program
When a large project is made up of several other projects that are dependent on
each other, it becomes something bigger a program. Programs can become
overwhelming and stressful for one person to manage, so delegating individual
projects is often recommended. Outlining objectives, planning execution, managing
operations, and reporting on status are just a few of the functions involved in
carrying out a successful program.
project
Planned set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within
certain cost and other limitations.
system
An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and interdependent
elements (components, entities, factors, members, parts etc.). These elements
continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and
the existence of the system, in order to achieve the goal of the system.
All systems have (a) inputs, outputs and feedback mechanisms,
Task
Task usually refers to a clearly defined piece of work, sometimes of short or limited
duration, assigned to or expected of a person
Routine work
Simple Definition of routine. : a regular way of doing things in a particular
order. : a boring state or situation in which things are always done the same
way. : a series of things (such as movements or jokes) that are repeated as
part of a performance.
During the first of these phases, the initiation phase, the project objective or
need is identified; this can be a business problem or opportunity. An
appropriate response to the need is documented in a business case with
recommended solution options. A feasibility study is conducted to investigate
whether each option addresses the project objective and a final recommended
solution is determined. Issues of feasibility (can we do the project?) and
justification (should we do the project?) are addressed.Once the
recommended solution is approved, a project is initiated to deliver the approved
solution and a project manager is appointed. The major deliverables and the
participating work groups are identified, and the project team begins to take
shape. Approval is then sought by the project manager to move onto the
detailed planning phase.
Planning Phase
The next phase, the planning phase, is where the project solution is further
developed in as much detail as possible and the steps necessary to meet the
projects objective are planned. In this step, the team identifies all of the work
to be done. The projects tasks and resource requirements are identified, along
with the strategy for producing them. This is also referred to as scope
management. A project plan is created outlining the activities, tasks,
dependencies, and timeframes. The project manager coordinates the
preparation of a project budget by providing cost estimates for the labor,
equipment, and materials costs. The budget is used to monitor and control cost
expenditures during project implementation.
Implementation (Execution) Phase
During the third phase, the implementation phase, the project plan is put into
motion and the work of the project is performed. It is important to maintain
control and communicate as needed during implementation. Progress is
continuously monitored and appropriate adjustments are made and recorded as
variances from the original plan
Closing Phase
During the final closure, or completion phase, the emphasis is on releasing the
final deliverables to the customer, handing over project documentation to the
business, terminating supplier contracts, releasing project resources, and
communicating the closure of the project to all stakeholders. The last remaining
step is to conduct lessons-learned studies to examine what went well and what
didnt. Through this type of analysis, the wisdom of experience is transferred
back to the project organization, which will help future project teams.
