[Main] Main Page
SIMPLE DISTANCE PROTECTION SCHEME
                                                                               T                                                    T
                     RLC                   A                                 LINE1                                                LINE2                                    A                       RLC
                                           V           B1                                                                                                 B2               V
                                                                         Timed
                                                                         Fault
                                                                         Logic               flt
This case demonstrates a very simple distance protection scheme.
Breaker B1 can be kept closed or controlled by the distance protection
scheme whereas breaker B2 is controlled by a switch.
                                                                                                                                                                                                B2
                                                                                                                      A
                                                                                                                0            Ctrl = 1
                             M     VM          M                                                                                                                               Breaker,Faults : Controls
                   Vphase                          V                                                                  B                                            B1                    B2           Fault Type
                                                                                                                0                  B1                                                                            6
                             P     VP          P                                                                          Ctrl                                 Relay       Closed    Open       Close
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5
                                                                A                                                                                                                                                4
                             M     IM          M                                                                                                                                                                 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                    Iphase                         I            B                                                                                                                                                1
          V                  P     IP          P                                                                                                                       1                    0                1
        Vs                                                      C
             I               M   IseqM         M                                                                                                                               Fault Type Control
        Is                                         Iseq
                                                                                                                                                                               1 = No Fault (0)
                      Iseq                                                                                                                                                     2 = A-G Fault (1)
                             P   IseqP         P
                                                                                                                                                                               3 = B-C Fault (6)
                                                                                                                                                                               4 = ABC Fault (7)
                             M   VseqM                                                                                                                                         5 = BCG Fault (10)
                                                                                                                                                                               6 = ABCG Fault (11)
                     Vseq
                             P   VseqP
                                                                                                                Vs
                                                                                                       400
                                                                                                       300
                                                                                                       200
                                                                                     Voltage (kV)
                                                                                                       100
                                                                                                         0
                                                                                                      -100
                                                                                                      -200
                                                                                                      -300
                                                                                                      -400
                                                                                                                Is
                                                                                                       3.0
                                                                                                       2.0
                                                                                     Current (kA)
                                                                                                       1.0
                                                                                                       0.0
                                                                                                      -1.0
                                                                                                      -2.0
                                                                                                      -3.0
                                                                                               flt
                                                                                               TripSignal
                                                                                                        0.000             0.050           0.100   0.150        0.200                 0.250               0.300       ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ...
                                                                                                                -1-
                                                                                                            [process_signals1]
                                                                                   SIMPLE DISTANCE PROTECTION SCHEME
                                                                                           Signal Processing Page
    v
                      v                vam vbm vcm
                                      1    1   1                                      vam                   |A|                        |P|                     vpm
                                      Mag1 Mag2 Mag3                                                        /_A                        /_P                                         vamvbmvcm                                          vpmvnmvzm
                                       (7)    (7)   (7)                               vap                                                                      vpp
                       1
                                                                                                                                                                                           1
                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                     3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3
                                X1                   Ph1                                                                                                                                                        vm                                               vseqm
                           Va                         (7) 1                           vbm                   |B|                        |N|                     vnm
                                           FFT                                                                        A       +
                       2        X2                   Ph2 vap                                                /_B       B       -        /_N                                             vapvbpvcp                                      vppvnpvzp
                                                      (7) 1                           vbp                             C       0                                vnp
                                                                                                                                                                                           1
                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                     3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 vp                                              vseqp
                       3                             Ph3   vbp                        vcm                    |C|                        |Z|                    vzm
                                X3    F = 60.0 [Hz]
                                                      (7) 1                                                 /_C                        /_Z
                                      dc1 dc2 dc3          vcp                        vcp                                                                      vzp
FFT to extract                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    proc...
fundamental                                                         proc...                                                                                                                                     proc...                                            Vam
magnitudes and
                                                                     Vpm                                                                   proc...                                                               Vap
phases.
                                                                                                                                            Vpp
                                           vpm                                                                                                                                   vap
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            -2              2
                                                                                                        vpp                                                                                                                   vam
                                                               -2              2                                                                                                                           -2             2
                                                                                                       Find the sequence                                                                                                                                          #NaN
                                                                                                                      -2                               2
                                                                    #NaN                               components                                                                                               #NaN                                              proc...
                                                                    proc...                                                                #NaN                                                                 proc...                                            Vbm
                                                                     Vnm                                                                   proc...                                                               Vbp
                                                                                                                                            Vnp                                                                                 vbm
                                           vnm                                                                                                                                   vbp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0            140
                                                                                                        vnp
                                                               -2              2                                                                                                                           -2             2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  #NaN
                                                                                                                                  -2                   2
                                                                    #NaN                                                                                                                                        #NaN                                              proc...
                                                                    proc...                                                                #NaN                                                                 proc...                                            Vcm
                                                                     Vzm                                                                   proc...                                                               Vcp
                                                                                                                                            Vzp                                                                                     vcm
                                           vzm                                                                                                                                   vcp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            -2              2
                                                                                                        vzp
                                                               -2              2                                                                                                                           -2             2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  #NaN
                                                                                                                                  -2                   2
                                                                    #NaN                                                                                                                                        #NaN
                                                                                                                                           #NaN
    i
                           i               iam    ibm    icm                                iam                     |A|                          |P|                 ipm
                                          1      1      1                                                          /_A                          /_P
                                          Mag1 Mag2 Mag3                                    iap                                                                      ipp               iamibmicm                                      ipminmizm
                                           (7)    (7)   (7)                                 ibm                                                                      inm
                               1                                                                                    |B|                          |N|
                                                                                                                                                                                           1
                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                     3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3
                                     X1                  Ph1                                                              A            +                                                                         im                                              iseqm
                                                         (7) 1                                                     /_B    B            -        /_N
                                               FFT
                                                                                                                          C            0
                               2     X2                  Ph2 iap                            ibp                                                                      inp               iap ibp icp                                        ipp inp izp
                                                         (7) 1                              icm                     |C|                          |Z|                 izm
                                                                                                                                                                                           1
                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                     3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ip                                              iseqp
                               3                         Ph3   ibp                                                 /_C                          /_Z
                                     X3   F = 60.0 [Hz]
                                                         (7) 1                              icp                                                                      izp                         proc...
                                          dc1 dc2 dc3          icp                                proc...                                                                                          iap                                                  proc...
                                                                                                   iam                                                                                                                                                    icp
                                                                         iam
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                                                                                                 iap                                                icp
                                                                                                                                                                                            -2              2
                                                                                             -2               2                                                                                                                                    -2               2
                                                                                                                                                                                                 #NaN
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                        #NaN                                                                                           proc...                                                #NaN
                                                                                                  proc...                                                                                          ibp
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                               ibm                       ibm
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                                                                                                 ibp
                                                                                                                                                                                            -2              2
                                                                                             -2               2
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                                                                                                                       #NaN
                                                                                                  #NaN
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                               icm                      proc...                                                                                        proc...
                                                                                                   icm                                                                                             ipp
                 process_signals1 : Graphs
                 process_signals1 : Graphs
                                                                                             -2               2                                                                             -2              2
                                                                                                                                                                           ipp
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                        #NaN                                                                                           #NaN
                                                                                                                                           proc...                                               proc...
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                              ipm                                 ipm                                                    inp
                 process_signals1 : Graphs
                                                                                                       proc...                                                             inp
                                                                                                                                  -2                   2                                    -2              2
                 process_signals1 : Graphs                                                              inm
                                                                                    inm                                                    #NaN                                                  #NaN
                                                                                                                                                                                                 proc...
                                                                                                                                                                                                   izp
                                                                                                  -2                2
                                                                                                                                                proc...
                                                                                                       #NaN                                      izm                       izp
                                                                                                                                                                                            -2              2
                                                                                                                    izm
                                                                                                                                                                                                 #NaN
                                                                                                                                           -2              2
                                                                                                                                                 #NaN
                                                                                                                              -2-
                                                                                        [dist_relay1]
                                                                            SIMPLE DISTANCE PROTECTION SCHEME
                                                                                    Protection Scheme Page
                                        vm
                                        vp
                                                                                                                                     dist_relay1 : XY Plot
                                        im
                                                                                                                             X Coordinate         Y Coordinate
                                         ip                                                                                    Rb                   Xb
        iseqm
            iseqp                                                                                                              Rc                   Xc
                                                                                                                               Rcircle              Xcircle
                                       iseqm                                                                          50
                                                                                                                                                   +y
                                                                                                                      40
                                       iseqp                                                                          30
            3
                3
vm vp im ip izm izp                                                                                                   20
                                                                                                                      10
                                                                                                                         -x                                                +x
                                                                                                                       0
                             1         VM                                                                            -10
                             1         VP                                                                            -20
                             1         IM         Va             R Ra R                     1                        -30
                                                                            21
                             1         IP                        X                                                   -40
                                                Ia+ kI 0                                                A                                          -y
                                       I0M                                                  2                        -50
                                                                        X                                               -50        -30      -10         10        30        50
                                       I0P                         Xa
                                                                                                                  Aperture                                     Width 0.3
                             2         VM                                                                                                                    Position
                             2         VP
                             2         IM         Va             R Rb R     21              1
                             2         IP                        X                                                                   dist_relay1 : XY Plot
                                                I + kI                                                  B
                                       I0M       a       0              X                   2
                                                                   Xb                                                        X Coordinate         Y Coordinate
                                       I0P
                                                                                                                               Rbc                  Xbc
                                                                                                                               Rca                  Xca
                             3         VM
                                                                                                                               Rcircle              Xcircle
                             3         VP
                                                                                                                      50
                             3         IM         Va             R Rc R     21              1                                                      +y
                                                                                                                      40
                             3         IP                        X
                                                I + kI                                                  C             30
                                       I0M       a       0              X                   2
                                                                   Xc                                                 20
                                       I0P
                                                                                                                      10
                                                                                                                         -x                                                +x
                                                                                                                       0
                                                                                                                     -10
                        1        VM1                                                                                 -20
                        1        VP1                                                                                 -30
                        1        IM1                                                                                 -40
                                                                                                                                                   -y
                        1        IP1          Va - Vb            R RabR     21                                       -50
                                                                                                                        -50        -30      -10         10        30        50
                        2        VM2                             X
                                 VP2
                                               Ia - Ib                                                            Aperture                                     Width 0.3
                        2                                               X
                        2        IM2                              Xab                                                                                        Position
                        2        IP2
                        2        VM1
                        2        VP1
                        2        IM1                                             1
                        2        IP1          Va - Vb            R RbcR     21   2
                        3        VM2                             X               3
                                 VP2
                                               Ia - Ib
                        3                                               X
                        3        IM2                              Xbc
                        3        IP2
                        3        VM1
                        3        VP1
                        3        IM1
                        3        IP1          Va - Vb            R RcaR     21
                        1        VM2                             X                              Ra          Rab
                                 VP2
                                               Ia - Ib
                        1                                               X
                        1        IM2                              Xca                           Xa          Xab
                        1        IP2
                                                                                                Rb          Rbc
                                                                                                Xb          Xbc
                             60.0                5.5         F
                                 Freq                                                           Rc          Rca
                               Mag
                                    Cos              D + +       Rcircle
                      32.0                                                                      Xc          Xca
                                 Phase
                                 Phase
                      32.0          Sin              D + +       Xcircle
                               Mag
                                 Freq                        F
                             60.0               31.5
                                                                                                 -3-