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Table of Contents
1 References ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Document references.............................................................................................. 3
1.2 Structural analysis software .................................................................................... 3
1.3 Loads ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Design Approach .................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Glass list.................................................................................................................. 6
2 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 1 ..................................................................................... 7
2.1 GL-01 (Vision) ......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 GL-02, GL-04 & GL-05 (Vision/Vent) .................................................................... 22
3 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 2 ................................................................................... 37
3.1 GL-11 & GL-12 (Vision/Vent) ................................................................................ 37
4 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 3 ................................................................................... 52
4.1 GL-21 & GL-22 (Vision/Vent) ................................................................................ 52
4.2 GL-63b & GL-83b (Vision: 3-side supported) ....................................................... 67
5 Annex ................................................................................................................... 82
5.1 PVB Interlayer Shear modulus .......................................................................... 82
5.2 Acoustic PVB Interlayer Shear modulus ............................................................ 83
5.3 IGU Edge seal Technical data sheat ................................................................. 84

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1 References
1.1 Document references

1.1.1 Norms and standards

[1] IStructE. Structural use of glass in buildings. 2nd edition, February 2014.
[2] pr EN 16612:2013. Glass in building Design of glass panes Part 1: General basis of design.
[3] pr EN 13474-1:1999. Glass in building Design of glass panes Part 1: General basis of design.
[4] BS 6180:2011. Barriers in and about buildings Code of practice.
[5] CWCT TU14, Technical update on Load combinations

1.1.2 Project specific documents

[6] D701-21-CPT-CALC-001, Loads and load combinations.
[7] D701-21-CPT-CALC-002, System framing profiles Window types A & H.
[8] D701-21-CPT-CALC-003, System framing profiles Window types E, L & Q.
[9] Performance Specification for the Installation of: Curtain Wall, Windows, Sliding Doors, Sloped Glazing,
Louvres, Balustrades and Cladding Systems, Fifth Issue. 26 July 2013.

1.2 Structural analysis software

[10] Nemetschek. SCIA Engineer v.14.0. Structural Analysis & Design Software for Construction and Engineering.

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1.3 Loads

1.3.1 Dead load including selfweights (D)

Glass selfweight is generated by the software.
1.3.2 Wind load (W)
In accordance with load report [6]
Net pressure, wp = +1.5 kN/m2
Net suction, ws = -2.1 kN/m2
1.3.3 Imposed/live load (L)
In accordance with the load report [6] based on Wintech specification [9]:
i. Residential areas:
Line load, qIh,k = 0.74 kN/m - applied at a height of 1.1m above FFL
Point load, QIh,k = 0.5 kN - applied within a height of 1.1m above FFL
Infill load, wIh,k = 1.0 kN/m - applied within the infill height of 1.1m above FFL
ii. Retail and general assembly areas:
Line load, qIh,k = 1.5 kN/m - applied at a height of 1.1m above FFL
Point load, QIh,k = 1.5 kN - applied within a height of 1.1m above FFL
Infill load, wIh,k = 1.5 kN/m - applied within the infill height of 1.1m above FFL

1.3.4 Maintenance load

Manual maintainance on walls according to CWCT clause 2.3.3:
Point load, QIh,k = 0.5 kN - applied on square of 100mm sides
BMU cradle impact under normal conditions must be ensured by the BMU contractor by designing the cradle
buffer system such that the equivalent static load applied to the glass in not more than 0.5 kN. Impact under
accidental situations giving equivalent static load more than 0.5 kN is not covered by this structural report.
1.3.5 Climatic load (C)
Climatic loads as a result of temperature, atmospheric pressure and altitude difference is checked in
accordance with prEN 13474-1.
i. Glass production (Ario Duglass, Zaragoza)
Hproduction =+216.0 m - above sea level
ii. Site (London)
Highest altitude of glass installation,
Hsite =+140.0 m - above sea level
Internal actions of insulating glass units
Summer Temperature difference, T [C] + 27
Pressure difference, pmet [kN/m] - 3.0
Altitude difference, H [m] = +216 - 0 + 216
Winter Temperature difference, T [C] - 27
Pressure difference, pmet [kN/m] + 6.0
Altitude difference, H [m] = 0 - 140 - 140

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1.4 Design Approach

IStructEs Structural use of glass in buildings 2nd edition and the draft European standard for determination of
the load resistance of glass panes prEN 16612 are used as guidance for the following glass structural
calculations.
Design criterion: d fg,d

1.4.1 Glass design stress (d)

FEM analysis of glass panes gives principal stresses to be factored by the partial factors below.
i. Partial factors
Variable action, Q = 1.2 - for glass used as infills for faade / curtain wall
Variable action, Q = 1.3 - for secondary structures including infills serving as barrier
Variable action, Q = 1.5 - for primary structures
Climatic action, 0Q = 1.0 - accompanying variable load to leading wind or imposed load

1.4.2 Glass design strength (fg,d)

i. Annealed glass
Design bending strength, fg,d = kmodkspfg;k/M;A
Characteristic bending strength, fg;k - see table below
Load duration factor, kmod - see table below
Glass surface profile factor, ksp = 1.0 - float glass
Material partial factor, M;A = 1.6 - annealed glass
ii. Prestressed surface glass
Design bending strength, fg,d = kmodkspfg;k/M;A + kv(fb;k fg;k)/M;v
Characteristic bending strength, fb;k - see table below
Strengthening factor, kv = 0.6 - used either for horizontal or vertical toughening
Material partial factor, M;v = 1.2 - prestressed surface

Allowable stress for vertical glazing infill panel

Design Strength [N/mm]
Bending
Float Glass Types Wind load* Imposed load only
strength
[fg;k, fb;k] kmod = 0.74 kmod = 0.89
(W) fg,d (L) fg,d
Annealed monolithic 45 20.8 25.0
Heat-strengthened 70 33.3 37.5
Thermally toughened 120 58.3 62.5
Enamelled heat-strengthened 45 20.8 25.0
Enamelled thermally toughened 75 35.8 40.0
Note: * Wind load only or load combination involving wind load.

Thermal stress calculation is not in the scope of this calculation.

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1.5 Glass list

Glass Schedule (Minimum structural requirements)
Projekt:Centre Point, London
17/04/2015
rev. C
Auenscheibe SZR Innenscheibe

Gesamtdicke
STRUCTURAL

Thicknes
Outer Pane Cavity Inner Pane
Item No.

Glastyp

Total
Anmerkungen
Glass

Kantenbe
Thicknes

Thicknes

Thicknes
Comments

Dicke

Dicke

Dicke
type Beschreibung Beschreibung Beschreibung
Min. Size Max. Size Imposed load

s
Description Description Description

[Outside /
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mmmm] [mmmm]
Inside]
a
Swisspacer U / Low iron annealed 0.5 kN
Vision r Low iron heat strengthened 106.4 laminated
1 GL - 01 46.28 17.52 18 argon filled / 10.76 55.2 laminate with 708120 10481180
(WT- A & H) r with acoustic interlayer @0.44m: 0.74kN/m
silicone seal acoustic interlayer
i 0.5kN; 1.0kN/m
G
Low iron heat strengthened 106.4 laminate with Swisspacer U / Low iron annealed 0.5 kN
Vent Glass r
2 GL - 02 46.28 17.52 acoustic interlayer stepped edge to all sides 18 argon filled / 10.76 55.2 laminate with 708240 7081290
(WT- A & H) o
with black edge frit #2 silicone seal acoustic interlayer 0.5 kN
u
a
Vision - White translucent Low iron heat strengthened 106.4 aminate with Swisspacer U / Low iron anneled 55.2 0.5 kN
r
4 GL - 04 frit (pattern c) 46.28 17.52 acoustic interlayer; translucent linear vertical frit 18 argon filled / 10.76 laminate with acoustic 1005900 10581310
r
(WT- A & B) pattern to #2 silicone seal interlayer 0.5 kN
i
GLow iron heat strengthened 106.4 laminate with
racoustic interlayer; translucent linear vertical frit 0.5 kN
Vision - White translucent Swisspacer U / Low iron anneled 55.2
o
5 GL - 05 frit (pattern c) 46.28 17.52 pattern to #2. Stepped edge all sides with 100% 18 argon filled / 10.76 laminate with acoustic 1005560 1058560
u
(WT- A & B) black frit to #2. silicone seal interlayer
n 0.5 kN
d
a
Swisspacer U / Low iron toughened & 0.5 kN
Spandrel r
6 GL - 06 31.52 14.76 Low iron heat strengthened 86.2 laminate 10 argon filled / 6.00 HST with 100% frit in 708592 708592
(WT- A, M, V & P) r
silicone seal dark grey to #6 -
i
Spandrel with White a
Swisspacer U / Low iron toughened & 0.5 kN
Translucent Frit (frit pattern r Low iron heat strengthened 86.2 laminate;
8 GL - 08 31.52 14.76 10 argon filled / 6.00 HST with 100% frit in 1058240 1058592
c) r translucent linear vertical frit pattern to #2
silicone seal dark grey to #6 -
(WT- A, B & F) i
a
Swisspacer U / Low iron annealed 0.5 kN
Vision rLow iron head strengthened 86.4 laminated with
9 GL - 11 42.28 15.52 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 708120 10051234
(WT- H) r acoustic interlayer @0.44m: 0.74kN/m
silicone seal acoustic interlayer
i 0.5kN; 1.0kN/m
G
r Low iron heat strengthened 86.4 laminate with Swisspacer U / Low iron annealed 0.5 kN
Vents
10 GL -12 42.28 15.52 o acoustic interlayer stepped edge to all sides 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 1005483 7081234
(WT- H, P & Q)
u with black edge frit #2 silicone seal acoustic interlayer 0.5 kN
n
a
Swisspacer U / Low-iron annealed 0.5 kN
Vision r
12 GL - 21 37.52 10.76 Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 708120 1054 1232
(WT- H, N & Y) r @0.44m: 0.74kN/m
silicone seal acoustic interlayer
i 0.5kN; 1.0kN/m
G
Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate. Swisspacer V / Low-iron annealed 0.5 kN
Vents r
13 GL - 22 37.52 10.76 Stepped edge to all sides with 100% black edge 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 1005435 6731232
(WT- H, N, Q, R & Y) o
frit #2 silicone seal acoustic interlayer 0.5 kN
u
a
Vision - White Translucent 0.5 kN
r Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate with Swisspacer U / Low-iron annealed
Frit (frit pattern b)
14 GL - 23 37.52 10.76 r translucent negative dot (2.5mm) frit diagonal 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 2120435 10481180
(WT- C, C1, C2, D, J, J1,
i pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2 silicone seal acoustic interlayer 0.5 kN
J2, K, N & X)
s
GLow iron heat strengthened 55.2 [55.2] {86.2} 0.5 kN
GL - 63 Vision - White Translucent 37.52 10.76 r laminate with translucent negative dot (2.5mm) Swisspacer U / Low-iron annealed 10481320 {[0.5 kN]}
15 [- 63a*] Frit (frit pattern b) [37.52] [10.76] ofrit diagonal pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 1025430 [1054480] 0.5kN [0.5kN]
{- 63b*} (WT- E, E1, G, L & L1) {41.52} {14.76} u #2. Stepped on left edge silicone seal acoustic interlayer {10481180} {@H/2: 0.74kN/m
n 0.5kN; 1.0kN/m}
GLow iron heat strengthened 55.2 [55.2] {86.2} 0.5 kN
GL - 83 Vision - White Translucent 37.52 r laminate with translucent negative dot (2.5mm) Swisspacer U / Low-iron annealed 10481320 {[0.5 kN]}
10.76
16 [- 83a*] Frit (frit pattern b) [37.52] ofrit diagonal pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to 18 argon filled / 8.76 44.2 laminate with 1025430 [1054480]
(14.76) 0.5kN
{- 83b*} (WT- E, E1, L & L1 ) {41.52} u #2. Stepped on right edge silicone seal acoustic interlayer {10481180} {@H/2: 0.74kN/m
n 0.5kN; 1.0kN/m}
a
Spandrel - White 0.5 kN
r Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate with Swisspacer U / Low iron toughened &
Translucent Frit (frit pattern
18 GL - 27 26.76 10.76 r translucent negative dot (2.5mm) frit diagonal 10 argon filled / 6.00 HST with 100% frit in 1054316 1054580
b)
i pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2 silicone seal dark grey to #6 -
(WT- C, C1, C2, D & X)
s
a
Spandrel - White Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate with 0.5 kN
r Swisspacer U / Low iron toughened &
GL - 67 Translucent Frit (frit pattern translucent negative dot (2.5mm) frit diagonal
19 26.76 10.76 r 10 argon filled / 6.00 HST with 100% frit in 1025235 1025580
- 67a* b) pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2.
i silicone seal dark grey to #6 -
(WT- E, E1 & G) Stepped on left edge
s
a
Spandrel - White Low iron heat strengthened 55.2 laminate with 0.5 kN
r Swisspacer U / Low iron toughened &
GL - 87 Translucent Frit (frit pattern translucent negative dot (2.5mm) frit diagonal
20 26.76 10.76 r 10 argon filled / 6.00 HST with 100% frit in 1025235 1025580
- 87a* b) pattern (6.5mm centres spacing) to #2.
i silicone seal dark grey to #6 -
(WT- E & E1) Stepped on right edge
s
Note: * 3-side supported glass under wind suction.
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2 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 1

2.1 GL-01 (Vision)
2.1.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads
prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause
Double glazed unit a = 1.048 m Shorter side of DGU
b = 1.180 m Longer side of DGU
d1o + d1i = 10 + 6 mm Outer laminated glass
t1 = 1.52 mm Acoustic interlayer G1 = 0.4 N/mm
dSZR 18 mm Air space
d2o + d2i = 5 + 5 mm Inner laminated glass
t2 = 0.76 mm Acoustic interlayer G2 = 0.4 N/mm
Effective glass thickness: I s1 = 663.55 Stiffness [ASTM E:1300]
1 = 0.0792 Shear transfer coefficient
d1ef,w = 13.80 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)
d1ef, = 15.53 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)
Is2 = 82.944 Stiffness
2 = 0.2560 Shear transfer coefficient
d2ef,w = 7.96 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)
d2ef, = 8.83 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)
Climatic effects a/b = 0.89 Aspect ratio
k5 = 0.024 Coefficient for volume per load Table B.3
1 = d1ef,w3/(d1ef,w3+d2ef,w3) = 0.839 Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)
a* = 28.9(dSZR1d2ef,w3/k5)1/4 = 684 mm Characteristic length (C.4)
4
= 1/[1+(a/a*) ] = 0.1535 Insulating unit factor (C.3)
Summer: Ts = 27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/K
pmet,s = -3 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = 216 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m
p0,s = c1Ts - pmet,s + c2Hs = 14.8 kN/m Isochore pressure at summer
ps = p0,s = 2.27 kN/m Effective internal positive pressure
Winter: Tw = -27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/K
pmet,s = 6 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = -140 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m
p0,w = c1Tw - pmet,w + c2Hw = -16.9 kN/m Isochore pressure at winter
pw = p0,w = -2.59 kN/m Effective internal negative pressure
2.1.2 Glass check
Refer to FEM analysis results in section 2.1.3.
i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane - Stress check
Wind load, d = 8.08 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 33.3 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 9.53 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 37.5 N/mm
ii. Inner laminated annealed pane - Stress check
Wind load, d = 15.60 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 24.86 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
iii. Deflection check
Max. = 7.29 mm < 1048/65 = 16.12 mm

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2.1.3 FEM Analysis

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2.2 GL-02, GL-04 & GL-05 (Vision/Vent)

2.2.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads
prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause
Double glazed unit a = 1.058 m Shorter side of DGU
b = 1.310 m Longer side of DGU
d1o + d1i = 10 + 6 mm Outer laminated glass
t1 = 1.52 mm Acoustic interlayer G1 = 0.4 N/mm
dSZR 18 mm Air space
d2o + d2i = 5 + 5 mm Inner laminated glass
t2 = 0.76 mm Acoustic interlayer G2 = 0.4 N/mm
Effective glass thickness: Is1 = 663.55 Stiffness [ASTM E:1300]
1 = 0.0806 Shear transfer coefficient
d1ef,w = 13.82 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)
d1ef, = 15.55 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)
Is2 = 82.944 Stiffness
2 = 0.2596 Shear transfer coefficient
d2ef,w = 7.98 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)
d2ef, = 8.85 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)
Climatic effects a/b = 0.81 Aspect ratio
k5 = 0.028 Coefficient for volume per load Table B.3
1 = d1ef,w /(d1ef,w +d2ef,w3) = 0.839
3 3
Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)
a* = 28.9(dSZR1d2ef,w3/k5)1/4 = 659 mm Characteristic length (C.4)
4
= 1/[1+(a/a*) ] = 0.1307 Insulating unit factor (C.3)
Summer: Ts = 27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/K
pmet,s = -3 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = 216 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m
p0,s = c1Ts - pmet,s + c2Hs = 14.8 kN/m Isochore pressure at summer
ps = p0,s = 1.93 kN/m Effective internal positive pressure
Winter: Tw = -27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/K
pmet,s = 6 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = -140 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m
p0,w = c1Tw - pmet,w + c2Hw = -16.9 kN/m Isochore pressure at winter
pw = p0,w = -2.20 kN/m Effective internal negative pressure
2.2.2 Glass check
Refer to FEM analysis results in section 2.2.3.
i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane with edge frit - Stress check
Wind load, d = 7.87 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 8.42 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
ii. Inner laminated annealed pane - Stress check
Wind load, d = 15.03 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 22.95 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
iii. Deflection check
Max. = 6.95 mm < 1058/65 = 16.28 mm

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3 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 2

3.1 GL-11 & GL-12 (Vision/Vent)
3.1.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads
prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause
Double glazed unit a= 1.005 m Shorter side of DGU
b= 1.234 m Longer side of DGU
d1o + d1i = 8 + 6 mm Outer laminated glass
t1 = 1.52 mm Acoustic interlayer G1 = 0.4 N/mm
dSZR 18 mm Air space
d2o + d2i = 4 + 4 mm Inner laminated glass
t2 = 0.76 mm Acoustic interlayer G2 = 0.4 N/mm
Effective glass thickness: Is1 = 362.52 Stiffness [ASTM E:1300]
1 = 0.0900 Shear transfer coefficient
d1ef ,w = 11.23 mm Effective thick ness for deflection (12)
d1ef , = 12.64 mm Effective thick ness for stress (13)
Is2 = 45.315 Stiffness
2 = 0.2834 Shear transfer coefficient
d2ef ,w = 6.56 mm Effective thick ness for deflection (12)
d2ef , = 7.26 mm Effective thick ness for stress (13)
Climatic effects a/b = 0.81 Aspect ratio
k5 = 0.028 Coefficient for volume per load Table B.3
3 3 3 0.834 Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)
1 = d1ef ,w /(d1ef ,w +d2ef ,w ) =
3 1/4
a* = 28.9(dSZR 1d2ef ,w /k 5) = 570 mm Characteristic length (C.4)
4
= 1/[1+(a/a*) ] = 0.0935 Insulating unit factor (C.3)
Summer: Ts = 27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 k Pa/K
pmet,s = -3 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = 216 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 k Pa/m
p0,s = c 1 Ts - pmet,s + c 2 Hs = 14.8 kN/m Isochore pressure at summer
ps = p0,s = 1.38 kN/m Effective internal positive pressure
Winter: Tw = -27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 k Pa/K
pmet,s = 6 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = -140 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 k Pa/m
p0,w = c 1 Tw - pmet,w + c 2 Hw = -16.9 kN/m Isochore pressure at winter
pw = p0,w = -1.58 kN/m Effective internal negative pressure

3.1.2 Glass check

Refer to FEM analysis results in section 3.1.3.
i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane with edge frit - Stress check
Wind load, d = 9.01 N/mm < (W) fg,,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 9.85 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
ii. Inner laminated annealed pane - Stress check
Wind load, d = 14.46 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 23.95 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
iii. Deflection check
Max. = 7.03 mm < 1005/65 = 15.46 mm

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3.1.3 FEM Analysis

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4 Glass @ Acoustic Zone 3

4.1 GL-21 & GL-22 (Vision/Vent)
4.1.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads
prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause
Double glazed unit a= 1.005 m Shorter side of DGU
b= 1.232 m Longer side of DGU
d1o + d1i = 5 + 5 mm Outer laminated glass
t1 = 0.76 mm PVB interlayer G1 = 0.5 N/mm
dSZR 18 mm Air space
d2o + d2i = 4 + 4 mm Inner laminated glass
t2 = 0.76 mm Acoustic interlayer G2 = 0.4 N/mm
Effective glass thickness: Is1 = 82.944 Stiffness [ASTM E:1300]
1 = 0.2834 Shear transfer coefficient
d1ef ,w = 8.10 mm Effective thick ness for deflection (12)
d1ef , = 8.96 mm Effective thick ness for stress (13)
Is2 = 45.315 Stiffness
2 = 0.2834 Shear transfer coefficient
d2ef ,w = 6.56 mm Effective thick ness for deflection (12)
d2ef , = 7.26 mm Effective thick ness for stress (13)
Climatic effects a/b = 0.82 Aspect ratio
k5 = 0.028 Coefficient for volume per load Table B.3
3 3 3 0.654 Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)
1 = d1ef ,w /(d1ef ,w +d2ef ,w ) =
a* = 28.9(dSZR 1d2ef ,w3/k 5)1/4 = 536 mm Characteristic length (C.4)
4 0.0750 Insulating unit factor (C.3)
= 1/[1+(a/a*) ] =
Summer: Ts = 27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 k Pa/K
pmet,s = -3 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = 216 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 k Pa/m
p0,s = c 1 Ts - pmet,s + c 2 Hs = 14.8 kN/m Isochore pressure at summer
ps = p0,s = 1.11 kN/m Effective internal positive pressure
Winter: Tw = -27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 k Pa/K
pmet,s = 6 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = -140 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 k Pa/m
p0,w = c 1 Tw - pmet,w + c 2 Hw = -16.9 kN/m Isochore pressure at winter
pw = p0,w = -1.26 kN/m Effective internal negative pressure

4.1.2 Glass check

Refer to FEM analysis results in section 4.1.3.
i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane with edge frit - Stress check
Wind load, d = 13.69 N/mm < (W) fg,,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 16.78 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
ii. Inner laminated annealed pane - Stress check
Wind load, d = 15.44 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 22.39 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
iii. Deflection check
Max. = 6.25 mm < 1005/65 = 15.46 mm

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4.1.3 FEM Analysis

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4.2 GL-63b & GL-83b (Vision: 3-side supported)

4.2.1 Effective glass thickness, load sharing and climatic loads
prEN 16612:2013 Glass in building - Design of glass panes Clause
Double glazed unit a = 1.048 m Shorter side of DGU
b = 1.180 m Longer side of DGU
d1o + d1i = 8 + 6 mm Outer laminated glass
t1 = 0.76 mm PVB interlayer G1 = 0.5 N/mm
dSZR 18 mm Air space
d2o + d2i = 4 + 4 mm Inner laminated glass
t2 = 0.76 mm Acoustic interlayer G2 = 0.4 N/mm
Effective glass thickness: Is1 = 306.95 Stiffness [ASTM E:1300]
1 = 0.2119 Shear transfer coefficient
d1ef,w = 12.17 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)
d1ef, = 13.53 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)
Is2 = 45.315 Stiffness
2 = 0.3007 Shear transfer coefficient
d2ef,w = 6.63 mm Effective thickness for deflection (12)
d2ef, = 7.33 mm Effective thickness for stress (13)
Climatic effects a/b = 0.89 Aspect ratio
k5 = 0.024 Coefficient for volume per load Table B.3
1 = d1ef,w /(d1ef,w +d2ef,w3) = 0.861
3 3
Factor of load shared by outerleaf glass (C.1)
a* = 28.9(dSZR1d2ef,w3/k5)1/4 = 600 mm Characteristic length (C.4)
4
= 1/[1+(a/a*) ] = 0.0971 Insulating unit factor (C.3)
Summer: Ts = 27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/K
pmet,s = -3 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = 216 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m
p0,s = c1Ts - pmet,s + c2Hs = 14.8 kN/m Isochore pressure at summer
ps = p0,s = 1.43 kN/m Effective internal positive pressure
Winter: Tw = -27 K Temperature difference, c 1 = 0.340 kPa/K
pmet,s = 6 kN/m Difference of meteorological and atmospheric pressure
Hs = -140 m Local height difference, c 2 = 0.012 kPa/m
p0,w = c1Tw - pmet,w + c2Hw = -16.9 kN/m Isochore pressure at winter
pw = p0,w = -1.64 kN/m Effective internal negative pressure
4.2.2 Glass check
Refer to FEM analysis results in section Error! Reference source not found..
i. Outer laminated heat strengthened pane with frit - Stress check
Wind load, d = 11.91 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 8.91 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
ii. Inner laminated annealed pane - Stress check
Wind load, d = 14.10 N/mm < (W) fg,d = 20.8 N/mm
Imposed load only, d = 22.13 N/mm < (L) fg,d = 25.0 N/mm
iii. Deflection check
Max. centre deflection, = 7.60 mm < 1048/65 = 16.12 mm
Max. edge deflection, = 4.02 mm < 1180/175 = 6.74 mm

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4.2.3 FEM Analysis

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5 Annex
5.1 PVB Interlayer Shear modulus

By interpolation:
G10min.@30C = 0.537 (0.537-0.374)(10-1)/(60-1)
= 0.512 N/mm
Use: G = 0.5 N/mm conservatively

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5.2 Acoustic PVB Interlayer Shear modulus

By interpolation:
G10min.@30C = 0.467 (0.467-0.268)(10-1)/(60-1)
= 0.437 N/mm
Use: G = 0.4 N/mm conservatively

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5.3 IGU Edge seal Technical data sheat

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