Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Raising goats (Capra hircus) either for backyard farming or for

commercial scale is cheaper and easier to manage than other livestock

animals. By nature, goats are browsers and like to eat many varieties

of plants. Goat raising is good in the uplands where leguminous forage

and fodder crops including grasses abound. Goats are popular with

small holders because of their efficient conversion of feed into edible

and high-quality meat, milk and hide. They are not only a source of

protein, but they also provide the much needed income. In fact, goats

provide livelihood to about 15 million of Filipinos (Faylon, 2009). They

are also used as holistic tools for land vegetation management since

they can trim grasses through browsing thus minimizing the work for

clearing the field. With proper grazing management, goats can

eliminate noxious weeds and restore native grasses.

In a study conducted by a government agency, it was found out

that goats are multi-purpose ruminants producing 58.4% milk, 35.6%

meat and 4.3% hide, and 1.7% fiber. These small ruminants can
provide the answer to the improvement of nutritional requirements of

the predominantly rural farm families scattered all over the

archipelago (Agriculture Business Week, 2009). As of July 1, 2016, the

total inventory of goat in the country was 3.71 million heads. It

increased by 0.90 percent from the previous years inventory of 3.68

million heads. Around 98.57 percent or 3.66 million heads of goat

were raised in backyard farms while the remaining 1.43 percent or

0.05 million heads of goat were raised in commercial farms (Philippine

Statistics Authority). Despite the increase in inventory, goat farmers

still faced numerous problems that affect their production

performance. These include the lack of systems and knowledge about

proper management practices, nutrition and health care for goats

causing high mortality among animals especially during climate

change. Extreme weather events, particularly flood, drought and

tropical storms are also expected to increase in frequency and

intensity across the continent (IPCC, 2007). Hence, solutions to

technical problems are important points of consideration in preparing

for the development of the industry.

This study aims to find out the business performance of

Backyard Goat Production in selected areas of Davao city, how they

establish their enterprise to operate well and how they engage to it, to

strengthen their living.

Statement of the Problem

This study focused on the Business Performance of Backyard

Goat Production in Davao City.

It sought to find answer to the following question:

1. What is the socio-Demographic profile s of Backyard Goat

Raisers in Davao City in terms of:

a. Age
b. Sex
c. Educational Attainment
d. Years in handling
e. Source of Capital
f. Land Area
2. What is Material Costs of Backyard Goat Raiser in Davao City in

terms of:
a. Tools and Equipment
b. Disinfect Medication
 3. What is the level Business Performance of Backyard Goat in

terms:
a. Sales Volume
b. Sales Value
c. Net Revenue
4. Is there any significant difference in Business Performance

when grouped according to Socio-Demographic Profile?

5. Is there any significant Relationship between the Business

Performance and Material cost?

6. What are the Problems encountered and Suggested Solution in

Backyard Goat Production?

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will provide information which is useful to

the following

Goat raisers. Their business performance level may improve

through the information of Backyard Goat production to guide them

on the recommended practices which have significant contribution to

the production and portability of this livelihood.

Department of Agriculture and other concern agencies. The

result will hopefully serve as guide for government agencies in

providing assistance to the Backyard Goat Raiser to increase their

production output.
Future Researcher. Those interested in determining the level of

Production and the recommended Agricultural Practices can utilize

this study as their reference.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study will be limited to the Business Performance of

Backyard Goat Production in Davao City. The qualified respondent of

the study is goat raisers. The reliability of the result depends much on

the honesty of the respondents in supplying the necessary data. The

study will be limited only to 30 (thirty) raisers who are residents of

Davao City and who own at most 5 or more heads of goat. However,

this paper only relies on the respondents answers to the

questionnaire. Furthermore, the study was conducted from January-

May 2017.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined according to their use in this

study:

Age refers to the respondents chronological years of life.

 Land Area is the total area where the backyard goat stand and

where the raiser obtain the commodity.

Business Performance refer to the Sales Volume, sales Value

and net Revenue from business.

Civil Status refer to the profile of the respondents categorize as

single, married or widowed.

Educational Attainment is the highest levelof education

attained by the respondent.

Years in Handling refer to the number of years of backyard goat

raiser.

Material Cost refer to the total Expenditures incurred for

backyard goat production which includes Tools and Equipment and

Disinfect Medication.

Net Revenue refer to the net income of backyard goat raiser

resulting from deducting all material costs.

Sex refer to the biological nature of the respondents whether

male or female.
 Socio-Demographic Profile refers to the personal data of

farmer such as: age, sex, educational attainment, years in handling,

source of capital and land area.

Source of Capital refers to the source of financing used to

operate the business.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL

FRAMEWORK

Included in this chapter are the related literature and studies,

theoretical framework, conceptual framework and the hypothesis of

the study.
Related Literature and Studies

The domestic goat is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the

wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member

of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in

the goat antelope subfamily Caprinae. There are over 300 distinct

breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and

have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the

world. Due to its neutrality to religious restrictions, its meat accounts

to 70% of meat consumption worldwide. (Watson, 2008).

Domestication of goats dates back to 9000 years where their

ancestors are said to have occurred in south western Asia from eastern

Mediterranean to Turkey and the adjacent eastern regions (Roets,

2004). The first records of domestic goats in Africa can be found in

Egypt and North Africa where pictures of goats, goat herders and

husbandry practices that are found in tombs, dates back to the 5th

Dynasty, around 2400 years ago. Little is known about the actual

breeds but differences in their horn shapes indicate that two or more

breeds could have been present (Boessneck, 1988 In: Roets, 2004).

Based on the bones found in archaeological deposits, it seems that

early goats were similar in stature to the indigenous goats of today.

 Indigenous goat is the collective term used for all varieties of

native South Africa goat breeds. Specific breed names are usually

given according to the geographical areas in which they occur, or

names of breeds and types are taken over from the nations or tribes

that own them (Maree and Plug, 1993 In: Roets, 2004). According

Campbell (1995, In: Roets, 2004), the indigenous goats of South Africa

can be classed into; Speckled goats, Loskop South indigenous goats,

KwaZulu-Natal, Nguni goats and Delftzijl goats. However, this

classification system does not accommodate the thousands of

indigenous goats found outside these specific locations throughout

South Africa. Nevertheless, the local breeds of goats are well adapted

to their varied natural environments. This has influenced their

characteristics and also the methods of husbandry practices. Although

there are highly specialised breeds, most of them are dual or multi-

purpose and in many cases, village flocks are of mixed breeds. Meat,

milk, hair and skins are products of first economic value to owners.

The indigenous goats of South Africa vary in horn and coat types,

colour, ear length and size. They are mostly of medium size.

Environmental extremes are mainly responsible for the variation in

size between goat types. It is possible to find different variations in the

same region and even in the same flock (Roets, 2004).

 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter embodies the research design, sources of data, data

gathering instrument, sampling technique, procedure of the study, and

statistical treatment used in obtaining results of the study.

Research Design

The Descriptive-Correlation method will be used in the study

which focused on presenting the Socio-Demographic Profile of the

Backyard Goat Raiser, Material Costs, and the Business Performance

of Backyard Goat Production in Davao City. According to Calmorin

(2005), the Descriptive Correlation method is appropriate whenever

the object of any class varies among themselves and the researcher is

interested in knowing the to which different factors contribute to this

variation.

Correlation Design will be used to measure the relationship of

Business Performance and material cost of Backyard Goat Production.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant

difference of Business Performance of Backyard Goat Production when

respondents are grouped according to Socio-Demographic Profile.

Sources of Data

This study used primary data taken from responses of the thirty

(30) Backyard Goat Raiser in Davao City with the use of the

questionnaire Purposive sampling will be used in conducting the

survey. Secondary information used in this research were taken from

books, finished thesis studies, the internet and report of Philippine

Statistic Authority (PSA).

Data Gathering Instrument

This study used a prepared survey Questionnaire through field

enumeration. The questionnaire will be constructed after making a

thorough review of related literature on Backyard Goat. The

questionnaire is composed of the Socio-Demographic Profile, Material

Cost and Business Performance.

Sampling Technique

This study used Purposive Sampling in the selection of

respondents from backyard Goat producer in Davao City. There were a

Total of 30 respondents who represented Backyard Goat producers in

the study. The researcher gathered his data by searching the area and

looking for available Backyard Goat producer that can be interviewed.

Procedure of the Study

These were the following steps in observing the process of the

study. First, a survey Questionnaire was formulated with the

assistance of the adviser and the thesis committee to gather the

necessary information. Secondly, when the questionnaire is finalized,

the researcher proceed in asking permission to conduct a survey.

Thirdly, personal interview with the structured questionnaire will done

after seeking permission to the barangay captain in selected barangay.

After approving the permission to the barangay captain, the researcher

started the survey with the used of the questionnaire. Data were

gathered, analyzed and interpreted as a result. This was presented in a

Final Defense with the Thesis Advisory Committee.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviation,

the statistical tools used to present the raisers Socio-Demographic

Profile, Material Cost and Business Performance of Backyard goat

production.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the

significant difference in business performance of backyard goat

production when respondents were grouped according to Socio-

Demographic Profile.

Pearson r will be employed to determine the relationship between

the Business Performance and Material Cost.