DAIRY FARMING

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY,

LIVESTOCK FISHERIES
&
VETERINARY SERVICES
GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM
 CONTENTS

Sl. No. Topic Page No.

1. Introduction 1
2. Common Exotic Breeds of Dairy Cattle in
Sikkim 1
3. Care and Management of Dairy Animal 2
4. Care and Management of Heifer 2
5. Symptoms of heat 3
6. Care & Management of Pregnant Animal 3
7. Care & Management of Milch Animal 3
8. Care & Management of Calf 4
9. Housing of Dairy Cattle & System of Housing 4
10. Schematic Layout of Standard Cattle Shed 5
11. Plan for Loose Housing System & Floor Space
per animal 6
12. Feed & Feeding Schedule of Feed & Fodder 7
13. Feeding Calves & E.M. Liquid application in
Cattle Production 8
14. Prevalent Diseases and and its
Treatment and Control/Vaccination Schedule 9-13
15. Scheme for Establishing five milch cows unit 14-15
16. Scheme for Establishing twelve milch cows
unit 16-17
17. Scheme for Establishing twenty milch cows
unit 18-19
18. Comparative Income Statement between a
government servant & a dairy farmer 20
DAIRY
Dairy is a commercial establishment for processing or selling milk
and milk products.
Dairy farming has the potential to provide sustainable livelihood for
small and marginal farmers while also giving food and nutritional
security.
It has emerged as one of the attractive commercial activities for
young generation in Sikkim.

COMMON BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE IN SIKKIM:

EXOTIC DAIRY BREEDS

1. JERSEY

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES : STUMPED HORN, LEVEL

HUMP, SHARP WITHERS,
DOUBLE DISHED HEAD.

COUNTRY / PLACE OF ORIGIN : ISLAND OF JERSEY.

COLOUR MARKING : FAWN AND BROWN.

MATURED AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT

MALE : 350 Kgs.

FEMALE : 300 Kgs.

AVERAGE MILK YIELD / 305 DAYS : 4,000 Lts.

AGE OF FIRST CALVING : 28-30 Months.

1
2. HOLSTIEN FRIESIAN

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES : LARGE BODY SIZE.

COUNTRY / PLACE OF ORIGIN : HOLLAND.
COLOUR MARKING : BLACK AND WHITE.

MATURED AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT

MALE : 500 Kgs.

FEMALE : 450 Kgs.

AVERAGE MILK YIELD / 305 DAYS : 6,000 Lts.

AGE OF FIRST CALVING : 28-30 Months.

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY ANIMAL

Sound management practices are essential for profitable dairy

farming.
Important points of management techniques for different age groups
are given below age wise to make dairy farming more efficient and
productive:

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF HEIFER

1. Under good management practice, the heifer can be bred at 18-20
months of age.

2
 2. Shift the heifer in a separate shed about 6-8 weeks before calving
or provide sufficient space.
3. Feed 2 - 3 kgs of concentrate daily along with forages in adlib.

SYMPTOMS OF HEAT: Early detection of heat and timely

insemination (i.e. 12-18 hrs from onset of heat) is important for
an effective breeding practice.

The various symptoms of heat are:

1. Frequent bellowing.
2. The animals which are in heat lick and smell other animals.
3. Mounting on other animals.
4. The animals will stand still when other animal try to mount.
5. Frequent urination.
6. Clear mucous discharge from the vulva.
7. Swelling of the vulva will be seen.
8. Reddening of vulvular mucose membrane.

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT ANIMAL

1. Extra concentrate feed of 1.25 to 1.75 kgs should be provided for

pregnant animal.
2. Avoid slippery conditions, which causes the animal to fall receiving
fractures, dislocation etc.
3. Feed one kg extra concentrate during last 8th week of gestation.
Feed laxative about 3 - 5 days before and after calving
(Wheat bran 3 kgs + 0.5 gms of Groundnut cake + 100 gms of
mineral mixture of salt).
4. Symptoms of delivery may be observed i.e. swelling of external
genetalia, swelling of udder, usually majority of animals will deliver
without any help.
If there is any difficulty, provide veterinary help.
5. Placenta will normally leave the cow within 2 - 4 hours after
calving. If not happens, then veterinary aid may be taken.

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF MILCH ANIMAL:

1. With proper feeding and care, a cow will come to heat after 60 days.
of calving. The cow may be inseminated in the 2nd heat i,e, 60 days
after calving.
th
2. Milking should be stopped from 7 month of pregnancy till calving.
3. Vaccinate the cows against important diseases regularly.
4. Check for symptoms of mastitis routinely.

3
1. CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF CALF:

1) The Naval should be tied about 2-5 cms away from the body and
cut 1cm below the ligature and apply Tincture Iodine or Boric Acid
or any other antiseptic agent.
2) Wash the cows udder and teats preferably with diluted potash
solution and dry it before feeding the colostrum.
3) Feed colostrum i.e. the first milk of the cow for the first 3 days
@ 1/10th of body weight of the calf.
4) Dehorn the calf within 7-10 days.
5) Deworm the calf at 10th , 40th, 70 and 90 days of age followed by six
months interval regularly.
6) At 8-9 weeks of age, male calf should be castrated, if not required
for breeding purpose.

HOUSING OF DAIRY CATTLE:

A comfortable and clean shed makes routine tasks easier.

SYSTEMS OF HOUSING -

1. CONVENTIONAL DAIRY BARN:

Head to head system of housing Tail to tail system of housing

4
 DRAWING SHOWING SCHEMATIC LAYOUT OF 8 UNIT (2 ROWS x 4 UNITS)
STANDARD CATTLE SHED
PASSAGE
4

8
DRAIN 16 x 16
TO DUNG PIT
SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF

TOWARDS DRAIN
COW SHED 2ND ROW
4.9 5 5 4.9 DUNG PIT

FLOOR SLOPED
1 2 3 4 7
GROUND LEVEL
3.6

MANGER
2.6
MANGER 25

SECTION

5
4 HAND PACKED DRY
PASSAGE 106
WALL TO DRAIN
WATER
25

MANGER
2.6
MANGER

TOWARDS DRAIN
24.6

COW SHED 1ST ROW

FLOOR SLOPED
5 6 7 8
DRAIN 16 x 16 TO DUNG PIT
PASSAGE
 2. LOOSE HOUSING SYSTEM: Where there is sufficient area for grazing
practices
19.0

ROOF

BRICK WALL (5.0 HIGH)

FEEDING
TROUGH
2.0 4.5
9 15 4.5 9 WATER TROUGH 7.11

SLOPE SHALLOW
DRAIN

12.0

Fig: Plan for loose housing

The floor and manger space requirement of dairy cows are given in Table below:

Floor space per animal (Sq. Ft) Manger Length

per animal (in inches)
Type of Animal Covered Area Open Area

Cows 20-30 80-100 20-24

Buffaloes 25-35 80-100 24-30

Young Stock 15-20 50-60 15-20

Pregnant Cows 100-120 180-200 24-30

Bull pen 120-140 200-250 24-30

6
FEED

The important feed nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, fats,

minerals, vitamins and water.
Which should be supplemented through:

a) Roughages
Green fodder like Desmodium, Cowpea, soyabeans, beans, peas,
Hybrid Napier, Setaria, maize, Oats, Guinea grass, nevara, dudelo
etc.and dry fodder like hay, silage and straw.

b) Concentrates
Maize, oats, grams, by-products of grains and oil seeds
like ground nut cake and mustard cake (pina),mineral mixture,
vitamins, salts etc.

Guideline for preparation of 100 kg feed:

1. Crushed maize- 42 kgs

2. Oats / wheat / rice- bran (Dhuto) 35 kgs
3. Oil cakes (Pina)- 20 kgs
4. Mineral Mixture- 2 kgs
5. Salt- 1 kg
100 Kgs

Feeding Schedule of feed & fodder:

1.Maintenance Ration for 250 kgs body weight animal is 1.25kgs of

concentrate and 25-30 kgs chaffed green fodder.
2.Lactating animal - 1 kg extra feed for every 2.5 3 kg milk production
and 30 kg / adlib chaffed green fodder.
3.Pregnant cow- 1kg for every 2.5-3 kg milk production + 1.5kg extra
th
from 6 month of pregnancy till parturition and 30 kg chaffed green
fodder / adlib.
4.Breeding bulls- 1.5 -2kg and 30-35 chaffed green fodder/ adlib.

During Winter :5-6 kgs of chaffed green fodder and 4-5 kgs dry
fodder for adult cattle.

Silage: If available, start with 0.5 to 1 kg first week, 5-6 kgs on second
week, maximum 10 kgs in due course of time. Intake of Green fodder/ dry
fodder should be reduced accordingly.

7
Feeding Calves:-
st rd
1 to 3 day-feeding of colostrum the first milk is must.
th th th
4 day onwards the calves are fed with whole milk @ 1/8 to1/10
of its body weight till weaning. Excess feeding of whole milk may
cause calf-scour.
After 15 days- 1 month of age: tender leaves of legumes
(proteineous like grams, pulse variety) can be fed.

Effective Mirco-organism (E.M.) liquid

APPLICATION IN CATTLE PRODUCTION

E.M. Is a brown concentrated liquid produced from

the cultivation of 80 strains of beneficial
microorganisms collected from natural environment
of India.

Advantages of E.M. Technology in Livestock

Production:

Reduces cost inputs more efficiently.

Improves both milk quality and quantity.
Clean shed, less flies, ticks and less disease incidence.
Maintains better health condition of farm animals.

I. E.M. Bokashi as feed additive for computed / commercial feed

1. Heifer-30 gm/1kg feed/day.

2. Milking Cows-30-50 gms/1kg feed/day.
3. Dry Cow-10-30gm/1kg feed/day.
4. Breeding Bull-10 gm/1kg feed/day.

Conventional feeding system:

If cooked feed (Kholey) is given.
Rate of bokashi is 300 gm/10kg cooked feed is given/cow/day.

II. Drinking water:

Dilute EM @ 10 ml/10 litre of water daily.

III. Washing of animals and cleaning of shed:

Dilute EM @ 100ml/10 litre water and wash animal twice a week.

8
DISEASES

Haemorrhagic septicaemia(Bhyagutey):

It is an acute infectious bacterial disease which occurs

during extreme environmental
conditions, malnutrition and long
distance transportation.
It generally occurs during rainy
season.

Symptoms:
o
1.High fever (106-107 F).
2.Profuse salivation and
lacrimation.
3.Profuse nasal discharge.
4.Difficult / snoring respiration.
5.Swelling of throat region.
6.Shivering.
7.Recumbency and death within 10-72 hrs.

Treatment: Contact veterinary aid immediately, timely treatment

saves the animal.

Prevention : by routine vaccination.

BLACK QUARTER (Char-chare):

Symptoms:

1) Fever (106 - 108 F).

2) Lameness in affected leg.
3) Crepitating swelling over
hip, back and shoulder.
4) Swelling is hot and
painful in early stages
whereas cold and
painless later.
5) Recumbency followed by death within 12-48 hrs.

Treatment: Contact veterinary aid immediately, timely treatment

saves the animal.
Prevention : by routine vaccination.

9
ANTHRAX (Ban):

The disease is communicable to humans i.e. zoonotic disease.

Symptoms:

1) Sudden rise in body temperature (104-108 F).

2) Bloat or tympany.
3) Dysentery or diarrhoea.
4) Blood in milk.
5) Abortion in females.
6) Trembling.
7) Bleeding from all natural openings like anus, nostrils ,ears vulva
etc after death. The blood is terry coloured and doesnt clot.
8) Sudden death in peracute case.

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid immediately.

Control:

1) Identification and irradiation of affected animals.

2) Movement of animals from infected area to clean area should
be stopped.
3) Deep burial of dead animals with lime.
4) Destroy contaminated fodder by burning.
5) Thorough disinfection of cattle shed by using 10% caustic
soda or formalin or 5% phenyl.
6) Animal suspected to be died of anthrax should never be
handled with naked hand and cut open for post mortem.

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE:

Khuret (Local)

Symptoms:

1) Fever (104o-106of) for 24-48 hrs.

2) Loss of appetite.
3) Drop in milk yield.
4) Blisters / vesicles and ulcer on tongue, dental pad and mucosa,
5) Profuse salivation.
6) Painful mastication.
7) Vesicles and ulcers develop in inter-digital space (hoofs) and on the
coronet.
8) Lameness.

10
9) Stamping of feet.

10)Recovery within 8 days, if complications dose,nt occur.

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid

Control:

1) Isolation of all affected animals.

2) Contaminated bedding and fodder should be burnt.
3) Cattle shed must be cleaned and disinfected with 1-2% caustic
soda or formalin.
4) Thorough disinfection of all the utensils and clothes of attendants.
5) Calves should not be allowed to suckle affected mothers.
6) Vaccination.

MASTITIS: (Thunelo)

Symptoms: In acute cases the udder is hot, swollen and painful, fever,
loss of appetite, milk may be yellowish or brownish and it may contain
flakes or clots.
In chronic form, there is no swelling of udder. Udder becomes hard due
to fibrosis, milk may show visible changes on careful examination,
reduced milk yield.

11
Treatment: Provide veterinary aid immediately and milk should not be
used for human consumption for at least 72 hrs while undergoing
treatment.

Control:

1. Isolation and treatment of affected animals.

2.Treatment of all teats of all cows at drying.
3.The healthy non-infected cows should be milked first and known
infected cows should be milked at last.
4.The udder of cow and hands of milker should be washed with
antiseptic solution before and after milking.
5.The floor of the milking shed should be washed with running water.
6.Use of proper milking method i.e. full-hand milking followed by
stripping.
7.Maintain hygienic conditions in cattle sheds.
8.Proper disposal of mastitic milk.

MILK FEVER:
Causes:
1. Excessive loss of calcium in the colostrum and milk.
The colostrum is rich in calcium.
2. Decreased absorption of calcium from the intestine at the time of
parturition.

Symptoms: Excitement, tetany, muscle tremors, and recumbency in

delayed cases.

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid immediately.

Control:
1.Incomplete milking after calving.
2.Injection of Calcium soon after calving is effective.
3.Avoid stress of transportation during advance pregnancy.
4.Maintain appetite at calving.
5.Give roughages to stimulate rumen function.

12
Sl. No AGE VACCINE
Fourth Month
Foot and Mouth (F.M.D.)
2-4 weeks Vaccine 1st dose
1. F.M.D. 2nd dose
Three times a year in disease high area
or twice a year F.M.D. Booster

Six Months Black Quarter (B.Q.)

2. Vaccine
3. After Six Months Haemorrhagic Scepticemia
(H.S. Vaccine)
4. Yearly once B.Q., H.S. Vaccine

13
SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF FIVE MILCH COWS UNIT

1. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

I FIXED CAPITAL EXPENDITURE IN RUPEES

A Construction of sheds for 5 milch cows head to head system 11ft x 68,750.00
5ft x5nos=275sqft xRs.250
B Cost of construction of a calf shed measuring
11ft x 8ft = 88 sq.ft. x Rs.250 / sq.ft. It can be constructed with
G.C.I. roof, cemented flooring, covered with bricks walls.
22,000.00
C Cost of construction of 1 store and an attendant house measuring
11ft x5ft= 55 sq.ft. X Rs 250/ sq.ft. The structure will be made up 13,750.00
of bamboo & timber and plastered with cement.
D Cost of five Jersey crossbreed cows with calf on foot 1,25,000.00
@ Rs.25, 000 each.

E Land & Fodder Development @ 5,000/- acre for 2 acres. 10,000.00

F Purchase of chaff cutter

10,000.00
TOTAL AMOUNT Rs.2,49,500.00
II RECURRING EXPENDITURE
A. Purchase of Milk Pail, Chains, Buckets, Ropes etc. 10,000.00

B. Cost of feed 4.5 kg (on an avg) x5 cows x 365days x Rs.12/ kg

(4.5 kg includes maintenance and production/pregnancy
allowance) 98,550.00
C. Cost of Insurance of twelve Cows @ 12% for a period of three 15,000.00
years.
D. Cost of one Labours @ Rs.3,500/- month for 1 year 42,000.00
E. Veterinary Assistant & medicines
10,000.00
F. Miscellaneous
10,000.00
Total Amount
Rs.1,85,550.00

14
PROJECTED OPERATING STATEMENT OF FIVE MILCH COWS DAIRY UNIT FIVE YEAR OF
OPERATION

RETURNS

SL. PARTICULARS 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH TOTAL

No 5 cows 5cows 5 cows 5 cows 5 cows
x 8ltrs x305Days x 12lts x 12lts x 12lts
x 305days x10 ltrs x305 Days x 305days x 305days
x Rs.23 x Rs.23 xRs.23 xRs.23 xRs.23
A Sale of Milk 2,80,600 3,50,750 4,20,900 4,20,900 4,20,900 18,94,050
@ Rs.23/ kg
B Sale of calves:
a) Male 3x3,000 3x3000 3x3000 3x3000 3x3000 45,000
@ Rs.3,000 (9,000) (9,000) (9,000) (9,000) (9,000)
b) Female 00 00 00 2x5000 2x5000 20,000
@Rs.5,000 (10,000) (10,000)
C Sale of parent stock
@ Rs.5,000/cow 0 0 0 10,000 10,000 20,000
D Sale of Gunny Bags 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000
E Sale of Manure 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
TOTAL 3,01,600 3,71,750 4,41,900 4,61,900 4,61,900 20,39,050
EXPENDITURE:-

A Cost of feed 98,550 98,550 98,550 98,550 98,550 4,92,750

B Cost of Labour 42,000 42,000 42,000 42,000 42,000 2,10,000

C Vety. Medicine 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
D Fodder 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
E Insurance 15000 15,000
F Miscellaneous 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
1,85,550 1,70,550 1,70,550 1,70,550 1,70,550 8,67,750
TOTAL

GROSS PROFIT 1,16,050 2,01,200 2,71,350 2,91,350 2,91,350 11,71,300

(Return-Expenditure)

N.B. : Average annual Income ( by calculating mean of net profit of five years)= Rs 10,46,550 / 5 years
= Rs 2,09,310.00

15
SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF TWELVE MILCH COWS UNIT

1. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

I FIXED CAPITAL EXPENDITURE IN RUPEES

A Construction of sheds for 12 milch cows head to head system 11ft x

5ft x 6nos=330sqft x 2 rows =660sq.ft. and common working space
4ftx30ft=120sqft.
Total sq.ft=780sqft x Rs.250/ sq.ft. 1,95,000.00
B Cost of construction of a calf shed measuring 12 x 16=192sqft can
be constructed with G.C.I roof, cemented flooring, covered with brick
walls (192 sq.ft. X Rs 250) 48,000.00
C Cost of construction of 1 store and an attendant house measuring 15
x 15=225sqft. The structure will be made up of bamboo & timber
and plastered with cement @ Rs 250/ sq.ft.
(15ft x 15ft=225xRs.250/-) 56,250.00
D Cost of twelve Jersey crossbreed cows @ Rs.25, 000 each calf on
foot. 3,00,000.00
E Land & Fodder Development @ Rs 5,000 per acre for 5 acres.
25,000.00
F Purchase of chaff cutter
10,000.00
TOTAL AMOUNT 6,34,250.00
II RECURRING EXPENDITURE
A. Purchase of Milk Pail, Chains, Buckets, Ropes etc. 12,000.00

B. Cost of feed 4.5 kg (on an avg) x12 cows x 365 days=19,710kg x

Rs.12 /kg.
(4.5 kg includes maintenance and production/pregnancy allowance) 2,36,520.00
C. Cost of Insurance of twelve Cows @ 12% for the period of 3 years. 36,000.00
D. Cost of two Labours @ Rs.3,500 per month for 1 year 84,000.00
E. Veterinary Assistant & medicines 20,000.00
F. Miscellaneous 20,000.00
TOTAL AMOUNT 4,08,520.00

16
 PROJECTED OPERATING STATEMENT OF TWELVE MILCH COWS DAIRY UNIT

FIVE YEAR OF OPERATION

RETURNS

SL. PARTICULARS 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH TOTAL

No 12 cows x 12cows 12 cows 12 cows 5 cows
8ltrs x 305 x305 x 12lts x 12lts x 12lts
days x Days x305 x 305days x 305days
Rs.23 x10 ltrs Days xRs.23 xRs.23
x Rs.23 xRs.23
A Sale of Milk @ 6,73,440 8,41,800 10,10,160 10,10,160 10,10,160 45,45,720
Rs.23/ kg
B Sale of calves:
a) Male 6 x 3000 6 x 3000 6 x 3000 6 x 3000 6 x 3000 90,000
@ Rs.3,000 (18,000) (18,000) (18,000) (18,000) (18,000)
b) Female 4 x 5000 4 x 5000 4 x 5000 4 x 5000 4 x 5000 1,00,000
@ (20,000) (20,000) (20,000) (20,000) (20,000)
Rs.5,000
C Sale of parent stock
@ Rs.5,000/cow 0 0 0 10,000 10,000 20,000
D Sale of Gunny Bags 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3000 15,000
E Sale of Manure 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20000 1,00,000
TOTAL 7,43,440 9,11,800 10,80,160 11,00,160 10,00,160 49,35,720
EXPENDITURE:-

A Cost of feed 2,36,520 2,36,520 2,36,520 2,36,520 2,36,520 11,82,600

B Cost of Labour 84,000 84,000 84,000 84,000 84,000 4,20,000

C Vety. Medicine 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
D Fodder 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
E Insurance 36,000 - - 36,000 - 72,000
F Miscellaneous 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000
TOTAL 3,86,520 3,50,520 3,50,520 3,86,520 3,50,520 18,24,600

Gross Profit 3,56,920 5,61,280 7,29,640 7,13,640 7,49,640 31,11,120

(Return-Expenditure)

N.B. : Average annual Income ( by calculating mean of net profit of five years)= Rs 27,93,995 / 5 years
= Rs 5,58,799.00

17
SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF TWENTY MILCH COWS UNIT

1. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

I FIXED CAPITAL EXPENDITURE IN RUPEES

A Construction of sheds for 20 milch cows head to head system

11ft x 5ft x 10nos=550sqft x 2 rows=1,100sq.ft.
and common working space 4ftx50ft=200sqft. 3,25,000.00
Total sq.ft=1300sqft x Rs.250/ sq.ft.

B Cost of construction of a calf shed measuring 12ft x 16ft

= 192 sq.ft. Can constructed with G.C.I roof, cemented flooring,
covered with bricks walls (192 sq.ft. x Rs 250/-) 48,000.00

C Cost of construction of 1 store cum attendant quarters,

measuring 15ft x 15ft= 225 sq.ft. The structure will be made up 56,250.00
of bamboo & timber and plastered with cement @ 250/-sq ft.
(15ft x 15ft x Rs 250/-)
D Cost of twenty Jersey crossbreed cows @ Rs.25, 000 each with 5,00,000.00
calf on foot.
E Electric Chaff Cutter 25,000.00
F Milking Machine (Bucket type) 70,000.00
G Land and fodder development Rs 5,000/acres x 10 acres 50,000.00
TOTAL AMOUNT Rs.10,74,250.00
II RECURRING EXPENDITURE
A Purchase of Milk Pail, Chains, Buckets, Ropes etc. 20,000.00

B Cost of feed 4.5 kg (on an avg) x20cows x 365days=32,850 kgs 3,94,200.00

x Rs.12/kg. (4.5 includes maintenance and
production/pregnancy allowance)
C Cost of Insurance of twenty Cows @ 12% for a period of three 60,000.00
years.
D Cost of three Labours @ Rs.3,500/- month for 1 year 1,26,000.00
E Veterinary Assistant & medicines 20,000.00
F Miscellaneous 20,000.00
Total Amount Rs.6,40,200.00

18
PROJECTED OPERATING STATEMENT OF TWENTY MILCH COWS DAIRY UNIT

FIVE YEAR OF OPERATION

RETURNS

SL. PARTICULARS 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH TOTAL

No 20 cows 20cows 20 cows 20cows 20 cows
x 8ltrs x305days x 12lts x 12lts x 12lts
x 305days x10 ltrs x305days x 305days x 305days
x Rs.23 x Rs.23 xRs.23 xRs.23 xRs.23
A Sale of Milk 11,22,400 14,03,000 16,83,600 16,83,600 16,83,600 75,76,200
@ Rs.23/ kg
B Sale of calves:
a.Male 10x3000 10x3000 10x3000 10x3000 10x3000 1,50,000
@ Rs.3,000 (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) (30,000)
b.Female 6x5000 6x5000 6x5000 6x5000 6x5000 1,50,000
@Rs.5,000 (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) (30,000)
Sale of parent 4x5000 4x5000
stock 0 0 0 (20,000) (20,000) 40,000
@ Rs.5,000/cow
C Sale of Gunny 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 35,000
Bags
D Sale of Manure 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 1,50,000
TOTAL 12,19,400 15,00,000 17,80,600 18,00,600 18,00,600 81,01,200
EXPENDITURE:-

A Cost of feed 3,94,200 3,94,200 3,94,200 3,94,200 3,94,200 19,71,000

B Cost of Labour 1,26,000 1,26,000 1,26,000 1,26,000 1,26,000 6,30,000

C Vety. Medicine 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 1,00,000
D Fodder 50,000 50,000 50,000 50000 50,000 2,50,000
E Insurance 60,000 60,000 1,20,000
F Miscellaneous 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 1,00,000
TOTAL 6,70,200 6,10,200 6,10,200 6,70,200 6,10,200 13,97,000

GROSS PROFIT 5,49,200 8,89,800 11,70,400 11,30,400 11,90,400 49,30,200

(Return- Expenditure)

N.B. : Average annual Income ( by calculating mean of net profit of five years)= Rs 43,93,025 / 5 years
= Rs 8,78,605.00

19
 COMPARITIVE INCOME STATEMENT BETWEEN
A GOVERNMENT SERVANT AND A DAIRY FARMER

Sl. Employed Lowest Gazetted Self Employed Farmer

No Officer Income per Annum
Income per Annum

12 dairy unit 20 dairy unit

1. Rs, 3,67,608/- Rs, 5,58,799/- Rs 8,78,605/-

2. Age limit on for 58 yrs. No Age limit.

3. Single Employment and Other members of the family can

Time constraint (10 Am- 4 Pm). also be engaged/provide
employment to others.

4. Sikkim Government Service Conduct rule not applicable.

Conduct rule is applicable.

5. Earning Limited. Earning not limited.

6. No other activities like Can pick up other activities

entrepreneurship for income simultaneously for added income.
generation.

20
MILK FOR HEALTH
&
RURAL PROSPERITY