0% found this document useful (0 votes)
495 views644 pages

心理学与生活

心理学与生活

Uploaded by

M.K W
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
495 views644 pages

心理学与生活

心理学与生活

Uploaded by

M.K W
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 644
(eae kno 2 | 2 a eke Ce a a Vee Ne, p Atsusaset QC Re ee eS AE Se 15 KB a (2) BSS - 42H TAY: RES a Ef RR SE g AC BRinIS He Ei: POSTS & TELECOM PRESS Pelt feniRea Al (CHP) RHR ATBAE SHEA “(Be HEME (Gervigt, RJ.) GE)2RELS (Zimbardo, P.G. )¥s EM ERA. AER: ARGH TRE: 2003.10 ISBN 7-115~11130-8 1. Ti QE IL. ao NB 84 of EAS ER 45 fie CLP ete (2003) 5 091084 Richard J-Gerrig and Philip G. Zimberdo Poyehology and Life, 16th Edition ISBN 0~ 205 - 33511 Copyright © 2002 by Richard J.Gorrg and Philip G. Zimbardo, Inc Al rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without write permission from the publisher ACHP SCT ASSEN A RLRISES,HYIEREAM Allyn and Bacon, A Pearson Education Company @r# tH hit. AZ Te RAE ASAT 5 AS ALAA TIE SBE Aw) eH TBI = ACB IEMIAT Pearson Education 270i PPR, FDR HATHA » Te scr RELIG BH HL KIC 01 - 2002 ~ 6648 NLT AY BBLS. BES EIR (HF 16 ME) o* CR) Bett BAL RES ik EeERE mM hw Berea tm © ABUL ATRL MEAE ty tone KOC MeO 14 AE H6% 100061 LFARFE 31S@pepresscom.en FAL hep: /Awwr. paps. com.cn Ls (AABEAEDOLO 64982639 (HPE)O10-64983206 oor ECD ED iE BE © FA: 850x102 16 BK: 40.5 MAE: 16 Fs 1266FF 2003 46 10 ANKE — 205 HE 2 AAR 8 ETAL BRE MBIC MF.01- 2002-6648 ISBN 7~115~ 11130-87424 FEA: 88.003, ARCATA, A TAILEER MiB. (010)61983296 jn. nn ae lh FARA PAM EDR OE BK, GA, RRAMSPHRMSER HAH OMS HAAMH, KER PMRRET, RELIG ANH, PHAACRE, HEROES HORA hb. ATH SATs ORL, i, ARSE ES AL? AS ARR MAM HHT ABA HIE Aen? ARSENE, CESPAR ERE TA ARTA EDI Sh LTA MMR ART ABA MET EEA At HOM RRRL ORY AMAT AMR MKS? AMAR REAM BT RRL LAL A1 BAP? AWA HR ARNT ATA RAT BORED HAMS LRN Ae : KHMER E CMERP RT PREETI, Hie, A EBA ERE ETA AAR? ALES RPMTARTLSTE AH? SREB? HRASOMEMREM. AMR BOR STALE AMRF ORK ORR? LPR S RG, wb Rate? PER ROG. REORTTAHRR PRAT AAT WE AMAA ERA RRA HAW RR? ATS FI, CLARA? RHRK HOMER. AKT te ARIPO ATH HEARD THEM THAT ASR ARIM NT BRAT EI AH Lie? RAAARE ROEHL, SRB Rite RAK Hi EAT ROEM LE, ARTA ERA RO RS, RK a RR? LHALACRE, FHGCHAG HEM. ADR MES BOR to 8 Ht Bet Be A FA? FA MARRAM EAHA RAY AW ed, BR I RIO RAI ot te A eo ielhe eel ol Rilke nm Al PERE A RIA? RARER ORERK MH, AEMROEAS PATA NTA HTK SMR EAM CR PAN SAM ER? RR AS MACE RAM, SHEE A RAR PO EE RM RAST IHR S2OB? BHMMASAMMERORDRAB 2 AOSTA? RR OR FEA, AMEMRRERNT WREDAR EGE HEY ERURRAA WAY BMA WM EERE REGAN MOAT? RRA ROEM. BM BTURB EGR, BARA M EMA Mh, PACED, BECOME RERTOR $m! HARM, BRA SAM: RRM LH, SRHLA, RREALR, ORFEPERRAT RRRHLRAAE, WH, STRBSAMRAB MRAM AA RR, Ae RH AK EAT RAW NR, BE-AREM AAS THER PRA DCRR EMH, TART oe! H¢OTS WOFRETAR, B20 HOH Pt, CHPOR BM TAD. EFAWED, 3000 F APA CEEEORN, THAR SEH OSEMEEBETA: SREERERLERAR REFERERS, FEE RARER E THR S-RORF, RENEW IER REE AR ZAM ORE RAR TOR ERE A-PREIU MEER LAMY. AOCLERSH ER. 1900 FE KH ASE CRE Aa) REG A CORE MIE) HR 8. INT EAAKAERET HORAN SORE RE, 20K 20-40 FREAHS-HEDHE RK FOACREREM AAPM RET HE. br 2 vases A BL oo ED, A AE 20 EE Hob A — KYMMH FORT RARE ES RHA, RA POMCREARTN. KRFKLE, POOBE BMX, BH IOKRRE 20 FHA, ROTH APATAASHRAHHM, BHOARLORS RWAE LEN N O KH, RIOFMH ISH! CF HAH, ADCRP MARE, LAT EAA DHARORAM, CEFARAAH HEA AARDCRER AMER RPL RR FHL, HHRHEARS (OME 5 4B) (Peychology and Life) = ¥ HH BMAF SEM HH, BEEN GK ES RO CAD BAR, A ETS HHH CRE ORES ARHEESS RE, URRE SERS SE (O22 (General Paychology) i fA HRA Bt. Kwik, LAKHS, ARR, ERAS EC RERA SO RRT ANH ERA ST fe, REG RARART MORES ACHR Siete! SASHKRAARAROHSAA AERA H, SABLA VAG TUAAMAH, ALTA CHRD SAARHAEH HALE, HSHKO FREE ERR SERRARE—-BR, AAR TAKER, KARL AERO M RAPALA, PRROCHEESAAAR Ho GLRER (URES) AARAMEER HEL. ASK 1000 4 3 AE RL Iw A a AE RSAPHRES HL HER MORES EB) Ske (OMESS ED, HAAALAGMEK He SMORE RAMA, HORE A A, ROR — RR, RL AK 2001 FRM AM — DES hE ea RAR SERA, APM T AM SERA fe A TR, FEE Re, HT Bob A. OAT Ae I BH RR 20024, RHA, URSELAHMM, S5 Ba HL BRT He JLRS Hy, aT a KERHMKTRI, CARATATORRS AWE, TR, RBBRHORERH, LEM AREUMRELHERS HH, AR, COOMA SED ama At eh ME Zt LARAECMERWH-RAMIA, URHACR FRELED RH AM I, 2003FK, RARK EH PRT SS, SRSA IB RR BR WS, OLB, RA ay MOE ak aT RK Ae ME FoR 6 AAT A a Ot AO RAK, REARHATOLAMEE, HHRE BRRREB LH. ARK, i HORS OWT. RHR SARS. BAAR X, KERETRARR HME, HH 20034 2 AER AOHMENK, —RHKTE, HE WAI ODR RA. RA AH RRA Re, Hae fy AR HY AD OL A AH NE He th fe Rm RASS AAR RUR A: WO, SHA, H, SEAR IR, AM, HOR, Hi BAF, ROHR, BSH, HERR: HOE, KIRK, HIE, AHHKR: HB *, KERMA, FOR, KEWMRR: 10 H, HMMA, WH, MAAR, 12 *, NRA, BIH, ERK, Bie, Ee EM, RISK, HMA, HOR, Rae HR: ITH, KTRAAK, BSH, KAKA Rt, AGARARERDESOGS KE, HH ERWLACEER MHS ARAM, BARR OO Ete TA a a ab RHE HE, RH NAL ah MT FH ARERR BRA HAE, ARAL BERG RRA RLERT HSC, EEG HL AB AH th eB AHURA AE HMAC RA AM, ANH IRAE HERR AT RAH TRAM, ze AAR MER REE RAMRSFROBFRPRIRRRTE 2003 #10 AFA EAE inate HELO MEAL AG EAE OEP Aw — SE oP 8 A Pile ear eRe he A AE TE PEE Be Be) Me AT AAAS OF, ALA HGH RLM: AOL MNT HL, EPA RSA SHEN JAM A. PRA A POPE MNO TEC MON AACA, CARER OF AMPLE UC AERA AE A RRA A AA & SPENT A AEH PO XE TNS ART POPE, REALL ARITA See MEARE HEARS SEE” (pop prychology) «RAEI EAE THEA GEER eet ae a 4 OB — HB REA A SRILA AR AIA A A TL Wie MEE, ABA EAL ABEL Ay MD AT AE fii. OME SEHR) BA SSM — ZI FRAT EL RRS AE ARRAS, HEAT AL PARAL EET AE OA AAS BIOORG I AH SAAR. 5a fai, SAS tt OA TS Ce AG, a HE I A A ie EHH. COSTER) E16 BULARALIE «PRLS (Philip Zimbardo) RIA A + RELA (Richard Gersig) 1958 = 00 He. ROTZ TUL A A EO FART DORE 11S SSE DADO ME 5 ROE CODEC URLS, AEP REF A te OS ME SRC MATE LAR MTEL AH + He REO UC KC AR AA «PRE an RIUM ANE. AP ARES «MLA AAT COREE SEI) THLE TAMER MMAR, TIE ECE IRU I EM YLT ea HR A ob ASE A SB, Gk NET LAE — HR IE inde, COR STH) OIA TRAT RATERS: RATED DCM AEOR EEIT EL RE AORTA. AR BE CML AA ACS OE GO A 16 RE A AT A ike te nt |. obama iam a “DBE TE OBESE) BNF AER ORE IIR TL PUMA RA. IRR MME, EEA (aR — eA et ON EA EP A SET LAR, AERO RT Sere mimARHaI? ” Oo RSARA RMB WIT (Pre): AMSETREM near © KEARNS RGAE TIT ORUMALE LRA EER RET. UA BOE AHARREL ET Oo DRAMKARICA A, REBEL AT GEAR TAR TOME A, ME AL BL A TP SHEDS. COMBI EiS) SO Feet am Pe AAT AOA AE Sr Or. Dc, ARAB EES CE JTBE, PIMISRE REDE cee A HA 2 "sin araee aoae2e CUBE SHES) PI Fn EAE OA OEE EARLE A ah, EA ARTA LOY A TIRE ROS), AATCC A Se A LT a TSR. TORR ORR, RRR SU A A EAT. HOTA He SE TE TA ‘Ref AEE fA PPA HS A sued 9 HAASE ANA? AT AS AA HT ME UAE Ret? SRA ALAR BIN AT AR OUBEREARTA, BALE ARORA SL, MMH UT A I BLL SE a AF FS FY LE MERIT “RINAOTIMR” EE, te Reo Be AS a AE ARE HS ET Ri, RATA ARTI SBE” MOE ENR ME “Aes Ac 09 “aie RMR RANT AI 07" “a A AU Rs” — ee A 2 ome5es ammanee ennnnskone Fa tane BRINE, nero " cenmnrmamenne® ‘eo we Ct auasenes pays 981 9 Pinks s yeR LERNER rene snea Saatg mae, axenne, seene rae saranan eeeenSEA,, Srecearereme ones ae FEAR Oa, MAMmGARARDORT ES wexnsrane0vson' 1, gee on er EAT fog emcme nee. RMT AMIE, MARCA Ar 200. “AITTN ATI BE” HOT. ARIE AW SRE MN IERIE — PE SEO BUR OTRHC ER, AIL, RAT EM bm SEIOURMAICIE TTD. FRA BR Se ABE LP A I SLE PEL. NAP em eo 9 AOA. MAMI, MRAM aA UL FRA LF OEE A "oy tice UE Fi 21 HAE eR, ARAN F A Ses OL Ae 4 PRA ft —$ 4 eA ke Def i TF DL BA AR A EE AL TAC: AEE, UR TAMIA. HT et ROE Om tk REY OOM EIR) RTA #2, RUD ZIy “21 HERE CED RE ARR, SrA ROEM REM, “HORNE BOLI? ARR” ACRES BRE” 5 BA 21 HEL A CE eS AB TE EE ‘Cee A iF PR “Uni escbeuUE PRAT AE LA FL LNA RR PR ATE SST, HE ELIRAT IEA MT AS RE, HE a tesa euseagen eener panraaeenad, enbe Rete aaa) Fe niet Tati haceoaeet ae 4. eneene’ eee eaTR-+RER . Fat 100 FRE 3 nnean M aeient er RRGMPERERER at \ ateeses a0 -ssenel acne esaTeePe a wennnanee mans RANT 8 webhinn eoeraee enmarmmn et € Ci icawaweace £8 RASEES OD srbe Eiaaene qmunsaraemnnenn SRORE TT asmas SOREERS TSS) Veaceneneomas 30 3 SU Sana en ‘| nesceet nemetne Clanasawnnnouss 14%! eyacenen aomgee SUggearsnaszene E80 S Svanh qeenegenenesees f.akaneT 7 STee ee ge. end seen tAMne ee es Sa R AR ARR ORM AM panees. anne] fraeenTant he comeea me (RR RARITIES OO. FUT Hii: ARR, ASR NTA TEA 2 fhe Hd A. PLP ROE” CRANE ABS. a AK OER, BRAM LAI “Itt AR aE?” CLLR). ULI Amr” OBO HE). “MAAS ILE? "COB 18). RINT FE WRIT AN LL OF ALTE HH BS LT Eo I EAT SENT RAI I. RATA BA A OO ESET) TEMHY LAME OR UNAS eo ETE aT A ASO EE AI (RP AT a LT NARA TE 19), SA A A EB J — TP a ik, AY LAE SAR) ALPE HA (C32) REY A 1 9 RE ETE 018) eT A EAR. ATE AAT A A FU SERA MALU Ue. ARTE AE — A RENE ACF SEIT RITA Or MSI SOCAN A HE — EAI} Be SEA FL A 8) — pA HD DCE 10 HE). RATE MATURE RE RA 8 A PATER TRE ME IR — PAB TA PAAR, RAT Me) — AE He PRCA FPA, GE SETH) Ref AMOR AT. Atl, RRA OR ATT HK APSA ON 4 He) AUR, OBS AE) 9 RAMEE (SE AB TABULA SB UE AR HS TA XL, RCL A ERROR IDR, Sete AC AE NSE. AAPM, ARATOR AT A Bete Seid AR C17 RE) LRA Se OL PURI (18). HER LMR OUEST (BE RAO RAT eR EEL 0 RATAN SHEN TEST TM, MORTEM RE sa UE AAPA TEI 09 m . nt COMP SETS) DURA RARE. IT ARE AT DUR SRAM TAT 5 3 16 AAR She BT RELA, RITA TCE frets © HERR. GRIT MATE, HRSA BRAG PEE. RRA IA Ae Ae RE REDE AZE He RV — AEA EMEA WL) (Helen Keller) 08) HR AYLEREACI) (The Story of My Life) UIE — A (98 2 Colin Turnbull EHH. MRA A Ot, EMMY, BERRA ALS eM ae AO TE RC EA IB HITE ARERR TE. OLA re, RINE ASTER Ba, BUTE SRR ET AR, AA BB 3 aH ARE. SUR ME Boh Ra det HE ELAE 5 — RAR, CARE LOL ‘sR. O HEM ELABA, RTEHEMT —THERUT BR ne se A Ae HAT BT eee A OR th HI PEO Soh, ATOR TL SNE GRADS" Set ARBAB a PRT BRL LTE ZI, Re SAE TED DLS DR MER EC MAN 300 SL aM YAS MRT BORE AEM. RAT EDR AEE EP fo, A. RRMA. COMMA HEHE) A 9S 16 ARRAN TAH AM Ne REO TE 5 BR ATRRIR AEA RE ASME OE AURA ABA ie BAe RAAT, 18 SAAR ORI, UAT ATH, RRMA RA HATTA 5 ARATE SAB Ty LL a I OS 4 omeses RAM TRACT EC Hy te AU Hb fee eh, AAR 16 HE CORE SH) ATT EL OOS HE A. SRT PRI me a BL (8 1 ST FE A EA OOPS ATMS THA. RU. COMES GR) SAAT HEAT Hit) (RALOAMED (Discovering Peychology) LCRA, 3 SEERA, ARH — AES. tL RAL ED RAHM. G4 26 PME NAT TART, DBR POLS RLSM, HEAT HULA, CCA ELAS ADEM, me PK MR ALM I 799, EL Ee — Sete RC eae "HEME © RTA MATE (culture coverage) B LAL, HE A. OMEN 1 Re, RAIMA Ta sete EO, ERE LOTMA ENE, C98 13 HE, A RE AT eH A i SE. IB AH, “1 HE” RTO Tm PAO ERLE TS o RINSE TRAM OMS RRO M. 3 MOET AE MRT AEE CAIN. RATE BEALE AEA HOTTER. Ban, 12 HE, RITE TAT JOR HEME Z ER NTE. 0°21 HEGRE” RUC ME TAA ANSE ROREIA. NN, HES La REO, ARTI T Ce HL RAR LO) “ATE ALR". AAO (19, FER U7 He, RATS FA ETM MARTA eM Moe ETH. OK HA Kc ME BA AF EH a ML DSM, BDSM —IV—TR. St dh, BRATS IM TA OE MERIAL CA PIO SFO. AE 2N se aE FRETS UR RB” OM OH IS WE), Va ELE ET Ine AAR C8 16 ®) © RTM TRAM, Isa ELL At IAS CR 10H). FRIES HARARE MARA AM COB 1), Se ee URE A — WE MECEK AIEEE OUI RER EL BBA, ab STORET UO ATURE RRA OL, EI BEATS, NT MURR OEE AT IRE Ep eM, AIOE RBM, RAT Tire ‘SrA PONY, As A © Instructor’ s Manual (#9644) . BAR MSL OMe FR 99 « AOA CLohn Boyd) HEH, SENT EL A He EA AR — AH Fra Sem. SERRE ae, PART LAR AM PUA RANE, LSTA ARORA STE, Re HORS AAU. AAAS MRL EE aka HOUMA, CLAREMORE EMEA © Test Bank (AR) ¢ PPLE University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth 92998 + AR (John Caru- so) ‘R148 2 000 Sil Rk ALAN. PRR TRI, RRL, Sent. MABE HE We CHIH, CAIRN) Ha IRL SS HAT AAS ML, @ Allyn and Bacon 2 Se 2 &R—it HAA th a ae (FT & Windows f¢ Macintosh F&M; DOS F & 7 PA) «Allyn and Bacon MIRA LRME AT IF Win- lows #1 Macintosh A BM0@ UTE Ss PT RAR BER SLES RH A EBLE CA HR, ET aH CLAS UE. BE aL a ea TAH, RL BOR ELS. UN ALR ESE IAT tA A AL NT AAR. ET SC, 81 A A a Bear HLL Ha © Allyn and Bacon Transparencies for Intraductry Peychol- ogy (SMEARS ITH), 2001. SAE CANNRET SAT Hm DS a AT ATRL We, AMRF ROE. @ Discovering Psychology Telecourse Videos ( © 4 % F) . MIRA RA EES PAE NHS, A048 26 BCH RA ha OAR, ATK Annenberg/CPB collection #3 942% JH UR 8%. 2001 SENG TT GHEE Aa BI SATO UR AS POLL: eR, CLLR AL He ORE HR BI He GOBLET IS) ASESEAN IE, Gk — UE NE HO See LE SRM DL RAIL SRR Bef £18. ATE 1-800 ~ LEARNER. © Discovering Prychology Telecourse Study Guide ( % HR RD tah). -CEMEI T AANT - OR EAL State University of New York (Stony Brook) A148 + SE SEM (Naney Franklin) 15 1 BC BRR 3 HA "ARR ELT RB AT AS. et RED A Rib, RETA, PHT ATR (OM, PN TOA, HLT ARTA HN. Ih, FUTBOL ELAR. BURIALS SEAR st AP OTRO, AARNE HE 1 2 Pe Hah, TURNS, RICA LTE. ABE BEM OO PISA. BUA AOTC ASE 3 MTABL Cm So a6) Halk © Discovering Psychology Telecourse Faculty Guide (8 $i% SEAI6 Ney). LER RR HIRE T CEU A Discovering Paychology 3X BERRA SF. ELIRINBE 4b BES) —H, SUBIR OL T Se REPUTE, MLA T RET a. RE OK, V1 AAUOETE: WRIT ITM. HE, AUT. ART HL NR EA OR CT OMIA TE A BIRT © Student Study Guide with Practice Tests (29% 348th USK A we) AAT OLR ARS) IE HB eam AY, CREATOR T te PNT a PBR a, ARIE, EAE EARL HLL “RABI A" = ARIE “aL Sep" AS, NE ae AL AP. GMB — He ANE” RRL, OL Be A A AT Be RUG, FUN SE T RT a MNO ITER. © ama, AUNTIE Eckerd College 997% HL Wf (Marjorie Hardy) 1750, 15 —AEAT 25 43 SG YE GL, (HC (1 AL ML a A BE OS SA AEA AT RS OT at © BH FIRE $4 Powerpoint RF AA CD-ROM. HK AREF AS — BH TER AG Sh 2 TA — A we 5 Rs SALE, RE BC 1S 8 CR A Ae EL Ls ADR ef) — EA REAM, RAUTUMAS MRR eT FAY SOHAL. Gk PEAR A a, TLLIA Imp: // ww. abacon. com/ ppt SEs OREAS, COMES EM) ORR MI TK wow, ablongman.com/gerrig Bt A . WTA Rh 2B ERLE T REO EAE DR ARABS EOD EL ARO MEH ALLISON RIE Hah, SAT. © Mind Matters 36:8 CD-ROM, BOA University of Michigan (42.8891 + #248 48 (James Hilton) Al West Virginia State College (2A 9 - WME (Charles Per- due) FFA, CART BEA RY. Se a CE ST WA, CARTER tele ATR #2 neat. Beh A, A He AH A a ete AT IS RA ZOE HETIIGRAR UO BERGE” 11 OK MAR AI eA —HEREAS. Mind Matters RBINICA AEA — PUB 8 A EAR AN Pe 4, BE A HR, 1, AREA CTR MOR TE. OE MIE A RESO LINN, CAIRNE EST ANNE © Paychology on the Net, 2002, ACRE TRABHE NE Fi SAMRAT URLs, ATLL BD ‘i IS LLM eI TEM IT © How to Think Straight about Peychology, % 6 Hho 3% AH 1 AE HL A PTE A, «SSL ‘(Keith Stanovich) $1519, “CM FH 4: dy te PED APE AR. SETURL A A HT He MR ‘SARL, © Diversity Activities for Peychology. AEA ER i « RIEH (Valerie Whitlesey) SAR, EAL T 4 ARERR A, AEDT TER LS ES RA AER ET ORR EEE, Bt SA AE LL AAR eA A A He © Ask Dr, Mikes Frequently Asked Questions about Psy~ chology. EATER. + WIRES A (Mike Atkinson) ft 52; BR, MLHBIL Poychology PlaceTM FAS MH FFAS EL “Ask Dr. Mike” Qf 86 BCP BMT 2 12 8 A GET RAW, JRO ATO ER MABE © Evaluating Psychological Information: Sharpening Your Critical Thinking Skills, 3 Mo Ba AEMBI « 5L R (James, Bell) SR 3A 6 5 BEE HT OYE: EMT his E ETE, HFA AR © Tools of Critical Thinking, XA MK TL + A+ RM (David A. Levy) UF 147 AE RCFE EO TST ETS, AER AE RMT TE SURE EU, © Handbook for Paychology. RAAT YE) 19-7 ih M6 + BARREL (Drew Appleby) 2%, PEE AROET A PRL, ON IEC te eC AAT EEL ALOR, © How tw Write Prychology Papers, 3 2 Hie SEM + Wi 48 (Les Parrott) (SESSA T APA FAN CS BESP HE SE. Be EI fk A eR RI, MLS IRA. RIS, GPE weenie. PRE Fe A SABE eT > PTD Dh, ARITA — ME CLES HR) AMAT RS HRA eel MS BH AC FA A Brenda Anderson, Susan Brennan, Edward Carr, Durbin, Nancy Franklin, William Horton, Donna Kat, Daniel Klein, Sheri Levy, Katelyn McKenna, Timothy Po- terion, Deborah Prentice, Supama Rajaram, David Rapp, Arthur Samuel, Pat Whitaker, LIS& Gregory Zelinsky. RUT B RAGIN FINAL MURA, ATE ide FASE FL FA A Be "35 16 EULA Lori L.Badura, State University of New York at Buffalo arty! K. Beale, Cerritos College James F, Callhoun, University of Georgia Charles F. Levinthal, Hofstra University Michael R. Markham, Florida Intemational University Brady J. Phelps, South Dakota State University “armenia A Robert M. Arkin, Ohio State University Gordon Aas, Alfred University N.Jay Bean, Vassar College Michael Bloch, University of San Francisco Richard Bowen, Layola University Mike Boyes, University of Calgary James Calhoun, University of Georgia ‘Timothy Cannon, University of Scranton John Caruso, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth Dennis Cogan, Texas Tech University Randolph R, Comelius, Vassar College Lawrence Dachowski, Tulane University Mark Dombeck, Idaho State University Vietor Duarte, Nowth Idaho College ‘Tami Egglesten, McKendree College Mark B. Fineman, Southern Connecticut State University Kathleen A. Flannery, Saint Anselm College Rita Frank, Virginia Wesleyan College Eugene H. Gallasciio, Clemson University Preston E. Caeraghty, Indiana University W. Lawrence Gulick, University of Delaware Pryor Hale, Piedmont Virginia Community College Dong. Hodge, Dyersburg State Community College Mark Hoyert, Indiana University Northwest Richard A. Hudiburg, University of North Alabama James D. Jackson, Lehigh University Seth Kalichman, Georgia State University Stephon Le Berge, Stanford University Leonard S. Mark, Miami University Michael MeCall, Ihaes College David McDonald, University of Missouri Grog L. Miller, Stanford University School of Medicine Karl Minke, University of Hawai-Honolulu Charles D. Miron, Catonsville Community College J.L. Motrin, University of Guelph WilliamPavot, Southwest State University Gregory R. Pierce, Hamilton College William J, Pips, Nowtheastem ionois, University Mark Plonsky, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Bret Roark, Oklahoma Baptist University Cheryl A. Ricksbaugh, University of Redlands Rich Robbins, Washburn University Daniel. Robinson, Georgetown University Mary Schild, Columbus State University [Norman R. Simonsen, University of Massachusets- Amherst Peggy Skinner, South Plains College RH, Stary, Je. University of Maryland-Baltimore Douglas Wardell, University of Alberta Linda Weldon, Essex Community College Paul Whitney, Washington State University Allen Wolach, Mlinois Institute of Technology Jim Zacks, Michigan § 1 University eA AMZ PRO ES SRC (BF #5 Ae FOI) LL BE Allyn and. Bacon ii HEAL AY AMS, ABRAM EB AAT RAT BM A AE AL 55 A eS FRCS A A FRAY, LE AUER TASC. RRLABIILL F Allyn sand Bacon HSREALIOTAR ADL: RUULR + AESEAR, ET RR; IE TSENG, TPR, RA AL, GARE, Te + MIC LT BEE EL « Be te SRA, CLERIC SOLDERS REDE AR — ALI M REA CRE, HT AS UCM SOUR, MR HT, RIES SAS ARRIVE, CMS ANN IRTEMRI. “tT” FER ASH A) — Ho = is AAT SE BA ARH AT Pm. ARI. FAAS AOA. RAO AASB. ROC EBERLE eat BART CLR AM, JOROBL, FATEH HOUR, REE FREE AE IIA, SL. tm An MTL AEH STL TAT A IA A RI I BRERA FEAR ECO ACCT A — AREER UY, 1 a AO we I A TA ADA TRSMTAER, BREEN, MBCA A. DUO, HAE 463 Pep R aie — ee 2 SRAM TRS TER Mth RRSP AACE THOM (LE AN eH) HE, HE eR A a a SASS NO LEED CL, RRC Ea CEMEW A. SRI IN ATLL ACW RET HEI, IB Bat At Ac BAT. 3. MARR 5A. FU BULL ABLE IE oh, ATE LR EON). RRO REUSE, TE BLO, MACS APL AUNT LATIN, Hk AGORIC. RL, CALM AR, At SLAC MER, emu MA oth OE the 4. ESN. CRTC DERI, ee ate) SEAR et BEAR. URINE EL ART 5 EAE FoR ABA DCR, UO i ART A li. 5. DRT A tin, RPMS TAM HO EI. ITO ARR. UR. Sif, ASA HAAR. PRR EST UA, eR SOAS IT, BETES MAES T 6 RIMM OST. URAL 5 A ek ANI CORSE SON ICRA RE NR), AMIE HAORILIE ATION 5 UA EA HE tt AI TE Sh ORIGUET ARID), AE AO IM Pa ENAMEL. REM MCE AT RE SEAL. GRAPE COT TIRE) oF ELF sch) — EY NS El — Be A Ler Hei RA ee ee 7 A A, WEA CM TAN UT, AEP TR HORM st— ied, Mo, SAAR. ICR Wa ITE A/T REI. FRA SUG SOCAL. eM RE PRZEZ. CAFE OTIREREL, i REED Be mM. ) 1 ARMA 5 ER me TA Bw A, SEU SERN EDL Be EZ TIRE PRE SOHN, RESELL AER TE SD, AH AT 2) — 8 A= ER. SEE RULER Te 6, EVLA AL RA AH POR. 2. PUSAN, (IU “RAM” ASP. BST RUIN + — LL RA HSE SI TMT A HOPE 3. RUM RE. MM, REC, Me Mise SIE lve) 4. RUG, SAL BM Oe Fe IAI HE il hh Za 2 oBe54i BURR SET (LDR 2 at BL). SLIP RTH AR Ce RE BHI TNE. 1 i i 1, ARF ATL aT AR SG FERC ELM: SARA SMO: MG ER BE BPR OTTER. ELIF Se TS FL. AREER ROAR LALA HEM IT, Ly “Ae eT Ee Sh A — 2. “ARIAT fey” YH AIL TC AE ATR OVE ITT A NEI ZORA Le LU T isc ESE AZ 3. ACHILLE TR TEA HA Fae TROP OLA, ET ee PL SR, OTR I EAN ete ELLA, TRA FB USC HAROT Heer HOOPLE, 4 “21 HREM RE” eH artee ao HE ASCIRLAER . Ae HRS TS MITT Cet RO We IN CRP EAL. 5. RIEU — oP A LM aT «eS HEUER, “iid ARE, TEM ERE CA OR TEDL BE TERED. BO, EMRE ABA SAAT MUP DL 6. OPA ABHLM Ot. CEPR RA Bt YR A A Ft. SSRI A eu R APS WA HEAR OT ASHP HIB AE AA IO TERE Ly VCE ATA TES, ea, ECT La POM ICL, 7. “sei” BAP EAE T Cesit AF) ic SEs CURA RIA TERENAS, WORSE —F std. ARIS A OE AA A, BEATA AL WARIO, ARIMA mS T IA. eA), IAF Me se te Wa > 8 SAK, WATER MA. RT SLO 24. SRGCRION, a HORTON MIA Tes 0k TR ES Sco P MATION, SR mRNA SILVER. TEC RM EAR, Lm (Freud, 1923) , A217 3] SH AOR BEA REAR PE, RLY Ae 8 ICR AAD Fe HFC ALM He aL A O08) SA TH etal. 2“ 9. NBR RRS], HUTTE SCI, FAO FEAL TER EM AI, ERA, CTR HTS 10, ROE OHS COGS 5 HD AEE Student Study Guide and Practice Teats 283% U5t4)°7 2 RUMI SR. ROSAS RAE A AE ROR IES), BF RA ie MRS. BAF) HN A bn aR. AR FR ORR AT SMASH BAS OHLT ) PK, IR ELASAOT MPR EAR NR AO I FCA WCEROS IEE ABU BOR ite WR He Bf IRE RE, AAU HARA, EAT AIR COAYEASAIA) RABEA, IR, — Ont, —f Wet. RATER RIE T COREE SET). i EF 0 A She WSR RL COMES) SRI OE ii SAE A 8-55 CTT ta RAT HHL CIRC. MRT, ARTA Ft, NTIS, ia HTH RET COMES) BOCHULT WET, MRR — EAE SOM. SIRE EU, RATES E TIA ASE I OR CIR LEI 5 AC Fe 918k — FO REA OH RRS ARM OAH, SATE LT A A BEE, 9 WHI A, RUAN Tt AIR AUREL Ace ORR ER RL, at} Ae RI, {raw SOC. SORTA OL, RED ‘Hse a — Se a oA F, FOE AT A RRL GAT RATIRE ew. ablong- rman. com/gerig (1% 4 FOUR). RUTH A METER SRDURNCR PALL EOF! PTAA RR OPES IE) HA Bee RANA HT ASS HRTEM RAH. iii ——,!,, | Richard J. Gervig reerrig@ psychl. psy. sunysb. edu Philip G. Zimbardo 2im@ peych. stanford. ed LAH - EMLALIL State University of New York (Stony Brook) (9.0. AEMEZ A, HACER OF EMGAGE T Lex Hixon HAF OR AH LMR HEL HAE OAL BEIT TEA IEA RPI T AACR CE ALL RE. BS IO AST ae aE BU BY UE te. {Hut IEA Experiencing Narrative World Cc HbA Kt HERE, RENAE ON aR A SO Ae RL WU ASA L i WA PASAT 108, OER 21 ULEAD HITT ¥ pom sees 3 WE 7 Se HA I ELA ORR. ARR I ARC HH AKIPAAALAT Life on Long Island. AEA + RE ENA EAR, A 1968 Sei, (WRLEEAD AER. IGT, MEAIB ACE. HH HE TAHA ICR 5 HRT EME Be MPRA, DLA TAT EOE A RE TI SABE, WES WS LR OEE OR BR, MALAITA, RAT 200 SRE MIE A He QURe, ATIEIE 20 7. ARE LOTTE, 3 BLE PIR SIT Hilal BEML OEP SE 3k. HS, AS REA" BEER ADSI, SLAB AICHE HGH (RILOMHED (Discovering Psychology) INA BAGS A, MEL SRE RTL ES me. RELL, AADAYS HAE FS EME 2 AI A CB BR, wife Se AH Pamanceieeceieane Ste eM, AARNE REA: Bes ERR RR Bam ye E% HE WR Be BEIT IE KE BR BSR ety ean Be ha wes ae mE ar inst apn . MRR AeA AS hE 7 BF STI st LE 8m @ iete _ Hei BS oR Bae 0k BRD sRawe wan mNE sue BAe ee Vea ee 12H mete Si13 tie evra ER sisi MERARA FR EE sas me a ER 16m moa ic oT BEARS KA Mee ss BESCeS ee AER B18 Sah HES B28 DEFOR Be RANE OPER B4e BS Boe sat Oe SE, MARAE B7H SASHA Bee itz OS ae 43 72 101 159 191 224 S108 RASBAME Bus Anse SR Bie Ly Biss ‘the, AAA Bi4e BRAAMAR Biss Came Bie Ba Bi7e HEMESKR Biss HSDBH, HAAR 259 323 416 479 B18 Sep MBS IES TRAE Ex FOR POUR. HARDEE? REEL CREB Mae SRE LABIA A 021 HO, AAR Same RAGE B28 ORFHMTR TE LOTR ROHR. SRNR SUR mL FUIR HEHE L Sab, TOTEM A REANIS ADE BRE eR? ae RARE aRReA AMR ARMMOTRE HRB sano Be aR aS REM DORR PHIOM, AA, MRS, Boe ARRAY 921 CNL, LARA AM 17 18 19 20 a Qyyee 28 29 29 28838 3t Ramet AUS SHR RR: TRAE RET St mst met bP REA RRAE B38 TAM OSE sme SECS AMEE ARBADHEH sneniy aT HERR EOE HONE ERR IHL, ASTBRE 921 He, MIME RE HARRIE ROE ate tt REE #2 RUDE ERROR, RS iN MORHORN? EARL ERAGE 4s weit We 8s BeESSE sseeaergesseessssa & SERRA AOI DRY JAR EE OB RRRK AB MeL aR FE ARIS mene AMRIT 921 wien DR, ARR NIIOS? am pas SEARS Sea ete ae Bee EFUB ‘ese sna mis, ETH, iA RT Se Bam RAR S58 ss BH. AR MUSA aR AR, Renate ROR ATE 21 ACHE. NET ete ER RRR APR mae. RAO TE FASEB RSL Sia La AaNts Le Ema RMA RIB AE 74 74 7 78 78 78 79 80 a1 86 82 gse2eseesess 2 98 99 100 101 102 103 105 108 109 110 ut 112 114 114 118 116 7 119 122 a RACER. RIO BTREE CA BANAT PAS RSE ATR imma Lm Tet RRA ‘eR FOUNE A Rem, REARS EAB RAI Bom OH, MIRWHRD ROAR SEATON mRNA RET HARRAAS eR BAH SLAC DNHE ee. Jat AAHRRBBAR? aRSe apt aan att ie eS FORMS 921 HAO. 24/7 SEALS ROR URE meee HE =e sont ROEM aaTanne wae ASE B78 SISTA PSE HERS HAERSHADAT x 124 127 127 128 130 131 132 192 134 195 136 136 138 138 198 140 141 142 142 142 144 145 146 148 149 149 149 151 152 153 153 187 187 159 16 161 161 4 wRSSae BRR, FOTN ES Bae Rem ha ROE REAR BRIG Base ER ARIE. NA DERHHED Re AAORBD mR mesa BREE aaa SePHORK. WMT, RATRF? EOESES AEB RES SAFI ania BRE Bam AE Bee ‘ata Feit SRAM EL MIC ie ities esti2 seRICI mien saneIZ ML frit SNCS MH maw ee Lepiet, RACH, BAO WRB RR ARAL Ae RARRR MC mete 162 162 164 167 168 172 173 173 174 178 180 181 7 182 183 183 185 185 187 189 190 191 192 193 194 198 196 196 197 198 199 199 201 203 205 208 209 ai SEPHORA EA RAMA? 212 eRNeI HN 921 HRM. ASCII SRR RUE eee SE sae EAwe RIE 598 Wa RAIN QRRE PaLEAL ERR 7] ween nae iO, Bs ERHOMY, FARMERS watiAsa RMI SaRBRORRE mA new ea ced 821 HO ORM. SRR uA BROT ARLE Ramee XA a 108 RASRAME +A ae MRA ERMEHEABA 213, 213 216 217 218, 219 220 221 222 223 226 226 227 228 236 237 238 240 BEE 250 251 251 258 258 258 259 261 eae SAURHLE 10 aie o21 woe. CURL whit aoHoenesae RMEMRINE D =H MBH STAABL ERED Rat sie ite 10 HAS 10 Stes 1 RAAT ‘ath FOUARKSRANKR ARON SRE ARSE RABE SRI S18 Ani HES aR BROMBRR ieRam wR Seen PRNETOHRR SEBHEBAR RERHEBE SEMA REAR CHAREST SEAR RE HORA PRAMREASTAR Ree Sma RL PIL Rees Eee RERRLS RAR LAA Set PEMHRSERR poner 264 265, 267 269 270 ant 272 273 275 276 278 278 279 280 282 282 308 306 310 313 B® 5 SEPMORY:. ARASAULMRRH? 309 HAR 316 SEHENSHAMIEH 316 iri mBERR 317 eRe 318 AMAR ER 318 HERRERA MA 320 Seria thie mR sat Eamt 321 ARAB 322 B12 HH. 323 semi 325 UES 325 AR 325 te 329 ocenees 329 hanoes 330 21 HORS. RASA 331 tin 335 apne 235 ARETANRE SR 336 AeA 337 ame 338 mitt 340 PARRB 342 ROE 342 BD SERA 43 Tp REE 345, FERNS: DRFARFRRR—-ORLGIMT RERK 346 Eamt 348 KORE 349 B13 tek, ane 350 ne 361 SASSER 362 ‘eS 365 reat 358 6 vResed £5BA bP ORK ANE a RANE HOBARD eRe vt LPS RP ERR AAMT 921 HOMIE, 2010 EMA SATA ER. PRA AS RRA AR ERE SARE Biss BRARAR AMORA RIED RUPE SSN Ape AIRE PERERA? RRA OCA TROT SPDR. AitZ—HAS ER BMD PRE HEP OMB TED 2 AO MOTR IRENA RaapreIEe AKEXBE ARE RBC A MARE LR MIRC Hes NURE KARAT A BEE SERRE BIC sae DAE RS AA OAR RTT ARE ARMS Hatt aBNanRS AR SIERI ARRON eT HeHOES, MERA 36 369 374 374 975 377 380 376 381 28 387 392 393 391 394 396 397 398 398 399 g8888 405, 405 407 410 MABIBICHHER AE ame NNT Sant RARAI B15 ome RMR EE WENARES eutae ALi (CRREN RRS CRRA PRAM DSMAIV-TR SE POOES. SUE ARB MERG? CHRAHEERD ROR. RH RE: CRRA. RB AB. BME am Ara a 920 tee A EM. 1 aE HAOMENTERS AAPREORA MIM MISED Fame ete “meee MIG? Bie ORT anew SEE ORME RTE ARTT SASHES 409 an an 412 414 415 416 a7 418 419 420 423 423 423 425 425 426 Seegees 439 EEss 446 447 aeee § RD Pier PABST RRB ST HEROS. MRIOMICRS AWM A? Gar RAE SON week ABR WHS UNGAR EE BRR 921 HLT. SERA RENAT FEEXHARERAT RAPE tar INR sea ROAST Hertee hee soma MAT AMBRE Ree ATR BA ia saree AO IR Same ORE 17s HEWES A M9 SAR HERE Ba RAE, RIMRE SPIES. BERIT HHLSMT ARO RARDER BARE WR5ARSRORA 453 453 486 455, 487 489 ee ea88 465 466 467 467 469 469 469 an 473, 473, 474 475 476 a7 487 489 490 491 491 mA Be. ARABS HD BRST ea ABS MANTA BAK HERR a z 921 HONORS. RRS EMG AMR ARIE 18m HSER, HRA AEXSHLRTD ATA ER, RAR HAM FAST ie CARR TEE ‘RB SHRM, wR LP ENR UREA BRA, 821 HHO, HRN T RSL ARAL PR EBA ORE nome MRR, AMMA AZ RE MLA R? TABS RABY ARAB SURE BEXH ARMERRS N SRERRESEEE 88 512 512 515 515 516 817 519 621 522 523 524 Seeegsegse 888 FA HN) BY BS CRFAMBREE RX sh BS t8PHORs: At 49508 S7 BS RKoeSemeR 08 Fi RR SRO RRA SB CBeRiNnMeta B Utehoes: RRB m EARS RARE —_ eo. 1954 SF, Se LG Bat A SHE eR HERAT HUE, MER AE LR SPREE RLF REREAD BOE AUBRNE -EAY TO AAPA AE SRE SA EA ARS, eT nA LC TH MBS, FAM DEES IEMT « SHU FE (Kenneth (Chark) 1 A BAe ESA] — BE, HAT (Be AEA ILA ESE (Whitman, 1993, pp. 49-51) + REROM ERT, FEPEMOPEMEME TREMB, HA Scott's Branch EF ALI, AL AE ERA AT T ER, RIT AE 11 HIF A fo A SEALE — EA TK EUR RRA. SEB AEE SEN R HR 5 HE Re 8 AL RERE STSEN, FMW MMOTA Fe, CH SAP TR 0 AO IE HT HB) OR SHE HM AMPLE ORE HT HUI «SERIE AOE ok CEREAL et UAL Zee PN SU ON ER J 9 RE FARA 2 CORES ES) — HORM, ARE Fi, OW, MMMM DISER TH ARR ete, RE POCA HOE EAS MSC METER OLE ATR) HEAP IAB LC RES ARE SST AEE BA ERETG PEAR. FRU HERO BA Mo MOS NR AL AN HH SORE, Heineman Wah. RA RPAH. ARATE HES EA HO ARIA, Hit AT BMA ie MARR BIE At RARE TT Oh, DUAR AA SS. RACH ED CMT {a et i a AT PRR AICHE I He COMBE SAEED AHA, RUTANTORE CR AOA LSE PARITY A RS | Je AP AE 2 RAL, AMM OM OFZ AMEE IEF ALAR, #10 AGAR T by A SER em ATE REAM. APH ONE AAR HE fy" HEE, A, RARE, TRO REM DR HHH, 16+ AGP TAHT ROM AME Ae" REAL. LITA ALK 300 SL BERK, ROEM, RANT EES B TERS PARERRSTAT A CARAT RUE Ro RAAT WHER, RATER (Clarendon) A Hy BJ fo 3 fs TA To dA REBAAH, ERABRALE PHAR T Gey ENE APAREA RE, RIED ORPEM SRO, HAR Pia A ‘Yt a ot 2k BE —— Bok TE PEAR EAB 14 RG AUT TTR SCARE He TSA AE. HARARE RK. ALE, AFAR BRET AL AAALAC RAEI, RITE AWE LEZ RST I Re RAT RE Ua ERA, A ERO PHN. RAAT, TRA Om, RATE BORER. RATER AIRE HEIN: mi? HE 22 (ORE? SHA? SEROMA . Nh ADDR ahs Se EPA SN Ja BEA. RADAR Ht 2s RUBIO SRA. MMA a FA BRI FH JABAL? EE AR A ARIE IB EAT IA? ARM MB AE EE ESSA A? Sci AP. RAN, SEERA HE M TE ER ALS Se AS Lint Fete? Ak UTM, RATE A So a a BA eS 2 Hibeditag - | AD ELH AE pF Ay fol EE fe, en ECHL ANE HE, Mca Ce ACL FE — UR IC TR EE ERA BAUER, TRACTED ORG — LE RHE 4. CAL, ARTA Us — a EEA "ey Pe A AT ALAS RG I SAP A te? CP MAL MUP ee te PARP BOL EK SNR Pm 0, AL PL, BLA Hi, RATHI (poychology) IERIE LE PANT ID SMR RARE AOC. ULAR AER hk Xo BASROMEM RET TE AREA, AMAR ARTE, ReROORER SY Ace AAMT HY Sik sanmome 3 sea HH, A, Ak, Uo, CORRE RHE WOR CoE 6 i BEE Oe A EP IM We SR 8 WE AE ER Ae ETH HE (scientific method!) 195 — SE J SP 97 AA GEN AE. Hr He UW M0 A ON A A] HSTESA 2 ACRE CRE An NA HE GAT NOE. MOI oem Ja 2 LS RE AN, $7 (behavior) SEAT BLUE IME OW. TINEA fia, COMER TEM EME ALC Ae RE tt OIL MRE ID. HOR. RA AN. AT. RRL ABI, ROCA OR OT LLORES yt BD LHL BEE ABER MARBLES HE ZS An a Ce — Re ATT FUER FRR AR a CoM A A DR AE hk JL, Re SL a tk, — 4 PE a oe I te, (IR I A — As 9. EE TS A RE a I det sie A+ RE 8 — PT a 4 DRESSES Bh, FAA NI, ARH SU Re a sh. MRRET HEC: A PRI. LTE ete eae ‘AOR aA AF MRE AE AALS, ARLE at — JARGON A IH A TE PHP ASR 7 OEE SHH) ULAR LAP A HARE, Aer AAEM IRRCP 181A M$ We WE FEE A FLAK) Nobles, 1980; Trandis, 1990). HEPEAMTTA 9% td el eT — Re WA A A SC USL, LBA SRE A ER 0 CLP a YS A BRT SC OL BE 95, HEM AAT HERR AS Se HIF (Bornstein & Quina, 1988; Riger, 1992) Mie yh TERT SORTER Oh, ARCTHGAE— MOE LTH Cs ee i 4 ae FORM ORRIN, eI DEAT SEGA) 8 — ae AT A A TROON AL, ASE A BA AE SG 6 ATL Se ew AT CL RET PAAR, RL TE 2k" VARS ASHE. ORIG UG Se Se A CLA SCARE. SOUR ASTRA TN EE MA RTE eA AE, AEA A AAT 1 EA eT SLE HE TIC WTF. Fant CRFRRARET RANT AOR AAA i: EAR LE EE HEH, MEPL HAAN, AATATHERE, DLR OT DL aa A fe 21 HE, ISB EP AL CF BEE 8 HH FART DAE ADRS EE OY. LAE RIT i 3 CA DEIR, TA EA CR AO A SE, NUTELLA — TA ALA; AE A, OREN AM RAE IFAM BFL ANGEL ORF? Ae pH om se" | 1a ee ARK RAN 2 AM A nh ERR TEL) 6 s 27 RNR SH Ae AMEE TARA | | AW RMT): TERRE | CORRAL AR RE R |ageeenen. aon {ASLABRERAHCRER FABETIOAR, RDHM FERESEROMERS HH Ob CCRRAHREARR £288 “ABP HOME” | | eateene mon YH. MERWE?) ROK ob, MEARE cis) HER RAR wR A RA Ck aye ea 31 AE CAT ENABLER OHXY. HE [2 ' a mea | Se 5b) He HEE 8 SIT RH AURKE EAHA, H 1kOM AM, LRH, saGSm Rx -R—49 « LORI ARON, RR FRET ‘ at IL IAC EME BA EL ast FATATT REBATE A STATE LG. AEB AB ib STH A LA LH ET. C2. EGE AA PEN I EH. ARAVA, PRICES mR TA fe CRHILA. ARR OSE AEEE, Meni A sti Bem 2 Ae A A UES A AA, A LATO LRERZ LBS BERETS. RTI DEE Mt A HEHE KF AMT ARIES PRC HEL (AR RL AS ZS FGI 4 Ee 28 AP IH sv UTR A A Ha 1908) a m0) (Hermann, Ebbinghous, CAT AERO AAAI TT LAE. AL HLTA HE BO 2S 5 LC A WH. BUT 19 ee, BES art JIB! — Ht 1879, RM HET TR—TERAFREORREROR BE, GORATRL— TACO ORSRE, MTT 8 Lasts SE AR sh AAR EE FOO AT OL | LEE A EE Pt Be ACE SET EE — E A ERUE «OS (Wilhelm Wand), 46°F 1879 $25 OBESE Hi REE TAB EEE, TRAE LE I EE SINR, ELAR TEE, (AR BAT MMM, ea CR SE ANAL FO. AEM, PERS NN A a TR, HAYLIE T— APNE LUNE T CEA ERR BED ( Principles of Physiological Psychology) 8 JUHA 8 —F(Kendler, 1987). URSA He RH a ER, FE RB ALA LAR PE HE RCE SACO IEA BREE ASAE HAT FRB. YORE RARE AMER, CEERI tees EO AEH, AP 1883 Ae AEE RN SMIK. RATAN. BA, COMBA ZI, RRA (Edward Tichener) 8% WT RGB —Aho BERL —, F 1892 EMA PRATT, MR, JLPMERAL, — Aer T PAL RPAH HAN TE IE T FMA LA: BLUE + EMEA (William James) A IN a A = IA 8 TAA AYRE — (AEM) (The Principles of Prycholo says 1890/1950), “CMRP eR a RA A aL EMRE. RAUL, fe 1892 4, IA 28 (G. Swaley Hall) HBT HRABFA (American Pay chology Association, APA) #3E 1900 4, 3818 E284 340 POM (Hilgand, 1986) 5 SUP COEF AS, PRANAB ERAS HOLA REAL T ee ESA STL, SSAA STR. RATHER HE SME: ZA RRA SHE: DEHAR ORE — 1 METI MORI AE at, EAR SE eh I Ha HE To EOE, TS MATE KATIE PPE 1 A REE, PMLA REF, BF LL AOE Ar LA FOBRA IM. ATT, OM AOE ML BR AUTHOR T INN CoE ENE Been CRE A SE, A ARO, HT HA ROM ME LR AOE A Anak, BMA Ra Ate CRE AER RUBE, UNL A" LO, HEE SA" A” A HA CL AE (strvcroratism) 22 90 FE, Hox Comat AN AA HR. HE LTR ZL BOAR HEE SERB OT DAE WRASSE AS EAE SD AB ML BS We, Fe ARC. PE CSR RAB ANP SASH ER: (C1) EAN Mese A, LWA AED AHH MM Ja AR HE, (2) ER ae BY, YE RIERA RA TERRE AR, ARBORS SMARBKNTH, G) ERCLRLM, WHER BES ASAT RAINE TS, A RE i A a IP esa dehy. JLARL DPAL wR. SUR SP A ERE «BO HEAL (Max Wertheimer) JF), THEY SHRM AE BB HSK, Gestalts) —A 6 21 RUN TEA WK, MRE CIEE TABATA. At, PS BMTREA TORRE A RIA 95 5 RAL, OR Ae SNM aE IE NIE ERE iS ERA MEE, FAMHOE I + AEM A FR ESE AAR HERE ROL, UR BB EAH Jo, PEE RUAM. I, BURT, SHEE TL FL. a NE. AS EA Bid, EL TREAT Ant, ROA a ‘MUMEEN (Functionalism) AMM GLARE TI AAT RIA HE, SOIR, MFT RAAT. A FUEL, BIRO RAAB: “AHH LEG a AT 2.7 "LMR RV OL AER RT 200% + Hea (John Dewey). eR OL RES SPR AA (UR, (BE TRC Ar IE ARCA, A Ae Hf AME RL RTH A ROE T MHA: ARE MME T , TAC AG i Et A A A TL (Kendler, 1987, p. 124) FRE RAG TARR FFE, ARLE HE ROH. CMOROOMVED, HAR. AR. B 3 SHARE RSM RAMON RR. fem) “ARM” OE EUV HR ATI EE ARE HC EE SRAUECE. TPA, ERE, MARAE LA SECAMEH ER (Arkin, 1990) , RERAER FRAPPR ME, SNE RMU MF LAH OAR (CLR aT — A IE RRA AE LEDESE Co EE HAT LAE ART Ws OE SURE, EGAN AA AE A AA ee BEBE AR DR ai i To ARAM, PR, SRO REEMA: FRENRARATM, “MBH URRY RES BeK? "a EEA AH Ra TARO, ESCA RRO (Lie) TAMIR OOS 30 (Bock, 1990) RITHEZESS 9 Reise rim Mt ) CETL 0% FE, ACS RRM. CONE RI ERR RS AEA ESCA FL BA AAA A Bh cm “sromsona EPMA EPAY NORE HMA RMS HI. SAR —2OM, OMAAFM, THEM, AE SNE), SAE AL ALA Be 3 AL AB TR SNHFKATADEORAABE: MIRA ARES RE, PRAM Pe TI (RENE) a Ri CP MRIEIE) MMA RT An? OLR EL SUSERTRIREREG? RENTAL LRTER ARSE AL, ERIE Re eM tet? ee RM TRA ABRAM AT I. TE ASDA FT AB ST, A A Af 47 AN ER A A- RRL: REGHRAGRRT MOMS CAEN TMB, KMART RAH ARS OR FRARLM POR TRAP ARA RS. A DLR ABR ET RATA A A, CE REP FUT HET Ss AA, Re Rie Sepmomy 9 —8, EMRRT ADA mM, SOFA EM FRA (iological perspective) J] FOE RA ML AM, HERR AT RT SAT OE Dik, 8 fe a PE Fe ARRAN Te A LR te a BF ZT A A ee a IN EMMA HMB: CANS Te RAE BE CN en eA ROE LS, A Ea WE SHER, LT A REVI ERR TH ON LTO. AAS IMENT REPRO ON, SRCAT ELTA PUB A eA ATR BAT Is. BIE AT etal: TEMA MOAT, RMN TAPE OR AE BA OO FE Ae SAP EAT Be ERA AER EBT THE OTR, TEM A AAEM RIL THE. BRETT ‘BE AF A LY A Me AL APIORE. OR MTR SE de MaRS TI, ALAA SR BEB BEI eA A a SE fori. EDA PRR HR 0 HAF RA (psychodynamic perspective) FAB AA A RO. ROL, AA AAR RAH RUE SO AE A EL BT ARRAS TORS fannie. BMPR Ae PRADA BRAG YT IARRT Sa BRI PLA MFR. GRRE, ALAM ROL T EOS ERIN, EEA BL 79 OE RK. BE 1° WL IG a A (Sigmund Freud) E19 82:90 20 te A IE ‘REI, Fa RAP AN AA A A Fe , (EL A I 9 a i EE BOWES L. AMM OMS HERO BL SEAL PB NAB Js RL RI — i BPR RNR —UCARIAT A HIE EIN, FTI AA MA Le TEA HLT ES HOES ER ABLE ATT AL LRAT A RAMOS CKARS 9 LERERA HEM ARRON, BARBI, TAME RARVNZ MME, B—-MAN METS RRM ARHH LAR? oF PO RIL A OL a BER ME TRIO EMOMEI ICT, WIR TRE FERRI THe a th eRe TA, A LE I A A IP PH Te eh SYS OUEH IL REM PS, MS ah SL. IEICE HIRT HOE nt, METER LOT MTA AD AST. CEL A fA RRR EOI HI, EME TE A SRILA, fA AEA A BAER MAT AE NILA (behaviorist perspective) MAF RARE SE Clan HERA NEENAH. EO. 5A LA APR ATT RS $B ett HH i POL PP i fel. SEO, (EMHEAT A KLM (behavioral response) — BIC BR) $A AE, RA FD. FE BAe ER et OR A Ae I AFT AA RT ETCH) EOE LUT MR ERR CTL) TR > 5 RA A I I (ACT kA PL TE ‘te (1B 0 LL BA OH Ate. SA A Ae. RITTER MD LAH WT MEM) , MARS gin, OMS AURORA AM. 72 ae He TRE an EE AL EA TAS YDB ARIE, $7 9X (hehaviorim) Xf IK A.C EE ERE AT AEE Ren. “Ee Sea AMPA Oe EI, RE TRAE ROR, BAT IE La OE A abit FFT AMI, 457 X MORI £8 MET EE SEA (on, 457-3 mG eT OL FTTH GE RLESLIG MAREN) , MAOMETE A WIR ALOTY i, DADRA i SF JAE 20 thee 50 AF FE 5. Ay BUN AMI — MMT TRA. CER ARSE AIBA A A ICA HE J DBRS, AC a a AA FR RA FRU, AATEC BF LSAT AM #1. BIB AEX AVWLA (humanistic perspective), AXE BE A A Ye ELA A AE SALE RUTEAT IN , (RIAA AEE OH HARD, FEU RAY ETE MEAT EH WR, MATTE ANIM ARE ART IRS. FTE AVE ROEDER, A ARSE SLA ERE ERE MB a Soe INES eA A A ho ERA fC ti AE RF I a FERC TLE. JRE CRE ETC A. HAAR OLLIE AS. fe CVE SCTE BER — BE SSCA I HRA, DUNES MG, SHR LLB AOE HET AALS AT OBEN OR, HICH, Hi ALLA MEE SIA PHL EBLE TIE. 0 SPOR TPR ER, JRE ft AH HLA OCARINA, ER Co RT ACHE St AREA RA teh ah MA LATS. RRAHEAESS 16 BES, DARE LANL CMT BIA RAY AT HARE Co DR Re RAAT MR WATT I 8 LEA SELITTHL EY. GAMA IRAR (copnitive perspective) HA Af LAE OAT MA UGE—$2E AS AA HH VIE ATE a HARA AA S85 JT LATA 8 — 2H fi TEUSUMURLED 45 By UREA NOIRAT IE PE, AUC PE aL AT TE. 45 IIA A OME, IRAE St MLO aT OY APO. BR SA REE ae LY EE ME AD, Bk AAR ara 5K Tt A LY) 180 NE A — AP), ELA CE A A PE I UA adc EF ESA DL a EE a I teh FM a A HA PE BD — BAF ALR Ce es tt ZG a hs 94 AI AE tr NORE L UE Rte RAE LOPE REL HOMO NRE, HAL. TPAD, MOR. ATT TR RAE AFL ASAD TA FE FP 9 BRE ext A HE HL tc Pict m A, FEL EEE. PEORIA HES AACE HE AL, LICL i 12 ZA (cvolutionary perspective 25M AF — Pah MI “68 3 AER DRE VOM IF A ARE iteteits fk, AHMET: Meme ei ESRC UL, RL He A BL fen ALY CPM EAA) 9 ALA tt 4, UROL SUA aL APS A PLA As a A RSE 1H Se ELLA Mm EM CHE Bs Ny TSB CE, CATT ERA SRM. EARILWED) (ALNIPR 200 14, MEP 1 77 1) ACER, DETREI IM, 9996 HE Ae ek A HEA EL ie A HE — A TM ACR AA, MACE Ret, HRTEM, PLDC AT RRIF te, ease HUM A rm et OR RUA Sede (eat Ome hE ea ECM a AAC LH SICH AOSTA TEAR AECL LAR CA RRIRUM, A, ef Ce aC 3 A Ac A RH 7 LE OE ATP 400 755 A AEA SO HE LN 7 ASA MH, 1 UK SEARLE, Pe ATs PHT OEE HEE HE, HPATSACIRAR (cultural perspective) fF AAG FL FR Ant Heo. SHOR AREA A Pa Ae Wc ENC: LE CRAP EH UT A PERL ERL, FEE RIGETE RM FLICREIAH B RE A, (Gergen et a., 1996). SCA Hear MOE TEA EY ULL AERA CRI ARE. lL, ESE A mew att aL Od AE eT A CRG 12 RE) 5 SCHR A LA A a ZT i «He Of 98 A EZ Oe i A BE). EA Ly RA ae ENE A AUP APA A, SAL SURINT — AMON AT A ACT OLA LE PP EE FL: AW TRACE OD SISE ARSE ice Rem JLT ae ea IRM GR ff em Amnesia mt ees a? CHA of em RATT EAR CA IT 120 vaeses HEHE? Scie etait? eRe. Rae AM Hen? SRL AR eS LL, ICA A ae ARIELLE. OLIN, TERCRHTM EE ETK, SL CBB AR ey AEG RO HR LA ARO fo kA 1927 OM ARE SAE M A (Bronislew Mali- rowski) EAH Tf ah AL AE a JL WE 9 a A (Troan) Bt ME MR — Be A AE Sk, AURAL AB BHO L sh HO Bae, ICH ALTA Lh oF a A I ATER. CACHAN At fe OC RE AE aL east Te EA. CRAM, KEE ECAP OE eA EL PRT IRART AMER AMI I, B11 AE TRAM. IN, RRL ACHR Fe AST BAF A So I FA AT AR Seat AO Nah ARAL, FRAT TOE AT He ‘SELLA SSK UA De IC PT EE HHO OF, © ity NLR Aa eS R11 SRomEM AMAZE WEEE), ROTC EMR Se ead tet EH AAT AAAI AI SS sR RE HE NK i te SABMMZ MMAR. © oma A esc cte tr a A eR RR A ek — FA PT HH Re aR A A JL Yt 2 st. Oo TARA MEN KM sctiteR mM, tts HT AERA ORT FUMIO RE, ABA AVS EG Eo O AREA FRA ARR, ott FEUER. REI TMDL Lae © to RAR AIT te EMEA HF cH A 2a mac He A AL A HA BEAL RAR HME He, AR CHAE, BETAS FRI AIRE FF PP tr He LAS HET NSE MEMS Me fF Me te NP ae fi 4tt AOL. © it APR ARTA CC eh A aa dem ALR ICAL Ja fo A AS. ie I te. SAE SUE EME RA EL RE AWARE HO A th — Be FT A DSK, PACER MEARE, SRA Babs AOR. AIA PRs Kay ERRATA FAMERS HSE CAM ARE RS ANE JCB EE DAMBSLAIG RY, JA se A AT aR, REM, >_** Rete, SOPHIAS ni IE aba, BAT OL FEM PCE AMPLE RS UR eT — A, SZ i A A AL eH PARTE, Cee 1.2, FRI TRI Lk Meee i, 0 tf ZR HO AE CL OURAN, “PR A AL, Ri? CRsaMNEtt Sie sephome 12 QAP COMME SED ITO, Mik TIRS AHO OR. URL RAT A Li L,I Ril! RNLABH RMA RAAT —7 RE es THEE FEA > MM RO AR MERE T 50 77 AER PCE HH 84 62 000 5 82.000 AUS CE ANOPSE THE CORAL 1.2) 6 REO PEI AC RCO Ay TMI ARGON, ELEC a A I EH IS PR CTUPS) #9 HB HHL RE AL 64 PFA AE ( Rosen, 1999a) . JRTALO BEB (APA) Je (Mais Tk ere SOMERS, EAE 1998 AE IEG 155 000 4 1 (Fowler, 1999) . FPDP, SR LL AE Se CAPS), #4 16.000 4D, EMER LEA AE UAL, A RRM NT Dr mE RE — He, OPTRA ti, CE EASE ANTE R HUI, t Fi TEESE, SUR ete ce BRA LNT ERPS AT FH TERE (Russo & Denmark, 1987; am wRESE TAR? A Tec eee AMH ON? Sap —R EGS? St RMAC RA RTA ea? Reh AeA ORAL ART “PARKA” ALO TRE EAD? JEP, SULA? ft ROT EA AL EMULATE AL EY Salt 2 Pte OO ADR AE ‘ie cee eI A att Bet A AR LF okomER inom Kiem can nome meme E. iok HMB ASHE SE eR moet ween fe ze > asamr) Peace 3.7 B12 ORR THR AOR 90 Ee A LE SURREAL LH RLM (APA) RIL ante Scarborough & Furomoto, 1987) . 1804 4%, SUNSWIRE + 2K f¥AG28 (Margaret Washbum) "MLPA ACK, 0 1S CEH RRM teh. MRT T — ab Beam F108 RAE — (a0) (The Animal Mind) 1895, FHT + ARAM (Mary Chalkins) ERT SABE MERCATOR. SE ELALSEMIT OR Re NLM i, A ae I RM P(t. aE SELMAN, eT IRARR IT — SH TSE AA RRR EM LMIOTT, BAR AL RTL ARRKERA. AAMT ATE, JLB ARRAN E A 70 o 2 * 20 2» ts et i iu 3 BL.3 SHRUB tt ke AMES SEEM 30 20F, SEE RPO ROME EES Ri RAMPS MR — (ie EM, FEB «RITE (Anna Freud) «(fi m5 ALA AU LI 9995 9 —— PAE Fah HH AIT — FSR T AREER. TRMTHEE CE SEI) St Fee He DETA TAT TESUCBLE, SHEA HESE RHE T Mt Pea ALE AGL ASL. SARA 1. 3 LARA, CMH BIG 1 — Se Fe TT EG 0 HG EFL A REBT AHL (Pion ot a, 1996) . SHSM AE CREF AP ik — AAD Se 2 EONAR ER ERAT (Murray & Williams, 1999) URL MLE MR REA A 2 8 Sf FEAR, WEAR RIBHE, ABE RA (tr 5k — 96-18 EHE ale. STE LO. RIVER CORE SEIS) He Fe OAT MOLAR, ATA A. I A OBER. TRAE, aA, ARREARS “Andiamo! & FROME ERT CREE REAR HSER P AAR DR, 8 EMR A—HHEX, KEORWNSO RAHM, BR ARAM ER, RATA HALE SRUPPROTOMERAA: RAMA SRRM ZAHRA, CRA EMAET RRR EAH COMES SED ANTM TA LA AIHA 21 BE HMDKR, KE XNFRESNLREMRER ANEBET SURAT LE 10040 MA. F—1 100 HR $282 RPOMSEN ERM LERNER HAM EAH, ei — 2 LGR. Hi, ® SAR IT RR 18 eH FASCMSAK, LAKES WERE AV RAR AMES Hh. RNFERT TARE 21 wea Re Seawe 2 we CANT (3b BB Sew ‘ PSL, CHER EEE A RE HE MN LK (a A OE A A AERATOR AGAURHER, KERIO REMOTES Be OR BEM Rt KAMAE ROME ENE RNBHOM, WHR em RA He AO RO Ho 20H, HEIL a Bm RR A eR ART HH, RASH REE OEE AAI. FRRABHAER, SENT ARHABE 1m sepnome 15 Te He HT AHRYMEALMMRA, AO Hh, AEFRR ERATED LARTER MAHAR HARE LORE mR, AMERTH EAH OE 21 HAAR ANH AB—CRFE ARR Rb a al bee Pat: © wow. apo. org, Bo MHA mas © www. paychologicalscience. ong, ome 4 mE REE RAM THERMABRAT HA BD #: & EXKHE PMR TARE R, MREPAT HY, AAELMRARAPAAEH ERA CRF RNES THES CREE oH E RAIA, iD ABB TR et ATE WERT RSX SRC RAE FT A Re a A BE tt & * aR . . HARUM HORE? UU POA Ht, LAT 29H er + RAAMENE—e, MRT | CUE RIOT DMO MAL + MANE UP a map Aue AROMAT, BAER. Tk. Cala TORME —8 QR ICAI, | CRM AIMEE, Bt yt cman tet WaT Ate, TIME MOL NE RETT I. Uf 3: 5 of A BUR, DEFENCE 16 weesen TEAK. °C WS ARN A ZMK. ° ta ARE TT RHE ARAM, prt gL aT FAWN SALE GI, © FE LIOR HT We ‘ABR PET © RARE XO LN te HL TEHE SIRO EH TAR me amt I oMtf. HEA 00 LACHEY MW T FPR ESRI — AIL © SOLAR ART ICH SC AE R MRNA. “omy imauett °C s Key (RL Ct, FEL Le PAR, SLE TEAR Seb eH SS LN, aS CeRomy eh At i © 421 thse H Trl, Come Ceit LEHEL, ZEAA MUTE AHL AEE ms 7H. ., RARE SAI TEA eH ALO AES. LA eA BL S. KERBTUAS, ERA ite — HO, HELA EI UC SUT TE. OR A HIE it, BER EA He CAT te — Aro BM BA MS ASB we BOAR ENE NUE SL PERE RE. AD RT RE AR EE A a 3 3. (6 tee A RE A MACHR. ih FR GHER THEA EAR DORA SH Ree Se RCL une: x JAE LAE LAE LB PA, ome I ‘ena ER DES OTE SB 2RoeR MB MEHR: SmtH ci BMH TAA RRR: BAT AK 1 AEE A HX aK hem? = vat BR RR BRREK FAM EPAR Ak MTR PAE som RARE We HRS Kem HR 84 ty HSE OH RL A %, MAAR, He BS RARRHRRAR B 2UtAHoes: OB ASA BIH S Eamt RRR EO: EA SE SHH RAE A = (Richard Feynman) 4 (1985) EAA ELH GALANT. Desk ee) fen T— SR LE 8 A TE SCHORR: “EAPO, faa Ua aH BMW, -R, EMRE TM, MAR HEREE, PECORARO RAT RBA TE, ATM EMO OM RE DE, VOR # MERRRHEELH ERS CNETEGS sea? RWKAGRT: SPAM DRER, CRAM aoe & (—+) SR, A A EM Lait, Ae ee RAE YN ML LY SCT AP A LOR OT HERE A Aah oy Ma ah — Me I HAT, SDD RR, POINCARE 1 Re, RMT ON IA HE Ak PC kM I BLES 1S) RAH OLA AEM, HRM, RATE L EE OLR MAN ET ATH fe BE DP Ao AM PR ARN FL, RATT AP NC a TH ATE: I RR NA A Mc A EA ASO MB AUT) SL et LER SAS ARR HA? BE Heh DAWES? BE, FC — A GA EROS ATM 5 RIT YE A fo 81, So EBD ARTE RE ANAL AG, AEN AL ARITA" BORER A MOT MTGE. LE BABA ATE PEE. RATE ME I — (a Fa A YE Sa eae. ARATE PRA LAT A ie” MERGE (Miller, 1992) 18 HOE, Re, a, AMHEARA HORS —2F Ke, MTRBRAT eee Lien: BNET GREER. Be REEL ARAN RL, OMA ARH SE BT de, A MAA ft SHEARKET EM RR ES BARK, HAMFRTASERSMRARERR DEAT MRED KOE, CREAR HIRE $F, RERAMARAT OE, DRAB See KR L, RRR. REE RBH ith, AALS RBMLM, MAMA ER Th.” PRM MATT, GOL — AIT FET CAT MOE AL CREATE ST PT EEO EG, EAT AMER As TERA (AL) RAE CO 3) 5 RAWAM (coment of discovery) ALTER. FF Me Br B. CATE, BURR, (Fe, RRO BAA at A A EH RE A PIF RLOLOO NAT ee. BESTA ATUL NAB CoP ORME EEE. AOL HEN A.B — AMAT A AHERN AE: — TE, ETP ERIN “HAMMEL” — I SE, ESCA A — Aa A YF BRA OE EA, LE ALO AR A. SEA OL HLA a I BBCI, CT A Es ME A i, ROE, CREAN AM, LM, FA SALE MEL DEA A CI AE 5 BRB hoor) J ASIA MERA | LAE La — ARR. ABM MEME A — PMO, RTI Dv (determinism) O(B2. 3B, —ONEME, Ca Ht SLO. CAMA LT 9a eR MUU SEOE AEIR R RERLE He AZ IN, BEAE RAT A AL PERE AR K, WEA, U1 me UAT Le I 2k. ARO, CORE Ee. AE A CEA SE stop a SANG te Coe DR, AAC ES CREAR RR 4 OG, a A a A A HR. RAB (hypothesis) Hd LIM AIA LER MRR AEHEN . a PORNO ATE. — AIRE, BLE “MU Mion” ATER, BANS EE IR AAA EE 0. LM, ARAL RAO, be RLM LE TA MAST, mR «HARE He Ee Dh. HTCHEIENDARLE “MUR” AL “HA” ZOOM. SBCA ER BALTIC AER. PERCH EO — AER Ee a AT $2, (Ak, AC MRE Zn Ae KIO SET SLAY RCP RE 5 AEA AL PHOS ME RICO, AERA He enIeAPA TER, HET A AUPE USE, AC ee te SE. CR TERCHEAT PLT HO, FFE, eC — ae PERTTEAT ck Pa ee AR rH; JC, FFB TOR OIE ALB ACT EMC RAB ma AEN, JB Hh 1 ASA. A AA A Ae Se a APMORRSEFHHTE, EERRUAETR H2M, CHERATRCRKROR REE, R2e LERMRAR 19 (extrasenory perception, ESP)(Bem & Honoron, 1994). ‘PR A aL RCA He A A RUTTER, ERAT, A MrMORUR eR UARACARAE EHO, RECA. BM ACE et RAR A BA YS A 2 SELLA eM, MBAR, CALA A CAEL Ste HEIR ACES EERE AI. 2 EOI A Set ee EPIL BIE TERE LUE MRAE Sa. MERE UINC , Ret E— RAAB RTH le Lea et a 28 ORAM TPC MOE AO, RG TEE BUA RRNA AeiE Sc, RENAE a — OTR SUR BR mE, WA Se ABE A MS A A aE WN RAMHRLARAEALOR, SARK ta, fA AHH RA RM OI. oe ACRMAM, OH, TA PERZ MAR RIER KR _ FMD ERB TERE , SESE EEE LAF AA BE) HME SHI. SEVEAN WBE (context of justification) RABE FAI ERAS BT DY. RABAT Ae ATA. A, AROSE RINT, CM MEA. IC HC F122 F OF AE (scientific method) , ELAR pf PRP Ar ML ARE Ry Bi Fas OA ATE AB 8) — ARATE AAAS BE MAL PLEA PH A I We. Ase A A A - B RHEL, SAE AHO DREHER IM eM, IC APPR EES 1 BB AE BL — A ‘BES A HT LLL ATT OOS RP AA ARENA CRE Ar EM IEA IT Om, FR I I ZS PHAVREFRSOEMOR, Bik, AERC F ABS BRITA SAS ALARM AACE, RSH MBEE Ay TE A seit. 20 BP52E “pera inno retee x SEALY A AREF REO HE, AMIE AS FA” REO. CERO, RAHA a aw AU SBE RA SRA HR IEA (observer bias) ih FUME H > A 8 WLAN ONS EE, ATES. A SB BO, VARIA A TEAR TA AE AHO IE AERO NE HE 20 AEN FPA, fe RELATOR « SEMEPEHS (Hugo Munsterbere) #4 KRAK, QML AER BRT AMET. A. (BDL FCC a 2H LER At MS BE, oe EMER REALE: Wee A, ee Ra, 8-4 BE GHH (1908, p.35-36) ARB) PA RAY a a LA HA EE Aiet “eT ARC A Aap a a eM 845 HE PR ART Te ee SSANURAK, PMRBKEMRAMNHRE, OT eMAMERET HA? ESM, RATA AR AR NH A BA MART, AMF Ae 1) EPA Sf A ae A ite. ROMA LIL ATLA PE ALR tae as, — ae Re ARIAL FAB TE St} Az EO BUCE, RATA IMEI 2.1, ET LT RO PRACT A MLSE 5. ASI AME SH SB PSULI REA RM mf ME AE a TEAR TERRE HO RC CICA AP BE HRA FATTO ARISE A AE A I, i EF FL we a He {494 Fo) — hc 8 3-2 A OER ASFA Zn eo 1 0 I oO AMET RAE, KEMTOSA TERM: RTM FEVODRR HAN REGAN TAMAR, (RET sh: A? a ROOK RRACAOME, DARE RE RRR os B21 SrRRRtOMmee MOM? Nee AOU AUREL, BREA RCE tie MAN RPT. RARE (standardization) CRATE BB AIR, BBL ULI A — 09, — SCRE, AH AR He 8 BAT FRIES a OL A IE OS 5 BT He PROSCAR. Me Hm mk A 095 DIF RE SEALIURETE BLL, HEORITEN Re a Bae me ta). | 7ST a A erette AUR SEL RR He aC aT AR ek BF BUS HIN ASE HE oF HO — BRA Et WES SHI MRIS Re. Me nition) AB DMG RE: te me BE SURER OR ie — he, te — IEW A Be (operational d fl. ASSEN BAT Ne To IR He (variable) #4 AL AUT ERO. Hea, StH ‘HURT HR A a HP Hy EASEMECindependent variable) . (HE — VaR S 6 SE ONAN AY ME MLA Wy BEE (dependent variable) — HCTF A PH, UL RY em AL A ee EL ihe EM MLS EH J WE Lm A TO HRA HE SB. CT eR RI ARPT TA SOC CAI). RETR i Acca EME CAVE WE) eA IH (PA ES Oe LL EL iti, PSS HOM OPE RG RL AC Mist. AF RE — ER ee? Kom LRAT QT RSE RAE AE aS Se, AC Cole aces am Ltn, Pam ara Ant XO IR Se X ATES 1 RESIS) 2 CAMERA fea Took A He meme ORE fp BAT aR He fe X OM 14 A) 7 Re OE OTE, BF #1 SATE AEH AS Te hod Ne — i X— FUT BN . AR EAT FM fei PAE se fA et a AUT sf. Ae — ET 22 UTP RELA He SRO BE: “Wk: STURN ATER SUT ASL — Hees A It FSIS, RPA RET Ema ned, oc 7 A EO 0 TI BK FE As BB He ( Em MetE—t FARRIS JE (BE EA ARR. SAC DOF FARA ORR A AME. ARABS RAT PO 3 RL ik fa) — He a SR SHR SOE SMS, NCTA LES HR I 2 eA fe LA AER, OLIN, (SAID BOWIE HSE HEMGIC HE, Mam ut BT Sig er. ALR, 8S ZRH SMR AT BMY TLR ANISH, TE RA AUAE Te Ck A venta methods) 22 mint Rie FARMING SURE MIME AA 2 A fii ese I? 22 omeses BAPARERFERAP RMA RA TTI OH? some eR? sh SCART UL SSA A J (CORR. SSE) IRIE AAS] A SIS fA TR TR I, PACA IA, AD AH 26 9A SEM (confounding var able) «5 — Se BCR 7 a ECC TA eA CA ZS, BRAS MAE Ja ME A Ea ea HEY, Hs" RRL OD TRL AMIRLIN TEER ARETE LR ECT at FE PA 8 SoM A — SA ERE, SRITT SER MTL am MN LAT Ae ce FA Sea A, OO a A AL EAE A TK i LUN Be L,I Shak RN 141 REA NARHA (oxpectancy effects) AMET. CERAM RF, WIE RO ALM ENC LT A 8 A cea 14 «BENET (Robert Rosenthal) WEE TS 8h 20.0 SE 1 ES NG (Rosenthal, 1966) seri sors some, (0 SRAM EMME NE COME SEI) BOR BRUTE R TSE ME TRI, — HR e, SRATTN AE Ah — Ae SP HS A JNA. “RINSE ELM A EE SEL eR PETE, ACETATE EL OEM. B+ “RM IOMINNE” EAA TLS OE RAT AE 27 “RIIORAR” HF, RITE MIELE PETE, CHER ME T RE Oe a B EPEAT, AES BM EA HE AL Gift) eT PR 12 Pe Se hea ae at A150 % WA aa ak OM, EH EA MA ES STE RI RAR la. EIS TREES, EE MR LAE Ti, AMT MO AIR A A HAT ICE IO, Aerie WOE MEHL iC FEO E MAL AL EGMAEDTH (Rosenthal & Fode, 1963) < A 2% A AA es A 8? RITE AT AROMAT, OR STIL I AE ZI EC RT tui SRATIEM MSU HEM, Sinn AC THRIVE, HEME, MURA (placcho effect) BH To KARO MALE AR RET Heb JEsH RAT REAR Ts. Hea LA SHE SLT. REI Itt OF MERE ET SP BI A SP CAO EIR, HR A SFC SAM, TEXANS F, 70% RAL AR SM ONE ARPATEEHO RAAF HEHE (Robert etal. , 1993) eR ASTESCM, AT BL A ait ZARA MEI, TORENT ARP PRCA, MUM RNAI T . ZF RLWC AREA Me, SERRATE ULAR BA EAE LH AR MAC MN He, RANT A EA aM — A OE, (IISA fn ake ati I, BATRA RT 5 SB a USE ee ik (LA HE AMR MAE FTN. PA, UCR Re a eH 00 2 me AR, A RR ABR ARTEL. OMPARIE PST EE BTA Rua NT Ho PSE ON BEET EE BL ae SPR, ae 2) He LALA IF RI BME IL, SMP ahh aha nm, RAMEE BME NE PHT, SMT RDNA. BES SCR AES ALABARA (control procedures) — J —#8 Jy 18 695 45 8 MUA FW TB Me A KA) BRAS ROEM. ET, SR, aN FE HAT MAA, MHMMNENE, ICMR RM IT, LR shh at a WAN BAT Me RAB LH BE (17: 9 AAT a 8 A A FH AURA, TRAIT — Sea. ICTR ET a} ACh ATELIER (Pita, RAR RET Oe ILA WAAR, RENE) LSE ALAR ACO I PRE AOR RCRA. Bt, tet (9 Ree, A A A FB a HA I i, te SA i aA TR FUR LMIOt. CEMURAR INO Foie PRES IA FAMMER AC CRE) — MAT OE 9 i EH i GK — ER A (double-blind control). ES OFSCRLI Sn Swe Ri (AJR AS Ai RE A I aT ARSE ME NIE, ESE RS] A — HE (oy 5 8) 3 Ae, RL BRE HD A (placebo emt FS AL, LR SR AGAT LTE Ae ATH IRR. HLA — HE He Akio) NO TR MATL OR, IL, “HA, EA HEN RCE PAMELA RR AZ, SAA) 0 a AAS SPORE AA “AEE TT RAR BF, AER i AY AC I EE EA Andrew, 1990). AUNAHEOR? FRISIAN A REDE? tea Set LAL, URAL EAST RS. 39% AR AS! EL, ES Ea a ACA AUT ERERRAB-A (Abelin ot al. , 1989) . FUE, eA THE FRR — AAT RROOA TT, (0 RRL FF CTP SATA RIAU. ERLANSE FORCE ARTI A REE, ASTM, RAI Me wt P2e LEMMARAE 2 (hetween-subjects designs), MELCREM us 4 te Bl Scab ef RARE TIE) RUE CREE ERE BE) F, FARRAR. ROVLOO SEAR OEE AHH i Eo 1 SA A A I OR RATER tr RAR POTS HEI 8 i Fm Le A A A Oe, IB FF ire eA RE A I A A HEM ete Mo HE LAE, ITB AR TW BP AA OC a A SE AMBRE HT ELA CHET OBER A, Ue EE AS, ATO im 3K Me SP A 9, AF A ASA BEF MRI EA A He HO BL. ARK, CSW GIEFB 20 ~ 100 4 isk —AEL AL, A LGR MOR AN (eample) 4871848 (population) ERS OR MENA BC HE — EAR, 6 A LMC 4 JL ARM RL A LE EAE 4 2 A 6 YALE ANI EI, BATT APIO AN SCARE. WT MUHA RN, Mea aU A ae 2 62 1 JLRS OLA fo SAY JLRS. “RE SO dH. AR AFIT Sb ‘iA ORO AOE NEN, HALLAM HEHE (representative sample) , SHERPA SHEE FCA UIE IA ARAL OEP A AFENS OTERO (MERRWM—BH) , wT HAMID, MBIT HE Ae t EMB SME, MN ME MBA RETA HO 240 weet ike, ERT sc BR et Ad A LO SW LMA FE Ay AAR A ABE (within-subjects de- sign). AER IBA AAA. OLN, IRENE SRA CMO AT TL SAR EE HR, eR {1 ill A-B-A RECA BA design) 8, MEK PAE TARA) MOE FF SMe NC), LIS PH A (A) AV HOTT So Ait HL MMH A-B-A BITE OTIC AF ETH FEAT SARL 2, SLA BIA dei PO ABT CA FRG. PRN MAS TERE, OR HL ADHD A 5 e e R RR A M8, CAUCE. TERRA FCA), JL AST EW OMAR, CMMIORE Cm), fb WSF LACM TET (LAER, AU. TESA (As), (AI, MERE BE, OE ATL SAT RR FM TEAR EE SENT OSC AMRE, Eiite 2 3 eres, te FUERA — BU = MMR, MMB tee Het (ROD IEATEL RMT CAL aR A.) BUDE. yo HEUTE B As, me mR Av aRHR oA ss ae mm Re ARB PEAR AD IL, RAMEE RF, A ATMO ALL T A MeOH I. m3 PLB CBI A BRED . Maser RAEI ara ie NP A eA A NE RAL BRA — 9 DAB HH RA La ST EWE J EAE PEEP MRO TR I ATR RA, AR ee ADAH ATE. HG, HET, Tee Ae AP RYERSON, AP A tO LS i, LE PSRs Seat Re AT 9, ECA A AR AAR AP TRON RS, eA REL T BES a HEALER MINSTER. FT Ara CTE ME FC, a i AT ES MII, AE VEMEME ARON. Hef] oT ee Wem, AOR IMMA, SMe ARIMA OFT POE, SR Ar ITI A. CS ARIA AY BAF RAE, RS, A — Me Ee SORTA ET REA. I, FRACTAL RP eS JL PR — A ILA AY, CL SEE LAO A ARB A. CEFR, AR THF ORI BY EE OI. . pune WA MOLM Ate RRA? MLAS He A, ‘Ea JL I I IR 1 BML EH — se NEO mR, A AGES ME, ASEM ERE ACA LEM 9 TLE SCO, EORTC Mi BEA, FUMIE ‘85 WEAF AB HEH (correlational methods). 4 Jy BBV I ei, ARR ASR A RAL, CER A SEA HHT BEE. TEE EMS LEI, FG BAT — 4 HB EB (correlation cocfficient) (o) HRTEM, BEAMGLAE + 1.0 81.0 ZTE, ICH HL ORREAMEMK, 10 RRS, MH 0.0 RR MABAT HI. — TENE RC — a SCH IMB! BIA M. WA TEREA, PB ANF A CO SEH: CLI 2.) = AA AEE FE A A A MICK, SUR AEEZER: LICR MEA, FUER TRCIAL + 1. 0 AOI RLM — 7) Me BU AAA IA. (8, SAE TA PRA i i a! K a e # 10150200 250300 BRE o 2 & wile ls EARMARKS LE AREAL, eI SCR RR PREY AIRE. (a) ADK, Ble RARER FRAO AMR, HAAR OLR. Na, cA REI ETAEIEMISE, (hy) ASAIO OOM , OL SSR F M8 RR Pe BR HOT DLN AIMEE TSAO, MTL IRATE THe amg on, A TLR MR aE Hy AAT a RR 8 PM a A RE OL ASEAN ARR SCAR. Re. BEE A DIA Ht a A AL «Ae A i HK ae OL OREN TE ASA, EP OR FRR. RRA HSS, ERE ArRRAT DLE AHI fica 2 BU, Be PT EA APL. UT I ESA PORA, TABU RAY. OGL A OMIA — A REN rsh OR, MIRA BET LE PRO, IR ok BAA, AOTEAROA, LOT eA at ARI BREA CAR. Am Hy RCA TT BRE: C1) HEA AAAS SAAT A (2) BALA CARH PORE ITE T BORE (3) FEARED AME, fAMTME MT ESET I), i ee ATHREAMIGR ROR, FRR BAGH MEET DRM Aik. SOR AMO TE NS, EL ATLA HT mr FETE RBLME. BERIC RG — APH. A= Ie Bet Re RIITOM TAR IL. HARRI — AM Lie ACE HEAD TA Cr PRCT HC MR eR THK CATANIA). USRCT Herm ROBE (ATAU AREARHE) . sE, RIE ARC AE YF J A PR Bee — 1A AS JARI, AL A, aA A ADEETHEAR. Din, 1965 any NT AOREO TAMA 9 41 FEAR ALI ee LAR TAHA a #, AEDWiDE. ” HCN. tin EAT HL Feat, LT, “BAT HEAR —IFR OF AR, RAIS. RL, BRAC BRAT TSR ME MAT Ame?” (CAAT) , 1966 4F 8 1 11 FL). CEE RA Sy, RL I Ae A ERE ZAR, ARENEEL , MARUI UL FRU ARI” JE CIR SURO) EIN —7 RA (chen, 1990) PRIM, IIE Set), Ap A EE 9 AAR EI AEST ARE RII AGS URRARGRL, PA AU A EATS AUN A)“ AST a 8 He. ROSE, SAR ALINE AA Sem Arte 1 at AE EEE SY, ROTA AP ATA OE RUHL PEPER, ADMIT EA 26 oReSeE APA HCO FL. SUED RE SHAR) Bo 8, RITA BRS HEMET. CoA ABRE TA ar BR. RANE DDK sm PT. AVI MOTT oe, i) peetettanneee Hite AS LR RE ENR, KERRY, OUT AA MD, Rem RI? Te LRN, Oe AE SS HA A AL a ao LL CHK | (Garcia etal, 2000). ESCAPE HEM, AUN aE AC FA ATG em I Oa HR NADEEM HE AONE, BENE AT 180 4H Be Aa ft 9 FA a ME ASR. IEA MR ROO RE , BE RAH SMR AE A ASHE RS NN, BORA AAT LSE AL FT. se AED RR EO HOI Ae BL Hh — ee A LAT SR PB SUES AEE IL ICE 3 SO EFA AER HR. “iRoom Hew ik ABS HUERTA RLY SOE, BRA AA EEE a EF 8 AS AR AID 9 OR TLR PE A a 46, FCA ik A EM A IZ h, BAER LS BBC SE “CEI ROAR META REV TE AE SEL, = MME OR ROOM. EA BU? BE A Yi BEY SUB A$ — AE. Ae — “abi arama. “AF” MORAL CHO Se. 1957 4, aR ee “RRO CW OSIM” fF er We coe RB EM AE EE, SSCA ACA A T5808 (Rogers, 1993) 1 E-ERJLAE MILLAR — MCSA, AL EMT TRAN, CRATER) Hee, Ae Muzak AT “MAES, ROM EMEA AE al mencscig Aa 2S RTT RRA mM BOT A RRO PORTA, IEA — A Kitt), Bi TAREE, RIEHL FANART. REAR RUE TMEICIA PLR EA A. EE Fh R SLZIG. PIR BL — 4h AE To RABIES (Toledo) —P SILER, 400 BMT HVAT 75% IE MLK I" A (Rogers & Sauith, 1993) 4 FEA SREIR, CATHEIEE 7506 A HUIS RI CoRR BEER. IBRD, VS ESE RC REI Bi AT OT eA a A HCD SLL IL T PN — FR DEI RRA SRE AL A EUR ELEC ABER, RET ACRE RT 28? PRATHER FAR ATMEL A THO RAEI I, 2.5) 6 WG, TERROR TAKART: BRAM AK ‘PH AY SEAREALL BUELGeAs SERUM, SE AMT A— TRA, BH RE PHC Nn A MATIC MRA, He CES FPO OR. MRT T RICA A ENA, (BIOS A RLM, Re T PAIZO, MATICAL 11 REAR —$ ik, RIFT MIT OA OAT th eA | He ASR ARTI OE TAb A LYRA: Ate 8 GA a LAS He HS. (OE Si) AHO TEA AOR ‘Ate a PR eM I Ir Ie SLUR EE ASMA T OP CE eI OT, TERME, MRI AMICI MEAS LT ARRIOLA FS, RTH fe eh CRE BE Te OEE AE TTI . ae FASEB ROR RE, Ak, RA IM Sd, RAR CR IE LOR CHEE A REL RARE, OLRM RRM EB ce AA Rea ASE A RR, SERA HAAN, CHOBE MT RHE HARE, RESRARETEN, SOKUSAT. FRAG, MAFRRUR PREM ATR, E AEMMRAPTE ARAN, WNIT A- BRA GRit, YURI A CORA. ER ATR AFEMEREEANKEL, ARORHEEOMET PSKORAK, KRALARTAT ADDER 22K, DATATRERE, PCARRD. SUR, Ui, Pama CEL ATTICA ARAL LAR, RA AT AL RM AR ET, BASRA, WIR I BF Dh PICHIA LN. LA SMEAR, AMIEL LIME, Okt DIATE Mes USCIS T MERE F DETEAALIR,, ETE LR HE Rom CmENRAA «27 PRP REAR, RAMEE Me HR RT fle APSR ask RACE, eh, UAC YR, PES MMT ATTRA HAA, SANE. FRR IAN — FC EME, AC A A FARR (IE NU) ESR. PIR, RATA APC AES. Tei CRE RL A He. (RIT MATE ME AMER. tea eT AcE TCE SAN AAR ATA SAR REE FF "7eeRRE dy EE) BR 7M SAG A (ceinbiity) 81M Ba BEA BF 9 A — SCHED AY, ARRAY oft A AL HF SSA ELAG WT NSE AT LP Bt BFR MADNESS) ATT REO SR ATL LAPSE, CA aE a AAP eR io. ABMESENEMTET 237 ZR. Tee ae AREA RAT 1 PE HT HEM EF Ac 9 F} a ed AG PUI OA BER. LE vaiciny) FRM Me PU AE EAE eA AE CM, N,N AC LIM CENTRAL FIRE ZB, AAT RCO Sn AE TEA MEELIS AA SEAR] HAR ME EA TR AR LL, RAL A TE HAGEL AA RA RA A a mT AOU wT A ERY. LT, ARACEAE i GbR. BRLT REA CARTAN ASLAN). (2 HARMED RRA AANA) 6 AR RUSTON ARIS I, ARI EE ‘ttt. "aRKex ERE HE Se Pe Me He P MMM, AMORA ABA, TAD. BE, BAER. ETCH, MEMS OFA, (ELA: FF RMT LAO ES IM RAG HH. ERK RE TER RUN . BRA AT I (celfreport measures) EET (SRL) OLA OOP. BEE. 280 RES SE Hest OT 15 Fy Re A FR ee ci MO FR IRR MURE. PLRM SAR, SANA SCL (“OH OH BIR HE RINE IH my) AAR TT TT A OY A ( fai”). ALAS CHAR LC “Hg Pe By"), Fea A IRE HA ASL VASA LHELER, OU. B. KU. SURO TRAE RR AE Ro A Ls es. UE AO. aT LA ERR EEA, ENYA T MER eee A PRR, ALERT SHA. NA gL AE A B04 BURNER, BENTO IE HEED HET Ma, FATT AAR A RP RAE AL ELH UEUALJENORLYE, ROR, Hrs CARH AG AF WE LILA. SUPT. J er Te, — ae ca RAL IR. te ADs. HEN AAR Re CT AL A 8 0 AS A BORIC MINES. AB, AHA STE RL Le Ry THRE CARAFE A SEM HO) Ce, ATs mae aR HO A SR UAHA Co RECS TA Ao). AION A MP Ae BZ, IT OLE, ARSENE AM MEEBE, BREMIILE Me AACA AEE AR rR Mee UR NE Ua A A, 1 RBs PAE wi "snAmORR HON TBHA, COMER YS MONA. Hb aT POPC E ILA eA: tI — PTR A SLM —UE I. FEAT (behavioral measures) BER IE SEAT A AUTO, HLT RON RRL rt: SLL TE ITE A ER, BCAA THO, ARMIN TUR, TURE Rt tT Atak RERANCH, CRITI, TITER FILME ee CAR), IRE Pe RA MO CNSR) PLEA He DERLAT GW ALAMO MT IL ASEAN, ATH. Sn, PEAR ENO A, ESE MEMO AS AE ARAM LET ML TTA. AK som iam in eRe RIO 2G I nd a a et OIE 2 AAR RCS RAE OHI, SURGES A HORRIBLE BL Ma BEA A PEE NHRC, AR FTA ARIS TRL MOC, te TS SPO RA fe, TROL SATA LO ABH. AES 3 Re, UTR, RAE Re Mer eH ‘ANGE MEAT INL: TAR A TEA MLA, RACER THEE REM, DETER eel ERMOR PREM. ON, MLR TE AMEN JL ARIE, MULE A aE LAT. — Me ASSIA PARLE RUA HET EC, LI Het FURR EE Fa SE RA MAS TT HH. CA N09 AA JL A I SE I A tf ‘MDE SL et Ao ER A PR SE LA Rem Ae, fee RCO ARM ECAR LH, IE + F3HT/K (Jame Goodall) BREE Es ne Re 8 “MAF (1986, 1990; Peterson & Goodall, 1993) #itf Ac AksT30 eA Ae A A TT OE I Dak. AyRL AiR, MUR Aw SLANE 10 SF 9 — 3K SL 93 $f A RUMRARREMTARARHHE SMG, RRMLASESHOPARNTTTRMGR, WEE RUH OF ERORAATAM, RNBEM— AS LRP ALO A HN HE a OS AT SMITH SAMA MRE, He B, DRACAMMA MERSIN, Me TRE RIE OI 4 — Se HN, OL A A FHM RA RG ALT a ART DSDHA AJA Fa Be Bsa. Aah Pade or 2 A A — A RA A PRE 2 ORME AT RO. , DEC RET ERE DAR AILS PR HTT GAAS LO RRMMKK (WAT a, APOE TE AE REAR HSC ARR mR RAE (case study) AIT HERE GN APO ATTRA ARSE BAH, On CES 3 AS Iau a eT SOLA i MO (CE abe Me FUT LERUE THESE A MOT IL PRR ITE. -F— PRR EMM i ih a ena eet OE "mal oe see yi Aa sic (eNO UA RARE, ESCA Rom CBR Rk 29 REA AAR ZA I TR sa EO HAA NO, EO eA A “LINES AE TAGE. MAIER, LIEN, PREM, ELCERC RMAF , SUH te ME RT AEE eMC? ERO HEA AS ROO ee AY. AF LALOR) Oe MEE a Um TN] AMET CIE: HOF EACLE (Rosenthal, 1994) TCA a 908 EAB A EE A MA NTR NESE, HIT SUR NaI BEL, ALICIA NEA A A PH Bit. BAKE, ECE. DANEEL AAT — TNE PA INI AAA OPIATE IEW. SEL CEE 2 (1992) ET 3 OEE A a A EH BOF he At Am A A Fm “Rane MPLA ta SEAR ESE, — AE SCUR TE 1 RRA FSC FT A Be HA ‘a. MAUS AU AO A I TCR: OTE RIN ARO, BOR ALTA {WiC Aet SOME, JiR ARR. HIT Ar UE RAMA TA OEP eam, MEAT ANT, EL ATT iE ACA Re, AN RG A "ape uses AEA ALT AR MRO I, ALL MLE ALA ALTE OER. IR, AAR He EOC, MPN RN, BEER. Het Hi rastettt SRS AT aL AMAR. Bie, ERO a HA at eT ASE, SEE LI LE HE, Gao BU, FQ GB Ak AS ER Be DBA A tl PE SG Wk PP a A a ®. "woes PRES LEER, AEE PS RMA TM UT SERA HRAE RL, Mn ALC Me 9 30 oRESER HERES, ORE ARAB WR TE 5 EUR OA FE BEA POC LE AG? — Se HEE fe 5 A a 9 EAS ABI AH ET Korn, 1987). RIB Z (1992) SPORE IRAN HE SEA: (1) EARS ACHR Sea. a TECH SEPA OECTA PE ORAL; (2) OEE Hs GEN PRCT ELTON AT COREE; (3) eH ema LS 5 FE Ar mE AICO C4) BESTE OAT RAR ETM OD, PANT OBE, HT Ok 1 em RE, "RI SOREN, AEM AHCERER (Steininger et al, 1984) “pom SCAU OTE — AOC TRH Z i SEER. DATE ALLE BEAR RICE R WeR AN, OETA AM Li BUA A BU EERE. SRSA. Se — i 09 (briefing) . Ei (618 ESE RE WLOUS OT fe O41 3 APOE. FP MORALES. BAT CO. BAT Bk, NTH NR, Se TUR Re RC JEG. AOU I Sct RA HA A, ICA "DMAP: RY, BBMG. Boe CEL RAUB ERCP VC an A S/R BH a. — SRE ate — AE SOR, AT PLA ET AE AACR A AHEM TETE, (Domjan & Pur. dy, 1995: Petrovich, 1998) ah40FSe 4 Mb F10 Bie T F525 AS REA, EU HT ae AAAS MIME (Miller, 1985) . aM eA AF SUPE NSO, CoB AC A a a HORII ARATE A). XP abt Atk Sea AN FES PSCT aE MET —eiR RAO, BERS Ai T abt REAR (Nicollet al., 1998) ST MOMMA GR, LIBRE eA SGP AR a AR A ATE LESPBE (Bowd & Shapiro, 1993, p. 136; 2 2 Shapiro, 1998) . 9 TAIRA EL, FOREACH - HA SEF TA A EO RE EAE EAR ERSTE tee, RMR RAR, ARE cE A EAA A EGEILAL VE” (Bowd & Shapiro, 1993, p. 140). AVDA ML AUN HAA A ETE MEL 188 Zot MH AA 3 982% HB CER Se wR 2 ana ME AY AR ASC ‘WME (Plous, 1996a, 1996b) + © KAN 80% EAE AA A BE fH, DRBSEA (30% ~70% ) LAH FTE HEAR TA HE, AMAT AMHR (i, CR. OF. HAR A). PA AV RCRL AB AD CG TET mo. OREM CH 60% ) RA RUE ABE ME RE BRUT, (LAGE FRAT 1/9 MA Se Dea OYE BSE EAE IO ARR SAA HARA TE EOE Seb Le a OE es ma 5 8 al? Ds & OAM TE OR, ARNE ER LAR A OLS A ACA AI A Shit HER ANE, Rr hae Pa a5 SRAM. OE Rk OH, AL Rsk AEA TERA SL AA aA RH HE wee ‘wer ARCA — IS. FRIES Fh ABET A BF AR Bo — 1 PAPEETE I HEIN A, RAL OE ENE MR MIB ATS. IH AT] A I IM Se. ke “aA Ene” MAHON, RI ‘1 FY 8 a A NAA, A ARAM CON. ARR RTE FA dem OIC LL RARE 9-5 LT AS Ae Bike CAT LAMAR INL, ORR RCN EIR ‘AG TA A A, Aa ARNO a A AERP, AORRUE, TPO BMG RIT AOR AE ETM 2 OR TC AAR AS UIC Panta ek 21 tH R28 cana OT Te 20. oa LAH aA. RS i. LACSEA OLA A — a SEANAD AIRED EIE CJames M. Vicary) (ERD BIE (Rogers, 1993) — AVR CAA MF, EIR MELE AE OM ETT NOTA ‘AERA Tf An TT Be 5) PAY CHCA A FR, HE SAE AA AEE MS 1 A AAO Fel, IR LI RR, HL A EEOC, © BRENNER AMIE HRA, © BORA RAT MRE LIRA La EN, © PALA te PR A SE EN, ELE TT COM, TAM Rp ME BAR LAR fo 18 QAI PRELERM, RORMK FOREMHERL EAA Ro Mb, AMTRARERMR — view) LF, AMAR 83 760 0 AMAPR (LISH) : BK RHO 81H, ELEM, 2H KERANER TAH RRR BM, HAR-EMATEMERE BES. RAMA RRA T AAR AAO ORR LALA HH Re RAH ia A RP RERARA LER RBLT YS, SETTER? ee ee RELRM. ASROREATR fle AAMT E, EMT a —R PLACADSRK MCPS WS ASEM ARAL AT (a process of peer re- He EL Lm SE 8 He i HR NE BEHE RTTHE. SRE RTL AM, LRAT ARA THE TRACE ERRAA th, TMH TERERBSA EEAMRER, ik WEARER, FROABRE ATE WOR. RHEE HATHEMA ERK. Hi 1998 LABS (1999) HB HFA T Com RRMA, WHEY TEA—ELRM SH HSN, ee ERTAFAHH—ER, BH Kil, R-RRRA MET EA 6 ee ee a Sa a TA PREPARA AER, A H, PROSE SOM RABIN LH Roo th HR A A RK, PRRAEL A ARLE Et, ER ARE M1 Fl A a 1, SM fe Ha a a ts HF ACME am at SE 8 a HATAAES, Kod (ORF HRB) SERMONS, HA AAR A EI Xo REMAN H ER RTERE Ei BL eR! ARH KERR © oid 1 EAE RAR ICH OU PT MEA. ANGMAR FAR AGATE © ARS nee eH, BNR HO AO © REA! Hh — sa AA fF IY SP AC RLINTI, A HAT 4 FE AFH EY walks eea ie es aR "SRR ROOT A RA KERMA ERAT L PLAICE SRNMRENEA, LaMTAR COM Re, EH TMA ENERO mam FREER ON HE, FRAT OEM HR met, A AC ARI A ATE © VACA AR , AB ERS TY A a im BL Aas aR EAE FRI AB AR LFF ON as REIS RE OE SAI) BRAS. RATAN MUIR. IEE) (UR AE SONI, MK, RITALIN MM. RELL BMAD DLA ADR FOU AOR PRE RET. = © REIT RMOT BL, ALI. ME IEA RCN RR RNC ATLL em (ALL Sk — AUB EE AMR TL SRR ce R. BCA ONES SRBC Ithvese AMR LAR FT A 1 8 I semi, KR er ee, ee DERE 5 Ay DR A fT. 8 BUR I A 9 rae AFT 9 ule. © AR Ma OR + ME. PM Aan MRR ROHL. Leste T © ARSC AM T RE Pe Ri HR a a + RELERAMT ORM ER AMIEL BA A ME AL. fh, Cashoxttt. 9, EMAL tw ALTER, * HT ORM MIMMA, KAA REAMARR "RnUBOTAE winioeR + RAW TRAIT AR PTH AEM BC FG PLE TE AH ATTRA ot tue hue ee x oh tt wt 32 A: 4A BIE Fe HB HB SO: C690 2 oh, ARTES Re RAT AAP HAC A a, Te a A HEINE HCO AR. lk, Taser es— sem Bh FURL AE REE. DOI BEE, a8 AERA CAT ALT iL A AEE IE WR AAT eb MEME oe KB MCPBG ME ERY, TEARATIRE. i, SUPE Ae ESA AD OTE BR TRA AHR TIE, IER EE RE FL LIE 1 at ALON EH FEAT. LETC VOR 7 TRE TEN I A EI, RRM AR RS AHH. ROE: ALE 2 PORE A BSH E SS AB IT H IPT FEA — se ANDER (Lee et al, 1997) «De, He ERE ATE A ae Fai aE eA A EE Re 5, RINT J AO RATA MART A AE BO. A icc YEA, fT a ON A iat HAART, ALATA 5 TERRE TARA, BAS IR, BIA AD RK LOUIE. SUI th AEB 5 AAT. RRA a REE HE TE MRRP TAT HATH AAD AAA RL AN, A DEEE-COBY ILM A. FRAT aA, (CTT HEARTLESS Fe, SARI tS. A RAR PE FOIE, AUER TAU T Sa He TRE ADD RAMBLES LADO I5 THBP SAO Pe A BOL 7, ELA SCAR HE ARATE tr In HA TATA 5 BSE AOR Fae ACM ARH A. STARE AL He, BRETTEL RRA AAMT, RAAT HATA ING BARAT, TD A ses BRALIT NAIC, Bb, SARA TAUA S SPREE A cites. RU, SHEMALE HERA ERNE FER TE RM BRA, SEAR THM, PRE PRTRAA. ALLE MT PRK BARE ILM. Stet wT AS A FHAG, FR MATRBEMA, HEM RAHAT A, PEFR ROM A HE f, EMAT, MERE AMP RAM I, Tate GRAIERE, OER, REO. SAAT Pa A TT: LY AIHA PRRRAATL, SAE ARIMAAAREDE. EH = A FIAT LOR ARE TR ATH HERZ ee MA eA ROTA Ht 2, DIE? ei a a A CA EE ec He HA Candrogynous) AO HHE L,I MG CRU T Boe De TRICE IRAN AM, TILA RA HE IN ME — AA AC CET AB 19 BAR CIE) MRS MRT. VIRAL, —BAB AL, ORR AOI HA Fem OA TES BA A SSUES ASR AHH» ESTE. ENA TAILS Frareenl sre. SE HUNSEAEAEE WE (Stanford Shyness Survey) WME Rete). LA hs MT SE AOL ELAR ERIE aR: BSE aA 5 REAP THE Ne NRE LIU WIAD 4 FEE. SNA LAB ADL YEH fs LAE (Bem Sex-Role Ine ventory, BSR) , UKRAINE, MAH, ARH, BOR BIE IE Big AME A OE (Bem, 1974, 1981). SEE RR He Stet 3K, ADIGA Sh Ay MRI eH ACS, SCH RFA, OLE RM AIP NER ESP SOPEIG HEN: AL SR ISR SSE A SBR T BONG SB HEME. Bee tet 35 36 vHESE OE ROT eR TEN SAN ABA EIT LAHEY (Minnesora Mul- tiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI), 3&*(0) 28/8724 Bt AEM OL 14 RE). ARSE RL * aR EHS” Cogo-overcontrol) ERE, RM ARARIM HET AM ‘Ppp PEI. ERR Ae Am, RAR de RA ARI SCAB, TAH MICRA AREAL, See AOE (1) Si em AET HIE CAR ARM; (2) EHH CMRP TM SAHA: (3) RULE BERS RAY HEC. ACTS T Ht 2.082 AEA EZ, PEER — He Sp RAR A Fe. BIER SR M SSEE FE SERIALS RUN NIL or AAT HEA AOE AT ASECL BEEBE, SHABARR SIE (1) — 35 — if Sr A Be Hh. ERB, RUT PERERA ATE AOE. OUR CT HR. IBZ iH Re Pi. AERP IR TIL: OR AED AE TM A See EAN AIA i M6 I. BF It AC FP ERA AFIT 19 FAR IIH HE HES. 1. EAT A TL, FRR ASAT 10-2 RSL, SAE RIUML A 9 ARI. RAH, DISC AER ALTERS SIM AR. BH PRM? RARE, MIRAE APSE? HBO A A HA a. HOB MPR Tie: ARBEIT MUMTE BET AE ERC IF AT EM A 5 ER EH (deseriptive =) PEERY. FAO A SCF REAR , UR EM A Oe A 2, AM MRAIAREMISEHT . HEECMEHE (inferential stais- ties) ALE RCA LT OE FZ RA ST fed F LE “axeenit ESR LCA MO LB ART. “ECT PHB RS. RSE ma sar Met ee at kt AR 21: RRMA 1 & +s | 2 e a 3 2 +8 bi +o s * 6 & 7 # 8 a o 2 0 8 2, ERA u 2 B BsaG oe te — Ar Se aeh ILL R O C AL He WN, PAA DIANE TREN ATI FASS ATR SRT. DEE A LEE ‘Sr Ai 3. 8) 1 eC IE BM — HS (9 Re — AN ff He A. RAB Ho Re 1 ARERR? aT RAR Ae SAO SP AMR, ARATE LSPA (frequency distribation) ARE SER AEA CA EOL. AA ALE Sh. 19 Pa, OR IO Bs HEMEL PUL BTAM ITAA, TEM 2 TLR BAY ABI HITT, A Te SEAS LA SEE ASE Sh AT. Dy TSCM ARS ts, RATT He AOA, FRISBEE HEA SEH FERS. 1 POOH FORE. AA SEE +61 Cesc 5) SORA ~ 33. GSIHERL) . 19 MBSE, 9 TEM, 10 PRS aR ARAL 9 HEE JERI SCHHIGH, 10 RBA CADPR tE( nN. fae Sc a ok A A ORY SAGAR EF — Ab KOA RON BS SUR OAT I {Bf AP FS HE ee 8. 2. FR UPI Se Ot) SPRATT OR, Lk PE ELAN SF I aE. AS FEAT OFS, AMT ELEE 10 PAE. Sea Sai As 8, sR Se LIE i ok $A A 9 ATR. SR eR CE A BO 20 54+ f6) (WLAES. 3). CAESAR ALT SAB AO WO, WOH NAPE AT SPIE RH Bt SUE CE MCI HES MULIS. B AP BEANS OES BRIS ts AS.2 HHMOER ORR eva +o “1 +41 7 +33 -8 +19 10 46 2 +3 3 +5 “1 “4 “7 3 -2 “3 Re Bes + Paw atte, — seme, RSS HH RAER SMO H ma Roe MRA 37 SA SNTa RR OAR, AE AGAMA H READ (MER) SPAR MA SA, ACT EAA EM. A PRUE A MRR HEE Res AEC, RATT LW EI em aA “E99 Eh Re AY I AA A AA > (RIES. 1) PF SE AH, IO AA AE, BRIT OT FAL, MRIS CI SUS AT SARIS, AER AP CF PR EE Aro ET SEC AT B08 5) LAE MS, GTB AAI I FEA PBII (LBS.2) ‘SUIM S. 1 AUER S.2 TLE, MAR a a at, RUMTSCAIOE LR. SHURA, LRA EET eH CEA ARI ae, ET A te QenrsDMEAC. RPABHTE SISLAE I Ik, TUDOR om LEAT ARSE. AAMT RELATE AR Se eT AES — fn, se Bek fk, SARI eee Ee aR REAP CE SRA CIS eH RST READS. SUN AAT RAC SP Hi seh 8 REA LE YO PARI 1 BME (measure of central tendency) (EERE 5 AiO, SARUM EC, ) CO a te FAIA ARIAL NSS RT teak PCT at PRS more) BP HE HSA LICE AL SU fA 9 CHEB, AR AA BT yee 10 AHA 8 PAR EER CA MRS TCE, RCT no ECAR MAIN, He SIL AB Sr 8 Sa + 55 EN AT AR 38 ORES ES Re ___—_aes) « a a ; 3 Pe $7.3 oS ae aan ou 5 8 a é # E. mS? HIRAM EAE) ‘EIR mh 2 ICA a a ‘APLAR RNA 5 EL SUR AP SPREE F ARSC 17 LRAT 6 SPE HORI. PRR TEU ett SC LEAN) AP IAT 6 FRE LT EI RERG A — NARS, LANA AAAI “Prete” ak “metas” ca RE (mectan) SH At A — ee a ks CG — Ra aS OE 5 MESH — AE OE Ae. Bite BCA A SFE RH OAT SIE AM EI AR ht BP See MARRERO RL ERE AE AE AL SAULT Re. OL, AREA ARH eA A NUE AE: OTA A SEE — 10, SESW RG FA Fk HEL CER BAR ARLE, PAL + SSAA Ah Sh PAPA AB +5. CRE BORE. aL, BODE ak A A A H+ 129 TEA FERN +61, TRAE DIR AE + 5. kT APCS ERS AEA RAE TER PN ee kt SMA AZ. SEH (mean) 2-H SUF IL A A SA 9. CIR es FO RH BE SPS NUNS, RITE PARC TE PER PL ICE OC. PRA a LF wk Ph He R: Ms (ZN) /N PBA, MARAIS B, KMS, (ANA sigma) “Beam mE AES, N FED DRO Pe. BAT EES Ma A a AL 3) ELIS, OAD RCA PHC CV) FE 10, BRIER AAT ES LARA IRC CM) BT CRT ER M=115/10=11.5 PLAC CLR — Fa A A ‘fi, RAEI 14. SSHRC], PES BUEN hn ne AP A, BET RL CEI. AN, UR 4 SLO HES Mh LATHE + 101 EAR ALA +61, ZAM DACP SRE A 11. 5 SN 15.5. watt BT TRA SPCR Rea HR DE, TA A A A EIA FAA. HK EA (measures of varsity) JH IBLE Ce Re 10 9 6A nh Me ORB tt A ft JR I 8 EA EG? FAB FRNA BE ORB. BEES ERATE, HoHER 30 5) OU TRAE Je — A A ASE AS, SAT BFE HA CHIRAL, AM, MURA T mee 30% LMAO EA An a MRR, PT LCC. A Mabe CERACYE) 7 REE 18, Ata Ase IRR — APL (i SAG — A JL EA EE HY TI ACAI SCID GUPEIRHE) Ii, BRUM? RACE EE ARAB AR HE AHR. Le A JL A a SE ICH A 8) — JHE 286 (range) EDL RATA SRA ZIT. MPRA AE THM CARSOKIR, FHEIL 90: (+61) ~ (-29) . it FEARS) EHIME 10: (+19) ~ (49) . HEME BE, FRI Beni AR: AAA 4 SST HT, i Ee A HR be AS A Hk, — 4 AF 1 WAAL AB (standard deviation, SD). CARAT RSH MME EE. EEA AE RAT ea 2. ROI AT OR IS UE, IR EE HAE MN IE HEIST. ASST ic LA SS A BUGS. (NM) RP ASHORE “Shs St” RRR A FR fi, RIAA SIMIC Er CONDE). IEE RS4 HWAMeAWAR—eO MRE mae a (agme Ee) wo ( 7 0 26 6.76 wneNT® (mame ese) ? i B n14 1.96 7 26 6.76 B “14 1.96. 19 46 21.16 “ ph 9 54 n 34 136 “ a 116 wen -s0- SEE 82: waarm $0 =2.94 Boe LRKnRRAR 39 HCCI (CE), ARI RRL LANELAN BET CN), wR BT Ay Ast. ae Re Tet tt ce OR Dy MEL TAA. ae 8.4 bE TI AALBERS. ALF, Me (HUE 14.4.0 tie, “EERE SIT SERGI T A ey a ‘RAE TT LRA) $09 CE Ke USEC A SERA A HE 8-5 RIESE 24.6, WU MRE ADFT 10.7, ARM, ALY AR CPR ERE — Me SAR ARASH HT TREASON, SRR SANA HPAP CREE. RAT, ERE Ne ROTHER. ee EFL PETER 153 — AST ASE (correlation coefficient), ERI HI Rt OL SH Hah HE STS ALPES) TARR A PERM PER. AR HTL RIT AE SSF) — AON AB EBA REA AFR EAS ONAN Ae Bt MV RSME WTE ML CR 0) 5 AE — 3 LARA TSR SRA LE — AE AS HERI AMEL ONF 0) LBS RUA HELE BIS , MSE MCE 0 CL LI 2 . ARR MCHUMATREDDSA +1 ERIE MIE) 5 0 FES = 1 (ASHI) 5 CET a 0 A ZIMA A A RMR. ARS, APACE, TLIC AO) — EIR A ATU, HSA Hh 5 be A HE (A r Hea) +035. Bk, Am AES LE A SEI, BATA SU CA SEC A LR FLAT RERLACABE, AN. 5 aT fc EH A A 3+ 1.00 HIE, ADELA RACE, Aube Ete RAZOR RIG LE IIL. SURAT ‘RU ERR, ELE hs CRD Ze BEAL 0.68 HOME, UCHR REAR a2 ee a ko URSA RENE, FUTMRAT OL, BLES aE BERL EAO SPO TAREE ARAB N, RET ICH CH SEAS MRR OA, THI -0. 68 He +0. 35 BA 0 kf RA MEM UE — ae,” Nai 40 va¥5ta "wieteit FANE BBO 7 RSET RAMEE RAE FABIO BAG, RAE PRATT ee RAHAT TE ‘Tm. Bil, URA-SEAMEM AGA, PZ FRAGMAN He ee &, BAAD REA, CEH RT RARER PHS RS, RZ (OSA Le BME IE FE. ARRAYS AE A He a PE FCSAALGORR HAA —EMELTR? WRIT ELSI A ASE AR BONES. EEL WEGAMA RAMA Rh? RH, CHARA MLR FERAL SY AR A A A LT I PRA ASS STA TR | RAP 2 Se BOTAN AMA BE IE A Pe 2 PCR RRA bm, CN EVER AT ET LORE FE AS IE aH FE A RHEE, A RRA SURO Da be fT adie. BHT APC EA EG EB I A HE SBR EBS RUE IES TT MMII, RITE RRR FZ I EN UA ZO EARS EHEC a. AR 2) ANCHE, NC IN CR AE — AOR LT S.3 BrAAOMNER. REL, RHR Ae ARERR CRB BRAT EESTI). RAMs, SRE MAF —AO M,N, AREER CA PZ IVTER MA (normal carve), RE MHES SA, (4 5 J — A MSTA EY fee.) HeiE a mR PE. CL BOF SBC Ih He TILIA, SACS A FU Le A AAD. BA S. 3 SET MSL — HEA ON BAL POPS. HEA AIRE 100, ESE ID 16, tH A RC SEF 8 CEE AR EME, RAT TASER, AEFI 100 AF 1 tte A 68% S— AVM. AK SRC, A 2796 LTE HCFA — We (10 Fh He 68 A 84 ZH) LTR SAP Batt s ware ' Ms3 Fea S00 ER — Rta (1Q HH 116 A132 ZI) Z (i). BAAS Sh 2 TA SRC AF AE SAME. RA Aa AR EE PAL} 5 i110. 25% HERERO TTA RL 5 CRE AS OL OE Cea AE SRR, A A LT HSL Pe R.A AE 105 HALAL 140, (EL 140 BAR RL BLT HM Wi 35 BERET HE, i A 22 SPEED. UR dE — Boe eR HH 10 TOE AMMAR PTE Be BL AUC, EEA OT HS SRILA ERA 100 ANDI, 49 ap fe 4) — Me a A TR, eZ SM A ik 18 ATER WH RI, OURLABAE 1000 OOTY — AI ek Se et TEASER, EMP READE sit ett OES PEA MM A AUF LIE SE. HEAT EAD ETA REP A SPB IE BGAESP. HP ROLE MR SIE Sts, EA AT LE Hee a TEL. TALE ATLA A. BEM EL RADE TAO TH PET RRS WRN, Tot, BURMA AE A — EE WO, ARREARS, RT HEAP SARA. RTA He ate AL; UAT He 00 2 SF, LA mY RE AL 5 II A BA 4 AL A YE al — 4h WS CGI SE) A, BL A A A Re a ON Lek Se ABA HI TESS SYA AA ID SP TAN, ATE, A MOAR FH ANS A A AR SE Ee AN A A MEE NE Wis HF IM te Me eA Peck aR ial PEAT AEH RAE A AM UREA BEMRIGE TRA AM — TIE, ABZ ABT CLAN AE SA A SEE, ECR Sm ESAT. REF AC OUTIRE AE ASR 8 RE shi. SR cee RGAE A, BEAT TE Bom oBeMNRR 47 SOM AZ Lt RI FL A ORR, SEI BLE H—PBUO Po. EEA RB, AA I SORE AO STAG FMA OATES, AEM BAR ASTRO AIL, ACERS OT ULAR RATER See FTL AT A 5 SBR A RESERV IC/) BIRA SS HER. ‘BAIR CE SAY SUI, Ss AIL S% (Vi ps OS AA) BY, CARR RAE SIH" | LPR significant difference) HR 2 ‘MIE. ARAL, TERME FTE Se HOR HAEM p< 01 (100 PH 1h) HM p< 001 (1 000 HARRI) « SULT TRL AEM, DISC AT DLA AGRROVET IV — PG 5 AURA OR HH AT SASHES EST RAYE SE APHID Re AED TF SURI. SCRE ISAULL BREA Ach. FRACTAL R Sr ‘REA OCF HO, A He, RE AeA BS SL MCE RRL LO BEML, ATUL HOM. ‘BRACTBT DL « HR ABE SCR AR A A ES Hh BS SS RL AEP. EB CPR ARIE ATTIRE HUMES 8.2 BUN — PRE: ise MEAL GAD SP eR AL THT ERE, ARH AN SAE (2 PA 9 SI — FR HERR, MRE AER, BIT of PORERAR, FL So (p<.05) » Bis, RAMESE EET EREMH, MPT RNS ARMM EE HOT REM ES, SOUL, Fem ATLA HAS FeO Arse eM EM — Ae, AS mT, EM AHS REATA BIRTH ATE (ps 10) , BMGT PROTA RS aE AEA, LEILA eB HSL T A899 EAE — PAE 100 Be Set 10 TK Ee, (LR, RIE CHM Sm AURAL. CHE FAB Sh — APART AB SR A at, ARAB A SOARIT BHA, ) Bis, MAL IEARIT, RITA CVE T RT OETA, HER “AMET WEIGHS EH A SSAA AAA AR ARACE BORO, LIE, HET ICM SU AE TIE PZ lol MH CEE Ms EACH AE te, AEST, BHATT SULT UMAE, EAT ORAL BEI. 42 vaeSeiR ‘agen REPRE) Tt ZA. Ser CSE HHL BR EAE X. LNRM Ree — FEIT REM IRC OHH. ks A AR 1 EE PRAT MAIL TATRA AB AEE” 5 SH ASU Hk A ET NEAR TARA SEA AAA REACT Mh. BI AR SIE Whe ERS 2 ACI, FRAT EAT Oo ILC SELMA. RUA REMIT A ALT, FIT I Lak Me RID ET PU CETTE MO, RS ma A ea HAT SPADE. WIE T He at BR Ae MSA I SEC TE GA oT ARTE a Le ‘AGERE TE He APF IAA A ABA A Sete. CEASE RU, APE BRE Se AAC HSE, MATTE ATES Ue. EI an SY ENN AP IN ‘BES Ze A LP A A 5. TORE LL SL He A ‘HLT he ROL A Ce Hl — i eB ERIE AS fa. Wb ik — i re aT LA SEO, TULARE RR, STAT TLS PU ERSAR, ON, EA 20 TAS MAM BBs JETT 19 NAMIE 90~ 110 201, BA A ‘AP Ks 220, SADE NCH 28 eT A FORECASTERS, tee ete EM MHA Ra EE FEARED RATER I WA, SRR A USHER AE 2 000 AI ARIE 20 iE, — 4 RARER ai CA, LA iam RH A OK RRR HERE HL ROR THEE. BE Fr PLB A SRSA RR HL WAS ACA, TAMA FE ATTIC SE Me fe LT IE OIE JR. SEES OIE ERRATA ICs HEHE EL CBRSIRtEAC.. UR Ae TE A I SRT Ht] ATE ERICA. SELLE FEE. EAA 20, SPREE ALLE. JARRE ACHR, CARVES RSA NO UC. HEAT He cH a TB A EA JUSS I I I, oC OEE 2 HE EL MIE A PR IL BAT AS SOM BHR. SEMA TR AMOUNT, SBMA TP A. (ELL LD TE PA BF 2 CAA EA ETE A EWA T COIR, (TS EN EWS 3 BS BemiTA KS ARBRE ARSBBARH BS £oFntA aT WERK Bide 4840S A He FRM Paha EM m 21 tenes: Bh EE LAA i BS HBRRHED HER sate RRB HERRRR AE B Sehhoes: SR Bw MRA? @ Sane RARE aa Oo 1848 49 7013 11, PBEM CRG (Phineas P. Gage) RET ASE MAC. ECR IMR ET HES. 7 TRC AERA TfL UA, HE fe AR Ee emit, (BAC EH. BO (A 29 FY, fa eS BL 10 FD eS A SL, MIB (ohn M. Harlow) BEE 1868 EFA ALAA Be Sek Ak — LIN BE, aE RBA HERE ‘fit: -HMREE OEM, H-REA DSR FRM (Covendish, Vi) WAREARR. SMA HREM Oh, EE aR RATA RAEN HT, WARMER AAR Le A, TTR RAR ARR RE Soe (Harlow, 1868, P.329) Wh, MUSH ASEM, LAMINA. Ze Fam LR ANAT: AOL tha APA ARERR — Pa? Re ON ft ic nl AAT, A AB AT FAC RA SARI Pantha 7 SEE As ARTEL HNL) FRIAR CE RRL HT ATK MIA TE RAO HE. SAR HEE A Hei ELST MEA, HERA CH He Ae FAT, AST LAA BRA EB ENT Oe NE AR He EMMETT ARAM mT Re? SET tor SRE AHO TO BPR, SRLS fk on AE OER, HO SE ete MBE HT RRR. ARETE? AIMEE TART: ER AE, SMM CEN SFX bt — itd — ACTH, EAC RASC AS 6 EHO te ERAT POLL NSIC A ict. BL APA, HABE A METH AEA AMER s eS ARR EC MR, HOLE a, ART AL GO HET, acseaT RRBRE WTI, WAT AM AK A AP BUR Sey Lf dE, (AIL ho AME RMR AA ASAT, BERL FE, AMEE. RHR ORDRTRT, TEM HAT MERTEN, HEL HR ALARCHERON, CHAAR MHA, BH BANHS, AKVDAHRINR, RBWERA, WH, MAA, BMA CH TAl, Raw HGRMMERART. OM ROM ARIE OF BEM EET (399-340). SUL 52 A AE AAAI, BURR AM He aA HH PAVE CROP ATES, MEME LAE AER. FC LE HE, EARS i ORS POTS , SEAWATER TOUTS ET 6 SRNR. ERA, ARON ERMA RTA, HE Ft — 20 NP BA SE A BP Ril. FRAO, FSI ACRE TPA DLE EA WEA, RTE A 2 NE OAS — HOT BOR GHAZI. EH FL A OP A LE A ARR TE, BOLE NIN MES 2 TSB — Fibs, SRT ere A Ram iD tA SHEA. GRAAF MTR, MART RER, AE RAIA THORSTEIN. St, UT eek: ye eA MH A KBE, RT EMIT ARE P ITE. A ZR 1 eR, HITE LP BRIE EH BE SAORI PAE. ERP IT PHAETON L HE HEL TRL EIA. CTT AIR — tA ae eT Ja OT ah FAR Hea RL. RT RIA SCENE ERR TFL FG AHR. Ari, et TAA A AA a AOL, TS fe aM a A RS ARO, es, RG eon PL THEN TE, RECON Pa eM, Ae SEE AO HE, ARR Hee a a RN aE IE ERLE APRA AT EC SRC, uC te Te EES a I MAA I ACT se HCI ILA IR, LRG UF HEAT I. ite oT MEM BU Mew 9 I SRM CON ILM, LES CAAT I. I, We STEREO EBL, AIRMAIL TERE TS HT ARLE, ARI AH S38 fAMenee 45 AGERE TM, LAER MR, Mme RACE LAL MOMS ALLE sates RE MHOE ALLM, CeM Te eS TT II, IRR TPT HT se IT — fee Fae. 7 46 wBPSLE “aicsemms 1831 F, SARK (Charles Darwin) RAAF Bi Fh A BAL, RATE EL —ATTIEM “HMS BRS” GATT OAT. RTA. Hh AeA MRS. |. BR, HH, $UM, MCAS Fic MAM Hs BF RS A BE EE A. CARD ABE 1859 FE, Tt RAAFAIC, MERE ON ME. Bama SAP MEDLINE RBH, FHI SA ACI RR TWN LMIC. “SAT” MIRO MCITARS HIF. MP2 — AINA (Galapagos) FRAG, EE TSE FY, A — eS J a AMOK, (9K 13 RA, RLM TT ALITA, oth AL Se A PRES 1b? MRAM AUT EM CREE 2, ASL OA ST A Ik a SUR GRRL AIP OME, MNGi OL 2 (natural selection) SEAS EAT 2a 5 MB ks — PS FR. RUN. SEED RAE, RCE IHL AB, MRED. at — Beatie, exe RUM EAs A, BHU RAE TRL, RCE RAR EE FN MZMBRAK, Hh TART, Se ACM THAD, ETA A 08 EAL | SPST, ACE eT ye AS mA Ee, AERA LOREM, MAT CE. Ln, ACR A Fy ELAN Ha EF FPA. PERE L.A ET AY SIE ATE HE, GASP Annie. AEA LOR aT FRR A SS EE EMR, OM FRG AWAZL, BERLE FARMS AAMT, BEI DSR fe MLTR SS REA AHA OZ, A IRIAR MARIE U Oy, eM ALUN HR SE, SUCRE MER RE FL e HeMIMeTR rim At PRPS AE. ANNO T , BME SURLRE Te AEE BL PRR a. LMG RIES, HERA Aah AT Be PICEACHORE SLIUASER SIE, A RUHR TLL LAL HAAS (Grant, 1989, 1986) AUB AN (Weiner 1994) xf FAAS OG MAR PUEE, ARERR LUI RGM Rh ANS MDA, PRB MS RCRA TA. 1976 AKA E08 ABR 1 000 RL, ARAFAT, aR ‘WSO, AN OF A A a, CRO KH BERTH INET, SAF LANG HMR Bom, Joh STEM IRS TAH CRAA ET RAR TE REMAKES OR, FAR, oy bet ie RAS. Sth BAD RDI FATA SE AOE OL A EGE LER FEM HAF A 1983 A, LR SE AFORE, PMNS COMTI. He FRSA 5 ROR KEAN MT HL I) IE TUNA AE. HS A ER MR AR FL, RECN UT a. BETES, Ae Hi RBTE Ae AEE E FE a PO, (0 (Huey etal, 2000) ASKANAF (Rundle etal, 2000) eAGNAH yr Re LT I HE ZA SL A248" UREA, ROR te ot EI. RTE ALOE EA Ye, RIERA NR, ARAMA AEP. OS EAE ee tet AIR Pease — RACE Feta ik oitte. WT RR A RR, RAL SSUEIC AO OUATE. URI EMG AK HOF, BE EB BEAST MLE TR — AEA (genotype) RE AA, GRETA, REE Fe, AMOE TRS OE MRA ATR. SL Uh AT AI An AT HTT Ho BR A wR (phenotype) » FRAT AGG A SEAM PT HC 2s. 5 oP ATH, PET RERRDA TE ROAM, SUE RT SATE, ARITA HEE BE PRX: OLA, BRI SALI TAT WB BEM, IBA AIRS EARS, RITA AN A EL Ait, HR, BPA EE, A FH. PORAAE FH AMES, SA HEE 3 AMAR TA. A, MORE, it JLARAA EN: RL ite Nim HEA AE SAS SA Heme tes. CHR, PRSRROR IE nT I 6K, 3,1 aR T BPR OM RE. GEAR SR ORL BAAR TFR) J anim CHM) simp le F— fob) Bal amaemeee FRR GOR AR Zale ANE SUATIBME SUT TILER EE DLL (eA MR, Pe EA FR. FACE A ES A He Pe, 238 FAhewset 47 JERE RCE AT ASSEN arr ARE BLAS eA SES, RAUL DL th — Bo AUT THE IEE EIR, fe AGRStEAC SE, a AOR HE Aci net ¢ AE AULD 5 ME AC ME BET HA, FR AOL AST LEAS, BRACE HCE I, BUA, DAI ERM A ale eo Hak SEMIN, CIA RM (H3.2) . ENR HALE T ACPA AOE. fin aR A eM. PRA, FRIAR AE eM Rt PESACH EAR HSL iA AOR CELIA PT Ae A SR, IT SG St) Me SN SRE FE HA HE A ED, SOMONE EAA HERI A RATES SUE ACT ASEM RA MOEN Z I. RCIA Ae BE HERB 36 HHL (Bickerton, 1990; Hold- en, 1998) TERA SEALE ACHE HEPES aT Fe, SURE AA AR 3 He, CATA ECR 7itis, RENTAL, Nene, TERT RCE APY AR ARSE 160 77 = 330 755 1S 7 TAME ERE Pek pron wanna Vf a vie 300 355681 al 160075 00 708 sa! Pale L__ weanae i form Aor Lake Sy * AMAR 150 S87 muetnit Axa emiee OTM ERO 35 20075 390 76 ame 160 75 M32 ARLE E HOON AR PUR ILAT MRR T RCE, tee MAT AOKI, A eI A Ae ARE Tw, RE HT A AR sian iy 48 omESte AES Ee IL EB ERT 23:5 He, LM RRM RMT BIN 23 (LEH) ir SISNET Aiea SRE, CN. AR CARES, HA — Pew a, Si MRR, MAINT A MUTA LAER UE BE, GI A A RF we BEACH AR ARR CEE A SE He, Sat PT ae TE LICH. HE SURE TLR ORCA ACNE, CMA A. TAA ESE. SCE A i) AE I RI AE an, AGP ALA BLAH SRE 20. NAN AED AU RAED ONES, TCH MEU IAS EMD. Ne, LIRR RR, APTI, 2A), Eat A me a NE “\xeaaNER PRLS EL, ASSEN PR ARMA AIT A ISBT Se MMM ARNE, No, PLAT ANT CAL. FURAN OAT HA MUE 5 H REBT i TBS RNR A ORICA. LSC LI Be SUPRA HORRY, ERE ORO) TO Ae PTL AT FT PRE RAGED IEON ET AAT RER. ESEAMNAR (heredity) ‘BULAN, BDA TRA A A RE, BAER (genetios) BRS +4208 HP AB FLEE REZ DNA (BRC HERB, deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA) (iH 16495. DNA Hi RAUNT, HZ NAB (genes). ABARAT EIA Hor) Hh MEP 4 AB (AFF ICH 30 000 4 150 000 AZLEA (Pennisi, 2000) . EB Same wa EAT LY ES, A A WA 24: A NT, SOREL AO. BNA MeHT BEL, SRL MEDEA REAR, AIR tS STU AO CRBC T 46 PIE, 23 oe FR, 23 REN. TG, ABET Be ESTEE A, ROI T RCA PLOTTED 0 AAR A. HERRERA (sex chromosomes) si Or ee Heat de PARE mE IAA SABLE AR TX eG ASQ I XC Y BAGH. XX SI¢T MB RTE DEPT RICK, CY HA ih sie a eA USI, AF AMARA 50% JET FTC ASE SAUL, RE ORNL A A) A A BL AF. ADL HOSE REA ANAT Ws LAF A FERRO. ERR, ARENAS MBIA RMA Ie ‘AD, 5 RT SO 5 7 Io HZ ALU at, CORE ARE A EI HS, i I PE RERAA RATERS, EAGER Re Se aR ta AAV, IDL RLS TE ARSR ARH AL PEI AE TA A108 AEM. A. B4F 29 HEF (human behavior genetics) FUL EDR, HREM AZM BER IER (Maceoby, 2000; Plomin & Rende, 19915 Plomin, 1994) ATR CEM, AR AS by PARR: APA REM PR ARR ACRE BN 9 A 8 ACA I eV sot 40 (1D) RMON STARR MINEAR, GE PRAT CENA: ATR T MAT Cooncaygotie tins, MZ, SME fl —AE LEE JL) HHMRAF (Gayot twins, DZ, ZA RABE OCR AFA) BEATE OR, kM SERBS LRAT IE EE LAG ‘RAF A OLR et — 2 ee, SAAR, 5 AR saawieas2 4 sae HICH IA 20 Ha 30 9 Se LIL A i F418 REC, Fata eA 308 fax” 20 | aR PB AE | Renee Saw | B33 SESREEAOERAR BCH fe ALI. 20 OE MIA, 30 YB EME AY FETT [emusact | name ILA HOYLE FA HME 5 HC 20 Se 3 5k aR A FO BL, ASTRA, SME FMM IAT HOMIE, LR, EF RLRLE FS 20 9 BI 30.8 Ze 80% A HII A ALE Fa LSAT AN LS FA, AIL FRO CA ARAL, BIL MLS EMMA ATRL, TA, PRUE SA Bs i ASL, TEAR AM ABA, FF (Lykken & Tellengen, 1996) LA AO aA AT I A SEAMEN?” A AO NL SEO. te RAO? ORAM NRA eae? tt AR SFR? EE ATA, Sg A A PSE ASMA ARIE, JRC ACTESE AM. EULA CHC BE HEATER, RAO OR RECA 68 HAE PEEL RMA 68 MICHAL: (LIAISE 68 ME. 3 FP MOS ETE, RIT TA hie ARB, AORN TRE 48 IE 68 PEAR BB BE, FRI REM PAPI ARTA, JAAR EAP co (0, LSA APR aR A TEAR TCE 2 TARO: ALI IPAS BIRR eS eee AK, ROT MMR ATLAS ASOT DERI ART SLAG HEAR SEMI — PAA. AB fr J is Td EP PMH ICO HED LAURIN HOMIE, HSA EAT, SC EAL Ae, ELUTE REAR ARE EOS KE HLS MRR, MZ, TLR B38 FAM au 649 AE AOL eT AS 1996) . Fei Jae MO LIA, RE A EARN AIL AE BIE YEAR, AR SA Be Ch, MARAE, ENT ATE H, ROTOR EH mt bet RMN RT. DRIVE, MIN Ie EIA A Peta i. LS, hE a, lie a FR, WOR TATE ARTE. FERMI At TH, STUER PRU AR, PUP HOTEL. WAS A Le PIII DRUM AT 22 5 ABIL REAR ELAR ee fk Re a Zee BI A, ASAT WEED UT TEE HOH, 4.8 A 08 ZT 4 AE 02 $8 49% (nociobiolegy) IN HIE BTR OH FEA ALM M, ARERR, ARASH MOTE TT RAL RS UATE SRST AMARA. EBL RRL IR FE AR HE SU nae EE, (ELIE AY GUE CH Pe — ee — RE? (Hamer, aR POR NI NSIS RM FA teem? 50 TRESS ELM (Buss, 2000) 9, JSF ASE ARES AF AGRE, EA AIBC A RE AS TI (p. 15). i, ASE 2S RRA, ShahAR > ZINE. BEN BR RAR BRERA De Bc AE SRILA, AVAILABLE A RAT AR FSP RE OER, SORA. ROCA OE ERB AG ALT SOR CRIA HAR Be te SHIP 5 PRAT EM 2 A OS Ae UES ICTR A, RUPT LLM OR AARON Ae 7 BE EA AL a I AO I (Bs, 2000). ALARA See Ay Mth 2 A ese Le ee AIRLINES. ee ASL He OM OL RE, RIEL AT 4 Atk eR Ao a a He 2 OF RAE, EARS, AER N ESR CLR HAAAPREWAM, POARAREXKRARK, AAA A PIR A Rat eR AAT HZ HR ee RSA HRA AIC HA RAE TLE HH ag. — RARE IE A AAR LAA AUPE AB LE OE OE RE CENA IC XE MLCT ELA, AR, ERR AIO RR CAT FLARE MOREE ARTE A ee — TE LALA LATE HRM KE ARHEAH (Rene Descartes, 1596 ~ 1650). OH-R ARON URAALE MGRARTR TO BE Ra HEMLAR, 9-4 UI DLE OM UE MLE ie HE AA. AAs. A ARE A LA EAE ah AE Uy Me REM AB TT, SEL ME BY, METI NGAEL “ADAH” (animal spirits) MIEKA URN, ARI, ABER OM RRR ALA UE, ee ant Be MN, ARMY RATIEHE 1906 2 HERA TO SA SLOT PS. ELEN 1906 4, BEAKWU: (Charles Sherrington) BR, ATA bs RMS Sm a we 2 EL MRE T REM, ULE TS RA FE 44149 ©) (excitatory and inhibitory processes) it BAIN LAE « SEL ER I PRE a IRM 4A AE 2 AGIs. ASI 20 te Za, ARNE eA AEA TA HA — FEAT, ALAS. (Santiago Ra- mon y Cajal) SRILA SBN 72 a Ce SPREE BEBE 8 TEI) — A EAA, ie 50 AF, AEN EO MF, AR CME TH DME: 1948 SE, AAT (Donald Hebb) BLA, MEAL RS, EME EEA, BAZ I, FEN TIHEL—E “IMU” (cell assemblies) SCE HEAR] A MRR DMO eR ETERAT WHA K. BLLE, HBTS (neuroscience) 32 NEI AURIS OURS — , US Ame AO I HE — He BEE Bh, RUDRA TE, MRAM OEE HAR UIP Mc Se A ee PRAT eR A SRI ET— AHI, LZ A SERENA, JU RATES NOREEN AD, CLM SNARE iF A BE, ymcven AERA — ARIE RIVA IL 9 LA Le, SCA RT eRe ae LE. EAE AAR SRT RST AAR AGE, TRACHEA ETE, (A TEMA AT NTH RR EH — SOE LIAL KM A HET A, SRO Aa AS LA aH AM, MEMRAM MZ NTT EL, EN AB EIB, BOAT BE. ATA, ‘OTA PURSLATPLONT OE, ERE (Paul Broca) tC TER AHORA. Ek — SH Nh SEP A AWGN, HA FH OL BA an)” ESE AR RR Ae HK PE RINT AN HE Bid — AS ESE IE FAT ROTA, BR, CAH, A RH FAB AR 0 EL FE, AMR —EMAR AIEEE (Broca’s area). TEI AeA EY, BLADES A OSA BT I CSM PTABELE TE AR, RAAT OM, AT OTA adm A RE. TE FC FH Vif JA ae Wy

You might also like