:

Instructor : Reza Godaz

Islamic Azad University of Mashhad
Database System Concepts, 5th Ed.
Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
See www.db-book.com for conditions on re-use

 :
) (Database systems




) (Object-based
) (semistructured
)(querying
)(Transaction Management

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

1.2

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

)Database Management System (DBMS

DBMS :
z

:
z

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1.3

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

file system

file system :
z

:


 .

 : account balance > 0
.

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1.4

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

 )(
file system )(:
z

) (Atomicity
 update :
 :



update
.

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


: .
: .
type customer = record
;customer_id : string
;customer_name : string
;customer_street : string
;customer_city : integer
;end
) :(view level data type
) (.

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

View of Data

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan


Instances and Schemas

:
z : .
z type
z : .
z : .

:Instance
z

:
.
z
z
.

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


:
(Data) z
(Data relationship) z
(Data semantics) z
(Data constraints) z
(Relational model)
( Entity-Relationship) -

(Object-based)
Semistructured data model (XML)

Network model z
Hierarchical model z

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan


)Data Manipulation Language (DML

.
z

DML .

DML :
z

) :(Procedural

) : (Declarative
.

SQL .

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


)Data Definition Language (DDL

.:
char(10),
)integer

( create table account

account-number
balance

DDL ) (Data dictionary

.

) (metadata:
z
z


z )(Integrity constraints


)(Domain constraints

)(Referential integrity

)(Assertions

z )(Authorization

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


Attributes

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

1.12

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

SQL
:SQL )(
z

id 192-83-7465 SQL
:
customer.customer_name
customer
customer.customer_id = 192-83-7465

select
from
where

:
z

SQL ODBC JDBC

Java .Net ... .
.

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


:
:
:
z

) (business

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

 Entity-Relationship
) (
.
z

) : (entity ) (think ) (object

 .

) :(relationship

E-R :

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


Object-Relational Data Models

.
) (attributes
)(nested relations

.
.

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

1.17

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

XML: Extensible Markup Language

WWW Consortium ) (W3C .

tag XML
.
XML .
XML
: XML

> < student

><name
><first>David</first
><last>Matuszek</last
></name
><age>20</age
></student

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

1.18

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


Storage Management
) : (Storage manager
DB .
:
z

: storage manager
z

Indexing and hashing

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


Query Processing
( parsing) .1
.2
.3

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

1.20

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

 )(
Query Processing

z

.
:
z

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


Transaction Management

=< atomicity consistency .

.
: .

.
.
:
.
.

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

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Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005



:
Centralized
Client-server
Parallel (multi-processor)
Distributed

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan


:
:
RAD .
DML .
: SQL .

.
:

...
: .
.

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

1.24

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005


DBA
. :
z

DDL

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

1.25

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

Overall System Structure

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

History of Database Systems

1950s and early 1960s:
z

Data processing using magnetic tapes for storage

 Tapes

provide only sequential access

Punched cards for input

Late 1960s and 1970s:

z

Hard disks allow direct access to data

Network and hierarchical data models in widespread use

Ted Codd defines the relational data model

 Would
 IBM
 UC

win the ACM Turing Award for this work

Research begins System R prototype

Berkeley begins Ingres prototype

High-performance (for the era) transaction processing

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

History (cont.)
1980s:
z

Research relational prototypes evolve into commercial systems

 SQL

becomes industrial standard

Parallel and distributed database systems

Object-oriented database systems

1990s:
z

Large decision support and data-mining applications

Large multi-terabyte data warehouses

Emergence of Web commerce

2000s:
z

XML and XQuery standards

Automated database administration

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

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Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

End of Chapter 1

DatabaseInstructor
System: Concepts,
Reza Godaz 5th Ed.
Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
See www.db-book.com for conditions on re-use

Figure 1.4

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

1.30

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan

Figure 1.7

Database System Concepts - 5th Edition, May 23, 2005

1.31

Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan