Basics
Who: Nugu / Dugu
What : Mwoyeyo (pronunciation: moh-eh-yo)
When : Onje (pronunciation: on-jay)
Where: Odi (pronunciation: oh-dee)
Why: Wey (pronunciation: way)
How: Otoke (pronunciation: oh-toh-kay)
Family/ People
Ommoni (pron: oh-mo-ni): Mom
Aboji (pron: ah-boh-gee): Dad
Haraboji (pron: hara-boh-ji): Grandfather
Halmoni (pron: hal-moh-ni): Grandmother
When (young siblings or close friends) speak to older siblings/friends:
Hyung : Older brother (if youre male)
Noona: Older sister (if youre male)
Oppa: Older brother (if youre female) Used between siblings and friends, but between people
who are not related, it can carry a romantic connotation.
Unni : Older sister (if youre a female)
When (older siblings or close friends) speak to younger siblings/friends:
Dong-sang (pron: dohng-san) * refers to a blood sibling or close friend, whom you treat as a younger
sibling. Dongsang applies to both genders, but its opposites are gender-specific (see hyung, oppa,
and unni).
Ajumma (pron: ah-ju-mah) *A middle-aged woman. Can be used for a close friend of the family, or
a stranger. Can be made more formal as ajumoni.
Ajusshi (pron: ah-ju-she) *A middle-aged man. Can be used for a close friend of the family, or a
stranger.
Love and Marriage
Sarang-he (pron: sah-rahng-hey): I love you
Bianeyo (pron: m/bi-ah-nay-oh): Im sorry
Panji (pron: pahn-jee): Ring
Namja (pron: nahm-jah): Man
Yobo (pron: yoh-boh): Honey (term used for spouses only)
Rich/Poor topics
Agasshi (pronunciation: aga-she): Young lady
Napayo (pronunciation: na-pa-yo): Bad
Chaebol (pronunciation: chay-bowl): Rich family (who owns a conglomerate) *A list of real life SK
chaebol families here. Note Sameung and LG.
Numeral Sino-Korean (China System) Native Korean (Korea System)
1 (il) (hana)
2 (i) (dul)
3 (sam) (set)
4 (sa) (net)
5 (o) (daseot)
6 (yuk) (yeoseot)
7 (chil) (ilgop)
8 (pal) (yeodeol)
9 (gu) (ahop)
10 (ship) (yeol)
11 (shipil) (yeolhana)
12 (shipi) (yeoldul)
13 (shipsam) (yeolset)
14 (shipsa) (yeolnet)
15 (shipo) (yeoldaseot)
16 (shipnuk) (yeolyeoseot)
17 (shipchil) (yeolilgob)
18 (ship-pal) (yeolyeodeol)
19 (shipgu) (yeolahop)
20 (iship) (seumul)
Numeral Sino-Korean (China System) Native Korean (Korea System)
30 (samship) (seoreun)
40 (saship) (maheun)
50 (oship) (swin)
60 (yukship) (yesun)
70 (chilship) (ilheun)
80 (palship) (yeodeun)
90 (guship) (aheun)
100 (baek)
200 (ibaek)
300 (sambaek)
400 (sabeak)
500 (obeak)
600 (yukbaek)
700 (chilbaek)
800 (palbaek)
900 (gubaek)
1000 (cheon)
2000 (icheon)
3000 (samcheon)
4000 (sacheon)
5000 (ocheon)
Numeral Sino-Korean (China System) Native Korean (Korea System)
6000 (yukcheon)
7000 (chilcheon)
8000 (palcheon)
9000 (gucheon)
10 000 (man)
20 000 (iman)
30 000 (samman)
40 000 (saman)
50 000 (oman)
60 000 (yukman)
70 000 (chilman)
80 000 (palman)
90 000 (guman)
100 000 (shipman)
1 000 000 (baekman)
10 000 000 (cheonman)
100 000 000 (ileok)
1 000 000 000 (shibeok)
10 000 000 000 (baekeok)
100 000 000 000 (cheoneok)
The two systems are used at different times and for different purposes. One system
will be used at a given time, depending on the purpose of communication. The only
exception where the two systems are mixed is for telling time. We say the hours
using the Korea System and the minutes using the China System!
The China System is used for time (minutes), units of time, the names of months,
money, saying phone numbers, measurements, and so much more!
Also, since the Korean System only goes up to 99, its used for any number 100 or
greater by default. Its a very useful system!
On the other hand, the Korea System is used for counting things and people, age,
time (hours) and for counting in general!
nyeon for year;
weol for month;
il for day;
ojeon for a.m.; ohu for p.m.;
si for hour;
bun for minute; and
cho for second.
1. : to come
2. : to drink
3. : to eat
4. : to give
5. : to go
6. : to hear
7. : to learn
8. : to make
9. : to sit
10. : to sleep
11. : to wash
12. : to write
13. : to cry
14. : to have
15. : to laugh
16. : to see
17. : to get up
18. : to walk
19. : to dance
20. : to meet
21. : to study
22. : to drive
23. : to buy
24. : to read
25. : to order
26. : to wear
27. : to take (picture)
28. : to wear (hat, eyewear)
29. : to wear (shoes, socks, footwear)
30. : to borrow, lend
31. : to telephone
32. : to talk, speak
33. : to teach
34. : to wait
35. : to call, dial
36. : to clean
37. : to ride
38. : to exit
39. : to enter
40. : to ask
41. : to need
42. : to help
43. : to open
44. : to close
45. : to work
46. : to rest
47. : to exercise
48. : to think
49. : to know
50. : to not know
51. : to cook
52. : to boil
53. : to chop, slice
54. : to deep fry
55. : to measure, weigh
56. : to mix, blend
57. : to roast, grill, bake
58. : to fry
59. : to steam
60. : to stir
61. : to do
62. : to have
63. : to not have
64. : to talk, chat
65. : to practice
66. : to ask
67. : to pay
68. : to live
69. : to die
70. : to be born
71. : to love
72. : to like
73. : to hate, dislike
74. : to marry
75. : to congratulate
76. : to worry
77. : to promise
78. : to lie
79. : to confess
80. : to be sorry
81. : to find, to look for
82. ; to prepare
83. : to have
84. : to remember
85. : to dream
86. : to start
87. : to finish
88. : to send
89. : to use
90. : to sell
91. : to fight
92. : to answer
93. : to introduce
94. : to depart
95. : to arrive
96. : to undress, take off clothes
97. : to win, defeat
98. : to lose, be defeated
99. : to hurry, rush
100. : to fall in love
Grilled Foods
English Hangul Pronunciation
barbecued beef bulgogi
broiled beef tripe and chitterlings yang gobchang-gui
broiled eel jangeo-gui
broiled short ribs galbi-gui
grilled chicken dak-gui
grilled fish saengseon-gui
grilled side of pork samgyeopsal-gui
grilled sirloin deungshim-gui
grilled tenderloin ansihm-gui
grilled toduk root deodeok-gui
broiled flatfish gajami-gui
seasoned and grilled yellow dried pollack hwangtae-gui
broiled Spanish mackerel samchi-gui
Kimchi Types
English Hangul Pronunciation
chopped radish kimchi ggakdugi
ponytail kimchi chonggak kimchi
red water kimchi nabak kimchi
rolled kimchi bossam kimchi
summer green water kimchi yeolmumul kimchi
white cabbage kimchi baek kimchi
whole cabbage kimchi baechu kimchi
winter white water kimchi dong chimi
Meat Dishess
English Hangul Pronunciation
barbecued beef bulgogi
broiled short ribs galbi-gui
ginseng chicken soup samgye-tang
grilled side of pork samgyeopsal-gui
grilled sirloin deungshim-gui
grilled tenderloin ansihm-gui
Korean sausage sundae
chicken tongdak
beef boiled in soy jangjorim
pork hock jokbal
variety vegetable wrap with rice and meat bossam
slices of boiled pork pyeonyuk
seasoned shredded beef yukhoe
Noodle Dishes
English Hangul Pronunciation
buckwheat noodles with clear chicken soup makguksu
buckwheat noodles with raw fish hoe naengmyon
cold noodles in soup naengmyeon
hot spicy noodles jjolmyeon
handmade noodles kalguksu
Japanese noodles udong
mixed vegetables with noodles japchae
noodles in soy bean water naengkongguksu
ramyon ramyeon
spicy buckwheat noodles bibim naengmyon
watery buckwheat noodles mul naengmyon
wheat flour noodles guksu
noodle casserole guksu jeongol
buckwheat noodles memil guksu
Rice Dishes
English Hangul Pronunciation
five-grain rice ogokbap
fried rice bokgeumbap
kimchi fried rice kimchi bokkeumbap
mixed vegetables on rice bibimbap
rice wrapped in seaweed gimbap
sizzling vegetables on rice dolsot bibimbap
stir-fried octopus nakji bokkeumbap
rice ball jumukbap
broiled scorched rice nurungji bap
boiled rice mixed with vegetables dolsotbap
boiled rice with various nutritious ingredients yeongyang bap
Seafood Dishes
English Hangul Pronunciation
broiled eel jangeo-gui
grilled fish saengseon-gui
broiled Spanish mackerel samchi-gui
seasoned and grilled yellow dried pollack hwangtae-gui
broiled flatfish gajami-gui
hot spicy fish soup maeun-tang
octopus stew nakji-jeongol
stir-fried octopus nakji bokkeum
blue crab marinated in soy sauce ganjang gejang
spicy bai top shells with mixed vegetables golbaengi muchim
blue crab stew kkotge-tang
abalone porridge jeonbok juk
mixed raw skate and vegetables with seasoning hongeohoemuchim
boiled down hairtail galchi jorim
Herbs & Vegetables
English Hangul Pronunciation
bellflower root salad doraji namul
boiled and seasoned bean sprouts kong namul
eggplant steamed or fried gaji namul
mung bean sprouts salad sukju namul
parboiled fern bracken salad gosari namul
scientific name: Ligularia fischeri chwi namul
summer squash pan fried or braised hobak namul
acorn jelly dotorimuk
Soups
English Hangul Pronunciation
bean sprout soup kongnamul-guk
chilled cucumber soup oinaeng-guk
dried pollack soup bukeoguk
dumpling soup mandu-guk
ginseng chicken soup samgye-tang
hot spicy fish soup maeun-tang
potato soup gamja-tang
seafood soup haemul-tang
blue crab stew kkotge-tang
hot spicy stew soup yukgaejang
knuckle bone soup dogani-tang
loach and bean paste soup chueo-tang
ox bone and stew meat stock soup seolleong-tang
ox short rib soup galbi-tang
ox tail soup ggori gom-tang
spicy fish egg soup altang
rice cake soup ddeok-guk
sea mustard in chilled vinegar water miyeoknaeng-guk
sea mustard soup miyeok-guk
stew meat and tripe soup gom-tang
sunrise soup haejang-guk
boiled chicken stuffed with rice and ginseng dakbaeksuk
Stews
English Hangul Pronunciation
army base stew budae-jjiggae
bean paste stew doenjang-jjigae
beef and vegetable stew sogogi-jeongol
fairy casserole shinseollo
fast fermented bean paste stew cheonggukjang-jjiggae
kimchi stew kimchi-jjiggae
octopus stew nakji-jeongol
raw bean curd stew sundubu-jjigae
seasoned entrails and vegetable stew gopchang-jeongol
beef rib and octopus casserole gallak jeongol
kimchi casserole kimchi jeongol
short rib stew galbi-jjim
Stir-fried/Fried Foods & Pancakes
English Hangul Pronunciation
kimchi fried rice kimchi bokkeum
sauteed mushroom salad beoseot bokkeum
stir-fried octopus nakji bokkeum
flat cake buchimgae
pancake with welsh onion pajeon
potato pancake gamjajeon
pan-fried meat gogijeon
pan-fried kimchi with flour kimchi jeon
green-bean (lentil) pancake bindaeduk
Snacks
English Hangul Pronunciation
dumplings mandu
Korean sausage sundae
rice wrapped in seaweed gimbap
stir fried rice cake tteokbokki
pancake stuffed with brown sugar, cinnamon, and nuts etc hoduk
deep fried foods tuigim
deep fried dough stuffed with vegetables and others goroke
deep fried sweet potato with syrup mattang
Western Dishes
English Hangul Pronunciation
pork cutlet donkkaseu
chicken cutlet chikinkkaseu
fish cutlet saengsunkkaseu
lobster badagajae
hamburger made with bulgogi meat Bulgogi Burger
beef cutlet beefggaseu
rice with shrimp and mozzarella cheese saeu doria
curry and rice kareraiseu
mushroom gratin beoseotgeuratang
Chinese Dishes
English Hangul Pronunciation
stir-fried noodles with chinese bean sauce jajangmyeon
spicy seafood noodle soup jjambbong
sweet and sour pork tangsuyuk
stir-fried pimento with meat and vegetables gochu japchae
fried meat dumplings gunmandu
fried chicken with garlic sauce kkanpunggi
stir-fried minced meat balls with mixed vegetables nanjawanseu
steamed chinese rolls kkotppang
fried shrimp with chili sauce kkanso saeu
stir-fried chicken with hot sauce rajogi
stir-fried mixed seafood and vegetables ryusanseul
stir-fried tofu with minced meat in hot sauce mapa dubu
stir-fried rice with egg and vegetables bokeumbap
stir-fried rice with seafood samseon bokeumbap
udon with seafood samseon udong
noodle soup with mixed seafood in hot sauce samseon jjamppong
pried shrimp balls saeu wanja
shark's fin shark's fin
cold vegetable dish yangjangpi
omelet with rice omelet rice
stir-fried noodles with vegetables and rice japchaebap
stir-fried mixed seafood with rice japtangbap
rice with Chinese bean sauce jjajangbap
sauteed mixed seafood palbochae
Japanese Dishes
English Hangul Pronunciation
shabu shabu syabeusyabeu
dried laver with vinegar rice gimchobap
sushi saengseon chobap
vinegar rice in a piece of fried bean curd yubuchobap
boiled rice topped with eel jangeo deopbap
sashimi sasimi
sukiyaki Seukkiyakki
rice topped with fish eggs albap
boiled fish paste casserole and rice with side dishes odeng jeongol
Drinks
English Hangul Pronunciation
beer maekju
Korean distilled liquor soju
wine podoju
raw rice wine makkoli
clear soda pop Saida
black tea hongcha
green tea nokcha
sweet drink made from fermented rice shikhye
fruit punch made of honey sujeonggwa
ice coffee naengcofi
ice flakes with syrup bingsu
General Words for Foods
English Hangul Pronunciation
rice bap
rice cake duk
bread bbang
cookie gwaja
soup juk
soup guk
stew tang
stew jjige
kimchi kimchi
herbs or wild greens namul
fish sengseon
meat gogi
beef so-gogi
pork degigogi
chicken tak-gogi
grilled pancake chon
rice topped with other ingredients dob-bap
rice served in soup kook-bap
steamed dish jjim
stew jeongol
hard-boiled food jorim
raw fish hoe
tea cha
alcoholic drink sul
dried laver kim
brown seaweed miyeok
kelp dasima
http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/wp-content/arts-files/korean/assets/my-korean/my-korean2-1st-
ed.pdf
http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/wp-content/arts-files/korean/assets/my-korean/my-korean1-2nd-
ed.pdf
