SECTION A
UNIT 1: Physics and Measurement
Physics, technology and society, S I units, Fundamental and derived units. Least count,
accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Significant figures.
Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
UNIT 2: Kinematics
Frame of reference. Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity.
Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity Uniformly
accelerated motion, velocity-time, position- time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated
motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar and Vector
products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile
Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
UNIT 3: Laws of Motion
Force and Inertia, Newtons First Law of motion; Momentum, Newtons Second Law of
motion; Impulse; Newtons Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum
and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications.
UNIT 4: Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work
energy theorem, power.
Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-
conservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
UNIT 5: Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of
rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular
momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments of
inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their
applications. Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.
UNIT 6: Gravitation
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude
and depth. Keplers laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational
potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.
UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hookes Law, Youngs modulus, bulk modulus,
modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascals law and its applications.
Viscosity, Stokes law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number.
Bernoullis principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of
contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature,
thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat
transfer- conduction, convection and radiation, Newtons law of cooling.
UNIT 8: Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work and
internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and
irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work doneon compressing a gas.Kinetic theory of gases -
assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of gas
molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy,applications to specific heat
capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadros number.
UNIT 10: Oscillations and Waves
Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions.
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring -restoring
force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. - kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum
- derivation of expression for its time period; Free, forced and damped oscillations,
resonance.
Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for
a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves
in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound
UNIT 11: Electrostatics
Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulombs law-forces between two point charges,
forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric
field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux, Gausss law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly
charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin
spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and
system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point
charges in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.
UNIT 12: Current Electricity
Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohms law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different
materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, Electrical energy and
power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations of
resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.
Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of
cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge,
Metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications.
UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Amperes law and its
applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving
charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two
parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current
loop in uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and
conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earths magnetic field and magnetic elements.
Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances.
Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent
magnets.
UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic induction; Faradays law, induced emf and current; Lenzs Law, Eddy
currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating
current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality factor,
power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, Xrays,
gamma rays). Applications of e.m. waves.
UNIT 16: Optics
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total
internal reflection and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens
Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Microscope
and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using
Huygens principle. Interference, Youngs double slit experiment and expression for fringe
width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit,
width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes,
Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewsters law, uses of plane polarized light and
Polaroids.
UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenards observations; Einsteins
photoelectric equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de
Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.
UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherfords model of atom; Bohr model, energy
levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes,
isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties;
radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
UNIT 19: Electronic Devices
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode
as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode
as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor;
transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR,
AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
UNIT 20: Communication Systems
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation,
Need for modulation, Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals,
Bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block
Diagram only)
SECTION-B
UNIT 21: Experimental Skills
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Vernier callipers - its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a
vessel.
2. Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/diameter of thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of
amplitude and time.
4. Metre Scale - mass of a given object by principle of moments.
5. Youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a
given spherical body.
8. Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body
and time.
9. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
10. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
11. Resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge.
12. Resistance of a given wire using Ohms law.
13. Potentiometer - (i) Comparison of emf of two primary cells. (ii) Determination of
internal resistance of a cell.
14. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
15. Focal length of: (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (iii) Convex lens using
parallax method.
16. Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
17. Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
18. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
19. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
20. Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.
21. Identification of Diode, LED, Transistor, IC, Resistor, Capacitor from mixed
collection of such items.
22. Using multimeter to: (i) Identify base of a transistor (ii) Distinguish between npn and
pnp type transistor (iii) See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an
LED. (iv) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode,
transistor or IC).
