Quilting

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Quilter" and "Quilters" redirect here. For the musical, see Quilters (musical). For other uses, see Quilter
(disambiguation).

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Quilter in Bazaar of Nishapur

Women of Gee's Bend, Alabama quilting, 2005

Quilted skirt (silk, wool and cotton - 1770-1790), Jacoba de Jonge-collection MoMu, Antwerp /
Photo by Hugo Maertens, Bruges.
Quilting is the process of sewing two or more layers of fabric together to make a thicker padded
material, usually to create a quilt or quilted garment. Typically quilting is done with three layers: the top
fabric or quilt top, batting or insulating material and backing material, but many different styles are
adopted.
The process of quilting uses a needle and thread to join two or more layers of material to make a quilt.
The quilter's hand or sewing machine passes the needle and thread through all layers and then brings
the needle back up. The process is repeated across the entire area where quilting is wanted. Rocking,
straight or running stitches are commonly used with these stitches being purely functional or decorative.
Quilting is done to create bed spreads, art quilt wall hangings, clothing, and a variety of textile products.
Quilting can make a project thick, or with dense quilting, can raise one area so that another stands out.
The whole process of creating a quilt or quilted garment also involves other steps such as designing,
piecing, appliqu, and binding. A person who works at quilting is termed a quilter. Quilting can be done
by hand, by sewing machine, or by a specialized longarm quilting system.
Quilt stores often sell fabric, thread, patterns and other goods that are used for quilting. They often have
group sewing and quilting classes where one can learn how to sew or quilt.

Contents
[hide]

1History

1.1Early functional quilting

1.2American quilts

1.2.1African-American quilts

1.2.2Amish quilts

1.2.3Native American quilts

1.3Hawaiian quilting

1.4South Asian quilting

1.5Swedish quilting

1.6Art quilting

1.7Quilting in fashion and design

1.8Quilt blocks

2Types and equipment

3Processes and definitions

3.1Basics of quilt assembly

3.1.1Assembling the quilt top

3.1.1.1Selecting fabric

3.1.1.2Fabric preparation

3.1.1.3Cutting fabric

3.1.1.4Sewing the pattern

3.1.2Quilting the sandwich

3.1.2.1Layers of quilts

3.1.2.2Basting the layers

3.1.2.3Quilting

3.1.2.4Binding

3.2In China

3.3Definitions

4Specialty styles

5See also

6References

7Further reading

History[edit]
Early functional quilting[edit]
The word "quilt" comes from the Latin culcita meaning a stuffed sack but it came into the English
language from the French word cuilte.[1] The origins of quilting remain unknown but sewing techniques of
piecing, appliqu, and quilting have been used for clothing and furnishings in diverse parts of the world
for several millennia. The earliest known quilted garment is depicted on the carved ivory figure of
a Pharaoh of the Egyptian First Dynasty, about 3400 BC. In 1924 archaeologists discovered a quilted
floor covering in Mongolia. They estimated its date as between 100 BC to 200 AD. Chinese
patchwork continues as an folk art.
There are numerous references to quilts in literature and inventories of estates. Crusaders brought
quilted objects from the Middle East to Europe in the late 11th century. Quilted garments known
as gambesons were popular in the European Middle Ages. Knights wore them under their armor for
comfort and sometimes as an outer garment to protect the metal armor from the weather. The earliest
known surviving European bed quilt is from late fourteenth century Sicily. It is made of linen and padded
with wool. The blocks across the center are scenes from the legend of Tristan. The quilt is 122" by 106"
and is in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.[1]
Quilting has been part of the needlework tradition in Europe from about the 5th century. Early objects
contain Egyptian cotton, which may indicate that Egyptian and Mediterranean trade provided a conduit
for the technique. Quilted objects were relatively rare in Europe until approximately the twelfth century,
when quilted bedding and other items appeared after the return of the Crusaders from the Middle East.
The medieval quilted gambeson, aketon and arming doublet[2] were garments worn under or instead of
armor of maille or plate armor. These developed into the later quilted doublet worn as part of fashionable
European male clothing from the fourteenth to seventeenth century. Quilting clothing began to be
generally used in the fourteenth century, with quilted doublets and armor worn in France, Germany,
and England and quilted tunics in Italy.

American quilts[edit]

This early American wholecloth quilt was made in the Colonial period, c. 1760-1800. The blue
resist fabric includes bold, fanciful botanical motifs. Collection of Bill Volckening.
In American Colonial times, quilts were predominantly wholecloth quiltsa single piece of fabric layered
with batting and backing held together with fine needlework quilting. Broderie perse quilts were popular
during this time and the majority of pierced or appliqued quilts made during the 1170-1800 period, were
medallion-style quilts (quilts with a central ornamental panel and one or more borders.)
[3]
). Patchwork quilting in America dates to the 1770s, the decade the United States gained its
independence from England. These late-eighteenth- and nineteenth-century patchwork quilts often
mixed wool, silk, linen, and cotton in the same piece, as well as mixing large-scale (often chintz) and
small-scale (often calico) patterns.[4] Some antique quilts made in North America have worn-out blankets
or older quilts as the internal batting layer, quilted between new layers of fabric and thereby extending
the usefulness of old material.

Star of Bethlehem Quilt, 1940 from the Brooklyn Museum

During American pioneer days, paper quilting became popular. Paper was used as a pattern and each
individual piece of cut fabric was basted around the paper pattern. Paper was a scarce commodity in the
early American west so women would save letters from home, newspaper clippings, and catalogs to use
as patterns. The paper not only served as a pattern but as an insulator. The paper found between the
old quilts has become a primary source of information about pioneer life.
Quilts made without any insulation or batting were referred to as summer quilts. They were not made for
warmth, only to keep the chill off during cooler summer evenings.

African-American quilts[edit]
There is a long tradition of African-American quilting beginning with quilts made by slaves, both for
themselves and for their owners. The style of these quilts was determined largely by time period and
region, rather than race, and the documented slave-made quilts generally resemble those made by white
women in their region.[5] After 1865 and the end of slavery in the United States, African-Americans began
to develop their own distinctive style of quilting. Harriet Powers, a slave-born African American woman,
made two famous story quilts.[6] She was just one of the many African-American quilters who contributed
to the evolution of quilting. The first nationwide recognition of African-American quiltmaking came when
the Gee's Bend quilting community was celebrated in an exhibition that opened in 2002 and travelled to
many museums, including the Smithsonian.[7] Gee's Bend is a small, isolated community of AfricanAmericans in southern Alabama with a quiltmaking tradition that goes back several generations[8] and is
characterized by pattern improvisation, multiple patterning, bright and contrasting colors, visual motion,
and a lack of rules.[9] The contributions made by Harriet Powers and others quilters of Gee's Bend,
Alabama have been recognized by the US Postal Service with a series of stamps.
[10]
The communalnature of the quilting process (and how it can bring together women of varied races
and backgrounds) was honored in the series of stamps.
Beginning with the children's story Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt (1989) a legend has grown that
slaves used quilts as a means to share and transmit secret messages to escape slavery and travel
the Underground Railroad. Consensus among historians is that there is no sound basis for this belief,
and no documented mention among the thousands of slave narratives or other contemporary records.[11]
[12][13]

Amish quilts[edit]
Another American group to develop a distinct style of quilting were the Amish. Typically, these quilts use
only solid fabrics, are pieced from geometric shapes, do not contain appliqu, and construction is simple
(corners are butted, rather than mitered, for instance) and done entirely by hand. Amish quilters also
tend to use simple patterns: Lancaster County Amish are known for their Diamond-in-a-Square and Bars
patterns, while other communities use patterns such as Brick, Streak of Lightning, Chinese Coins, and
Log Cabins, and midwestern communities are known for their repeating block patterns. Borders and
color choice also vary by community. For example, Lancaster quilts feature wide borders with lavish
quilting, while Midwestern quilts feature narrower borders to balance the fancier piecing.[14]

Native American quilts[edit]

Native American Baby in cradle board with baby star quilt

Some Native Americans are thought to have learned quilting through observation of white settlers;
others learned it from missionaries who taught quilting to Native American women along with other
homemaking skills. Native American women quickly developed their own unique style, the Lone Star
design (also called the Star of Bethlehem), a variation on Morning Star designs that had been featured
on Native American clothing and other items for centuries. These quilts often featured floral appliqu
framing the star design. Pictorial quilts, created with appliqu, were also common.[6]
Another distinctive style of Native American quilting is Seminole piecing, created by Seminoles living in
the Florida Everglades. The style evolved out a need for cloth (the closest town was often a week's
journey away). Women would make strips of sewing the remnants of fabric rolls together, then sew these
into larger pieces to make clothing. Eventually the style began to be used not just for clothing but for
quilts as well. In 1900, with the introduction of sewing machines and readily available fabric in Seminole
communities, the patterns became much more elaborate and the style continues to be in use today, both
by Seminole women and by others who have copied and adapted their designs and techniques.[8]

Hawaiian quilting[edit]
"Hawaiian quilting was well established by the beginning of the twentieth century. Hawaiian women
learned to quilt from the wives of missionaries from New England in the 1820s. Though they learned
both pieced work and applique, by the 1870s they had adapted applique techniques to create a uniquely
Hawaiian mode of expression. The classic Hawaiian quilt design is a large, bold, curvilinear appliqu
pattern that covers much of the surface of the quilt, with the symmetrical design cut from only one piece
of fabric."[15]

South Asian quilting[edit]

There are two primary forms of quilting that originate in South Asia: Nakshi Kantha and Ralli. Nakshi
Kantha quilts originated in India and are typically made of scraps and worn-out fabric stitched together
with old sari threads using kantha embroidery stitches. "The layers of cloth were spread on the ground,
held in placed with weights at the edges, and sew together with rows of large basting stitches. The cloth

was then folded and worked on whenever there was time."[8] The first recorded kantha are more than 500
years old.
Ralli quilts are traditionally made in Pakistan, western India, and the surrounding area. They are made
by every sector of society including Hindu and Muslim women, women of different castes, and women
from different towns or villages or tribes with the colors and designs varying among these groups. The
name comes from ralanna, a word meaning to mix or connect. Quilts tops were designed and pieced by
one woman using scraps of hand-dyed cotton. This cotton often comes from old dresses or shawls.
Once pieced, the quilt top is placed on a reed mat with the other layers and sewn together using thick,
colored thread in straight parallel lines by member's of the designer's family and community.[8]

Swedish quilting[edit]
Quilting originated in Sweden in the fifteenth century with heavily stitched and appliqud quilts made for
the very wealthy. These quilts, created from silk, wool, and felt, were intended to be both decorative and
functional and were found in churches and in the homes of nobility. Imported cotton first appeared in
Sweden in 1870, and began to appear in Swedish quilts soon after along with scraps of wool, silk, and
linen. As the availability of cotton increased and its price went down, quilting became widespread among
all classes of Swedish society. Wealthier quilters used wool batting while others used linen scraps, rags,
or paper mixed with animal hair. In general, these quilts were simple and narrow, made by both men and
women. The biggest influence on Swedish quilting in this time period is thought to have come from
America as Swedish immigrants to the United States returned to their home country when conditions
there improved.[8]

Art quilting[edit]

An art quilt "Carved in Stone"

During the late 20th century, art quilts became popular for their aesthetic and artistic qualities rather than
for functionality as they are displayed on a wall or table rather than being used on a bed.. "It is believed
that decorative quilting came to Europe and Asia during the Crusades (A.D. 1100-1300), a likely idea
because textile arts were more developed in China and India than in the West."[16]

Quilting in fashion and design[edit]

A modern use of quilting: a stool upholstered with quilted and embroidered fabric from India.
Unusual quilting designs have increasingly become popular as decorative textiles. As industrial sewing
technology has become more precise and flexible, quilting using exotic fabrics and embroidery began to
appear in home furnishings in the early 21st century.

Quilt blocks[edit]
The quilt block is traditionally a patterned square of fabric that is repeated with plain blocks to form the
overall design of a quilt. There are a variety of different designs for quilt blocks including the Nine-Patch,
Shoo Fly, Churn Dash, and the Prairie Queen.
A Nine Patch is made by sewing five patterned or dark pieces (patches) to four light square pieces in
alternating order. These nine sewn squares make one block.[17]
The Shoo Fly varies from the Nine Patch by dividing each of the four corner pieces into a light and dark
triangle.[18]
Another variation develops when one square piece is divided into two equal rectangles in the basic Nine
Patch design. The Churn Dash block combines the triangles and rectangle to expand the Nine Patch.[19]
The Prairie Queen block combines two large scale triangles in the corner section with the middle section
using four squares. The center piece is one full size square. Each of the nine sections does have the
same overall measurement and fits together.[1]

Types and equipment[edit]

Many types of quilting exist today. The two most widely used are hand-quilting and machine quilting.
Hand quilting is the process of using a needle and thread to sew a running stitch by hand across the
entire area to be quilted. This binds the layers together. A quilting frame or hoop is often used to assist in
holding the piece being quilted off the quilter's lap. A quilter can make one stitch at a time by first driving
the needle through the fabric from the right side, then pushing it back up through the material from the
wrong side to complete the stitch; this is called a stab stitch.[20] Another option is called a rocking stitch,
where the quilter has one hand, usually with a finger wearing a thimble, on top of the quilt, while the
other hand is located beneath the piece to push the needle back up.[21] A third option is called "loading
the needle" and involves doing four or more stitches before pulling the needle through the cloth. Hand
quilting is still practiced by the Amish and Mennonites within the United States and Canada, and is
enjoying a resurgence worldwide.
Machine quilting is the process of using a home sewing machine or a longarm machine to sew the
layers together. With the home sewing machine, the layers are tacked together before quilting. This
involves laying the top, batting, and backing out on a flat surface and either pinning (using large safety
pins) or tacking the layers together.[22] Longarm quilting involves placing the layers to be quilted on a
special frame. The frame has bars on which the layers are rolled, keeping these together without the

need for tacking or pinning. These frames are used with a professional sewing machine mounted on a
platform. The platform rides along tracks so that the machine can be moved across the layers on the
frame. A longarm machine is moved across the fabric. In contrast, the fabric is moved through a home
sewing machine.
Tying is another technique of fastening the three layers together (and is not a form of quilting at all). This
is done primarily on quilts that are made to be used and are needed quickly. The process of tying the
quilt is done with yarns or multiple strands of thread. Square knots are used to finish off the ties so that
the quilt may be washed and used without fear of the knots coming undone.[23] This technique is
commonly called "tacking." In the Midwest, tacked bed covers are referred to as comforters.
Quilting is now taught in some American schools. It is also taught at senior centers around the U.S., but
quilters of all ages attend classes. These forms of workshop or classes are also available in other
countries in guilds and community colleges.
Contemporary quilters use a wide range of quilting designs and styles, from ancient and ethnic to postmodern futuristic patterns. There is no one single school or style that dominates the quilt-making world.
Regardless of skill level, all quilters know the importance of having the right tools when quilting. Having
the right tools increases the fluid process of making a quilt and can even be improved over time with
practice. Having the right tools will maximize efficiency and make the quilting experience one to
remember. Below is a list of the different tools and tips that can be used to make a quilt by hand or
machine:[24][25]

Sewing machine

A good quality sewing machine is a helpful addition to the process of piecing together a quilt top. Some
also use a home sewing machine for quilting together the layers of the quilt, as well as binding the final
product. It is important to understand how your particular model functions in order to select the correct
settings, thread the needle and bobbin, and operate the machine. Here is a handy guide on using a
machine.

Fabric Markers or Ruler

When making a quilt it is important to mark the fabric that you are cutting in order to have some kind of
guidance when cutting the fabric, or you could use a quilting ruler and rotary cutter. When marking the
fabric it is advised that you use a fabric marker, which is a marker that washes out when the quilt is
washed or will fade away after repeated washes.[24]

Longarm Quilting Machines

The longarm quilting machine makes it easier to make larger quilts because of the extended arm that is
used. Being able to leverage the larger machine and not having to hold the material that is being used
while quilting helps the process move along much faster and makes it easier on the quilter.[24] Some quilt
shops offer longarm services, where one can pay for their project to be quilted and in some cases,
bound as well.

Machine Quilting Needles

When quilting one of the most important tools that is used is the needle. Whether you are quilting by
hand or by machine, the needle that is being used is critical to the final result. Using the wrong needle
can lead to puckering, bumps, or even the material being torn. There are many different styles of
needles and looking at Sewing Needles will be a good guide.[24]

Pins and Thimbles

Understanding how pins and thimbles work is also very important in the process of making quilts. Many
different combinations of pinning can be used in order get similar results and the exciting part is figuring

out existing combinations as well as coming up with new ones. Thimbles are not required but are good
for keeping fingers safe.[24]

Threads

Choosing the right types of threads for a quilt can be difficult and beginners may need some assistance
from an expert or more advanced quilter. The color, composition, and type of thread that is used will
have a pivotal role in the outcome of the final quilt.[24]

Rotary Cutters and Boards

What a quilter uses to cut the fabric is a vital step in the quilting process. It is very important each piece
is perfectly aligned in order to prevent an uneven or sloppy appearance and to prevent rework. Rotary
cutters revolutionized quiltmaking when they appeared in late 1970s. A rotary cutter offers even the
shakiest of hands the ability to produce perfect, even slices and minimizes the chance of error.[26]

Quilting Templates/Patterns

Quilts can have many different templates or patterns and they can have a large impact on the final result.
There are a number of mediums that can be used and depending on the usage, size, and style they will
give your quilt a varied look. Templates are generally considered the basis of the structure of the quilt,
like a blueprint for a house. If used properly it can help quilters produce a quilt of their liking and give
them a sense of satisfaction and vision for future quilts they want to make.[25]

Processes and definitions[edit]

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Basics of quilt assembly[edit]

This section describes basic information about the assembly of quilts using machine quilting techniques.
Many cultures and groups in different parts of the world have their own unique approaches, methods
and styles of quilting which are not addressed below.

Assembling the quilt top[edit]

Selecting fabric[edit]
The top-most layer of a quilt is usually made from cotton quilting fabric. Selecting the fabric can be a
challenging exercise, and the number of different fabrics required depends on the quilting pattern
selected. Many quilters will also make use of fabrics from home, incorporating fabrics with a particular
sentimental importance.

Fabric preparation[edit]
Newly bought fabric is often washed before being cut or sewn. If not pre-washed, there is a risk of the
fabric dyes bleeding during later washing. Many fabric manufacturers take this into account and have
taken steps to prevent color-bleeding. Washing, and subsequently drying, the fabric will also shrink
some fabrics, so it is best to do this before cutting the fabric into the shapes and sizes needed. The
fabric must be ironed flat before cutting to prevent creases or wrinkles from altering measurements.[27]

All the tools you'll need for cutting fabric: rotary cutters, rotary mat and quilting ruler

Cutting fabric[edit]
With large-scale projects like quilts, it is often advantageous to have a rotary cutter and mat. A rotary
cutter is a cutting tool with a round blade, making it easy to cut a smooth, continuous line. Rotary cutters
come with different sized blades: a larger blade is useful for large projects with straight lines, while a
smaller blade is helpful for small areas or curved lines. A rotary mat protects tables and surfaces from
the blade, while also protecting the cutting edge from damage. A quilting ruler can also be used, to help
ensure that all pieces are cut to consistent sizes. Quilting rulers are made of clear plastic and have
marked grid-lines across the surface of the ruler. This type of ruler makes it possible to cut a piece of
fabric in the correct width or length without having to use a measuring tape and fabric chalk.
Measurements have to include a seam allowance.[28]

Sewing the pattern[edit]

Once the fabrics have been cut, the pieces are sewn together in the chosen pattern. This can be done
by hand or by machine. Accurate seam allowances are especially important when it comes to quilting.
With dozens, sometimes hundreds, of different seams, if each seam is off by even 0.5 cm it becomes
difficult to make all of the components fit together evenly.[29]

Quilting the sandwich[edit]

Layers of quilts[edit]
There are generally three layers in a quilt: the quilt top, the middle layer of batting, and the fabric
backing. The quilt top is the design layer. The cotton or polyester batting in the middle layer is what
determines the warmth of the quilt. Batting comes in different thicknesses depending on the purpose of
the final quilt, and multiple layers of batting can be combined to increase the warmth of the final product.
[30]
The bottom layer is often a simple layer of solid fabric, in a neutral or complimentary color and design
scheme, though some quilters use the extra or spare fabric from the quilt top to make a secondary
design for the backing.

Basting the layers[edit]

Before actually quilting fabrics, some quilters baste the quilt. Basting is the practice of making long,
loose stitches in a grid format across the surface of the quilt to hold the layers of the quilt together and to
prevent them from shifting during the quilting process. Basting can also be done using large
curved safety pins rather than machine or hand basting.[31]

Quilting[edit]
The layers of the quilt are then stitched together, either by hand or through the use of a sewing machine
or longarm. One method of quilting involves the use of an outline or stencil applied to the surface of the
quilt using fabric chalk, washable marker or iron-on pattern. The quilter will then sew along the applied

pattern, washing or wiping the stencil off after the quilt is complete. Some quilters choose not to make
use of a pattern. Free-motion quilting is the process of quilting without the use of a stencil or other guide,
requiring a steady hand and a great deal of practice. Quilting is usually completed by starting from the
middle, and moving outward toward the edges of the quilt. Quilting can be elaborately decorative,
comprising stitching fashioned into complex designs and patterns, simple or complex geometric grids,
"motifs" traced from published quilting patterns or traced pictures, freehand, or complex repeated
designs called tessellations. The quilter may choose to emphasize these designs by using threads that
are multicolored or metallic, or that contrast highly to the fabric. Conversely, the quilter may choose to
make the quilting disappear, using "invisible" nylon or polyester thread, thread that matches the quilt top,
or stitching within the patchwork seams themselves (commonly known as "stitch in the ditch").

One way to bind a quilt is with bias tape, folded around the edge of the quilt and sewn in place.
Both the top and bottom edges of the binding can be sewn together at the same time, depending
on preference.

Binding[edit]
Once the layers have been quilted, the edges must be finished and bound. There are many different
ways to bind a quilt. One of the simplest involves sewing one side of a strip of fabric to the front side of
the quilt, through all of the layers of fabric, then folding the strip over to the back side of the fabric and
hand stitching the binding closed.[32]
If the quilt will be hung on the wall, there is an additional step: making and attaching the hanging sleeve.

In China[edit]

A lattice of thread is being created atop a layer of batting.

Throughout China, a simple method of producing quilts is employed. It involves setting up a temporary
roadside site. A frame is assembled within which a lattice work of cotton thread is made. Cotton batting,
either new or retrieved from discarded quilts, is prepared in a mobile carding machine. The mechanism
of the carding machine is powered by a small, petrol motor. The batting is then added, layer by layer, to
the area within the frame. Between each layer, a new lattice of thread is created with a wooden disk
used to tamp down the layer.[2]

Definitions[edit]

Piecing: Sewing small pieces of cloth into patterns, called blocks, that are then sewn together
to make a finished quilt top. These blocks may be sewn together, edge to edge, or separated by
strips of cloth called sashing. Note: Whole cloth quilts typically are not pieced, but are made using a
single piece of cloth for the quilt top.

Pieced quilt: Pieced quilts are also known as patchworks. They consist of geometric
shapes taken from different fabrics and are sewn together. After that process, it is referred to
as a quilt top. The quilting patterns generally follow the design of the geometric patterns. The
quilt ends up being a mixture of different fabrics and geometric designs and shapes that are
organized in some fashion.[33]

Borders: Typically strips of fabric of various widths added to the perimeter of the pieced blocks
to complete the quilt top. Note: borders may also be made up of simple or patterned blocks that are
stitched together into a row, before being added to the quilt top.
Layering: Placing the quilt top over the batting and the backing.
Quilting: Stitching through all three layers of the quilt (the quilt top, the batting, and the quilt
back), typically in decorative patterns, which serves three purposes:
1. To secure the layers to each other,
2. To add to the beauty and design of the finished quilt, and
3. To trap air within the quilted sections, making the quilt as a whole much warmer than its parts.

Binding: Long fabric strips cut on the bias that are attached to the borders of the quilt. Binding
is typically machine sewn to the front side of the edge of the quilt, folded over twice, and hand sewn
to the back side of the quilt.

Quilting is often combined with embroidery, patchwork, applique, and other forms of needlework.

Specialty styles[edit]

Foundation piecing also known as paper-piecing sewing pieces of fabric onto a temporary
or permanent foundation

Shadow or echo quilting Hawaiian quilting, where quilting is done around an appliqud piece
on the quilt top, then the quilting is echoed again and again around the previous quilting line.

Ralli quilting Pakistani and Indian quilting, often associated with the Sindh (Pakistan) and
Gujarat (India) regions.

Sashiko stitching Basic running stitch worked in heavy, white cotton thread usually on dark
indigo colored fabric. It was originally used by the working classes to stitch layers together for
warmth.[34]
Trapunto quilting stuffed quilting, often associated with Italy.

Machine trapunto quilting a process of using water-soluble thread and an extra layer of
batting to achieve trapunto design and then sandwiching the quilt and re-sewing the design with
regular cotton thread.

Shadow trapunto This involves quilting a design in fine lawn and filling some of the spaces in
the pattern with small lengths of colored wool.
Tivaevae or tifaifai A distinct art from the Cook Islands.

Watercolor quilting A sophisticated form of scrap quilting whereby uniform sizes of various
prints are arranged and sewn to create a picture or design. See also Colorwash.

Thread art A custom style of sewing where thread is layered to create the picture on the quilt.
See this picture for an example (http://www.agww.net/html/agww_merchandise_2.html).[permanent dead link]
Chinese patchwork

See also[edit]
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoQuilting.

Broderie perse

Machine quilting

Quilt art

Quilt trail

List of quilters

References[edit]
1.

2.

^ Jump up to:a b c Johnson, Julie. "History of Quilting". Center for Great Plain
Studies. Emporia State University. Retrieved 31 January2014.
Jump up^ [1] Archived December 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

3.

Jump up^ Hargrave, Harriet and Carrie (2015). Quilter's Academy Vol. 5
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Further reading[edit]

Colby, Averil. Quilting. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971.