DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Introduction
             What is Signal ?
 A SIGNAL is a measurement of a physical
  quantity of certain medium.
 Examples of signals:
   Audio patterns (voice, speech, music)
   Visual patterns (written documents, picture, video,
    gesture, facial expression)
   Change patterns of other physical quantities:
    temperature, EM wave, share market prices, spring
    displacement, etc.
 Signal contains INFORMATION!
            What is Signal ?
 Medium:
   Physical materials that carry the signal.
   Examples: paper (visual patterns,
    handwriting, etc.), Air (sound pressure, music,
    voice), various video displays (CRT, LCD)
 Modality:
   Different modes of signals over the same or
    different media.
   Examples: voice, facial expression and
    gesture.
   What is Signal Processing?
 Ways to manipulate signal in its
  original medium or an abstract
  representation.
 Signal can be abstracted as functions
  of time or spatial coordinates.
   What is Signal Processing?
 Types of processing:
     Transformation
     Filtering
     Detection
     Estimation
     Recognition and classification
     Coding (compression)
     Synthesis and reproduction
     Recording, archiving
     Analyzing, modeling
    Digital Signal Processing
                 Digital
                 DigitalSignal
                         Signal   D/A
         A/D      Processing
                   Processing
 The task of DSP is to process sampled
  signals (from A/D analog to digital
  converter), and provide its output to the
  D/A (digital to analog converter) to be
  transformed back to physical signals
Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
Block Diagram
Analog Signal                                           Analog Signal
                ADC              DSP       DAC
                Digital Signal         Digital Signal
Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
Example : Electro Cardio Graph (ECG)
    Analog Signal                                     Analog Signal
                    Digital Signal   Digital Signal
  Early Signal Processing Systems
 Implemented with either main frame computer or special
  purpose computers.
 Batch processing rather than real time, streamed data
  processing.
 Accelerate processing speed is of main concern.
 Key approach:
    Faster hardware
    Faster algorithms
 Faster algorithms
    Reduce the number of arithmetic operations
    Reduce the number of bits to represent each data
    Most important example: Fast Fourier Transform
DSP Development
1960s : Mainframe
DSP Development
The end of 1970s  1980s : Intel 2920 DSP
DSP Development
1980s : DSP Board with an ADSP 2181 chip
DSP Development
Video DSP Chip
DSP Development
Video DSP Card
DSP Development
ASIC Chip
DSP Development
Audio DSP Card
The Applications of DSP
    Applications of DSP in Engineering
                & Science
   TELECOMMUNICATION
   MEDICAL
   BIOTECHNOLOGY
   MILITERY
   INDUSTRIAL
   SCIENTIFIC
   SPACE
   COMMERCIAL
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
    Image/Video Compression
    Video Conferencing
    Speech/Audio Compression
    Data Compression
    Signal Multiplexing
    Echo Cancellation/Reduction
    Mobile Communication
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
Video Conferencing
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
Video Telephony
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
Wireless Communication
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                                                        PSTN   2
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
Video Conferencing in Wireless Communication
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
Echo Canceller
DSP Applications in Telecommunication
Signal Multiplexer
DSP Applications in Medical
  Diagnostic Imaging
  - Computer Tomography
  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  - Ultrasound
  Medical Image Storage and Retrieval
  Electrocardiogram Analysis
DSP Applications in Medical
Diagnostic Imaging
DSP Applications in Medical
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
DSP Applications in Medical
Electrocardiogram Analysis
DSP Applications in Biotechnology
  Genomic Signal Processing
  Biometric Signal Processing
DSP Applications in Biotechnology
Genomic Signal Processing
DSP Applications in Biotechnology
Biometrics Signal Processing
    Psychological Characteristic   Behavioural Characteristic
DSP Applications in Biotechnology
Biometrics with Iris Recognition
DSP Applications in Military
    Secure Communication
    Radar and Sonar
    Ordnance Guidance
    Intelligent Sensory Analysis by Remote
     Space Probes
DSP Applications in Military
Secure Communication
DSP Applications in Military
Ordnance Guidance
DSP Applications in Military
Submarine
DSP Applications in Military
Radar
DSP Applications in Military
Sonar
DSP Applications in Industry
 Process Monitoring & Control
 CAD and Design Tools
 Nondestructive Testing
 Oil and Mineral Prospecting
DSP Applications in Industry
Non Destructive Testing
Sequence of high speed video images of a water balloon falling on pavement
DSP Applications in Industry
CAD and Design Tools
        Software               Block Diagram
           Chip                   Layout Design
DSP Applications in Science
  Earthquake Recording & Analysis
  Spectral Analysis and Data
   Acquisition
  Simulation Modeling
  Space Photograph Enhancement
DSP Applications in Science
Earthquake Analysis
DSP Applications in Science
Earthquake Lab Equipment
DSP Applications in Science
Spectral Analysis for DWDM
DSP Applications in Science
Simulation and Modeling
             Models of Metal Recovery
DSP Applications in Science
Equipment Layout
DSP Applications in Space
Space Photo Enhancement
       Original Image       Enhancement
DSP Applications in Space
Intelligent Sensory Space
  DSP Applications in Commercial
 Movie Special Effects
 Multimedia Presentation
 Hifi Music Reproduction
DSP Applications in Commercial
Movie Special Effect
DSP Applications in Commercial
Hi-Fi Music Reproduction
DSP Applications in Commercial
Hi-Fi Music Reproduction
Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
  Key points of operation in DSP
  - Correlation/Convolution
  - Transformation
  - Filtering
  - Modulation
           References
 Ifeachor and Jervis, Digital Signal
  Processing : A Practical Approach,
  Prentice Hall, 2002.
 Dadang Gunawan, Lecture Note DSP,
  EE Department University of Indonesia,
  2005.