bank/Getty
Images. 17: Charles & Josette Lenars/Corbis. 19: Tom Bean/Corbis; (inset)
Bettmann/Corbis.
Unit 6 Week 3 On Level Marie Curie
All photographs are by Bettmann/Corbis, except where noted below.
1: Hulton Archive/Getty Images. 8: Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis. 9: DOE/
Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc. 1011: Scott Camazine/Photo
Researchers, Inc. 13: Keith Brofsky/Getty Images. 15: Jim Wehtje/Getty
Images. 17: Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
Unit 6 Week 4 On Level Amazing Stuff!
All photographs are by Colin Anderson/Corbis, except where noted below.
1: Charles ORear/Corbis. 2: Ross Whitaker/The Image Bank/Getty Images.
3: (tl) The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc./Ken Cavanagh Photographer;
(tr) Stockbyte/Punchstock; (cr) JUPITERIMAGES/Thinkstock/Alamy.
5: (cl) peter dazeley/Alamy; (c) Photodisc/Getty Images; (cr) Richard
Treptow/Photo Researchers, Inc. 6: NASA/Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute (JHUAPL/SwRI).
7: Jennifer Stamper/The Mazer Corporation. 8: Charles ORear/Corbis. 10:
Leslie Garland Picture Library/Alamy. 11: Leonard Lessin/Peter Arnold,
Inc. 12: David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit. 13: Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis.
16: Perennou Nuridsany/Photo Researchers, Inc. 17: Dr. Tim Evans/Photo
Researchers, Inc. 18: Reed Kaestner/Corbis.
Unit 6 Week 5 On Level Thomas Alva Edison
All photographs are by Bettmann/Corbis, except where noted below.
1: Schenectady Museum; Hall of Electrical History Foundation/Corbis.
2: (r) Corbis. 3: Hulton Archive/Getty Images. 6: Photodisc/Getty Images.
8: Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis. 11: (l) Schenectady Museum; Hall of
Electrical History Foundation/Corbis; (r) Corbis 12: Superstock Inc/
Superstock. 13: Photodisc/Getty Images. 15: Schenectady Museum; Hall of
Electrical History Foundation/Corbis. 17: John Springer Collection/Corbis.
18: PictureNet/Corbis.

Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

444