Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects
of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is an academic discipline and
a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general
principles and researching specific cases.[1][2]
In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be
classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the
role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring
the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes,
including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivati
on (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people,
such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and
other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind.
[3]
Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between
psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to
employing empirical and deductive methods, some
especially clinical and counseling psychologistsat times rely upon symbolic interpretation and
other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a "hub science", [4] with
psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural
sciences, medicine, humanities, and philosophy.
While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental
health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several
spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society.[5]
[6]
The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in
clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics
related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology
departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are
employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas[7] such as human
development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and
other aspects of law.