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Unit 6 Populations

This document provides an overview of key concepts in population biology and human population dynamics. It discusses population ecology, carrying capacity, reproductive strategies like r-selection and K-selection, and survivorship curves. For human populations, it covers factors that influence population change like birth and death rates. It also explains the demographic transition model and how societies progress from high birth/death rates to low, stable rates. Finally, it mentions that age-structure diagrams can provide insights into future population trends based on current age and sex distributions.

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124 views2 pages

Unit 6 Populations

This document provides an overview of key concepts in population biology and human population dynamics. It discusses population ecology, carrying capacity, reproductive strategies like r-selection and K-selection, and survivorship curves. For human populations, it covers factors that influence population change like birth and death rates. It also explains the demographic transition model and how societies progress from high birth/death rates to low, stable rates. Finally, it mentions that age-structure diagrams can provide insights into future population trends based on current age and sex distributions.

Uploaded by

api-332813379
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AP Environmental Science

Unit 6 Study Guide

Populations

I. Population Biology Concepts:


- Population Ecology: studi8es the dynamics of species populations and how they
interact with the environment
Population Viability Analysis (PVA) used to predict long term probability of a
species in a given habitat

- Carrying Capacity (K): number of organisms that can be supported in a given area
sustainably; dependent on resources available, niches, and time
J-Shaped Curve: exponential increase without a K limit, but also can decrease
just as fast
S-Shaped Curve: levels out at carrying capacity

- Reproductive Strategies:
r-Strategists: high reproductive rates; mature rapidly; short lived prey; wide
fluctuations in population density (blooms and busts)
K-Strategists: mature slowly; fewer offspring high parental care; population
stabilizes near the carrying capacity

- Survivorship:
Survivorship curves show age distribution characteristics of species, reproductive
strategies, and life history
Type I: deaths occur at the limit of biological life span; high probability of
surviving to advanced ages (humans, elephants)
Type II: uniform death rates; predation affects all age groups (rodents)
Type III: greatest number of offspring; high infant mortality; declines with age
(fish, sea turtles)

II. Human Population Dynamics:


- Population change = (crude birth rate +immigration) (crude death rate + emigration)
brithratedeath rate
- Growth Rate (%) = 10
70
- Rule of 70: annua growth rate = doubling time
AP Environmental Science
Unit 6 Study Guide

Populations

- Demographic Transition:
Stage 1: Pre- Industrial
- Poor medical care
- Bad living conditions; not enough resources
- High birth rates but also high infant mortality rates
Stage 2: Transitional
- Start of industrialization
- Improved medical care
- Higher levels of education
- Population increases
Stage 3: Industrial
- Urbanization
- Population boom
- Cleaner resources
Stage 4: Post-Industrial
- Birth rate equals death rate; both relatively low
- Zero population growth

III. Age- Structure Diagrams


- Indicator of future trends in population variation based on age and sex ratios

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