NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN

INDIA
INTRODUCTION
The preamble of the constitution of India states:
we, the people of India, having solemnly resolved
India into a sovereign, socialist, secular,
democratic, republic and to secure to all its
citizens: justice-social, economic and political;
liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and
worship; equality of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all fraternity
assuring the dignity of the individual and the unit
and integrity of the nation. In our constituent
assembly this twenty-six day of November, 1949,
do here by adopt, enact and give to ourselves
this constitution. With the inclusion of the word
integrity in the preamble of the constitution by
42nd Amendment act, 1976, Indian nation
stressed upon the dire need of the integration of
the masses. In addition to this certain
fundamental duties had been incorporated in
part IVA Articles- 51A. It shall be the duty of
every citizen of India-to abide by the constitution
and respect its ideal and institutions, the National
flag and the anthem
Meaning of integration
The dictionary meaning of integrity is the state
of being whole and undivided upholding
territorial integrity and national sovereignty.
Origin of this word from French integrate or Latin
integrates, meaning integral, and integrate.
Indian nation is composed of the people by many
religion and culture beliefs but are unified by
certain emotion forces. This is the process of
national integration. The main objective of
national integration is to encounter all fissiparous
forces /tendencies, which is posing threat to the
Indian nation. National integration is a complex
concept. It has social, political, religious, and
economic dimensions. The basis factors of
national integration; ideological unit and
awareness about national objectives should be
created among the people who hold divergent
views on political and religious and similar other
fields. India observe 19th toward national
integration

19th November, the birthday of former prime

minister, Indira Gandhi, and national integration
day. Its main aim is to promote among the
peoples unit, peace, affection and brotherhood.
Toward national integration
National integration is the creation of a feeling of
oneness where the diversities are recognised and
respected by creation degree of consistency in
the respected by imbibing a sense of nationhood.
There is a creation degree of consistency in the
various attempts to conceptualize the notion of
national integration. In the words of pt.
Jawaharlal Nehru the Indian states is based on
the principle of unit in diversity. The America
born, sister Nivedita (1867-1911) the ardent
disciple of swami Vivekananda had aptly said,
each Indian for ten minutes in the evening
should think that we Indians are one and we will
not renounce the spirit of unit. E-zine (1965)
believes that a community is integrate when it
has: national integration refers to territorial which
overshadows or eliminates subordinate parochial
loyalties. Together, these definitions suggest that
for nation integration to occur in a nation, a
significant number of citizens must develop
identification with the nation that supersede
identification with ethnic, cultural or religious
group, acquire political awareness, share
common norms and value and develop attitudes
favourable to the display of integrative behaviour
among people of different groups. The renowned
African political scientist Mazrui (1972) identifies
five interrelated aspects of national integration:
Challenges in the way of integration
Variation in language: there are several
obstacles in the way of national integration of our
country. The most formidable obstacles are
language variation, communalism and
regionalism. India is a multi-lingual country. We
have seen that the Indian constitution recognizes
22 languages. Hindi is the official language and
English is the link language. About 2000
languages are being spoken by various section of
the Indian society. When Indian became free the
decision to make Hindi the national language was
opposed by people of many other languages.
Communalism: communalism is not believing in
any particular or observing its rites. Excessive
affinity to ones own religion transfer into hatred
towards other religious. Thus religious fanaticism
arises .when religious, caste and race are used to
make social and political gains, it is called
communalism.
The politics of caste: casteism is a divisive force.
One section considers another section as inferior.
They are exploited. Positions and opportunities
are another section as inferior. They are
exploited. Position and other caste. Caste
monopolized by a particular section. It creates
enmity among the other caste. Caste
organization undeservedly these factors prevent
national integration
Regionalism: the politics of deprivation,
regionalism gives more to ones own region than
to ones nation. When regionalism is linked with
language and religious it creates regional
interests. This creates parochialism among the
people. Another fissiparous tendency is
regionalism. Aggressive regionalism of her
inhabitants. Regionalism creates parochial
outlook and narrow mindedness.
Role of the government of India in
promoting for national integration:
The report of the secondary education
commission 1952-1953 emphasizes the role of
the educational system and observe that the
education system must make its contribution to
the development of habits, attitudes and quality
of charter, which will enable its citizens to bear
worthily the responsibilities of democratic
citizenship and to face all those fissiparous
tendencies which hinder the emergency of a
board, national outlook. The report of the
secondary education commission (1964-66) in
evolving the educational system, identified the
social and national integration as one of the
major problems of national development and
called for different means through which these
theme can be taught in schools and college. The
national policy on education 1986 pointed out the
need for establishing the national system of
education and institution to promote national
integration and different components of the
constitution. In 1999, a committee was set up
under the chairmanship of Justice J.S Varma to
implement the suggestions to teach fundamental
duties to the citizens of the country.
Conclusion
There cannot be national integration without
understanding the character the character of
nation and there cannot be communal harmony
unless we intrinsically believe in the validity of
different beliefs and approaches. When these
factors are taken in to consideration, it can be
seen that national integration is a complex
problem and political integration is only one part
of it. It is beyond doubt that the threats of
disintegration are staring us in the face. If we
keep on remaining disunited in the name of
religion, community or language, the country will
be in trouble. If we do not sink petty differences
our freedom is in peril. Divisions on the basis of
language or community will have serious
repercussion. In short, there is urgent need to
rethink about our basis political and cultural
concepts, reinterpret them, and be bold to
emphasize them through educational system,
political behaviour and social environment. At the
same time socio-economic and cultural
differences are to be avoided also caste
discriminations should be eradicated. We must
realize that we have the strong bond of same
cultural heritage and must not let ourselves fall
apart and disintegrate. We must show to the
world that a country with as old a tradition as
ours can holds back personal difference for the
sake of higher interest of the country. Toleration,
co-operation and feeling of brotherhood should
guide us in maintaining the national unit of our
country. Let us echo what pundit Nehru said,
There is no division between north and south,
east and west of India. There is only one India of
which all of us are inheritors, it belongs to all of
us

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