No.

2T

1NTEGRATED
CIRCUIT
APPLICATIONS
Fo r rs t M .M i m s"'D

p r . f s ?
r^S^^?&^^

JW
***
 COMMON SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS

4
OR

UNCONNECTED CONNECTED
GROUND METER
W! RS WIRES

HOh
SPEAKER MICROPHONE TRANSFORMER CRYSTAL
NORMALLY NORMALLY
OPEN CLOSED-v

O 00
SPST TOGGLE PUSHBUTTON PUSHBUTTON
RELAY
SWITCH SWITCH SWITCH

^ VARIABLE
'ESISTOR POTENTIOMETER CAPACITOR
CAPACITOR

LIGHT EMITTING
PHOTORESISTOR
DIDE D.ODE (LED)

PNP NPN PHOTOTRftNSISTOR

TRANSISTOR TRANSISTOR (NPN) -r
 ITHANDBQDTrDFlNTEGRAIbl) UKCU1I APFLlCTTTDI^S"

"H^URRESI- ! i

C O N T R I B U I I N G : EDITOR i ! ' l l l

POPULAR ELECTRONICS i ! i :

i ! i

i i : , i i !

-i L-

i l l l l l l i ! l i l

FIRST, EDITION

! ! ! i i i j SECOND : PRINTING - il982 i

l !
l t ! l ' i i
1 i 1 COPYRIGHT 0.1982 ! B.Y RAD'10 SHACK, A i D I V ISION OF TANDY 1 I ' ' ! 1 > '
: IORPORATIC N. MALLJ.RIGHTS RESRVEDi iRRINTED IN T tf" j :
ir
fcLLTED STATIES OF; AMERICA 1 1 I L

f-1-
1

1
1
1 !
-M-
1
_L 1 1 t "1 i i 1 ! ! 1 1 i
' i 1
i

:
1 1\J I
i
i j i ! ' t 1 _L

; i ! i ! i ' i j | j : i 1 '
1"
! ! | j i . 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i t i ' i,
i t i i i
' ' i ; j 1! 1
-r _u 1 1 -J- t l iii *-
 7 "T T.

i l
i i l ! l l i l l l i i
l i
f t
l r
i LT
! l ' l i f i
,U . M ! l i t
l r ! l l l
l i
This book is for the enterrajnment!
and edlf^cation of experimenters :
and hobbvists!. ' While reasonablg i :
care hs been exercised with
to the accuracy of the informa t loa_
in this book.i the author ;and: publlsher-
nn i bi l j 1-y f r
ottnssinns nr suitability -fnr : any
.pi ication . Neither do we assume, any :
liabilit-y for any damages resultir-g^
use of th^ information. ; T-t-
_is your responsibility to
l f use: manafagtnre or sale ofany
_device i n c o ^ Q r a t ; i h one nr
_C rcuitis in t. h i! s '. book infringes ; any
patents. or l !

i i i ! i
! t
Due: to'the large l vblume' of J tn!a-f 1 '_ TTP-^
ceived-by "Radio Shack and -hhg
;it is impossib^e to ^answer

:asslstnce, etc . ^ But t hough v cari -:

jnot^^ck.nowlege individual letter:s.
wi 1 1 npyprt-hfl P-S.C; be delightgd: to
y_y
and ions about this

Thanks in adyance to those of you

who write. We appreciate your
corrments. But please remember we^
will be unable to giv you a per-
sonal repy.
 ^i&tSiS^m
Snl^wip^w

TDKTENTS'

EAUTKSTTT
INTRODOCTTDfC
nooousaHis3ooKv:
HBZIEWINOHOISICS: EJZ
3ZDIG mLTlNTEGRAIB7CIRCU LTS. II
3ZMOSZCMOSITNIEGRATED ICRCUnSItiNiBODucTi.oNZ
JSATE_PAC.KAGES._ TR3~
R AM s CMEMOR_LES)_
_SEQUENT_IAL_LpG_IC_

b. IIL/LS INlbGRAlL-i) ilklUlS UNTRODUCTION!

, .' : ' : i j i i ' i ' : . \ ' ' ' \ !

M M : COMBI NATIONAL LOGIC. .: = . 1 ; \ i : : : i ^8-^1
: , ' 1 ; ! i : M j i ; ! i M i i M ' '< l ' \ i ! i i : 1 l . -
! i t i : ! SEQUENTIAL .LOGIC M : ; ; i ! i : i ; M i : , 1 ; .m-tt
_ ' ' : ; M i i i ' i = - : i i i : : : i i ; ' ' : i : i i '
m* ; ; ' -BYTE WIDE : BUS BUFFERS AND LATCHES : ' ' M-te\ :
^^" ". ; . , . --. :
i ; ; 11, LNLAk I.NTEGRATED CIRCUITS. (INTRODUCTION)
1 - ; ! ! ; ; ! : ' : ; . . : . : i : ; . ! j

: ' : . VOLTAGE REGULATORS : . . ; , \ ; = ; : . 70-7R-

: : i : : ' : . ; . - : . : ; , : : ; > - ! ; . '. i : ' ! i i .
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS : : \ : . . . . : 77-87
: - ' l . : . ; , : i ; :
'LED FLASHER s - . , _ . , - ; ; 'RS-RC
: ' ' i '

. LED DOT/BAR DR1VER . . : . . qn-q.

:
CLOCK MODULE ' . . : > q
' TIMERS zaeaM
PHASE-LOCKED TP"S IDHJJBH
1Z-KEY TONE PAD

VOLTAGE AND DATA CONVERSION

AUDIO AMPLIFIERS
;
! - LJ SOIJND lEFFECTiCHIPS i
i i t 1 i i i j 1 ! i M i l 120-* ?5 '
1 M i l ! t i ! !
1 i' ! M i 1 M M M i - l
C^4- r. _L- OPTO:! SOLATORS ' ! 1
i
!
! ^
1
1
l
!
! 1 j
!
l ! .]?fH?8_L
1 M i M i
;
! 1 ! i i 1 f ! 1 i i M i '!
i * ' j i i i i i : ! : ! ; ' i 1 ; i i ! i MM i ! i l '
- 1 : , ! 1 , , . 1 . .
! ' : ! : ; : i ' : ' ! ' i ! i i , = i j | , . i i ; ' .' ! 1 ! ! i :

l l
 . , - : ; ; ! ; . \ ; f
! ' i ; ; j
; . : ' . ; ! : ' I ' 1 | i 1 i ; i ; : i ! : '-'r
. : , INItbKAIUJ UKLUI , NDhX ' ' , ; i ~
i : < : . : i l ; | ! : l ; ' . i ! i l , ] i ; ! i ' ' | ~~- ~
! . - , = < ; 1 i ' ' i 1 1 ' ; i s : l i i ! i 1 ; ; i i ' . --
! . : ' : i ! i ! ! , : ! : i 1 i '1 1 ! i i i ! i i -rm
' i i i !L/L) i '. \. CMUS/MOS ' . - M - . ;INhAR l i _.. 7
' ' * ' i " ' ; ' i i t i t ! 1 i ' ' ! '' i ' i l
UtVILt HAbb DbVICb PAGb ; DFVICF >. -. \C
' . ; : I ; ' 1 ', : j ; j . j . .
7TOT74LSOO : 40-42 4Q01 ' 16 : 'X555 < l : Qfi-oo
: 7402/74LS02 45- 4011 > 14-15' 556 : mn-mV
>7404/74LS04 46 4Q13 : : 28: : 558 ! : ! i in-5-in-*
/7408/74LSG8 43 4017 ' 32-33 565 ' = . : -in^
74LS32 44. 4027 ; ! 29' 566 '''.'. 112-
7447 48 4042 30 567 , 106-108
7448 49 4049 20 : -741C i 77-80 .
>7473 54 4050 21; 1458 : : BV i
74 / 4/741^ / 4 53 4066 ' 22-23 ! ! 3909: ' ' ' ' 88-89
7475/74LS/5 56 4C7G 18-19 7555 104
"476 55 4081 17 7i 8 0
5
- , , ,: ;i 7Q
i ve
90/74LE9C 58' 4511 36' 7R12 ' 70
7492 59 4528 31 . 7 R 1 5 . i i 70
74LS123 52 4553 34-35 7QOC = ' l IV '
74LS128: 50 2102L, 24-25 . i Q 4 n r v : i . 1 1 Q-lll]
74154, : 51 2114L: : : 26-27: i nAPfi-m : ! : i r - i i ^ . >
741S161 ; = 61 CEX-i:00 ; : 109: : l ' LP3.3N : ! i . i i R9 '
V4LSJ.64 6 J . MC14553 ' ' i : 34-35: i ! r.M^17T : 1 > . i i 7? ; '
74S175 ' 57 : MM5369 ' i ; ! 37 ! EM324N ; 1 - ' i 84'
l > ; 74192 60 MM5837 ' : 38' LM334 ; : i : i i 'lie : ^
74192/74LS193 62 PCIM-161 ' 95 LM337T i ' -i - ' : 73 K
'74LS240 ' 6 4 - ' : LM&3.9 : ; i 1 i 86-87! i
-741S244 ' 65 ; ; i : ' i ' ! : . : : LM350T : i ! ! ' 761 i ' '
' 74LS245 68 - ; 1 LM377 - - . i . ! ;lig i !
74LS367 47 NOTE: The CEX-1200 ' ' ' LM383 i ! i ' 118: : j
"74LS273 66 12-Kev Tone Module T.vnsfi ' : ' ' T\ *
/74S374 67 n d the PCIM-161 : ' T.M723 ; ' i i ' 74' j ' '
LCD Clock Module T.M1877 ; i : -nq ! '
are located in the LM^900N! ; ' ' PS :
L:.necj:- section ai- I.M19L4N_ 90-^^ '
NOTE: T'TL and LS thouah bcth inccr- MOC 3 0 1 0 i:>7
chips ar g ^ n e ^ a l l y porare CMOS/MS Mnr 5010 i?fi '
-r.-tc^ch-^ebie c^rcui-jrv- KKM 3916 ' P4
LS chips consume SAD 1024 124-12=i
ls s power than' TTL
ecuivc.lents . Use.' SN76477 120-171 :
LS chips, when pOEsi- CK764RP 127-1^3
bie, for batterv
oowered c i r c u i t . TTT. 1 11 12fi
TTT, 119 126
TLD84C ; 83
TT.471 7 1;
TL C 07<~ 113

NOTE; Many 'Of these

chips are best cate : ^K
oorized as analoa. "^
' Linear is the popu-'
 : :

1NIRODUC1UN ;

K . . . . . . - -
Since the original Engineer ' s .Speaking of_j;ircuit5^_unless othe^--
Notebook was_published in 1979, wise ackncwledgedj_the circuits < n
Radio Shack hs made many changes _this jiotebook were- desgned by me
in its line of integrated cir- _sp'ecif ically for this publication
cuits. Enaineer's Notebook II _or wer e_adapted _f rom _these__sojircgs :
ref lects these chanaes with the
addition of 22 new chips and 1. Applications information pub
modules and some 84 new circuits. lished hy --h* jnanuf acturer_s of
Chips no lonaer sola by Radio the variousJnt^gTated circuits.
Shack have been deleted.
2. My engipeering notebooks .
Dave WoLf , Radio Shack ' s parts
buyer , and Dave Gunzel, Radio 3. "Experimejiter '.s Corner.!!_and
Shack 's publications director, _!LP.r.o_1ect o f the Month__^two '. '
have invested many hours review- _c.olumns_I_write_eaQh_month- for
incr draft versicns of the new Popular Electronics_magazine.
circuits. I 'm agpreciative of : . ! : 1 1 ~:
their many helpful suggestions _Tiiajaks_to__Radio 5hack's' solderless
and the freedom they have allowed
me in the selection of circuits. of_the- circuits verv qudcklv. i I
Jiope_:you have as:muchi fun exueri
mentina with tliem as I havei: ' ""
; . : , - . ' .- j ; . i i : : . ! ! i ; ! : i.' j | 1 : | \ .
; ! . . - - : : , : ; . . : . ' P^A/LdX M. M>UcL~, TTT 1 ( j : ;
' : ' ' : - ! 1 ! ! ! " ! ' ! j '
: . : : i i ! ' ! i ! .
** . .. .. . . t
i HOW 10 USL
.
IH1S bUUK ^ "i * i i- ! i ! i i '
: ; : : ! i , ; ; i i ; ' : i i '
. . . : . . ' . ' : . . ! ; . : i : . 1 . :
To saueeze the maximum number consider thenras buildinqp blocks
of circuits into this notebook. you. can connect to other circuits
only essential information is to accomplish new applicat_ons:.
provided. Therefore you will Experimentl Change resistors and
want to use this notebook in capacitors in RC circuits to. alter
con-iunction with Radio Shack 's freauencies and timing . Add new
"Semiconductor Reference Kand- functions. Above ali, work. with
book" and other data bocks. as many different chips: as you can
If you 'v always.used TTL, you '11
For a ouickie feview of impor- be impjressed with the operating
tant comoonents and construc- flexibility of CMOS. i If your
tion tips , read the '"next f ew forte is digital logic , you '11 be
pacrec . The rpmsi-ncp"'- nf t- h P amazed at wha.t you can do with an
notebck is ivid^ i -n -t- n ' twn op-amp. Finally, keep a record
'maior sections ; _j3;ij-Jta'l and of your experiments and circuit
linear. The dicn tal section desions. A: nctebook with a grid
is further di.vided_jj?t<"> two rulina like this: one is best, ibur
ma-ior IC families: MS/CMOS -a 5CK spiral notebook, is ;OK.. :
; -and TTL/LS. The chips _i n eaeh ' ; i ! i . - . , . - : = i i . l ! -1 i i
:section 'are oraanizec accor<3-; For* beainners ' only: .!. .'Be sure. ito
' i !in<r. to: unction.: not numr-ical ; : ' read the > next i f w pacresl i Becrin !
jfc ''secruenc. ' i i . i < ! i i : i ! ; ! ! . With femple 'chies <oate' packages ,
T i l - t ! 1 ! 1 i i i ! ! i i i i : ' ' ' ! ! timers ; ocr-amps . letc. , ' and you '. 11
t ' Though me;*- c*1 rrni'-e: ' n t-hic ' ; Soon be ready: for more advanced
circuits' a_nd prolects. ' Have- fun!
: : , , , ' . ; : ; ' , i- * : : ! ' i . ! i ' ; i ' ' '
111 . ' . . i '! ' . . - : . , . . . .. i ' i ' i i : i , : i ; ' ! ' >
, , . ' : - " ] ! i :
f i i i ! : , , - . . T . : i ; 1 ; i j i i : 1 > i i i
 l l l ! ! I l l 1

l l

JFYlFwINfi THE 1 ! ' i- ! S M

' t
, 1
; INIKIMJL IUN A! fourth color'band may b pre-

sent1. It! soecif ls : the toleram-,*
a Q.22_uF_capacjLtor_ of thei resistor.j :Gold !is 4- = 5*
instead of a 0.10 uF' unit?" and silver is 4- 10%; ' No.fourth {_
band means 20%. i
"Is it OK to substitute a 1
12,000 ohm resistor for a Since no resistor ;has a perfect
10,000 ohm unit? tolerance> it's often! OK. to sub-
; sttute rgsi gtn-rgj^ .exainp.leL-L
This section will_J:ackle these_ it*'s almost tQ,:..use_a_
comino n questions_and_jr_an.y____j__ 1.8K resistor in: place :of a .2.0K i
others. Master them, and vou unit-. : Just. try to stay vithin j
will be wel 1__ prepar_ed to tackj^ -!Ii^2.0_%_jaf_tJie^^^ejJJLLsd_
_ X e the circuits in_this book!
JWhatjdo_esJ_K mean? ' It'l_s_^hQJl^pJL_-- _
JLJMJQ^_L2! QK^mean. 120 x l c> o Q p^ j '
.RESLSinRS. J2,Q_JIOJL_ohms:^J_M^l.s^^hQrt i for mggj^
^Jbm_Qr....I,.00Q,QQQ QbmsuJ-Ihajiffirfi_
-Re s.isJ^QiLS_J.isi-i_tL_th e_f l q w_o_f_ !a^ 2 . 2 M resistor hs j a
_Iectri;cal: current of - 2 ; 2 - f l n f Q Q n inhnrsJ j ! |
-.cr 'hs- a resistance (R) of 1 : i
niT; if a current ( I ) of ' 1 am- ' iResistors iwhich iresist 'Qfl i
P e- r_e_ f lovs throu gh it when aJ j curjrent must !b abl,e_Jn
^Qtential difference (E) of l ' '-t hsL&e.atJLbeitljL4zro.<iMCfijLL
.cJJtL_is_pJ.ace.d_a_cross it. In us__ resistorsi with the -specified i
ther words:' ' ' ' ' power rating!: 'No powec ratip"
f*r " V"*- * " j.*~i .. m^
toa ' '
f-ur.^i-j j- q i_ u. 11 .J

-.specif ied? Then- it's: usallVOK i

'to use 1/4i
or 1/2 .watt
t
:units_.
j
\l
= -- f o r ; I = (or) E = IR
Almr>e;-t- Jl r.i LLtl
uses rp<=:-i st-nrs i : H p r p thrpp;
inr^y fomnlag. forrir : nf 1-hp Tnngi- impoi-tant appl H ^a-f--} Jiri S
t-h=rr.
11 use therr. c f ^ e n .
.!_ L i mi t- currenti to _LF.r :anjLSjr_
-i d e Ti c-i f i e bya. Jtcrs^_speaJ5.erSj ejLc_;_

U: g ^ ' ^1
|* | | ^
' i

+ inv Thp vnltsqp f ? i ;

-IxR2-. roean sthe!

-curr-en-fcthpoughR-land
^_RL ^=_LO^L(RL-^ R24-
BLACiL L-IK, _or0-^0-0-5-^aniper-e-s-
JLfl -3 = t n n n = ; \r
.2
10C i *" '* x (1O&OV or 5 volts j
3RANGF 3 3 "> 000 J< p?
4 i n r ooo No-tethat-the- total
10 n,,0.0 o. -and-

10 -Thi s^r u-1 eur^vid <

5RA!_ JLao.,jmo.t.ao.Q_ ..ir.aVi-
'H T TF (none) <~UStO7Ti
 Voltaae dividers, are used to ; marked .;001-i 000 are reted i' n : ~r
bias transistors:: . i ! : : : : .
< ' : .; :. . ^- -H ' Electrolytic capaitp^s p r o v i d p
fe, ' i ' : 1 ' J ' ; : ' : ;hicrh_capaeity irv a CTiLsll spgp , '
S. VOLT*<3F J '^ ' ' ! Their leads; are bolar-irpd anH
DiviDER ^"^ "> <? must b& connpcted - n t o a ri rr-n-i -r
v i * ^ O U "T , n the nrnne-r- d i r e c t i o n .
\N n *- -H ^ )
.
V " "^ U ___^
"^<
* J _-/ ^ss^liM "*"*^ &-=J~1^^
]| *"A ^-^ ^.7^*p /
' ""
1 .
J-
1 ' '
li THES6 LEADS MJST Ge
~ ; W _.TO TW MOST POSiTli/E
: T h e y ' r e a l s n a convenient C O w w E C T i O M . PoiwT. !
source of variable voltaqe-: ! i - ' i ' '( ' .
i ; 1 ; ' ' Capacitors have a voltage rating^^
; 4- IO V I t ' s usuallv orinted under- the
; : : 'l caDacitv_niaj:kJia The voltaae
: ! i ' ' i : A ; i- i : ratina; must' be : higher ; than^ the
j POTffOTiOMfTfJ? ^-K ' 0 o-ioi VOCTS: ' highest -excected. voltoe (usuallv
' (VAEIA&/.E ' ' ' f* - 1 i i ! i i ' =. 'the po^er ' supply voltageK; i i ;
' ! RES!<iTO<n : i T ! i 1- . ! i 1 ; i ! i i i ! .. , , i i : i
: i l i ! ' l i < ! ' 1 ' ' !
' ': - Cut ioh:: A caoaciitor can stoire a
. i ; ! i i i :="
i i i 1 i i : ; ; charae ; for 'considerable time
i A n d thpv ' r1 usefu"_ in' vnltage ; ! after boweri- is i removed _ 'This l
i " 1 ' ' l > : r
; 1 sensing 'cir-cuits:. See ; the ' : fhaV

r >: ;
''
: comparator eircuits; iin -thiis ' : '
notebook : '( ' ' '
i l i l : l ! - : ;
'- ' ' ' ' '

3!. iThey : control the'L charging i

't*if*r. +-TnTvf-ir* V a n a f i f-n-r ^ha-rare^ *-n
' ' r m V v - ^ n r ^ l f l vol -t-c r-an m ^ l t -t-h

' ; T - S leare; Hi ghi uni 1-ag<a oapar-i

: ' ' time of canacj-tors . ' Read: on . . '. ' ' ' ^-f-nrs
r - : : _ I '.Di.sc V i a T - r t < ^ a r-anar-Tf--n-- Vi\ ' r-ia i-of T> 1
; - j ' ' \ ! ; : : ; ' '. ' : ! 1y p l ^ ^ f n g k 'r** -?-" str ; (1K or moT^i
! i : ; : i CAPAI !S, ' ! : ' ' : : : V1KP Ohm' : c: 1 iawl ar^rncc: -.: + c loar;
; i j i i .: i 1 ' ' !
n n l v one ' h a n H >n 'nT-~"Q^* '
'fapa-i-rTg i-or^. >1 *>rl-pi <~a 1 : ; ' ' i-niir-h i nn Vo1-h 1 oar? c ; r,V >fc*> ^aDaO=-
| * '
h<= 'f]_r\u of ; '< ' ' i l - r r r - ' : ! i : ; '
' ^ ^ -r-er r-m-rpn- whi ; , : i : : ! : .
' i ^----^^ n_. _urrpn h: ' rapam" ' : IlTiPC r i- an +- f ana^itor a p ^ i i ^ ^ ^ - i -ic -
Tl* f ^ f a d <; :
' , !. : ' - ! .
: :OT1fa: fsT-p^ .T-,;, -^pc-^p + 'k ,hnrr^ . ' i ' ' H. 'RemoveiDower_JsuuDlv spiXes.
! V a p a f - i l-a-nr-P- QO ,Tnnst- f * a p a < - i - ' ; ' ' ' : ' f p l a c e Q . O l r - Q . l E acroSS powe^ L
t-OT-; ' ha v v 1 ne.S. O f ' ^fna 11 : < , ' cnnnl v n i n e - o -P : rl'i rri i-a 1 ' TCS''. - fvtO^-S-
ad:; ' ' : i ' ' ' false" triaaprincr. : : i '
: i > ; - i i i : ! j i | i i i . l l !

: [ ' il ' Tnicrof arad pF') = 1 0 ~ ' fa-rar- ' i - ' 2 ' - Smooth r e c t i f i d ^ A C vnl -t-age '
' ! i 1! p!icnfarr1 : fpP1 = 1Q~'12 f-rafl i ; ' into steady; DC voltage : P l a c e
; ! : ! i ! ! ! i nr i i i ! ' : ! i l h n - 1 0 ' . O O O \iP crss r e f - t i i e r :
! : 7 nP * 1 . OQQ". fl no p? M i -outp nt-i. )l ' i i i ' i - J
r i i i i
1

1 f i i 1 l l ! i 1 ... ' '

1
i~'"! L
1 '
r ---v . a*; -ii w;*- i -s u
i ' *
i ' i i i
! T-r-j
1 *
''J*-
l i i t
! !
!
^ i t i K i T a l l v haTini"Prt inn
1 1 W 1 * 1 : .' ^

^1 ! ' nrrl-j T h f . n F ,and|. pF djpnlna- 1 l . i^;.

j*ma!-1t kn'es~Tnrlcprl i -Tflnni aT- L \Jf t | j | j

1 i rafipd Vn r>P> T r n P REfTiltlRi ' ! 1 -

1 1 i i < i i i t | i ! j i i ! ! '
i | i i i r i j i . ' 7-
j j J i - 1 1 ! ! . . . .
1 1 '
1 1 | i 1 1 i 1 I I I ' ' ! i l .'
 l . . ; ' ' ' ! M ; li
mH

l~~l r
~1 '

T"; r"' ! i ; i !
-1 ! 1
' i = : ~ 1 : j - . _L,.
!. Block. DC . signal. 'while -ps S T i _ [ ! _ ! _ 1 ! J_
. n g A C sinal, < : ' . : . \ '' .! !< ;i l; i' 1 ii . i j
j TFf T TT JU UKb 1
ii
! ! ! ~
l l l ri_.. _ l l

J Bypass AC signal around'ai to observe all:operatlngjrestric4

ircuit or to: qround. ' < i ' M rtions.; Brief descriptions of j iin-j-
portan.t :seiniconductor; devicest
. Filter out unwanted portions. i i i ! !
if a fluctuatxng signal'.
J- l
Use with resistor to inter
rate a fluctuating signal: Pefmit: current:to flo.w in but; one
directiom (forward bias) i : Usedi
to rectify AC.iallow current to
_f low into: a circuit: but block, its
-A^\.. return,, .etc:.

. Or te dif ferentiate a
luctuatxng signal:

1 : ^
i^r .
}
_*>ii '
, '
( ' ' . '
' : ' : > i
ZENEK UiUDhb i
: ' : ! i :
. ' ;
i ' ! 1 i ' '
-_TTi_p-_ <> -JSs^JS^..-- : ' ' 'The zei\er ' diodp 'i s a volfao^ TPmi :
i ii <5f . > T : - - . ' . l t o r . j : In thi ; -bvnicsl c i f c u i t j . ! - -
' ' i 1 ; O' l i . i voltagie exceedinb :th^ d i n ^ ^ < $ j ; | '. - !

' r ; [ 1 ' ' ; : ' ' i 1 ! i ! : i breakdovm ' voltaae 'is shunted tc> l i i :
. Perform a tiraina function.-: ! ' ' ! "i" around1: i i i i l i ; ! i 1 i ! i ;
J. i ; ! ,, ; ' : i - . . i ; ! ' ' ' i ; : ii. i ! i ! ' ' ! ! ! '! i 1 i i =
4.:
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- . . . _ . 1C "' . ; : , : : .
: 1 > ! i ' 1 ! ! l^Cv\ '
ill qurckly charge . . . therv Dl - 4, VOLT 2 . E M g _ & i Q P g L
lowly discfaarge through R. :
Zeners- can als protect voltage
Store: a charge to keep a sensitive :componerits and; provide '
stor turned off or on. a conyenient reference _voltage.l

3... Stor.e_.a__charge_to_be_dumpd_
ircugh a flashtube or LD in a TfiHT~FWTTTN5~DTQDTS"
i.s.t_and_pow.erful_pulse..
. LEDs_.emJLt_.green.,, yellow. red or
ir. you substitute capacitors? .in.r.a_rjed_wben_tarwajLd_b_iased. A'
s _changirig. .1-.h . s e r i e s__r.e s.lsi o r should be used to
L_a_..cpa.cirQr_ia%_or_ everL_J.Q-0% limit current to less than the _
i. 11 not cause, a mal f uncjt ion. , maximum al.lo.wed_: '
:t_circui_ opertio-n_niay.- be
Lf ected. In...a_tiiulng_circujLt > i cc
T TT'~!
>r_ example, increasing_the JJ.C-UT
_the_timing_ capacitor_
.11_ increase_the_.tirning_ period.. -Example..;.. Vfc-Ep-Qf. red
5_the_capacj.tors_in_a T-FP i c T 7 vr>11-g-- For
V/
.equency_resporise., Be._.s B tO /^ (LF-D of 10 TnA at
e _th_prpper_vQ.lt.age _r at in.g_
nq , R =
t^ worry_about..-the_ifer--
.ce_between_0 .4 7_and-
 Infrare LEDs are much more Incidentally, :a date code' aav no t
powerful than visible LEDs be present ,_but_other numbers ma
but their radiation is tota1- be...and the date_ode is not
_ly_ invisible. Use them for ways below the device_number:
object. detector s and comrnuni-
cators..
| 7Alf DATf r^pe xv__>az.o
IKANSISIDRS " 2.1 M L CD*OWrBC
WM54.CBW
In this notebook, transistors
are used as simple amplifiers 2JIHL t10i,.
and switches that turn _on _LED_s_.
Any general purpose switchinq
transistors vill work _yo u_can _af^.rj
_ t he Jc i n d _ _ . _ _ _ _
IBTfioSlEDICIRCUils: cerv store) . CAUTIQN; Never
store_MQS/CMOS ICs in ordinary
Since an IC is a complete cir- jorircpn.ductive_B.lastic . See p. 12^
cuit or. a silicon chip, you
_: mcst observe ali operat-.inq r
_! strictions. Reversed polarity.
excessiye supply voltaae and
sourcing or sinking too: much.: _ Bui l d your circuite on a
current can destroy an IC. Be _less
sure to pav close attention to anA fi n^ j Therr ipake p]
the location of the power sup-: nc>nti ver s i on s-, l ParHoJ
plyipins! ; Most ICs are:pack- i-ir: modular
i
aged in 8..14.or 16 pin:plastic idgal.
t DlPs fDual^Jn-line Packages)..
A notch or- circle^j.s _n_ear^^pin 1;
Rt_rows
t-irms and snap rails_fnr_^fl_tAflgb^J^3L_
sockets tcigether. ' Parts 'an : wires_
r n be.inserted direc^ly-^-iatot-h
e>cz i n

For permanent
Shack PC boards. Cataloq numbers_
276-024 and 276-151 are ideal for
simple IC projects. Use larger
_hp TC is right slde universal PC boards for more com-
in l plex projects (276-152 & 276-157)
You can cut them into smaller
PfcCT sections with a nibbler tool_o.r_
r/to-2-0 small sav. : ' ' '

' ! \H !3 17 U 10 9 8 J I prefer to use wrajaping vire j-cr

; f N^ -^ IC pro-ject.s. Inseri: wrappinq sock:
i
(y j MO? ets in board and ntake connections
with a ; Wire-Wrappina tool (sTOCh_as.
r ' ' : 276-1570 L, Applv wiappir e
x~\ ^ ^,w ' P 7i 7 ft M ' ' directly to leacs of transistors_ J
i ' : 0 / ' : ; : -resistors , etc. anc r_J-Ti
: i . ^1 1 2 3 M 5 (a -j ; i i ! 'place . ' ! ! 1 j ! ^

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c^^M^^^LVe^S1^'^' IPREVENTrSTAJlC.DISCHARGEC:
l.___KJ E V R _ STORE_ MOS_ IC*S_ IM
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VW1UI OCCUR. AUOM1NUM- Fftll^ SMEET-. . OR _ TRAY WHEW
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MO&. CHIPS, OO- NfftUSE AAi-
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THE BASIC. ' CMOSi &UILDIMG : 6LOCK . < ! ' ! Jb^~H i
1 CH/P .. ! /*AOE ; APPLICATIONS. THAN TTL - . - ! : ! ! i : , j !
7^OO/ 7HLSOO' QUAD NANO GATE.. . < 1 . 1 , ,
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f*-f\> /VI ^-tt-~T~T~^

CONTROL GATE -! A O OUT
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