Jean-Jacques Rousseau (/ruso/;[1] French: [ ak
uso]; 28 June 1712 2 July 1778) was
a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and
composer of the 18th century. His political
philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and
across Europe, as well as aspects of the French
Revolution and the overall development of modern
political and educational thought.
Rousseau's novel Emile, or On Education is a treatise on
the education of the whole person for citizenship.
His sentimental novel Julie, or the New Heloise was of
importance to the development of preromanticism[2] and romanticism in fiction.[3] Rousseau's
autobiographical writingshis Confessions, which initiated
the modern autobiography, and his Reveries of a Solitary
Walkerexemplified the late 18th-century movement
known as the Age of Sensibility, and featured an
increased focus on subjectivity and introspection that later
characterized modern writing. His Discourse on
Inequality and The Social Contract are cornerstones in
modern political and social thought.
During the period of the French Revolution, Rousseau
was the most popular of the philosophes among members
of the Jacobin Club. Rousseau was interred as a national
hero in the Panthon in Paris, in 1794, 16 years after his
death.