STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF ZIMBABWE
DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
LATEST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF COMMENTS: 2015-09-28
Our ref: FD 009
Draft Number: FD 009 D 791/1
Date: 2015-07-28
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE: FD 009: POTABLE WATER
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DRAFT SAZ SPECIFICATION FOR
PACKAGED DRINKING WATER OTHER THAN NATURAL
MINERAL WATER
This draft is now available for public comment. Your views and technical comments on it
would be appreciated. If you have no specific comments to make but find it generally acceptable
it would be helpful if you would notify us accordingly. Suggestions entailing revisions of the
text should indicate the preferred wording using the attached template. The relevant clause
number should be quoted against any comment.
All comments should be sent to the Committee Secretary Ms F Mukwekwerere at the address
shown below.
Standards Association of Zimbabwe
P O Box 2259
Harare
E-mail: fmukwekwerere@saz.org.zw
Website: www.saz.org.zw
THIS IS A DRAFT AND MUST NOT BE REGARDED OR USED AS A ZIMBABWE
STANDARD.
ZWS 791:2015
CONTENTS
PREFACE
Page
............................................................................................................
1.
SCOPE ..........................................................................................................
2.
DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................
3.
PRODUCT DESIGNATION .........................................................................
4.
MANUFACTURE .........................................................................................
5.
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................
6.
PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................
7.
SAMPLING, TESTING AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE
STANDARD ..................................................................................................
11
PACKING AND MARKING ......................................................................
13
8.
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ZWS 791:2015
PREFACE
This Zimbabwe Standard ZWS 791:2015: Bottled drinking water other than natural mineral
water, was prepared by Technical Committee FD 009: Potable water, under the general direction
of the Health, Safety and Environment Council.
This standard makes reference to the following publications:
A.O.A.C Handbook.
WHO
: Guidelines for drinking water quality.
ZWS 126
: Food hygiene.
Part 1
: Manufacturing.
ZWS 459
: Test method for measuring water pH value.
ZWS 477
: Water quality Examination and determination of colour.
ZWS 478
: Water quality Determination of turbidity.
ZWS 479
: Water quality Determination of chloride Silver nitrate titration with chromate
indicator (Mohrs method).
ZWS 480
: Water quality Determination of sulfate Gravimetric method using barium
chloride.
ZWS 481
: Water quality Determination of nitrate Spectrometric method using
sulfosalicylic acid.
ZWS 482
: Water quality Determination of nitrite Molecular absorption spectrometric
method.
ZWS 483
: Water quality Determination of ammonium Distillation and titration method.
ZWS 484
: Water quality Determination of calcium content EDTA titrimetric method.
ZWS 485
: Water quality Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium EDTA
titrimetric method.
ZWS 486
: Water quality Determination of iron Spectrometric method using 1,10
phenanthroline.
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ZWS 487
: Water quality Determination of manganese Formaldoxime spectrometric
method.
ZWS 488
: Water quality Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead.
Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods.
ZWS 489
: Water quality Determination of phosphorous Ammoniun-molybdate
spectrometric method.
ZWS 490
: Water quality Determination of fluoride Electrochemical probe method for
potable and lightly polluted water.
ZWS 491
: Water quality Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC).
ZWS 492
: Water quality Determination of total arsenic Silver diethyldithiocarbamate
spectrophotometric method.
ZWS 493
: Water quality Determination of cyanide as cyanogen chloride.
ZWS 494
: Water quality Determination of total chromium
spectrometric method.
ZWS 495
: Water quality Determination of the chemical oxygen demand.
ZWS 496
: Water quality Determination of biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days
(BOD5). Dilution and seeding method.
ZWS 497
: Water quality Determination of total mercury by flameless atomic absorptionSpectrometric method after digestion with bromine.
ZWS 577
: Water quality Determination of total dissolved solids Conductivity method.
ZWS 643
: Water quality Determination of electrical conductivity.
Atomic absorption
The following interests were represented on the technical committee entrusted with the preparation
of this standard.
Harare Institute of Technology .........................................................
Eng M Manyuchi
(Chairperson)
Bubble Springs. .................................................................................
Ms H Mabhena
Harare Polytechnic ............................................................................
Mr I Kutyauripo
Ms E Chaukura
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ZWS 791:2015
Ministry of Health and Child Care,
Government Analyst Laboratory ...................................................
Ms G Rupere
Schweppes Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd .......................................................
Mr F Magadzire
Standards Association of Zimbabwe ................................................
Mr A P Mahachi
Mr F Chipendo
Upper Manyame Subcatchment Council ...........................................
Ms C Mhuriro
Standards Association of Zimbabwe .................................................
Ms F Mukwekwerere
(Committee Secretary)
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ZIMBABWE STANDARD SPECIFICATION
FOR
PACKAGED DRINKING WATER OTHER THAN
NATURAL MINERAL WATER
1.
SCOPE
This Zimbabwe Standard specifies the description, treatment, testing, packaging
and labelling of water that is not natural mineral water. The water may be offered
as packaged non-carbonated (still) water or as packaged carbonated
(sparkling) water with or without permitted substances.
Where this SAZ Standard conflicts in any way with the relevant Government Acts
and Regulations, the requirements of the Government Acts and Regulations take
precedence over those in this standard.
NOTE. The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed in the
Preface.
2.
DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Zimbabwe Standard the following definitions shall apply:
2.1
Additive. Any substance which is included in the recipe but which is used to
fulfill a certain specified function. It is usually used in small quantities (usually
between 0.1 % and 5 %) and remain in the food as consumed. This excludes
those listed in the Food and Food Standards Act.
2.2
Approved. Approved by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare or the local
health authority or both, but in relation to the use of the certification mark,
approved by the Standards Association of Zimbabwe.
2.3
Best Before Date. A date no later than 48 h prior to the expiration of the
estimated shelf life of a food product.
2.4
Contaminant. Any unwanted substance intentionally/ not intentionally added to
food. This may occur as a result of activities in production, manufacture,
processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of
such food as a result of environmental contamination.
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2.5
Lot. A collection of sealed bottles of the same size, type and style which have
been manufactured, processed and packaged under essentially the same conditions
as agreed between the bottler and the Standards Association of Zimbabwe.
2.6
Product Unit. One unit of the final product consisting of the sealed bottle.
3.
PRODUCT DESIGNATION
3.1
Packaged Drinking Water. Water which is not mineral water that is:
a)
collected under conditions which guarantee the bacteriological purity;
b)
packaged close to the point of emergence of the source with particular
hygienic precautions.
c)
not subjected to any treatment other than those permitted by this standard;
and
d)
in conformity with all the provisions laid down in this standard.
3.2
Carbonated Bottled Water. Water that has been made effervescent by the addition
of carbon dioxide.
3.3
Non-Carbonated Water. Water that does not contain free carbon dioxide or other
gases in excess of the amount necessary to keep dissolved the hydrogen,
bicarbonate salts that are present in the water
4.
MANUFACTURING
4.1
Hygiene. The product covered by the provision of this standard shall be prepared
in accordance with the appropriate sections ZWS 126: Part 1.
4.2
Handling
4.2.1
The source, or point of emergence of the water obtained in accordance with 3.1
shall be protected against risk of pollution.
4.2.2
a)
Equipment coming in contact with the water in the course of processing
shall be kept clean and precautions shall be taken to prevent incidental
contamination of the water from soiled equipment.
b)
The installations for collection, the pipes and the reservoirs shall be made
from material suited to the water and in such a way as to prevent the
introduction of foreign substances into the water.
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c)
If during production, it is found that the water is polluted, all operations
shall stop immediately until the cause of pollution is eliminated. The
observance of this provision shall be subject to periodic checks.
4.3
Treatment. Treatment of the water includes separation from unstable substances
by decantation, filtration, UV screening, reverse osmosis and/or physical means
and any other acceptable treatment to obtain required characteristics.
5.
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
5.1
Washing of Bottles. All bottles shall be washed by a suitable process immediately
before being filled.
5.2
Treatment of Closures. All closures/caps shall be treated by a suitable process
immediately before being used.
5.3
Type of Bottles and Closures for the Finished Product. The product shall be
packed in hermetically sealed suitable bottles that will not contaminate or
adulterate the product. The closures shall have tamper-proof seal. The bottles and
closures shall be delivered to the filling plant in sealed packaging.
5.4
Condition of Bottles for the Finished Product. At the time of filling, all bottles
shall be sanitized. Bottles shall be free from chips, cracks and other defects.
Crown caps shall be fitted internally with a solid cork or composition cork disc or
with an acceptable plastic disc. Bottles to be used for, the product shall not be
used to store ingredients, raw materials or other products or preparations, and
such bottles shall not be used by workers for drinking purposes.
5,5
Filling and Sealing of Bottles. Bottles shall be filled under strictly hygienic
conditions and maintained in a hygienic state. The open ends of bottles shall not be
touched by hand. Immediately after filling, the bottles shall be hermetically sealed.
Closing machines shall be kept clean. Contamination of the product by soiled
equipment or detached particles of material shall be prevented.
5.4
Inspection of Bottles
5.5.1
Bottle inspection on filling lines
a)
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Bottle inspection on automated filling lines. Inspection of washed, unfilled
and filled bottles shall be performed on a continuous basis, either by means
of electronic equipment maintained in perfect working order, or when
personnel who operate as sighters use a random sample of the following
ratio f = n/N which should not be more than 10 % where n = number of
samples and N = lot size. The eyes of each sighter shall be checked at least
once every 12 months. The visual acuity (Snellen) of each sighter shall be
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ZWS 791:2015
at least 6/9 in each eye, or at least 6/12 in one eye provided that the other
eye has an acuity of at least 6/6. Alternatively the sighter's visual acuity
shall have been corrected to be within the above-mentioned limits of
refraction. Colour vision of each sighter shall be Ishihara Normal 1.
b)
6.
Bottle inspection on manual operations. Bottles shall be inspected both
before and after filling and defective bottles and products shall be rejected.
PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS
Packaged drinking water shall conform to the requirements stated in the
following.
6.1
Appearance. The water shall be clear and free from visible turbidity.
6.2
Organoleptic Characteristics. The odour and taste shall be pleasant.
6.3
Physical Characteristics. When tested in accordance with the methods specified
in Column 5 of Table 1, the physical characteristics of the water shall conform to
the requirements in Column 2, 3 and 4 of the same table.
6.4
Chemical Characteristics. When tested in accordance with the methods specified
in column 5 Table 2, the chemical characteristics of water shall conform to the
requirements in Columns 3 and 4 of the same table.
6.5
Trace Elements and Substances. When tested in accordance with the methods
specified in Column 5 of Table 3 the trace elements and substances, if detected
during quarterly analysis, shall conform to the requirements of Columns 3 and 4
of the same table.
TABLE 1- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristics
Scale
Test
Method
Colour
15
TCU
ZWS 477
Turbidity
NTU
ZWS 478
300
400
S cm at 20 C
ZWS 643
7,0 - 8,5
6,5 to 8,5
500
1000
Conductivity*
pH range*
Approved total*
dissolved solids
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Highest Maximum
desirable permissible
level
level
-1
ZWS 459
mg/
ZWS 577
ZWS 791:2015
TABLE 2 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristics Expression Highest Maximum
of results
desirable permissible
level
level
Test
methods
Chloride
mg/ Cl
25
150
ZWS 479
Sulfate*
mg/ SO4
25
250
ZWS 480
Nitrates*
mg/ NO3
10
50
ZWS 481
Nitrites*
mg/ NO2
0,001
0,02
ZWS 482
0,05
0,50
ZWS 483
Ammonium
mg/
NH4
Calcium
mg/
Ca
75
100
ZWS 484
Magnesium*
mg/
Mg
30
50
ZWS 485
Sodium
mg/
Na
20
150
Appendix A
mg/1 K
10
12
A.O.A.C
Potassium*
The magnesium content shall be obtained by difference. See ZWS 484.
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TABLE 3 TRACE ELEMENTS AND SUBSTANCES
Characteristic
Expression of results
Highest
desirable
level
Maximum
permissible
level
Test methods
Aluminium
g/1 A1
0,05
0,20
A.O.A.C
Iron*
mg/1 Fe
0,05
0,3
ZWS 486
Mangenese*
mg/1 Mn
0,5
ZWS 487
Copper
mg/1 Cu
ZWS 488
Zinc*
mg /1 Zn
0,1
ZWS 488
Fluoride*
mg/1 F (25 0C)
ZWS 490
Oxidizing
substances
g/1 KMnO4
A.O.A.C
g/ 1C
ZWS 491
g/1 H2S
Nil
Appendix D
A.O.A.C
Total organic
carbon
Sulfides
Dissolved
hydrocarbons
Ether extract mineral oils
Nil
Phenols
g/1 C6H5OH
Nil
Nil
Appendix E
Barium
g/1 Ba
Nil
Appendix F
NOTE. Characteristics marked * in Table 1, 2 and 3 are to be declared on the
label.
6.6
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Toxic Substances. When tested in accordance with the methods specified in
Column 4 of Table 4 toxic substances, if detected during quarterly
analysis, shall not exceed the maximum permissible level as specified in
Column 3 of the same table.
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TABLE 4 TOXIC SUBSTANCES
6.7
Characteristics
Expression
of results
Maximum
Permissible
level
Test method
Arsenic
mg/1 As
0,01
ZWS 492
Cadmium
mg/1 Cd
0,003
ZWS 488
Cyanide
mg/1 CN
0,07
ZWS 493
Chromium
mg/1 Cr
0,05
ZWS 494
Mercury
mg/1 Hg
0.001
ZWS 497
Nickel
mg/1 Ni
0,02
ZWS 488
Lead
mg/1Pb
0,01
ZWS 488
Berylium
mg/1Be
Nil
Acceptable chemical method
Antimony
mg/1Sb
0,005
"
Selenium
mg/1Se
0,01
"
Vanadium
mg/1 V
Nil
"
Microorganisms. When tested using acceptable microbiological methods, the
water shall not contain any parasitic, pathogenic or any other types of
microorganisms and especially the following:
a)
Total coliforms
b)
Faecal coliforms
c)
Faecal streptococcus
d)
Salmonella
e)
Yeasts and moulds
f)
Sulfide reducing clostridia.
The total plate count shall not exceed 100cfu/10 ml after bottling.
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ZWS 791:2015
6.8
6.9
Contaminants. The following contaminants shall not be detectable when the
treated water is subjected to quarterly testing using acceptable methods.
a)
Surface active agents
b)
Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
c)
Minerals oils
d)
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
e)
Radioactive materials (gross alpha or gross beta activity)
Oxygen Demand. The oxygen demand shall satisfy the following criteria for the
water.
a)
Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 10.0 mg/1 02 as determined in
accordance with ZWS 495.
b)
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 6.0 mg/1 02 as determined in
accordance with ZWS 496.
7.
SAMPLING, TESTING AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE STANDARD
7.1
Sampling
7.1.1
Scale of Sampling. The number of bottles to be selected from a lot shall depend
on the size of the lot as shown in Table 5. The bottles shall be selected at random.
7.1.2
Composite sample. From the number of bottles selected, an adequate quantity of
water shall be removed from each bottle so as to make a total volume of
approximately one litre for testing purposes.
TABLE 5 SCALE OF SAMPLING
Lot size
Bottles of one litre or less Bottles of more than one litre
Up to 4 800
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Number of bottles
to be selected
Up to 2 400
4 801 to 24 000
2 401 to 15 000
13
24 001 to 48 000
15 001 to 24 000
21
48 001 or above
24 001 to above
29
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TABLE 6 FREQUENCY OF ANALYSIS
Test
characteristics
Physical
characteristics
Chemical
characteristics
Undesirable
trace elements
and substances
Toxic
substances
Microorganisms
Contaminants
Oxygen
demand
Analysis of
each lot
Routine Quarterly
analysis analysis
Occasional
analysis
7.2
Frequency of Analysis. The frequency of analysis for each group characteristic
shall be according to Table 6.
7.3
Compliance with the Standard. The lot shall be deemed to comply with the
requirements of this standard if the selected sample from the lot conforms to the
requirements laid down in Clause 6 after testing at the frequency specified in 7.2.
The lot shall also comply with the packing and marking requirements of Clause 8.
8.
PACKING AND MARKING
8.1
Packing. The product shall be packed in accordance with 5.3 in various units and
up to twenty litre containers, and stored away from direct sunlight.
8.2
Marking
8.2.1
The following information shall be shown on the label of each container.
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a)
name of the product including its brand name;
b)
net contents by volume;
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c)
lot identification;
d)
best before date;
e)
name and address of the manufacturer;
f)
country of origin;
g)
instruction for storage;
h)
test results of average values as per asterisized characteristics in Table 1, 2
and 3; and
i)
test results of average values of Clause 6.9.
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