Larry Page

Lawrence "Larry" Page[4] (born March 26, 1973) is Google for me,. In an interview Page said that In music
an American computer scientist and an Internet en- youre very cognizant of time. Time is like the primary
trepreneur who co-founded Google Inc. with Sergey Brin thing and that If you think about it from a music point of
in 1998.[1][5] view, if youre a percussionist, you hit something, its got
to happen in milliseconds, fractions of a second.[7][22][22]
Page is the chief executive ocer (CEO) of Googles
parent company, Alphabet Inc. After stepping aside as Page was rst attracted to computers when he was six
Google CEO in August 2001 in favour of Eric Schmidt, years old, as he was able to play with the stu lying
he re-assumed the role in April 2011. He announced aroundrst-generation personal computersthat had
his intention to step aside a second time in July 2015 been left by his parents.[18] He became the rst kid in his
to become CEO of Alphabet, under which Googles as- elementary school to turn in an assignment from a word
sets would be reorganized. Under Page, Alphabet is processor".[23] His older brother also taught him to take
seeking to deliver major advancements in a variety of things apart and before long he was taking everything in
industries.[6] his house apart to see how it worked. He said that from
In November 2016, he is the 12th richest person in the a very early age, I also realized I wanted to invent things.
world, with an estimated net worth of US$36.9 billion. So I became really interested in technology and business.
Probably from when I was 12, I knew I was going to start
Page is the inventor of PageRank, Googles best-known a company eventually.[23]
search ranking algorithm.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Page re-
Page attended the Okemos Montessori School (now
ceived the Marconi Prize in 2004.[14]
called Montessori Radmoor) in Okemos, Michigan, from
1975 to 1979, and graduated from East Lansing High
School in 1991. He attended Interlochen Center for the
1 Early life and education Arts as a saxophonist for two summers while in high
school. Page holds a Bachelor of Science in computer
Page was born March 26, 1973, [15]
in East Lansing, engineering from the University of Michigan, with hon-
Michigan. [16]
His father, Carl Victor Page, Sr., earned a ors and a Master of[24] Science in computer science from
PhD in computer science from the University of Michi- Stanford University. While at the University of Michi-
gan in 1965, when the eld was being established, and gan, Page created an inkjet printer made of Lego bricks
has been described by BBC reporter Will Smale as a pi- (literally a line plotter), after he thought it possible to print
oneer in computer science and articial intelligence. [17] large posters cheaply with the use of inkjet cartridges
He was a computer science professor at Michigan State Page reverse-engineered the ink cartridge, and built all
University and Pages mother, Gloria, was an instruc- of the electronics and mechanics to drive it.[25] Page
tor in computer programming at Lyman Briggs College served as the president of [26] the Beta Epsilon chapter of the
at Michigan State University. [18][17][19]
Pages mother is Eta Kappa Nu fraternity, and was a member of the
Jewish. 1993 Maize & Blue University of Michigan Solar Car
team.[27] As an undergrad at the University of Michigan,
During an interview, Page recalled his childhood, not- he proposed that the school replace its bus system with
ing that his house was usually a mess, with computers, a PRT System which is essentially a driverless monorail
science and technology magazines and Popular Science with separate cars for every passenger.[7] He also devel-
magazines all over the place, an environment in which oped a business plan for a company that would use soft-
he immersed himself. Page was an avid reader during ware to build a music synthesizer during this time.[22]
his youth, writing in his 2013 Google founders letter that
I remember spending a huge amount of time poring
over books and magazines.[20][21] According to writer
Nicholas Carlson, the combined inuence of Pages home 2 PhD studies and research
atmosphere and his attentive parents fostered creativity
and invention. Page also played saxophone and stud- After enrolling in a computer science PhD program at
ied music composition while growing up. Page has men- Stanford University, Page was in search of a dissertation
tioned that his musical education inspired his impatience theme and considered exploring the mathematical prop-
and obsession with speed in computing. In some sense erties of the World Wide Web, understanding its
I feel like music training led to the high-speed legacy of link structure as a huge graphhis supervisor, Terry

1
2 2 PHD STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Winograd, encouraged him to pursue the idea, and Combining their ideas, the pair began utilizing Pages
Page recalled in 2008 that it was the best advice he dormitory room as a machine laboratory, and extracted
had ever received.[28] He also considered doing re- spare parts from inexpensive computers to create a device
search on telepresence and autonomous cars during this that they used to connect the nascent search engine with
time.[29][30][31] Stanfords broadband campus network.[31] After lling
Page focused on the problem of nding out which web Pages room with equipment, they then converted Brins
pages link to a given page, considering the number and dorm room into an oce and programming center, where
nature of such backlinks as valuable information for that they tested their new search engine designs on the Web.
The rapid growth of their project caused Stanfords com-
pagethe role of citations in academic publishing would
also become pertinent for the research.[31] Sergey Brin, a puting infrastructure to experience problems.[33]
fellow Stanford PhD student, would soon join Pages re-Page and Brin used the formers basic HTML program-
search project, nicknamed "BackRub.[31] Together, the ming skills to set up a simple search page for users, as
pair authored a research paper titled The Anatomy of they did not have a web page developer to create anything
a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine, which visually elaborate. They also began using any computer
became one of the most downloaded scientic documents part they could nd to assemble the necessary comput-
in the history of the Internet at the time.[18][30] ing power to handle searches by multiple users. As their
John Battelle, cofounder of Wired magazine, wrote that search engine grew in popularity among Stanford users,
Page had reasoned that the: it required additional servers to process the queries. In
August 1996, the initial version of Google, still on the
... entire Web was loosely based on the Stanford University website, was made available to Inter-
premise of citationafter all, what is a link but net users.[31]
a citation? If he could devise a method to count
and qualify each backlink on the Web, as Page
puts it the Web would become a more valuable
place.[31]

Battelle further described how Page and Brin began work-

ing together on the project:

At the time Page conceived of BackRub,

the Web comprised an estimated 10 million
documents, with an untold number of links
between them. The computing resources re-
quired to crawl such a beast were well beyond
the usual bounds of a student project. Unaware
of exactly what he was getting into, Page began
building out his crawler. The ideas complex-
ity and scale lured Brin to the job. A polymath
who had jumped from project to project with- Page and Sergey Brin by Graziano Origa
out settling on a thesis topic, he found the
premise behind BackRub fascinating. I talked By early 1997, the BackRub page described the state as
to lots of research groups around the school, follows:
Brin recalls, and this was the most exciting
project, both because it tackled the Web, which Some Rough Statistics (from Au-
represents human knowledge, and because I gust 29, 1996)
liked Larry.[31] Total indexable HTML urls:
75.2306 Million
2.1 Search engine development Total content downloaded:
207.022 gigabytes
To convert the backlink data gathered by BackRubs web ...
crawler into a measure of importance for a given web
page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm, BackRub is written in Java and
and realized that it could be used to build a search en- Python and runs on several Sun
gine far superior to existing ones.[31] The new algorithm Ultras and Intel Pentiums running
relied on a new kind of technology that analyzed the rel- Linux. The primary database is
evance of the backlinks that connected one Web page to kept on a Sun Ultra series II with
another.[32] 28GB of disk. Scott Hassan and
 3

3 Google

The mathematical website interlinking that the PageRank algo-

rithm facilitates, illustrated by size-percentage correlation of the
circles. The algorithm was named after Page himself.

Alan Steremberg have provided a

great deal of very talented imple-
mentation help. Sergey Brin has
also been very involved and de- Page in the early days of Google
serves many thanks.
- Larry Page
page@cs.stanford.edu[34] 3.1 19982001

3.1.1 Founding
BackRub already exhibited the rudimentary functions
and characteristics of a search engine: a query input was
Mark Malseed wrote in a 2007 feature story:
entered and it provided a list of backlinks ranked by im-
portance. Page recalled: We realized that we had a
querying tool. It gave you a good overall ranking of Soliciting funds from faculty members,
[35]
pages and ordering of follow-up pages. Page said that family and friends, Brin and Page scraped to-
in mid-1998 they nally realized the further potential of gether enough to buy some servers and rent that
their project: Pretty soon, we had 10,000 searches a day. famous garage in Menlo Park. ... [soon after],
And we gured, maybe this is really real. [33] Sun Microsystems co-founder Andy Bechtol-
sheim wrote a $100,000 check to Google,
Some compared Page and Brins vision to the impact of Inc. The only problem was, Google, Inc. did
Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of modern printing: not yet existthe company hadn't yet been in-
corporated. For two weeks, as they handled the
In 1440, Johannes Gutenberg introduced paperwork, the young men had nowhere to de-
Europe to the mechanical printing press, print- posit the money.[38]
ing Bibles for mass consumption. The technol-
ogy allowed for books and manuscripts orig- In 1998,[39] Brin and Page incorporated Google, Inc.[40]
inally replicated by hand to be printed at a with the initial domain name of "Googol, derived from
much faster rate, thus spreading knowledge and a number that consists of one followed by one hun-
helping to usher in the European Renaissance dred zerosthis represented the vast amount of data
... Google has done a similar job.[36] that the search engine was intended to explore. Follow-
ing inception, Page appointed himself as CEO, while
The comparison was also noted by the authors of The Brin, named [7]
Googles co-founder, served as Googles
Google Story: Not since Gutenberg ... has any new in- president. Writer Nicholas Carlson wrote in 2014:
vention empowered individuals, and transformed access
to information, as profoundly as Google.[37] Also, not While Google is often thought of as the
long after the two cooked up their new engine for web invention of two young computer whizzes
searches, they began thinking about information that was Sergey and Larry, Larry and Sergeythe truth
at the time beyond the web, such as digitizing books and is that Google is a creation of Larry Page,
expanding health information.[33] helped along by Sergey Brin.[7]
4 3 GOOGLE

The pairs mission was: to organize the worlds infor- who developed algorithms to those who built data cen-
mation and make it universally accessible and useful.[41] tersto think about lag times. He also pushed for keep-
With a US$1-million loan from friends and family, the ing Googles home page famously sparse in its design be-
inaugural team eventually moved into a Mountain View cause it would help the search results load faster.[22]
oce by the start of 2000. In 1999, Page experimented
with smaller sized server units so that Google could t
more into each square meter of the third-party ware- 3.2 20012011
houses that the company rented to store their servers,
which eventually led to a search engine that ran much 3.2.1 Changes in management and expansion
faster than Googles competitors at the time.[7]
After Silicon Valleys two most prominent investors,
By June 2000, Google had indexed one billion Internet Kleiner Perkins Caueld & Byers and Sequoia Capital,
URLs, or Uniform Resource Locators, making it the most agreed to invest a combined total of $25 million into
comprehensive search engine on the Web at the time. The Google, they applied pressure on Page to step down as
company cited NEC Research Institute data in its June 26 CEO so that a more experienced leader could build a
press release, stating that there are more than 1 billion world-class management team. Page eventually became
web pages online today, with Google providing access amenable to the idea after meeting with other technology
to 560 million full-text indexed web pages and 500 mil- CEOs, including Steve Jobs and Intels Andrew Grove.
lion partially indexed URLs.[42] Eric Schmidt, who had been hired as Chairman of Google
in March 2001, left his full-time position as the CEO of
3.1.2 Early management style Novell to take on the same role at Google in August of the
same year, and Page moved aside to assume the President
[7]
During his rst tenure as CEO, Page embarked on a of Products role.
failed attempt to re all of Googles project managers in Under Schmidts leadership, Google underwent a period
2001. Pages plan involved all of Googles engineers re- of major growth and expansion, which included its initial
porting to a VP of engineering, who would then report public oering (IPO) on August 20, 2004. However, he
directly to himPage explained that he didnt like non- always acted in consultation with Page and Brin when he
engineers supervising engineers due to their limited tech- embarked on initiatives such as the hiring of an executive
nical knowledge.[7] Page even documented his manage- team and the creation of a sales force management sys-
ment tenets for his team to use as a reference: tem. Furthermore, Page remained the boss at Google in
the eyes of the employees, as he gave nal approval on all
Don't delegate: Do everything you can yourself to new hires and it was Page who provided the signature for
make things go faster. the IPO, the latter making him a billionaire at the age of
thirty.[7]
Don't get in the way if you're not adding value. Let
the people actually doing the work talk to each other Page led the acquisition of Android for $50 million in
while you go do something else. 2005 to fulll his ambition to place handheld computers
in the possession of consumers so that they could access
Don't be a bureaucrat. Google from anywhere. The purchase was made without
Schmidts knowledge, but the CEO was not perturbed by
Ideas are more important than age. Just because the relatively small acquisition. Page became passionate
someone is junior doesn't mean they don't deserve about Android, and spent large amounts of time with An-
respect and cooperation. droid CEO and cofounder Andy Rubin. By September
The worst thing you can do is stop someone from 2008, T-Mobile launched the G1, the rst phone using
doing something by saying, No. Period. If you say Android software and, by 2010, 17.2 percent of the hand-
no, you have to help them nd a better way to get it set market consisted of Android sales, overtaking Apple
done.[7] for the rst time. Android became the worlds most pop-
ular mobile operating system shortly afterward.[7]
Even though Pages new model was unsustainable and led
to disgruntlement among the aected employees, his is- 3.2.2 Assumption of CEO position at Google
sue with engineers being managed by non-engineering
sta gained traction more broadly. Eventually, the prac- Following a January 2011 announcement,[44] Page o-
tice of only instating engineers into the management rolescially became the chief executive of Google on April
of engineering teams was established as a standard across 4, 2011, while Schmidt stepped down to become ex-
Silicon Valley.[43] ecutive chairman.[45] By this time, Google had over
Page also believed that the faster Googles search engine $180 billion[46]
market capitalization and more than 24,000
returned answers, the more it would be used. He fretted employees.
over milliseconds and pushed his engineersfrom those After Schmidt announced the end of his tenure as CEO
3.3 20112013 5

on January 20, 2011, he jokingly tweeted on Twitter: might look like.[48]

Adult-supervision no longer needed. Quartz organiza- The eventual results of Kennedy, which were progres-
tional management reporter, Max Nisen, described the sively rolled out from June 2011 until January 2013, were
decade prior to Pages second appointment as Googles described by The Verge technology publication as fo-
CEO as his lost decade. While Page continued to exert cused upon renement, white space, cleanliness, elas-
a signicant inuence at Google during this time, over- ticity, usefulness, and most of all simplicity. The nal
seeing product development and other operations, he be- products were aligned with Pages aim for a consistent
came increasingly disconnected and less responsive over suite of products that can move fast, and Kennedy was
time.[7][43]
called a design revolution by Duarte. Pages UXA
(user/graphics interface) design team then emerged from
the Kennedy project, tasked with designing and de-
3.3 20112013 veloping a true UI framework that transforms Googles
application software into a beautiful, mature, accessible
As Googles new CEO, Pages two key goals were the de- and consistent platform for its users. Unspoken of in
velopment of greater autonomy for the executives over- public, the small UXA unit was designed to ensure that
seeing the most important divisions, and higher levels Kennedy became an institution.[48]
of collaboration, communication and unity among the
teams. Page also formed what the media called the L-
Team, a group of senior vice-presidents who reported
directly to him and worked in close proximity to his of-
ce for a portion of the working week.[47] Additionally,
he reorganized the companys senior management, plac- 3.3.2 Acquisition strategy and new products
ing a CEO-like manager at the top of Googles most im-
portant product divisions, including YouTube, AdWords, When acquiring products and companies for Google,
and Google Search.[7] Page asked whether the business acquisition passed the
In accordance with a more cohesive team environment, toothbrush test as an initial qualier, asking the question
Page declared a new zero tolerance for ghting policy Is it something you will use once or twice a day, and does
that contrasted with his approach during the early days of it make your life better?". This approach looked for use-
Google, when he would use his harsh and intense argu- fulness above protability, and long-term potential over
ments with Brin as an exemplar for senior management. near-term nancial gain, which has been noted as rare in
[52][53][54]
Page had changed his thinking during his time away from business acquiring processes.
the CEO role, as he eventually arrived at the conclusion With Facebook's inuence rapidly expanding during the
that his greatly ambitious goals required a harmonious start of Pages second tenure, he nally responded to the
team dynamic. As part of Pages collaborative rejuve- intensive competition with Googles own social network,
nation process, Googles products and applications were Google+, in mid-2011. After several delays, the social
consolidated and underwent an aesthetic overhaul.[43][48] network was released through a very limited eld test and
was led by Vic Gundotra, Googles then senior vice pres-
ident of social.[55]
3.3.1 Changes and consolidation process
In August 2011, Page announced that Google would
At least 70 of Googles products, features and ser- spend $12.5 billion to acquire Motorola Mobility.[56] The
vices were eventually shut down by March 2013, while purchase was primarily motivated by Googles need to se-
the appearance and nature of the remaining ones were cure patents to protect Android from lawsuits by compa-
unied.[49][50] Jon Wiley, lead designer of Google nies including Apple Inc.[7] Page wrote on Googles of-
Search at the time, codenamed Pages redesign overhaul, cial blog on August 15, 2011 that companies includ-
which ocially commenced on April 4, 2011, Project ing Microsoft and Apple are banding together in anti-
Kennedy, based on Pages use of the term moon- competitive patent attacks on Android. The United States
shots to describe ambitious projects in a January 2013 Department of Justice had to intervene in the results of
Wired interview.[48][51] An initiative named Kanna pre- one recent patent auction to protect competition and
viously attempted to create a uniform design aesthetic for innovation in the open source software community...
Googles range of products, but it was too dicult at that Our acquisition of Motorola will increase competition by
point in the companys history for one team to drive such strengthening Googles patent portfolio, which will enable
change. Matias Duarte, senior director of the Android us to better protect Android from anti-competitive threats
user experience at the time that Kennedy started, ex- from Microsoft, Apple and other companies.[57][58]
plained in 2013 that Google passionately cares about de- Page also ventured into hardware and Google unveiled the
sign. Page proceeded to consult with the Google Creative Chromebook in May 2012. The hardware product was a
Lab design team, based in New York City, to nd an an- laptop that ran on a Google operating system, Chrome
swer to his question of what a cohesive vision of Google OS.[59]
6 3 GOOGLE

3.4 20132015 health, and appointed Art Levinson, chairman of Apples

board and former CEO of Genentech, to be the new divi-
In January 2013, Page participated in a rare interview sions CEO. Pages ocial statement read: Illness and
with Wired, in which writer Steven Levy discussed Pages aging aect all our families. With some longer term,
10X mentalityGoogle employees are expected to moonshot thinking around healthcare and biotechnology,
create products and services that are at least 10 times I believe we can improve millions of lives.[63]
better than those of its competitorsin the introductory
Page participated in a March 2014 TedX conference that
blurb. Astro Teller, the head of Google X, explained
was held in Vancouver, Canada. The presentation was
to Levy that 10X is just core to who he [Page] is,
scripted by Pages chief PR executive Rachel Whetstone,
while Pages focus is on where the next 10X will come
and Googles CMO Lorraine Twohill, and a demonstra-
from.[51] In his interview with Levy, Page referred to the
tion of an articially intelligent computer program was
success of YouTube and Android as examples of crazy
displayed on a large screen.[7] Page responded to a ques-
ideas that investors were not initially interested in, say-
tion about corporations, noting that corporations largely
ing: If youre not doing some things that are crazy, then
get a bad rap, which he stated was because they were
youre doing the wrong things.[51] Page also stated that
probably doing the same incremental things they were
he was very happy with the status of Google+, and dis-
doing 50 or 20 years ago. He went on to juxtapose
cussed concerns over the Internet in relation to the SOPA
that kind of incremental approach to his vision of Google
bill and an International Telecommunication Union pro-
counteracting calcication through driving technology in-
posal that had been recently introduced:
novation at a high rate. Page mentioned Elon Musk and
SpaceX:
... I do think the Internets under much
greater attack than it has been in the past. Gov-
He [Musk] wants to go to Mars to back up
ernments are now afraid of the Internet because
humanity. Thats a worthy goal. We have a lot
of the Middle East stu, and so theyre a lit-
of employees at Google whove become pretty
tle more willing to listen to what I see as a lot
wealthy. Youre working because you want to
of commercial interests that just want to make
change the world and make it better ... Id like
money by restricting peoples freedoms. But
for us to help out more than we are.[64]
theyve also seen a tremendous user reaction,
like the backlash against SOPA. I think that
governments ght users freedoms at their own Page also mentioned Nikola Tesla with regard to inven-
peril.[51] tion and commercialization:

At the May 2013 I/O developers conference in San Fran- Invention is not enough. Tesla invented the
cisco, Page delivered a keynote address and said that electric power we use, but he struggled to get
We're at maybe 1% of what is possible. Despite the it out to people... You have to combine both
faster change, we're still moving slow relative to the op- things: invention and innovation focus, plus the
portunities we have. I think a lot of that is because of company that can commercialize things and get
the negativity... Every story I read is Google vs some- them to people.[60]
one else. Thats boring. We should be focusing on build-
ing the things that don't exist and that he was sad the Page announced a major management restructure in Oc-
Web isn't advancing as fast as it should be citing a per- tober 2014 so that he would no longer need to be respon-
ceived focus on negativity and zero sum games among sible for day-to-day product-related decision making. In
some in the technology sector as a cause for that.[60] a memo, Page said that Googles core businesses would be
In response to an audience question, Page noted an is- able to progress in a typical manner, while he could focus
sue that Google had been experiencing with Microsoft, on the next generation of ambitious projects, including
whereby the latter made its Outlook program interoper- Google X initiatives; access and energy, including Google
able with Google, but did not allow for backward com- Fiber; smart-home automation through Nest Labs; and
patibilityhe referred to Microsofts practice as milk- biotechnology innovations under Calico.[65] Page main-
ing o. During the question-and-answer section of his tained that he would continue as the unocial chief
keynote, Page expressed interest in Burning Man, which product ocer.[50] Subsequent to the announcement, the
Brin had previously praisedit was a motivating factor executives in charge of Googles core products reported
for the latter during Schmidts hiring process, as Brin to then Google Senior Vice President Sundar Pichai, who
liked that Schmidt had attended the week-long annual reported directly to Page.[65][66][67][68]
event.[7][61][62] In a November 2014 interview, Page stated that he pri-
In September 2013, Page launched the independent oritized the maintenance of his deep knowledge of
Calico initiative, a R&D project in the eld of Googles products and breadth of projects, as it had been
biotechnology. Google announced that Calico seeks to a key motivating factor for team members. In relation to
innovate and make improvements in the eld of human his then role as the companys CEO, Page said: I think
 7

my job as CEOI feel like its always to be pushing peo- market for years with an asking price of US$7.95 mil-
ple ahead.[50] lion. A two-story stucco archway spans the driveway
and the home features intricate stucco work, as well as
stone and tile in California Arts and Crafts movement
4 Alphabet style built to resemble de Lemos familys castle in Spain.
The hacienda was constructed between 1931-41 by de
Lemos.[82][83][84][85][86] It is also on the National Regis-
On August 10, 2015, Page announced on Googles ocial
ter of Historic Places.[87]
blog that Google had restructured into a number of sub-
sidiaries of a new holding company known as Alphabet
Inc with Page becoming CEO of Alphabet Inc and Sundar
Pichai assuming the position of CEO of Google Inc. In
his announcement, Page described the planned holding
company as follows:[69]
As well as explaining the origin of the companys name:
Page wrote that the motivation behind the reorganization
is to make Google cleaner and more accountable. He
also wrote that there was a desire to improve the trans-
parency and oversight of what were doing, and to allow
greater control of unrelated companies previously within
the Google ecosystem.[69][70][71]

Pages superyacht 'Senses, docked in Helsinki

5 Other interests
In 2009 Page began purchasing properties and tearing
Page is an investor in Tesla Motors.[72] He has invested down homes adjacent to his home in Palo Alto to make
in renewable energy technology, and with the help of room for a large ecohouse. The existing buildings were
Google.org, Googles philanthropic arm, promotes the deconstructed and the materials donated for reuse. The
adoption of plug-in hybrid electric cars and other alter- ecohouse was designed to minimize the impact on the
native energy investments.[23] environment. Page worked with an arborist to replace
Page is also interested in the socio-economic eects some trees that were in poor health with others that used
of advanced intelligent systems and how advanced dig- less water to maintain. Page also applied for Green Point
ital technologies can be used to create abundance (as Certication, with points given for use of recycled and
described in Peter Diamandis book), provide for peo- low or no-VOC (volatile organic compound) materials
ples needs, shorten the workweek, and mitigate the po- and for a roof garden with solar panels. The houses ex-
tential detrimental eects of technological unemploy- terior features zinc cladding and plenty of windows, in-
ment.[73][74] cluding a wall of sliding-glass doors in the rear. It also
includes eco-friendly elements such as permeable paving
Page also helped to set up Singularity University, a
in the parking court and a pervious path through the trees
transhumanist think-tank.[75] Google is one of the insti-
on the property. The 6,000-sq ft house also observes
tutions corporate founders[76] and still funds scholarships
other green home design features such as organic archi-
at Singularity University.[77]
tecture building materials and low volatile organic com-
pound paint.[88][89][90][91]

6 Personal life In 2011, Page became the owner of the US$ 45 mil-
lion 193-ft superyacht 'Senses, 'Senses comes equipped
with a helipad, gym, multi-level sun decks, ten luxury
In 2007, Page married Lucinda Southworth on Necker Is- suites, a crew of 14 and interior design by famed French
land, the Caribbean island owned by Richard Branson.[78] designer Philippe Starck.[92] 'Senses also has extensive
Southworth is a research scientist, and the sister of actress ocean exploration capabilities, the superyacht was cre-
and model Carrie Southworth.[79] Page and Southworth ated to explore the worlds oceans in comfort and it car-
have two children, born in 2009 and 2011.[80][81] ries a very comprehensive inventory of equipment for
On February 18, 2005, Page was granted the deed on a that purpose.[93] 'Senses was built by Fr. Schweers Ship-
9000-sq ft Spanish Colonial Revival architecture house yard in Germany at their Berne shipyard. 'Senses fea-
in Palo Alto, California designed by American artistic tures a displacement steel hull and a steel/aluminium
polymath Pedro Joseph de Lemos, a former curator of superstructure, with teak decks. 'Senses is equipped with
the Stanford Art Museum and founder of the Carmel an ultra-modern stabilization system which reduces the
Art Institute, after the historic building had been on the free surface eect and results in a smoother cruising ex-
8 8 REFERENCES

perience underway.[94] tions president, congratulated the two men for their in-
Page announced on his Google+ prole in May 2013 that vention that has fundamentally changed the way infor-
his right vocal cord is paralyzed from a cold that he con- mation is retrieved today..[106] Page and Brin were also
tracted the previous summer, while his left cord was para- Award Recipients and National Finalists for the EY En-
lyzed in 1999.[95] Page explained that he has been suer- trepreneur of the Year Award in 2003.[107]
ing from a vocal cord issue for 14 years, and, as of his May Also in 2004, X PRIZE chose Page as a trustee of their
2013 post, doctors were still unable to identify the exact board[108] and he was elected to the National Academy
cause of the problem. The Google+ post also revealed of Engineering.[103] In 2005, Brin and Page were elected
that Page had donated a considerable sum of money to a Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sci-
vocal-cord nerve-function research program at the Voice ences.[109]
Health Institute in Boston, U.S. The program, at Mas- In 2008 Page received the Communication Award from
sachusetts General Hospital, is led by Steven Zeitels, the King Felipe at the Princess of Asturias Awards on behalf
Eugene B. Casey Professor of Laryngeal Surgery. An of Google.[110]
anonymous source stated that the donation exceeded $20
million.[96]
In October 2013, Business Insider reported that Pages 7.2 2009present
paralyzed vocal cords are caused by an autoimmune dis-
ease called Hashimotos thyroiditis, and prevented him In 2009, Page received an honorary doctorate from the
from undertaking Google quarterly earnings conference University of Michigan during a graduation commence-
calls for an indenite period.[97] ment ceremony.[111] In 2011, he was ranked 24th on the
Forbes list of billionaires, and as the 11th richest person
In November 2014, Pages family foundation, the Carl
in the U.S.[1]
Victor Page Memorial Fund, reportedly holding assets in
excess of a billion dollars at the end of 2013, gave $15 In 2015, Pages Powerful People prole on the Forbes
million to aid the eort against the Ebola virus epidemic site states that Google is the most inuential company of
[112]
in West Africa. Page wrote on his Google+ page that My the digital era.
wife and I just donated $15 million....Our hearts go out As of July 2014, the Bloomberg Billionaires Index lists
to everyone aected.[98][99][100][101] Page as the 17th richest man in the world, with an esti-
mated net worth of $32.7 billion.[113] At the completion
of 2014, Fortune magazine named Page its Businessper-
7 Awards and accolades son of the Year, declaring him the worlds most daring
CEO.[114]
7.1 1998-2009 In October 2015, Page was named number one in Forbes'
Americas Most Popular Chief Executives, as voted by
[115]
PC Magazine has praised Google as among the Top its employees.
100 Web Sites and Search Engines (1998) and awarded
Google the Technical Excellence Award for Innovation in
Web Application Development in 1999. In 2000, Google 8 References
earned a Webby Award, a Peoples Voice Award for tech-
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mencement Address=October 06, 2009.
12 10 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

10.1 Text
Larry Page Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page?oldid=749642197 Contributors: General Wesc, Eloquence, Zundark, Mfa-
gan, Huailin~enwiki, Johnraphone, Edward, Ubiquity, D, Michael Hardy, Ixfd64, Chinju, Zanimum, Tregoweth, Jiang, Conti, Agtx, Em-
perorbma, Jay, Saltine, Samsara, Jlavezzo, Cncs wikipedia, Phil Boswell, Bearcat, Vincent Gray, Dale Arnett, Schusch, Fnazeeri, ZimZa-
laBim, Auric, Ashwin, DHN, UtherSRG, Ianml, Mushroom, HaeB, Jasenlee, Smjg, DocWatson42, Uday, Everyking, Michael Devore,
Markus Kuhn, Angry candy, Rjyanco, Alvestrand, Utcursch, Quadell, Kusunose, Icairns, Thparkth, TonyW, Demiurge, GreenReaper,
Adashiel, Grunt, Thorwald, Gazpacho, Mike Rosoft, Mr Bound, Frankchn, Jayjg, Discospinster, Patricknoddy, TedPavlic, Lovelac7, Wiki-
acc, Autiger, Bender235, CanisRufus, Aude, Tom, Art LaPella, Cacophony, Bobo192, Mike Schwartz, Smalljim, John Vandenberg, Def-
sac, Fritz freiheit, Jerryseinfeld, Physicistjedi, MPLX, Conny, Alansohn, Gary, Guy Harris, Halsteadk, Andrewpmk, Jpenix, SidP, Harej,
RJFJR, Grenavitar, Bsadowski1, Kusma, Taylortbb, Japanese Searobin, Novacatz, Josephf, E=MC^2, Lincher, WadeSimMiser, Lensovet,
Dionyziz, Mb1000, Stefanomione, Palica, Marudubshinki, Sin-man, Magister Mathematicae, BD2412, Qwertyus, FreplySpang, Rjwilmsi,
Whatcanbrowndo, Jweiss11, Jbracken77, Lockley, Commander, Vary, Amire80, Harro5, Salix alba, Hathawayc, Titoxd, FlaBot, Naraht,
Cooldoug111, Nivix, Tedder, Ryddragyn, DVdm, Bgwhite, Hall Monitor, Gwernol, Flcelloguy, UkPaolo, YurikBot, Chanlyn, TexasAn-
droid, Whoisjohngalt, RussBot, Arado, Rubber cat, Stephenb, Manop, Gaius Cornelius, Alex Bakharev, NymphadoraTonks, NawlinWiki,
Wiki alf, Grafen, Justin Eiler, Daniel Simanek, Qviri, GHcool, Mikeblas, Tony1, Aleichem, Dbrs, Takeel, Derek.cashman, Haemo, Nlu,
Wknight94, Fallout boy, Malangali, Denisutku, Dspradau, TBadger, Mike1024, Shawnc, Caballero1967, Jedward, David Biddulph, NeilN,
Rwwww, GrinBot~enwiki, JaneT, Luk, SmackBot, Ashenai, McGeddon, Georgeryp, CRKingston, Jacek Kendysz, Knilt, Ensozero, ProveIt,
HalfShadow, Yamaguchi , Gilliam, Olentz, Reza1615, Bluebot, Kurykh, EncMstr, Timneu22, DHN-bot~enwiki, Brucedes, Gyrobo,
XSG, Tsca.bot, Stockguydd, Chlewbot, Starswept, Parent5446, Threeafterthree, Calbaer, Digitize, Nakon, Dreadstar, Kleuske, Freedom
to share, Jklin, DMacks, Marcus Brute, Jna runn, Kukini, Morrisjm, Andrei Stroe, Cyberevil, Bcasterline, Kuru, John, Theelectric-
child, Guat6, Christopherdunlap, IronGargoyle, Nobunaga24, A. Parrot, 3210, Slakr, Stwalkerster, Halaqah, Ram1978, Hu12, BranStark,
Rizwanadil, WilliamJE, Iridescent, Michaelbusch, Joseph Solis in Australia, Theoldanarchist, Lorensen, JHP, UncleDouggie, Twas Now,
Jaybo33, Courcelles, Tawkerbot2, Timrem, Jrmski, JForget, Americasroof, Jpod2009, XiaoFeng, Wafulz, Qc, WATP, Koe, Drini-
bot, CWY2190, Green caterpillar, N2e, Renaissanceboy, ArmenG, Logicombat, VanishedUser30023402384023, Cydebot, Webaware,
Gogo Dodo, ST47, Olz06, Strom, Avashnirvana, Dchristle, Codetiger, ErrantX, Gonzo fan2007, Omicronpersei8, Thijs!bot, Epbr123,
Wikid77, Thillsman, TonyTheTiger, Andyjsmith, Edwardx, Headbomb, Mchtegern, Marek69, ColinBlair, TXiKi, Muaddeeb, Zachary,
Alaning, Mdriver1981, Dzubint, Scunizzo, Mentisto, Gossamers, RobotG, Widefox, BruceMagnus, Mack2, Kitia, Res2216restar, JAnD-
bot, Leuko, Husond, Litis, Zabby1982, Barek, MER-C, Epeeeche, Genome82, TAnthony, BlueWaldo, SiobhanHansa, Acroterion, Con-
normah, Freedomlinux, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Harelx, Nadz17, Jatkins, Skew-t, Kevinmon, Animum, Chris Ssk, Mahithsuresh, Home-
house, SquidSK, MartinBot, S1080041, Greg Salter, Dx87, NAHID, Orangysb, HOT L Baltimore, Gidip, Mschel, Bus stop, Kostisl, R'n'B,
J.delanoy, MITBeaverRocks, Abecedare, NerdyNSK, Shawn in Montreal, Panuber, Gypsydoctor, Gurchzilla, Chiswick Chap, USNews,
Nwbeeson, Zivb2006, Alnokta, Bahtoe27, DH85868993, Bubya, Wikimandia, Scott Illini, Maddawg 78, Useight, Varnent, CardinalDan,
Lights, VolkovBot, Skaraoke, Cap10xb1s, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Oshwah, Hqb, GDonato, Guillaume2303, GcSwRhIc, Dendodge,
Gymboy689, Martin451, Ng.j, LeaveSleaves, Duncan.Hull, Tri400, Y, Wikipedia7456, !dea4u, Der kenner, DrewSears, Imperfection, Fly-
ingLeopard2014, Aqwfyj, Greenpuppet, OsamaK, Ponyo, Avinesh, Kingoftheroad, SieBot, Coee, Soakleif, Work permit, Phe-bot, Tri-
garanus, Owl 2, Yah Hoo :) I'm Happy, Flyer22 Reborn, Tiptoety, Peaceoutside, Bananastalktome, Chirag155, CutOTies, EconomicTiger,
KoshVorlon, Lightmouse, Kanibalos, IdreamofJeanie, OKBot, Dantheman88, Demoncxntagious, Mygerardromance, Raquel9e, Samkava,
Superush, WikipedianMarlith, ZiyadMadon, Martarius, Sfan00 IMG, ClueBot, Sonictrey, Snigbrook, The Thing That Should Not Be,
All Hallows Wraith, Aus star1, Drmies, Mild Bill Hiccup, Edenc1, Kamix, SuperHamster, Boing! said Zebedee, CounterVandalismBot,
Niceguyedc, Blanchardb, Ottawahitech, Solo man666, Ormico, Alexbot, Riskier, Paulnta, Rajivtinaikar, Asmaybe, Gulmammad, Electri-
calen, Arjayay, Mikaey, Leroyinc, Aleksd, Light show, GFHandel, Thingg, 7, Romney yw, Versus22, Katanada, Apparition11, Zammuto95,
Antti29, Life of Riley, Sunnyy732, Auto469680, RogDel, Wario456, Cminard, Dthomsen8, Avoided, Cmr08, Noctibus, Navy Blue, Ad-
dbot, Mortense, Some jerk on the Internet, Csoi3, Landon1980, Sorosar, TutterMouse, Jncraton, Jchap1590, Kwickre, CanadianLinuxUser,
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Synchronism, AnomieBOT, Olexa yurchenko, Rubinbot, Kerfuer, Jim1138, Galoubet, Materialscientist, 90 Auto, Dow wiki, ShornAsso-
ciates, Hereigo000, Roux-HG, MichelleSBernard, B. Fairbairn, Cameron Scott, Xqbot, Jayarathina, Vrghs jacob, KiViki, Capricorn42, Se-
cretrishh, 4twenty42o, Gap9551, Almabot, GrouchoBot, Miller111, Wikifailure, Omnipaedista, Mark Schierbecker, The Interior, Amaury,
Shadowjams, E0steven, Sesu Prime, MorningYoga, Galvin16, FrescoBot, Calibrador, Bullpillaren, Wikipe-tan, Kuiper3, Charles Edwin
Shipp, D'ohBot, EarwigBot, Wijesurendra, Redrose64, Himasha Wijesurendra, New Japan, I dream of horses, Jonesey95, Yahia.barie,
Skyerise, Serols, Stanseld PL, Primaler, Fumitol, RobinK, ICIntern, Full-date unlinking bot, Engology, SkyMachine, Cnwilliams, Smar-
tyBoots, 7oceans, Vrenator, Brettsportler, Anuraaga, Weedwhacker128, Antrikshy, Ckeehan, Suusion of Yellow, Tbhotch, Sideways713,
DARTH SIDIOUS 2, Onel5969, Mantrik00, RjwilmsiBot, Dlambe3, Tecnik, Gadida33, WreckLoose, Niranj.wiki, Rollins83, Peterm-
celwee, Steve03Mills, Murad123, Vinnyzz, EmausBot, Katherine, Dewritech, GoingBatty, Theking69, Yuzgen, Tommy2010, Dcirovic,
Jasonanaggie, Rinkart, Shearonink, Kkm010, John Cline, JanssenDirksen, Shuipzv3, MithrandirAgain, Shaneoinsaino, Grunny, Lagomen,
Unreal7, Modnen, Wayne Slam, Ocaasi, Openstrings, Kranix, Donner60, Moshi Monster Fan303, Damirgrati, AndyTheGrump, Pe-
ter Karlsen, DASHBotAV, Spicemix, Arielfuchs, Nosolomusica, Rammaum, ClueBot NG, Gareth Grith-Jones, LogX, Jonescromwell,
Satellizer, Seankp, Mctechuciztecatl, Cr0yden, Guzikov96, Winston786, PedR, Alphasinus, Cntras, Paulbradshaw, Cme37~enwiki, Muon,
MichaelAldon101, Widr, PL 05 SIGIT, Anupmehra, Vibhijain, Mtking, Theopolisme, Stanley1191, Helpful Pixie Bot, Vicedominus1,
Aaaeditor, HMSSolent, Strike Eagle, Calidum, Jeraphine Gryphon, Lowercase sigmabot, BG19bot, Arnavchaudhary, VanishedUser99,
Woodszack, Ramesh Ramaiah, Vagobot, MECHEMENG, M0rphzone, Dzlinker, Wiki13, Sleeping is fun, ElphiBot, MusikAnimal, Met-
ricopolus, Titanic1000, Jobin RV, Mark Arsten, Asimkhan0001, Bigsean0300, 3ebBtefan, Rrrlf, Benzband, Bruzaholm, Iamramgarg,
Lowestpanda, Liam Braithwaite, Meatsgains, Pristinegoal, DPL bot, Ixenox, EdwardRussell, Insidiae, Awesomekidermajober14, Achowat,
M.Fin.User, BattyBot, Olaotan1, David.moreno72, Cimorcus, Kiran Subburam, Niallmcfc1, Cyberbot II, SirQuill, Ajay senthu, YFdyh-
bot, Soulparadox, JYBot, HollywoodAllstars, IjonTichyIjonTichy, Robyschlager, JoeyRR, Delotrooladoo, Jesse929, Dexbot, Airrbornn,
Jerrycakes, Yash!, Salmanyoonus, Webclient101, Cerabot~enwiki, 007azad, Klove12, Lugia2453, AldezD, Everything Is Numbers, VIAF-
bot, John F. Lewis, Frosty, Fox2k11, Pseudotest5, Donnowin1, Magellan Maestro, TheSkyTechGuy, Kingdom Of Malkariss, Lcah132,
Hillbillyholiday, William3080, Craven, Merxistan, Equilibrium Allure, Vosk 01, Distelnck, Ibrahimkhan7, CubanellePep, Shainag33,
Qiyue2001, Enock4seth, Somaan javed, PhantomTech, Everymorning, Drewdyer, Plcoopr, Msundqvist, ArmbrustBot, Ahmed.wikipedian,
Kuyi123w, Srinivas prem, Babitaarora, Haminoon, D6011, Ginsuloft, Redfoxq7, Bluedudemi, Kind Tennis Fan, JordiUp, Atcovi, FrB.TG,
10.2 Images 13

OnceaMetro, ARUNEEK, JaconaFrere, Lakun.patra, StudiesWorld, Monkbot, RudiLefkowitz, Dirac740, Dr.aazamparvez, Torrian2014,
ChamithN, Felsonz, Pinkleader, Heuh0, Lukeisawesome999, Vuyvuybyub, JamesEvers, Katiehdez, Ninjaxp123, Halloiemtrollface, Dis-
cantX, Tony Sylvestor, Corvus-TAU, GrapeThePurpleCat, Stebenn, Ddmkm122, Hurun nash, GeneralizationsAreBad, Ethan Lvw, Zenty-
maria, KasparBot, Marissap57, JJMC89, POLLALOCA, Jaxdealy1, Iady391, ChashiBasu, Joe836, Shawn HF, Coriantumr15, CAPTAIN
RAJU, Tamir Debono, Risc64, WikiEditCrunch, No26933598, Equalhared123, Lemondropzzz, OceanSpary, XanderSimpsonOcialOf-
cial, Ryanify, Jdschwim, Munnu10, Kusi Ampofo Elisha, Munnu20, ElizaLepine, Munnu40, Mehran.Mazhar, Argeniae, Relyiar, Alvi50,
InternetArchiveBot, Cassini127, Alvi34, Mekhane, Alvi59, AzimuthPolarity5, Sea29, Skerdilajdi, Anjanaskimi, GreenC bot, AliAlvi19,
Rhraju01, Hellmaster abc, Mayank Murthy, Mille3j3, First Lord of Downing Street, Marvellous Spider-Man, Xysiable, Alvi152, Yodashiv,
Bender the Bot, Alvi151, FishStampLover52, WikiKunj and Anonymous: 1004

10.2 Images
File:At_sign.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/At_sign.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own
work Original artist: MeekMark at English Wikipedia
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu-
tors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Crystal_Clear_app_browser.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Crystal_Clear_app_browser.png
License: LGPL Contributors: All Crystal icons were posted by the author as LGPL on kde-look Original artist: Everaldo Coelho and
YellowIcon
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-by-
sa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Google_2015_logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Google_2015_logo.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/ui/webui/resources/images/google_logo.svg Original
artist: Google Inc.
File:Increase2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Increase2.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Own work Original artist: Sarang
File:Larry_Page.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Larry_Page.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors:
100_0325 Original artist: Ehud Kenan from Israel
File:Larry_Page_google_signature.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Larry_Page_google_signature.
svg License: Public domain Contributors: Extracted from http://investor.google.com/pdf/2010_google_annual_report.pdf Original artist:
Larry Page
File:Luxury_yacht_Senses_2.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Luxury_yacht_Senses_2.JPG Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: MKFI
File:P_vip.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/P_vip.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Page+brin_by_origa.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Page%2Bbrin_by_origa.jpg License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Origafoundation
File:People_icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/People_icon.svg License: CC0 Contributors: Open-
Clipart Original artist: OpenClipart
File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Websites_interlinking_to_illustrate_PageRank_percents.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/
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File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rei-artur

10.3 Content license

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