INDUSTRY PROFILE

HISTORY OF STOCK EXCHANGE:

The only stock exchanges operating in the 19th century were those of Bombay set

up in 1875 and Ahmedabad set up in 1894. These were Efficient Market

Hypothesis organized as voluntary non-profit-making association of brokers to

regulate and protect their interests. Before the control on securities trading

became a central subject under the constitution in 1950, it was a state subject

and the Bombay Securities Contracts (control) Act of 1925 used to regulate

trading in securities. Under this Act, the Bombay Stock Exchange was recognized

in 1927 and Ahmedabad in 1937.

During the war boom, a number of stock exchanges were organized even in

Bombay, Ahmedabad and other centers, but they were not recognized. Soon after

it became a central subject, central legislation was proposed and a committee

headed by A.D.Gorwala went into the bill for securities regulation. On the basis of
the committee's recommendations and public discussion, the securities contracts

(regulation) Act became law in 1956.

DEFINITION OF STOCK EXCHANGE:

"Stock exchange means anybody or individuals whether incorporated or not,

constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of

buying, selling or dealing in securities."

It is an association of member brokers for the purpose of self-regulation and

protecting the interests of its members.

It can operate only, if it is recognized by the Government under the Securities

Contracts (regulation) Act, 1956. The recognition is granted under section 3 of

the Act by the central government, Ministry of Finance.

NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF STOCK EXCHANGE

There is an extraordinary amount of ignorance and of prejudice born out of

ignorance with regard to nature and functions of Stock Exchange. As economic

development proceeds, the scope for acquisition and ownership of capital by

private individuals also grow. Along with it, the opportunity for Stock Exchange

to render the service of stimulating private savings and challenging such savings
into productive investment exists on a vastly great scale. These are services,

which the Stock Exchange alone can render efficiently.

The Stock Exchanges in India have an important role to play in the building of a

real shareholders democracy. To protect the interest of the investing public, the

authorities of the Stock Exchanges have been increasingly subjecting not only its

members to a high degree of discipline, but also those who use its facilities-Joint

Stock Companies and other bodies in whose stocks and shares it deals.

The activities of the Stock Exchange are governed by a recognized code of conduct

apart from statutory regulations. Investors both actual and potential are

provided, through the daily Stock Exchange quotations. The job of the Stock

Exchange and its members is to satisfy the need of market for investments to

bring the buyers and sellers of investments together, and to make the 'Exchange'

of Stock between them as simple and fair as possible.

NEED FOR A STOCK EXCHANGE

As the business and industry expanded and economy became more complex in
nature, a need for permanent finance arose. Entrepreneurs require money for

long term needs, whereas investors demand liquidity. The solution to this

problem gave way for the origin of 'stock exchange', which is a ready market for

investment and liquidity.

As per the Securities Contract Act, 1956, "STOCK EXCHANGE" means anybody

of individuals whether incorporated or not constituted for the purpose of

regulating or controlling the business of buying, selling or dealing in securities".

BY-LAWS

Besides the above act, the securities contracts (regulation) rules were also made

in 1957 to regulate certain matters of trading on the stock exchanges. There are

also by-laws of exchanges, which are concerned with the following subjects.

Opening / closing of the stock exchanges, timing of trading, regulation of blank

transfers, carryover business, control of the settlement and other activities of the

stock exchange, fixation of margins, fixation of market prices or making up

prices, regulation of taravani business (jobbing), etc., regulation of brokers

trading, Brokerage charges, trading rules on the exchange, arbitration and

settlement of disputes, Settlement and clearing of the trading etc.

REGULATION OF STOCK EXCHANGE:

The Securities Contracts (regulation) Act, 1956 is the basis for operations of the

stock exchanges in India. No exchange can operate legally without the

government permission or recognition. Stock exchanges are given monopoly in

certain areas under section 19 of the above Act to ensure that the control and

regulation are facilitated. Recognition can be granted to a stock exchange

provided certain conditions are satisfied and the necessary information is

supplied to the government. Recognitions can also be withdrawn, if necessary.

Where there are no stock exchanges, the government can license some of the

brokers to perform the functions of a stock exchange in its absence.

Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956:

SC(R) A aims at preventing undesirable transactions in securities by regulating

the business of dealing therein by providing for certain other matters connected

therewith. This is the principal Act, which governs the trading of securities in

India.

The term "securities" has been defined In the SC(R) A. As per Section 2(h), the

'Securities' include:

1. Shares, scripts, stocks, bonds, debentures, debenture stock or other

marketable securities of a like nature in or of any incorporated company or

other body corporate.

2. Derivative.

3. Units or any other instrument issued by any collective investment scheme to

the investors in such schemes.

4. Government securities.

5. Such other instruments as may be declared by the Central Government to be

securities.

6. Rights or interests in securities.

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE

The NSE was incorporated in November 1992 with an equity capital of Rs.25crs.

The International Securities Consultancy (ISC) of Hong Kong helped in setting up

NSE. ISC prepared the detailed business plans and installation of hardware and

software systems. The promotions for NSE were Financial Institutions,

Insurances Companies, Banks and SEBI Capital Market Ltd., Infrastructure

Leasing and Financial Services Ltd. and Stock Holding Corporation Ltd.

It has been set up to strengthen the move towards professionalization of the

capital market as well as provide nationwide securities trading facilities to

investors.

NSE is not an exchange in the traditional sense where brokers own and manage

the exchange. A two tier administrative setup involving a company board and a

governing board of the exchange is envisaged.

NSE is a national market for shares of Public Sector Units, Bonds, Debentures

and Government securities, since infrastructure and trading facilities are

provided.

NSE-NIFTY:

The NSE on April 22, 1996 launched a new equity Index. The NSE-50. The new

Index which replaces the existing NSE-100 Index is expected to serve as an

appropriate Index for the new segment of futures and options.

"Nifty" means National Index for Fifty Stocks.

The NSE-50 comprises 50 companies that represent 20 broad Industry groups

with an aggregate market capitalization of around Rs.1,70,000 crs. All companies

included in the Index have a market capitalization in excess of Rs.500 crs each

and should have traded for 85% of trading days at an impact cost of less than

1.5%.

The base period for the index is the close of prices on Nov3, 1995 which makes

one year of completion of operation of NSE's capital market segment. The base

value of the Index has been set at 1000.

NSE-MIDCAP INDEX:

The NSE midcap Index or the Junior Nifty comprises 50 stocks that represents

21 board Industry groups and will provide proper representation of the midcap

segment of the Indian capital Market. All stocks in the Index should have market

capitalization of greater than Rs.200 crs and should have traded 85% of the

trading days at an impact cost of less 2.5%.

The base period for the index is Nov 4, 1996 which signifies two years for
completion of operations of the capital market segment of the operation. The base

value of the Index has been set at 1000.

Average daily turnover of the present scenario 2,58,212 (Lacs) and number of

average daily trades 2,160 (Lacs).

At present, there are 24 stock exchanges recognized under the Securities

Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956. They are:

BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE

This Stock Exchange, Mumbai, popularly known as "BOMBAY STOCK

EXCHANGE (BSE)" was established in 1875 as ''The Native Share and Stock

Brokers Association", as a voluntary non-profit making association. It has evolved

over the years into its present status as the premiere Stock Exchange in the

country. It may be noted that the Stock Exchange is the oldest one in Asia, even

older than the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which was founded in 1878.

The exchange, while providing an efficient and transparent market for trading in

securities, upholds the interests of the investors and ensures redressed of their

grievances, whether against the companies or its own member brokers. It also

strives to educate and enlighten the investors by making available necessary

informative inputs and conducting investor education programmes.

A governing board comprising of 9 elected directors, 2 SEBI nominees, 7 public

representatives and an executive director is the apex body, which decides the

policies and regulates the affairs of the exchange.

The Executive director as the chief executive officer is responsible for the day to

day administration of the exchange.

BSE INDICES:

In order to enable the market participants, analysts etc., to track the various ups

and downs in the Indian stock market, the Exchange introduced in 1986 an
equity stock index called BSE-SENSEX that subsequently became the barometer

of the moments of the share prices in the Indian stock market. It is a "Market

capitalization-weighted" index of 30 component stocks representing a sample of

large, well established and leading companies. The base year of SENSEX is 1978-

79. The SENSEX is widely reported in both domestic and international markets

through print as well as electronic media.

SENSEX is calculated using a market capitalization weighted method. As per this

methodology, the level of the index reflects the total market value of all 30

component stocks from different industries related to particular base period. The

total market value of a company is determined by multiplying the price of its

stock by the number of shares outstanding. Statisticians call an index of a set of

combined variables (such as price and number of shares) a composite Index. An

Indexed number is used to represent the results of this calculation in order to

make the value easier to work with and track over a time. It is much easier to

graph a chart based on Indexed values than one based on actual values world

over majority of the well known Indices are constructed using "Market

capitalization weighted method".

In practice, the daily calculation of SENSEX is done by dividing the aggregate

market value of the 30 companies in the Index by a number called the Index

Divisor. The Divisor is the only link to the original base period value of the

SENSEX. The Divisor keeps the Index comparable over a period of time and it is

the reference point for the entire Index maintenance adjustments. SENSEX is

widely used to describe the mood in the Indian Stock markets. Base year average

is changed as per the formula:

New base year average = old base year average *(new market value/old market

value)

COMPANY PROFILE

Angel Broking is an Indian Stock Broking firm established in 1987. The company

is a member of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange

(NSE), National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX) and Multi

Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX).It is a depository participant with

Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).The company has 8500+ sub-brokers

and franchisee outlets in more than 850 cities across India.

The company Angel Broking provides financial services to retail clients. Their

services include online broking, depository, commodity trading and investment

advisory services. solutions such as personal loans and insurance are also

delivered by this company. In 2006, the company started its Portfolio

Management Services (PMS), IPOs business and Mutual Funds Distribution

(MFD) arm. The company publishes research reports on areas related to

investment broking.

Angel Broking Private Limited

Angel Broking Logo
Type Private
Stock Broker and Financial
Industry
services
Headquarter
Mumbai, India
s
Dinesh Thakkar
Key people
(Chairman & Managing Director)

Equity Trading

Commodities

Portfolio Management

Services

Services Mutual funds

Life insurance

IPO

Depository Services

Investment Advisory

Angel Commodities

Broking Pvt. Ltd.

Angel Fin cap Pvt. Ltd.

Angel Financial Advisors

Subsidiaries Pvt. Ltd.

Angel Securities Ltd.

Website www.angelbroking.com

Products & Services

Angel Broking offers products such as Angel Eye, Angel SpeedPro, Angel Trade

and Angel Swift for online trading. Angel Eye is a browser trading application;

SpeedPro is a trading platform application; Angel Trade offers an online trading

platform for share investors, while Swift consists of a trading app for small

devices.

History

Entrepreneur Dinesh Thakkar started his business in 1987 with a capital of Five

Lakhs Indian Rupees and lost half of the money within eight months. In 1989, he

started off again as a sub-broker. Later, Angel Broking was incorporated as a

wealth management, retail and corporate broking firm in December, 1997. In

November 1998, Angel Capital and Debt Market Ltd. gained membership of

National Stock Exchange as a legal entity. The company opened its commodity

broking Division in April, 2004. In November 2007, Birla Sun Life Insurance

joined hands with Angel Broking for distribution of its insurance products. In

2007 the World Bank arm International Finance Corporation bought 18% stake

in Angel Broking.

Awards

2009 - 'Broking House with Largest Distribution Network' Award and 'Best

Retail Broking House' Award at BSE IPF-D&B Equity Broking Awards

2012 - BSE IPF-D&B Equity Broking Award for Best Retail Broking House

2012-13 - Among BSE Top 10 Performers in Equity Segment (Retail

Trading) FY 2012-13

2013 - BSE-IPF D&B Equity Broking Award for Broking House with Largest

Distribution Network

2013 - BSE-IPF D&B Equity Broking Award for 'Best Retail Equity Broking
 House

2013-14 - Awarded Top Three Clients Traded Members in Equity by the

BSE

2014 - BSE-IPF D&B Equity Broking Award for Broking

INTRODUCTION ABOUT TOPIC

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research is a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new fact

in any branch of knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and

systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.

Research Methodology:

Research Methodology is collective term for the structured process of conducting

research.There are many different methodology used in various type of rearch

and the term is usally considered to include research design data gathering and

data analysis.

Research Design:

Project is totally based on descriptive and diagnostic research it is prepared on

structured, way to find out problem under such descriptive research. I have gone
through secondly data for technical analysis, calculative study of risk and return

equity shares.

Objective:

To find out risk and return of six companies

To study and understand security analysis concept.

To select an optimum portfolio on the basis of risk and return.

Sample Design:

Population: I have selected nifty-50 companies for analysis of risk

and return.

Method of sampling: I have selected deliberate sample is select

particular unit .

Sample size: I have selected 6 companies listed in NSE for risk &

return analysis.

BHEL
JINDAL STEEL
RELIANCE INDUSTRY
WIPRO
ACC
SUNPHARMA

Data collection:

This study is majorly based on seanclary data and data are collected from NSE|

website,reference book company website.

Measuament Technique:

The following technique has been used.

o rate of return
o risk
 o variance

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

CALCULATION OF RETUN AND RISK:

Ri
EXPECTED RETURN E (Ri)

N
PORTFOLIO-A

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED (BHEL):

138.85 8.41 70.73

91.1 -39.34 1547.64
113.75 -16.69 278.56
125.40 -5.04 25.40
120.70 -9.74 94.87
127.65 -2.79 7.78
145.80 15.36 235.95
139.05 8.61 74.13
134.65 4.21 17.72
138.80 8.36 69.89
130.35 -0.09 0.0081
121.05 -9.39 88.17
137.05 6.61 43.69
162.00 31.56 996.03

RELIANCE INDUSTRY LTD.

WIPRO

SUN PHARMA

Date x x-x (x-x)2

Jan 16 873.00 113.63 12911.78
Feb 16 855.5 95.68 9154.66
Mar 16 819.45 60.08 3609.61
Apr 16 811.30 51.93 2696.72
May 16 762.70 3.33 11.09
Jun 16 763.60 24.23 1789.29
July 16 829.75 70.38 4953.34
Aug 16 774.85 15.48 239.63
Sep 16 742.70 -16.67 277.89
Oct 16 748.25 -11.12 123.65
Nov 16 710.30 -49.07 2407.86
Dec 16 629.75 - 16801.34

129.82
Jan 17 631.55 - 16337.38

127.82
Jan 17 678.95 -80.42 6467.38

77782.19/14

EXPECTED RETURN = 2038.85/10

= 203.885
2
= X (X-X')
= 591.945

RISK = 77782.19/14

= 14.54

ACC

Date x x-x (x-x)2

Jan 16 1240.40 -274.36 75273.41
Feb 16 1991.15 476.39 226947.43
Mar 16 1380.30 -134.46 18079.49
Apr 16 1443.00 -71.76 5149.49
May 16 1531.80 17.04 290.36
Jun 16 1613.65 98.89 9779.23
July 16 1689.95 175.19 30691.54
Aug 16 1707.65 192.89 37206.55
Sep 16 1594.95 80.19 6430.44
Oct 16 1515.90 1.14 1.29
Nov 16 1342.60 -172.16 29639.07
Dec 16 1328.40 -186.36 34730.05
Jan 17 1415.75 -99.01 9802.98
Jan 17 1411.20 -103 10724.67
494741/14

EXPECTED RETURN = 21206.7/14

= 1514.76
2
= X (X-X')
=

RISK = 494741/14

= 187.99

PORTFOLIO-A

THE RISK AND RETURN OF EACH COMPANY

IN PORTFOLIO A IS:
 SL .No COMPANY RETUR RISK
N
1 BHEL 130.44 15.93
2 JINDAL STEEL 74.59 16/97

PORTFOLIO-B

THE RISK AND RETURN OF EACH COMPANY

IN PORTFOLIO B IS:

SI. No COMPANY RETURN RISK

1 WIPRO 511.85 39.95
2 RELIANCE 1037.05 68.78
ENERGY

PORTFOLIO-C

THE RISK AND RETURN OF EACH COMPANY

IN PORTFOLIO C IS:

SI. No COMPANY RETURN RISK

1 ACC 203.88 187.99
2 SUNPHARMA 163.75 591.945
4. FINDING
5. CONCLUSION
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. APPENDIX