re @i€ sR 2 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY OOO 20 OOOO ® 9 ae pee Seta BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSCONTENTS a FOREWORD 3 1 scope 7 : 2 TERMINOLOGY 7 ‘ 3. FIRE PREVENTION 2 4 LIFE SAFETY n 5 FIRE PROTECTION 2 6 ADDITIONAL OCCUPANCY WISE REQUIREMENTS + 58 ANNEXA CALORIFIC VALUES OF COMMON MATERIALS 68 ANNEX B.” BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES 9 IN TO DIFFERENT DEGREE OF HAZARD ANNEX C AVAILABLE DATA REGARDING FIRE RESISTANCE RATING we OF VARIOUS BUILDING COMPONENTS - Oo ANNEX D GUIDELINES FOR FIRE DRILL AND EVACUATION 81 PROCEDURES FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS ‘ ANNEXE ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS 87 r ANNEXF ATRIUM 89 ANNEX G — COMMERCTAL KITCHENS 9 oo ANNEXH CAR PARKING FACILITIES oa ANNEX FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR METRO STATIONS __. 96 5 ANNEX K FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR METRO 103 TRAINWAYS ANNEX M FIRE PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR VENTING IN 105 INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS LIST OF STANDARDS <2 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 e“suonss Bulging Code Sectional Committee, CED 46 - ‘ae a ea ®eOSCO098@. FOREWORD This Code (Part) deals with safety from fit. léspecifies the demarcation offre zones, restrictions on construction of buildings in each fre zone, classification of buildings based on occupancy, types of building construction According to fre resistance of the structural and non-structural cosiponents and other testrictions ang requirements Code recognise danger to life from fire, smoke, fames or panic before the buildings can be evacuated, The ‘Code recognizes that safety of life is more than a matter of means of egress and accordingly deals with various rats Which are considered essential to the safety of life, The Code therefore covers provisions relating t0 cr access, exit and exit discharge. It also covers Provisions relating to five protection of buildings through portable and fixed fiefightins instanton i : j 5 8 2 i : ae Fare protection techniques have tobe based onthe fire behaviour charnctrisics of different ‘materials and structural fire and life safety measures could be incorporated in the building design right from the beginning, Absolute safety from fire is not attainable in practice. The objective of this Pat is to specify measures that will provide that degree of safety from fire which can be reasonably achieved. The Code endearmnn to avoid ced uments that might involve unreasonable hardships or unnecessary inconvenience or interference ‘with normal 2@eeeed A s : : it é ° i é : 7 i le bung coe anzy ofbuildings, but ints upon compliance with minimum standards of fie safety neon a les building occupants and users. For ensuring compliance of fire protection equipment/installations to the laid down ¥ Mra gematements its desirable to use such equipmeat/nstallacon duly certified under the BIS Canaan Marks Scheme, a aaa pean AERO pe srnie Providing guidelines for minimizing chances of ccurence offre through passive fire protection measures, {his Patt does not intend to cover all aspects of general fte prevention inchuding sources of, ‘ignition. Nor does it Cover the provention of accidental personal injuries during the course of normal ovcupaney” of buildings {Tis Pat while ecognizing that panic in a building on fire may be uncontrollable, ests with the potential panic Heard through measures designed to prevent the development of panic. Experience indieare that panic seldom develops even in the presence of potential danger, s0 long as occupents of buildings are moving towards exits Which they can see within a reasonable distance and with no obstruction or undue ‘congestion in the path of travel. Cede es e & : : 2 5 2 i B & 5 z gs & | i 3 i g E E 2 z Experience has shown that concealed spaces within a building, such as, space between ceiling and false ceiling, pe uZontel and vertical duets and shats, et, tend to actas fles/tunnels during a fire, Provision should, therefore, >be made to provide fire stopping within such spaces. Nothing in this Pert ofthe Code shall be construed to prohibit better types of building construction, more exits or ‘otherwise safer conditions than the mininsum requirements specified in this Part Ce 9° 2 BE Compliance with this Part shall not be construed as eliminating or reducing the necessity for other provisions for safety of persons using « building or structure under normal occupancy conditions, Now ant any provision of this 2 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 7 GosPart be construed as requiring or permitting any addition that maybe hazardous under normal occupancy conditions. ‘One of the major points brought out in this Part is the limitation of heights and areas of buildings based on fire safety of the occupants. Individual municipal corporations are free to alter Table 2 based on Jocal conditions, but the ratios of areas es maintained in the table for different occupancies and types of construction shall be adhered to, ‘Advantage has been taken of the developments, particularly in fire resistance rating of materials, designating types of construction in a rational manner and relating the area limitations of different occupancies to different types of construction. Halons (halogenated hydrocarbons) which exhibit exceptional firefighting and explosion prevention/suppression characteristics have been found to possess high ozone depleting potential. They come under Group II of Annex A ofthe Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the intemationel environmental agreement for phasing out ozone depleting substances. Due to increasing evidence thatthe ozone layer is getting depleted at a faster rate thian thought earlier, the Code takes into cognizance the need to promote use of halon alternatives as fire extinguishing media. ‘The first version of this Part was formulated in 1970 and was revised in 1983. Subsequently the first revision of this Part was modified in 1997 through Amendment No. 3 to 1983 version of the Code. This modified version of this Part included few tables for the fire resistance ratings of various building components, such as walls, colurnns, beams and floors. The requirements for wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high velocity (10-15 m/s) water spray or foam generating system, etc, for buildings were modified. Annex giving guidelines for selection of fire detectors had been deleted and relevant Indian Standards on fire alarm system and smoke detectors had been referred, Also, an annex for determination of fire loads and flue load density for arriving atthe classification ‘of occupancy hazard and calorific values of some common materials were included. Annex for broad classification of industrial and non-industrial occupancies into low, moderate and high hazard had also been included. ‘The Code was then revised in 2005. In this revision, the significant modifications incorporated were: The text was divided into the following broad clauses: (a) Fire prevention — Covering aspects of fire prevention pertaining to design and construction of buildings on passive fire protection measures, also describing the various typos of building materials and their fire rating; (b) Life safery — Covering life safety provisions in the event of fire and similar emergencies, also addressing construction and occupancy features that are necescary to minimise danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or panic; (¢) Fire protection — Covering the significant appurtenances and their related components and guidelines for selecting the correct type of equipment and installation meant for fire protection of the building, depending upon the classification and type of the building, Also, the classification of building based on occupancy was elaborated, wherein, starred hotels were covered as 2 new Subdivision A-6 under occupancy Group A Residential; heritage structures and archaeological monuments were covered under Subdivision D-3 occupancy Group D Assembly buildings; mixed assembly occupancies were covered as a new Subdivision D-6; underground elevated railways were covered as e new Subdivision D-7 under occupancy Group D Assembly buildings; and TV stations were covered under Subdivision E-5 of occupancy Group E Business buildings. Further, for the extemal stairs for exit requirements, the width and treads were increased to 1 250 mr ‘and 250 mm, respectively; under the requirements for institutional buildings the clear width of all required exits which serve as egress from hospital or infirmary section was increased from 1.5 m to 2 m, Also, provision of patient-Jift was included; and due cognizance of halon phase out programme was taken, while specifying provisions in this Part with respect to fire protection using fire extinguishers/systoms. Based on various comments received from time-to-time, an Amendment No. 2 relating to Part 4 of the 2005 version of the Code, was issued. 5 In this current revision, the following significant changes have been made: General: 1) The scope of application of provisions af this Part of the Code for different occupancies has been clarified, 2) Definitions of various new terms have been included and definitions of some of the existing terms have been updated based on latest developments and use. 7 Fire Prevention: 3) Based on the experience in the use of the provisions of the Code in relation to various occupancies and ‘NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 4 ee asubdivision classification under various building occupancy types, the same has been reviewed and ‘updated. Also, mixed occupancy and minor occupancy have been further clarified 4) Table 1 on fire resistance ratings of structural and non-structural elements has been updated 5) The provisions relating to fire separating wall, fire separating floors and fire partitions have been detailed, 6) Provisions of fire safety requirements of services shafts have been rationalized and updated, 7) Asseparate comprehensive clause on electrical power supply distribution for fire and life safety systems hhas been included. 8) Detailed clauses on air conditioning systems towards safety and smoke control integration have been provided, 9) Glass facade requirements have been detailed towards fire protection and smoke exhaust aspects. 10) A separate comprehensive clause on Fire Command Centre (FCC) has been introduced covering various requirements, Life Safety: 11) The components of means of egress have been comprehensively brought out covering specific aspects ve have been updated with an approach towards selecting alternative means therefor Ee 6 ) relating to exit access, exit and exit discharge. The relationship of occupantload, exit width requirements E e = and travel distances have also been duly detailed enabling efficient planning for enhanced life safety oe provisions. The table on capacity factors has been modified based on aspect of width per person approach | fy @ ‘used globally. i 12) Requirement for displaying the occupancy load for assembly buildings and call centres, has been included. 1e 13) The concept of firefighting shaft for safe and efficient use by the fire fighters to access the floor on fire Tm and also allow egress/evacuation of the occupants with simultaneous use of refuge area used as staging ¥ » &F of the iccupants, have been well integrated, including in the annex for high rise buildings. Oe 14) Aspects of compartmentation with fire barrier and its passive fire safety requirements have been detailed r* for respective occupancies. lre 15) Pressurization of exits and smoke extraction requirements for respective areas including ear parking 416) The clause on gas supply has becn comprehensively updated. 17) The clause on fire detection and alarm system has been completely reviewed and updated as per the latest practices. Fire Protection: 18) The table on minimum requirements for firefighting installations (erstwhile Teble 23 and now Table 7) has been comprehensively updated. 19) Detailed provisions have been included on fire water storage, fire pump room, sprinkler system and various alternative fire suppression systems. Additional Occupancy-wise Requirements : 20) Concept of progressive evacuation in case of hospital buildings has been included in detail to ensue life safety of the inmates, ©2608 SGE0O 21) Provisions relating to requirement of refuge area have been updated including for D-6 occupancy and introduced for apartment buildings of height 60 m and above. 2) Separate provisions on atritim have been included in Annex F. OX be 23) Detailed separate provisions have beén included on commercial kitchens in Annex G. 24) Detailed separate provisions have been included on car parking facilities in Anne H. 25) Separate provisions on fire and life safety requirements for metro stations and metro trainways have been included in Annex J and Annex K, respectively. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 5For provisions relating to universal accessibility and barrier-free environment Part 3 “Development Control Rules and General Building Requitements’ ofthe Code may be refered the final 'ysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with - The number of significant places retained in the the specified value in this Part. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016‘i wa wae @ 20 eo @ oO io on ‘@Seee¢ee5e ©OCR Ce Oe } i I eo 6 | NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 1 SCOPE 1.1 This Code (Part 4) covers the requicements for fire prevention, life safety in relation to fire and fire protection of buildings. This Code (Part 4) specifies ‘occupancy-wise classification, constructional aspects, egress requirements and protection features that are necessary to minimise danger to life and property from fire. 1.2 The provisions of this Part are applicable to, a) all high rise buildings; and b)_ special buildings, those are, 1) hotel, educational, institutional, business, mercantile, industrial, storage, hazardous and mixed occupancies, where any of these buildings have floor area more than 500 m? on any one or more floors; 2) educational buildings having height 9 m and above; 3) institutional buildings having height 9 m and above; 4) all assembly buildings, 5) buildings, having area more than 300 mi? of incidental assembly occupancy on any floor; and 6) buildings with two basements or more, or with one basement of area more than 500m? unless otherwise mentioned specifically in the provisions. NOTE — The owner ofthe building and parties to agroomens, may however, decide to apply the provisions of this Part 19 buildings other than those givon above. 2 TERMINOLOGY For the purpose of this Part, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Assisted Evacuation — Strategy thatexists during which a designated person ot persons provide assistance, during an emergency, to enother person(s) to leave a building or a specific part of the built environment snd to reach a finatplace of safety. 2.2 Atrium — A large-volume space created by a floor opening or series of floor openings connecting two or ‘ore siories that is covered at the top of the series of openings and is used for’ purposes other than an PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY enclosed stairway; lifts hoist-way; an escalator opening; or as a utility shaft used for plumbing, electrical, air conditioning, or communications facilities, 2.3 Authorities Concerned — An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving, or accepting equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure. 2.4 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System — A system comprising components and sub-systems required for automatically detecting smoke, heat or fire initiating an alarm and other actions as appropriate. ‘This system also includes manually operated electronic fire alarin (MOBFA) system. NOTE — MOEFA system (with or without sutematic fice otection and alarm system) includes all or some of the components such a8 ranusl all sttions (initiating aa lac for fire and other setions a6 require), tall-bace system and poblicaddves sytem, 2.5 Buildiag— Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and every part thereof whether used as hiaman habitation or not end includes foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building services, fixed platforms, Veranda, balcony, comice orprojection, part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or intended to enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structures. Tents, Shamianahs, tarpaulin shelters, eto, erected for temporary and ceremonial occasions with the permission of the Authority shall not be considered as building. 2.6 Building, Height of — The vertical distance measured in the case of flat roofs, from the average level of the ground around end contiguous to the building or as decided by the Authority to the terrace of the last livable floor of the building adjacent to the external wall; and in the ease of pitched roofs, up to the point where the external surface of the outer wall intersects the finished surface of the sloping roof; and in the case of gables facing the road, the mid-point detween the eaves level and the ridge. Where the building is located in a sloped terrain, height shall be determined from the lowest level (that is approachable by the fire service vehicles) to the terrace level. Architectural features serving ng other function except that of decoration shall be excluded for the purpose of measuring heights.rissa NNR aS 2.7 Combustible Material — A material which either bums itself or adds heat to a fire, when tested for non. combustibility in eecordance with accepted standard [4(1)] 2.8 Common Path of Travel — That portion of the exitaceess which the occupants are required to traverse before two (or more) separate and distinct routes or ‘wo (or more) exits become available. Common paths of travel are patt of travel distance, 2.9 Covered Area — Ground area covered by the building immediately above the plinth level. The area ‘covered by the following in the open spaces is excluded from covered area (see Table 9): ®) Garden, rockery, well and well structures, plant nutsery, water pool, swimming pool (if uncovered), platform round a tree, tank, fountain, bench, Chabutara with open top and tunenclosed on sides by walls and the like; ») Drainage culvert, conduit, cateb-pit, gully pit, chamber, gutter and the like; ©) Compound wall, gate, unstoreyed porch and Portico, slide, swing, uncovered staircases, ramp areas covered by Chhajja and the like; and ) Watciman’s booth, pump house, garbage shaft, electric cabin or substations, and such other utility structures meant for the services of the building under consideration, NOTE — For the purpose ofthis ar, covered area equal the lot atea minus the area due for open spaces inthe plot 2.10 Down-comer— An arrangement of firefighting within the building by means of down-comer pipe connected to terrace tank through terrace pump, gate valve and non-retum valve and having mains not lese ‘ban'100 mrn internal diameter with landing valves on Exrorwcnanes, aT Access ST stARWAY each floor/landing,Itis also fited with inlet connections at ground level for charging with water by pumping from fire service appliances and air release valve at ‘oof level to release trapped air inside. 2.11 Dry Riser — An arrangement of firefighting within the building by means of vertical rising mains not less han 100 mm intemal diameter with landing valves on each floov/landing which is normally dry but 18 capable of being charged with water usually by Pumping from fire service appliances 2.12 Emergency Lighting — Lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails, 2.13 Emergency Lighting System — A complete but discrete emergency lighting installation also fed from the standby power source to the emergency lighting lamp(s), for example, self-contained emergency luminaire or a circuit from central battery (with or Without monitoring system) connected through wiring to several escape lighting luminaries, 2.14 Escape Lighting — That part of the emergency Lighting which is provided to ensure that the escape route is illuminated at all material times, or example, at all times when persons are on the premises, or at times the main lighting is not available, either for the whole building or for the means of egress 2.15 Evacuation Lift —Lift that can be used, during fan emergency, for self-evacuation, 2.16 Exit — That unobstructed component of means of egress which is between the exit access and the exit discharge or public way. Exit components include exterior exit doors at the level of exit discharge, interior exitstairways, exit passageways, exterior exit stairways and exterior exit ramps (see Fig. 1), exmaccess eurniscHarce SEPARATION AS REQUIRED For entr encuasune (To8e conTINGaUS} Fig. 1 Components or Means of Eonsss NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016M&O TI SS Re 2.17 Exit Aecess — That portion of ameans of egress NOTES that Jeads to an exit (for example, doorways, staircase lobby, ramps, Veranda, corridor or passageway leading £0 an exit) (see Fig. 1) 2.18 Exit Access Corridor — A corridor in exit access ily have the requirement of exits which may not necessa being met 2.19 Exit way (see Fig, 1) 20 Fire Barrier (or Fite Resisting Barrier) — A fire barrier is a vertically or horizontally aligned member uch asa wall ora fire curtain, orafleor. These may be with discontinuities created by openings with a specified fire resistance rating, where such members are designed and constructed with a specified fire resistance rating to limit the spread of fire that also restricts the movement of smoke. 221 Compartment — A space wit all sides, inckading the top and bottom. 2 Fire Door and fire door assembly. staisonse 1 FRE DOOR FrReveaN's IFT ischarge —The component ofa means of ‘egress betiveen the termination of an exit and a public ina building that is enclosed by fire barrier or fire resistant walls on Door Assembly — Any combination of fie door, frame, hardware and other accessories that together provide a specific fire resistant rating to the opening in terms of its stability, integrity and insulation properties, wher installed inthe openings jn fie separation walls, Fire door is a component of 1 Wherever reference has been made to fie door ot fie ches door in this Part, che same shall be construed as fib door assembly, 2 Fire doors in exits shall have fre rating required in this Partto meet the quirement of integrity and stability, and the insulation criteria shail be 20 sin 3 Fire doors in exits shall be provided with intumescent seal 4 Fire doors in exits shall not be allowed ta be on hold open Position and kept closed and to close by “door clesure—spring mechanism 5 Fite curtains shell not be allowed a2 fie exits. Iso provided for compertmentation, indeperdent fire door shall be provided ‘tting the requisement fr fire door in exits as above (ofthe width as requiced) within the prescribed travel distance requiveme 2.23 Fire Exit — A way out leading from exit access with or without panic bar provided on the door. 2.24 Firefighting Shaft (Fire Tower) — An enclosed shaft having protected area of 120 min fire resistance rating comprising protected lobby, staircase and fireman’s lif, connected directly to exit discharge or through exit passageway with 120 min fire resistant wall at the level of exit discharge to exit discharge, ‘These shall also serve the purpose of exit requirement! strategy for the occupants. The respective floors shall be approachable from fire-fighting shaft enabling the fire fighters to access the floor and also enabling the fire fighters to assist in evacuation through fireman's lift. The firefighting shaft shall be equipped with 120 min fire doors. The firefighting shaft shall be equipped with firemen tatk back, wet riser and landing valve in its lobby, to fight fire by fire fighters (see Fig, 2 for a typical firefighting shaft), wer risen aon / HOSE REEL Preven TALROAGR FLOOR FLAN AND STAIRWAY Marius ten oULY Bpavn ~ Losey (/NYOUT To Be PLANNED AS PER PROJECT BASIS MEETING ALL THE REQUIRED DETAILS) NoTEs 1 Wher uch fobbie and sticese ithe Firesightngehaft ar tray venlatderss- else, te shaft may not be enloed a fire door need aot be provided 2 For all enclosed Frefighing shaft, the ohaf's lobby should have flor plan duly displayed fo the information of Gre fighters. io. 2 Tyescat Firs Fieutine Saar PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETYnero ssHhunsuasnnacnus i ssean sono 2.25 Fire Load — Calorific energy, of the whole contents contained in a space, including the facings of the walls, partitions, floors and ceilings. 2.26 Fire Load Density — Fire load divided by floor area 2.27 Fireman’s Lift—A liftora group oflifts invariably associated with all the features and requirements of a fire-fighting shaft. Such Iif(s) are installed to enable fire services personnel to reach different floors with minima delay, and shall mcet the additional features as requived in accordance with this Part. This lift also serves the Purpose of meeting the requirement of evacuation lit for assisted evacuation, 2.28 Fire Resistance — Fire resistance is a property of an element of building construction and is the measure of is ability to satisfy for a stated period, some or all of the following criteria: ~ 2) Load bearing capacity (Stability) (R) — The ability of load bearing element to withstand fire exposure without any loss of structural stability. b)__ Integrity (£) — Resistance to penetration of flame and hor gases, ©) Insulation (2) — Resistance to temperature vise on the unexposed face up toa maximurn of 180°C at any single point and average temperature of 140°C. 2.29 Fire Resistance Rating — The time that a ‘matertl or construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as determined by fire test done in accordance with the standard methods of fire tests of materials! structures as per the accepted standard [4(2)]. NoTES 1 The requirement of rating of various building cements as given inthis Part shall be applicable in accordance with the ‘Provisions given in the accepted standard [4(2)) 2 The fire resistance rating shall be specified in tems of minutes, 3 Bike resistance rating for non-structural meteria/assembly stall ear ate of compliance oruch iigas pr the approval of competent authority based on testing and evaluation. The label shall be permanently aifxed tothe rateial/assereby and ‘may cary other relevant details such as name and type ofthe product, and manufacturer's details 2.30 Fire Resistant Wall —Fire resistance rated wall, having opening(s) with specified fire resistant rating, which restricts the spread of fire from, one part of building to another part of the same building 2.31 Fire Separation — Thé distance in metre, measured from the external wall of the building ‘concemed to the external wall of any other building on the site, or from other site, or from the opposite side of street or other public space for the purpose of preventing the spread of fire. 10 2.32 Fire Stop — A fire resistant material, or construction, having a fire resistance rating of not less than the fire separating clements, installed in concealed spaces or between structural elements of a building to prevent the spread/propagation of fire and smoke Uhrough walls, ceilings and the like as per the laid down, criteria ores 1 Fire stop assembly for through penetrations is « combination of fiestop compatible for use wits the penetrint, penetration items such es cables, cable tray, conduits, duct, pipes, ete, and their means of support though the well or opening thst together restores the firs resistance rating ofthe fire separiting — elements in terms ofits incegrity and/or insulation properties, 2 Fire stop assembly for joints isthe one where fixe stop with movement capability is used to sea the lines joints between, _cjaceat fre separating elements, co maintain the fee sistance ofthe separating elements, which sould be installed within its tested design limits with regard to size of the join, type of assembly, and anticipated compression and extension of the Joint 2.33 Fire Suppression Systems @) Gas based systems — Systems that use gaseous agents as fire suppression meds, such a, all agents altemate to Halon gases, listed and approved for use by relevant Indian Standards; other methods/types of gos based systems where their protection is equal to ot better than what is suggested above for the type of application subject to the acceptance of Authorities concerned may also fall under such systems. b) Water based systems — Systems that use mainly water as firefighting media such as hydrant system, sprinkler system, water spray system, foam system and water mist system, 2.34 Fire Wall or Fire Separating Wall — A fire resistance rated wall having fire protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to the roof (and through the roof at least lim above the roof in case of combustible roof), with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction. on one side or either side without collapse of the wall, 2.35 Floor Area (Gross) — The area of the floor within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the floor of the building under consideration with no deductions for comridors and passage-ways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, lifts and building shafts or other features. 2.36 Floor Area Ratio (FAR) — The quotient obtained by dividing the total covered area (plinth area) on all NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016a us 2 ate oom @ cae O9G@eeeeeoeds floors by the area of the plot: Total covered area of all floors Plot area 2.37 ire Exit Hardware — A door-latching assembly incorporating an actuating member or panic bar that s the latch bolt upon the application of a force in the direstion of egress travel, provided on exits. 2.38 High Rise Building — A building 15 mor above in height (imespective of its occupancy) FAR 2.39 Horizontal Exit— A defend in place ora staging arrangement, providing safety from fire and smoke originating from the area of incidence, by allowing altemative egress from a compartment to an area of refuge or andther Compartment ator near the same level. This also includes such egress from a compartment to snadjoining building, A horizontal ext shall be through a fire door of 120 min rating in a fire resistant wall Horizontal exit require separation with the refuge area ‘or adjoining compartment through 120 min fire barrier. ‘The adjoining compartment of the horizontal exit ould allow unlocked and case of egress and exits for the occupants using defend in place strategy. 2.40 Lift Lobby —A space fiom which people directly enter a Tift car(s) and into which people directly enter ‘upon exiting a fiftear(s) 2.41 Means of Rgress — A continuous way of travel from aay point in a building or structure to public \ay, consisting of three separate and distinct parts, that is, exit acoess, exit and exit discharge. 2.42 Means of Escape — A way out of a building or sinacture that does not conform to the strict definition of ‘means of egress’ but does provide an altemate way out 2.43 Metro Station 2.43.1. Concourse — Intermediate level(s) or area(s) ‘connecting a station platform(s) to a public way through stairs, escalators or corridors, 2.43.2 Crush Train Load — The number of passengers inside a train when it is filed to maximum capacity permissible by rolling stock design. 2.43.3 Entraining Load ~The mumber of passengers boatding a train at a platform. 2.43.4 Headway — The interval of time between the aurivels of consecutive trains at a platform in a station. 2.43.8 Mass Rapid Transit — Any station building or part thereof, permanent or temporary, through which people transit for the duration of time required'to enter the building and board the train to depatt the station platform or to alight from the train and depart from the station building. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 2.43.6 Non-transit Occupancy — Occupancy not under the control of the system operating authority 2.43.7 Point of Safety — One of the following: (a) An ‘enclosed exit that leads to a public way or safe location outside the station, trainway, or vehicle, (b) An at- grade point beyond the vehicle, enclosing stations, or trainway, (c) A point on open track beyond the open ‘or enclosed station or enclosed train-way, and (d) Any other location approved by the Authorities concemed 2.43.8 Station — A place designated for the purpose of loading and unloading passengers, including service area and ancillary spaces associated with the same structure, 2.43.8.1 Composite station — A transit station that is constructed contiguous with non-tiransit occupancy. 2.43.8.2 Enclosed station —A station or portion thereof that does not meet the definition of an open station. 2.43.83 Open station — A station that is constructed such that it is directly open to the atmosphere, and smoke and heat‘are allowed to disperse directly into surrounding open atmosphere. 2.43.9 Station Platform — The area of a station immediately adjacent to a guideway, used primarily for loading and unloading passengers, 2.44 Mixed Occupancy — A multiple occupancy ‘where the occupancies are intermingled. 2.45 Muitiple Occupancy — A building or structure in which two or mote classes of occupaney exi 2.46 Occupancy or Use Group — The principal ‘occupancy for which a building or a part of a building is used or intended to be used; for the purpose of classification ofa building according to the occupancy, an occupancy shall be deemed to include subsidiary occupancies which are contingent upon it 2.47 Occupant Load — Maximum number of persons that might occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time 2.48 Place of Comparative Safety — Places within a building where people can stay little longer until evacuation, for example, refuge areas, terrace, fire! smoke separated compartments, ete. 2.49 Pressurization — The establishment of a pressure difference across a barrier to protect exit, stairway, lobby, exit passageway or room of a building from smoke penetration. 2.80 Pressurization Level — The pressure difference between the pressurized space and the adjoining area served by the pressurized space expressed in Pascal (Pa), nam ns A RRO 2.81 Public Way — A street, alley, or other similar parcel of land essentially open to the outside air, dedicated, or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and having a clear width and height of not less then 3 m 2.52 Ramp — The construction, in the form of an inclined plane that is steeper than ‘or equal to 1 : 20 (S percent) from the horizontal, together with any intermediate landing, that makes it possible to pass from ne level to another. 2.83 Refuge Area—~ An atea within the building fora temporary use during egress. It generally serves as staging area which is protected from the effect of fire and smoke. 4 Roof Exits —A means of escape on to theroofof 4 building, where the roof has access to it from the ground through alternative stair case or adjacent building, 2.55 Site (Plot) — A parcel (piece) of land enclosed by definite boundaries, 2.56 Smoke Barrier — A continuous membrane, or a membrane, where such membrane is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of sinake. 2.57 Smoke Compartment — A space within a building ciclosed by smoke barriers on all sides. 2.58 Stack Pressure — Pressure difference caused by @ temperature difference creating an air movement Within a duct, chimney or enclosbre 2.59 Travel Distance — The distance to be travelled fom any point in a building to a protected exit or extemal escape route or final exit measured along the line of travel 2.60 Ventilation — Supply of outside air into, or the Femoval of inside air from an enclosed space 2.61 Venting Fire — The process of facilitating heat and smoke to leave a building as quictly as possible by such paths so that lateral spread of fire and heat is checked, firefighting operations are facilitated and ‘miniraum fire damage is caused 2.62 Visual Strobes/Flashing — It is an audio-visual fire alarm for alerting persons with hearing impairment ‘with lashing light. The strobe frequency should be from 0.5 Hz to 4.0 Hz, NOTE — Care should be taken to ensure that sverlapping strobes do not combinc to result in a higher Sequency of ‘ashing 2.63 Volume to Plat Area Ratio (VPR) — The ratio of volume of building measured in cubic metre to the rea of the plot measured in square metre and expressed in metre 2 2.64 Water Based Systems 2.64.1 Hydrant System — A distribution system having a network of piping installed undergroundiaboves ground around and/or through inside of a building with internal and/or extemal hydrants fitted with landing valves at regular intervals according to the occupancy. The distribution system is connected to water supply system for firefighting, 2.64.2 Automatic Sprinkler System — A system of water pipes fitted with sprinkler heads at suitable intervals and heights and designed to actuate automatically, control and extinguish a fireby the discharge of water, 2.64.3 Automatic Water Spray Systems — A special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable source of fire protection water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water discharge and distribution over the surface or area t9 be protected. The piping system is connected to the water supply through an automatically actuated deluge valve which initiates flow ‘of water. Automatic actuation is achieved by operation of automatic detecting equipment installed along with water spray nozzles. Thete are two types of systems namely high velocity and medium velocity systems, 2.64.4 Water Mist Sysiems — & disteibution system connected to a pumping and water supply system that is equipped with nozzles capable of delivering water mist to the part/entire enclosure or area, intended to control, suppress, or extinguish fire and is capable of meeting the specified performance requirements. 2.64.5 Foam Protection System —Fiefighting systems ‘where foam is made by mechanically mixing air with a solution consisting of fresh water to which a foaming agent (liquid concentrate) has been added, Firefighting foam isa stable aggregation of small bubbles of density tower than oil or water, and shows tenacious qualities Yor covering horizontal surfaces. There are three types of foam applications that is, low, medium and high expansion foams depending upon the application. 2.65 Wet Riser — An arrangement for firefighting within the building by means of vertical rising mains not less than 100 mm nominal diameter with landing valves oa each floor/landing for firefighting purposes and permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply. NOTE —For definition of other terms, reference shell he made to accepted standards (4(3) 3 FIRE PREVENTION 3.1 Classification of Buildings Based pn Oceupancy 3.41 General Classification Allbuildings, whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to use or the character of NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016SoC a O28 @6@¢ sie tau am © 088 See¢o00 Se peep Spe neo ror >Oeoee oe 6 ee e@éeéeoe occupancy in one ofthe following groups Group A Residential Group B Educational Group C Institutional Group D Assembly Group E Business Group F Mercantile Group 6 Industrial Group H Storage Group J Hazardous The details of each occuparicy and example of buildings in each group are given in 3.1.2 to 3.1.20. 3.111 Minor occupancy This is purely incidental to operations in 4 main occupency, which shall be considered as part of the main occupancy and shell be classified under the relevant group for the main occupancy. 3.2 Mixed oceupancy Where two or more types of occupancies intermingle in ‘the same building, the entire building shall be treated as mixed occupancy and the same shall comply with3.1.12. 3:1.2 Group A Residential Buildings ‘These shalt include any building in which sleeping eccommodation is provided for normal residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both facilities, except any building classified under Group C. Buildings and structures under Group A shall be farther subdivided as follows: Subdivision A-1 Lodging and rooming houses Subdivision A-2 One or two family private dwellings Subdivision A-3. Dormitories Subdivision A-4 Apartment houses Subdivision A-5 Hoiels Subdivision A-6 Starred hotels a) Subdivision 4-1 Lodging and rooming houses — These shall include any building or iroup of buildings under the same smanagement, in which, separate sleeping accommodation on transient or permanent basis, with or without dining facilities but without cooking facilites for individuals is provided, This includes inns, cubs, motels and guest houses. \NOTB~~A ledging orrooming house shall be classified 152 vellingin Subdivision A2, ifn room in any of ite private dveling units is fontd to more than tyes persons PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY b) Subdivision 4-2 One or two family private dwellings ~ These shall inclide any private dwelling, which is occupied by members of one or two families and has a total sleeping accommortation for aot more then 20 persons. If rooms in a private dwelling are rented to outsiders, these shall be for eccommodating not more than three persons per room, If sleeping accommodation for more than 20 persons is provided in any one residential building, it shall be classified as ¢ building in Subdivision A-1 or Subdivision A-4 as the case may be. ©) Subdivision A-3 Dormitories — These shall include any building in which group sleeping accommodation is provided, with or without dining facilities for persons who are not members of the same farnily, in one room ora series of closely associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management, for example, school and college dormitories, students, and other hostels and military barracks. ¢) Subdivision A-4 Apartment houses — These shall include any building or structure in which living quarters are provided for three or more fatnilies, living independently of each other and with independent cooking facilities, for example, epartment houses, mansions and Charwls ©) Subdivision A-5 Hotels — These sball include any building or group of buildings under single management, in which sleeping accommodation is provided, with or without dining facilites for hotels classified up to Four Star Category. 1) Subdivision 4-6 Starred hotels —~ These shall include the hotels duly approved by the concerned authorities a5 Five Star and above hotels. 5 3.1.3 Group B Educational Buildings ‘These shall include any building used for school, college, other training institutions involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation for not less than 20 students. Buildings and structures under Group B shall be further subdivided as follows: Subdivision B-I_ Schools up to senior secondary level Subdivision B-2- All others/training institutions 2) ‘Subdivision B-i ScKools up to senior ‘secondary level— This subdivision shall 13include any building or a group of buildings under single management which is used for ‘students not less than 20 in number, 8) Subdivision B-2 All others/training instinutions — This subdivision shall include any building or a group of buildings under single management which is used for students not less than 100 in number. In the case of temporary buildings/structures which ate utilized for educational purposes, the provisions 0f3.2.5.3 shall apply. {fresidential accommodation i provided in the schools/ institutions thatpottion of occupaney shall be classified as a building in Subdivision A-3. These shall include any building or part thereof, which i used for purposes, such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental 8 “4 Convatescents or aged persons con Buildings | i 314 Group C Institutional Buildings i | a 4 i Subdivided as follows: ness, disease or infirmity; care of infants, and for penal or ‘tional detention in which the liberty ofthe inmates restricted, Institutional buildings ordinarily provide ‘Teeping accommodation for the occupants nd structures under Group C shall be further Subdivision C-1_ Hospitals and sanatoria Subdivision C-2 Custodial institutions Subdivision C-3 Penal end mental institutions 8) Subdivision C-1 Hospitals and sanatoria — ‘This subdivision shail include any building or group of buildings under single management, Which is used for housing persons suffering from physical limitations because of health or age and those incapable of self-preservation, for example, hospitals, infirmaries, sanatoria sand nursing homes, b) Subdivision C-2 Custodial institutions —Thig subdivision shall include any building or a srup of buildings under single managernent, which is used for the custody and care of persons, such as children, convalescents and the aged who are incapable of self. preservation, for example, Homes for the aged and infirm, convalescent homes and ‘orphanages, ©. Subdivision €-3 Penal and imental {institutions — This subdivision shall include any building or a group of buildings under single management, which is used forhousing persons under restraint, or who are detained for penal or comective purposes, in which the Uberty of the inmetes is restricted, for example, jails, prisons, mental hospitals, mental sanatoria and reformato: 3.1.5 Group D Assembly Buildings These shall include any building or part of a building, where mot fess than $0 persons congregate or gather for amusement, recreation, socal, religious, pattiotic, vil, travel and similar purposes, for example, theatres, motion picture houses; assembly halls; auditoria, exhibition halls; museums; skating rinks; gymnasiums, restaurants; places of worship; dance halls; chub rooms, passenger stations and terminals of air, surface and ‘marine public transportation services; and stadia, Buildings under Group D shall be further subdivided as follows: Subdivision D-1 Buildings heving a theatrical © ormotion picture or any other stage and fixed seats for over 1.000 persons Buildings having « theatrical or motion picture or any other stage and fixed seats up to 1 000 persons Buildings without a permanent stage having accommodation for300 or more persons but no permanent seating arrange ment Buildings without a permanent stage having accommodation for less than 300 persons with no permanent seating arrange- ment All other structures including temporary structures designed for assembly of people not covered by Subdivisions D-1 to D4, at ground level Buildings having mixed ‘occupancies of assembly and mercantile (for example, shopping malls providing facilities such as shopping, cinema theatres, multiplexes and restaurants/food courts) Underground and elevated ‘mass rapid transit system, 8) Subdivision D-1 — This subdivision shall include any building primarily sreant for theatrical or operatic performances and which has a stage, proscenium curtain, fixed © portable scenery or scenery loft, lights, mechanical appliances or other theatrical Subdivision D-2 Subdivision D-3 Subdivision D-4 Subdivision D-s Subdivision D-6 Subdivision D-7 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016{ | | | 840 ¢ ® a al 5 2a 2 ie Sea @ ®) °) a) 2) accessories and equipment for example, theatres, motion picture houses, auditoria, concert halls, television and radio studios admitting an audience and which are provided with fixed seats for over 1 000 persons. Subdivision D-2 — This subdivision shall include any building primarily meant for use as deseribed for Subdivision D-1, but with fixed seats up to 1 000 persons. ‘Subdivision D-3 — This subdivision shall include any building, its lobbies, rooms and other spaces connected thereto, primarily intended for assembly of people, but which has no theatrical stage or permanent theatrical and/or cisiematographic accessories and has accommodation for 300 persons or more, for example, dance halls, night clubs, halls for incidental picture shows, dramatic, theatrical ‘or educational presentation, lectures or other similar purposes having no theatrical stage except 4 raised platform and used without permanent seating arrangement, art galleries, community halls, marriage halls, places of worship, museums, lecture halls, passenger terminals. and-heritage and archaeological monuments, pool and billiard parlours, bowlingalleys, community halls, courtrooms, gymnasiums (without spectator seating), indoor swivaming pools (without spectator seating), indoor tennis courts (without ppectator seating) Subdivision D-4 — This subdivision shall include any building primarily intended for use as desoribed in Subdivision D-3, but with ‘accommodation for tess then 300 persons with no permanent seating arrangements, Subdivision D-5 — ‘this subdivision shall include any building or structure, permanent or temporary meant for assembly of people not covered by Subdivisions D-1 to D-4, for example, grandstands, stadia, amusement park structures, reviewing stands and cireus tents, arenas, external swimming pools, tennis and similar type of courts. Subdivision D-6 — This subdivision shall include any building for assembly of people Provided with multiple services/facilities like shopping, cinema theatres, multiplexes, restaurants/food court. Subdivision D-7 — This subdivision shall include any building orstructure like example, underground or elevated railways. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 3.1.6 Group E Business Buildings ‘These shall include any building or part thereof which is used for transaction of business for keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes, professional establishments, service facilities, ete. City halls, town halls, courthouses and libraries shall be classified in this group so far as the principal function of these is, iransaction of public business and keeping of books and records. Buildings under Group E shall be further subdivided as follows: Subdivision B-1 Offices, banks, professional establishments, like offices of es architects, engineers, doctors, lawyers, post offices and police stations Subdivision E-2 Laboratories, outpatient clinics, research establish- ‘ments, libraries and test houses Electronic data processing centres, computer install- ations, information technology parks and call centres Subdivision B-3, Subdivision E-4 Subdivision E-5 ‘Telephone exchanges Broadcasting stations, TV. stations and air traffic control towers 3.1.7 Group F Mercantile Buildings ‘These shall include any building or part thereof, which is used as shops, stores, market, for display end sale of merchandise, either wholesale or retail Mercantile buildings shall be further subdivided as follows: Subdivision F-1 Shops, stores, departmental stores, markets (any with covered area up to 500 m*) Subdivision F-2 Shops, stores, departmental stores, markets (any with covered area more than 7 500m?) Subdivision F-3. Underground shopping centres Storage and service facilities incidental to the sale of ‘merchandise and located in the same building shall also be included under this group, 3.1.8 Group G Industrial Buildings These shall include any building or part of a building or structure, in which produéts or materials ofall kinds and properties are fabricated, asspmbled, manufactured or processed, for example, assembly plants, industrial laboratories, dry cleaning plants, power plants, 15leat pin generating units, pumping stations, fumigation chambers, laundries, buitdings or structures in gas plants, refineries, dairies and saw-mills, ete Buildings ander Group G shall be further subdivided a8 follows: Subdivision G-1 Buildings used for tow hazard industries Subdivision G-2 Buildings used for moderate hazard industries Subdivision G-3 Buildings used for high hazard industries ‘The hazard of éccupancy, for the purpose of the Code, shall be the relative danger of the start and spread of fire, the danger of smoke or gases generated, the danger of explosion or other occurrences potentially endangering the lives and safety of the occupants of the buildings. Hazard of occupancy shell be determined by-the Authority on the basis ofthe fire loads of the contents, and the processes or operations conducted in the building, provided, however, that where the combustibility of the material, the fame spread rating ofthe interior finish or other features of the building or structure are such as to involve a hazard greater than the occupancy hazard, the greater degree of hazard shall govern the classification. For determination of fire loads and fire load density for arviving at the classification of occupancy hazard, guidance on calorific values of some common materials is given at Annex A. A broad classification of industrial occupancies into low, moderate and high hazard classes is given at Annex B, for guidance. Any occupancy not covered in Aznex B, shall be classified in the most appropriate class depending on the degree of hazard. Where different degrees of hazard of occupancy exist in different parts of a building, the most hazardous Of those shall govern the classification for the Purpose of this Code, except in cases where hazardous areas are segregated or protected as specified in the Code. 8) Subdivision G-1 — This subdivision shall include any building in which the contents are of such comparative low combustibility and the industrial processes or operations Conducted therein ate of such a nature that there is hardly any possibility for any self- Propagating fire to occur and the only consequent danger to life and property may arise from panic, fumes or smoke, or fire from some external source, 16 b) Subdivision G-2 — ‘This subdivision shail include any building in which the contents or industrial processes or operations conducted therein are liable to give rise 10 a fire which will bun with moderate rapidity or result in other hazardous situation and may give ofa considerable volume of smoke, but from which neither toxic.fumes nor explosions are to be feared in the event of fir. ©) Subdivision G-3 — This subdivision shal include any building in which the contents or industrial processes or operations conducted therein are liable to give rise to a fire which will bum with extreme rapidity or result in other hazardous situation or from which poisonous fumes or explosions are tobe feared - inthe event of a fire. 7 3.1.9 Group H Storage Buildings ‘These shall include any building or part of a building used primarily for the storage or sheltering (including servicing, processing or repairs incidental to storage) of goods, ware or merchandise (except those that involve highly combustible or explosive products or materials), vehicles or animals, for example, warehouses, cold storages, freight depots, transit sheds, storehouses, truck and marine terminals, garages, hangars, grain elevators, barns and stables. Storage properties are characterized by the presence of relatively smpll number of persons in proportion to the area, Any new use which increases the number of decupants to a figure comparable with other classes of occupancy shall change the classification ofthe building ‘o that of the new use, for example, hangers used for assembly purposes, warehouses used for office Purposes, garage buildings used for manufactoring, 3.1.10 Group J Hazardous Buildings ‘These shall include any building or part thereof which is used for the storage, handling, manufacture or processing of highly conabustible or explosive materials or products which are liable to bum with extreme rapidity and/or which may produce poisonous fumes or explosions for storage, handling, manufacturing or processing which involve highly corrosive, toxic or noxious alkalis, acids or other liquids or chemicals producing flame, fumes and explosive, poisonous, irritant or corrosive gases; and for the storage, handling or processing of any.material producing explosive mixtures of dust which result in the division of matter into fine particles subject to spontaneous ignition Framples of buildings in this class are tose buildings which are used for, a) Storage, under pressure of more then 0.1 Nimm? and in quantities exceeding 70 m', NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016€ 2809 a 305 a Pa A a ® eae 20 >a ee @ee CM pe eee per ee SCCCOCBAEOSeS @eo fe | | of acetylene, hydrogen, illuminsting and natural gases, ammonia, chlorine, phosgene, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, methyloxide and all gases subject to explosion, fime or toxic hazard, cryogenic gases, ete; b) storage and handling of hazardous and highly flammable liquids, liquefiable gases like LPG, rocket propellants, ete; ©) storage and bandling ofhazardous and highly flammable or explosive materials (other than liquids); and 4) manufacture of artificial flowers, synthetic leather, ammunition, explosives and fireworks. NOTE — A lst of hazardous substances giving quantities, for ‘which ot exceeding which owners handling such substances sre required t be covereduncer The Public Liability Irsurance ‘Act, 1991, has been notified under the ‘Rules on Emergency Planing, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents by the Govt, of Iadia, Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification No. G.S.R, 347(E) dated 01 August 1996. 3.1.11 Mixed Occupancy In case of mixed occupancy, in so far as fire protection is concemed, all the occupancies/the éatire building shall be governed by the most restrictive provisions of the Code among those applicable for, individual ‘occupancies. The provisions for life safety given in the Code for individual occupancy shall, however, apply to the respective occupancies. Exits in such mixed ‘occupancy shall be arranged 80 as to ensure that means of egress is not decreased in the direction of egress travel Goer oes ee are also required to be separated (horizontally and/or veitically as the case may be) by a 240 min fire resistance rating, 3.1.12 Where change in the occupancy of any building places itin a different group or in a different subdivision of the same group, such building shall be made to comply with the requirements of the Code for the new group oF its subdivision 3.1.13 Where the new occupancy of a building is Tess hazardous, based on life ‘and fire risk, than its existing ‘occupancy, it shall not be necessary to conform to the requirements of the Code for the new group or its subdivision, 3.1.14 A cettificate of occupancy shall be necessary, as required under Part 2 ‘Administration’ of the Code, before any change is effected in the character of ‘occupancy of any building. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 3.2 Fire Zones 2.2.1 Demareation “The city or area under the jurisdiction of the Authority shall, for the purpose of the Code, be demarcated into istinet zones, based on fire hazard inherent in the buildings and structures according to occupancy (Gee 3.1), which shall be called as ‘Fire Zones’ 3.2.2 Number and Designation of Fire Zones 3.2.2.1 The number of fire zones in acity or area under the jurisdiction of the Authority depends upon the existing layout, types of building construction (see3.3), classification of existing buildings based on occupancy (see 3.1) and expected future development of the city orarea, In large cities or arcas, three fire zones may be necessary, while in smaller ones, one or two may be adequate. 3.2.2.2 The fire zones shall be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated as follows: ~a) Fire Zone No. 1 ~This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A), educational (Group B), institutional (Group C), assembly (Group D), smali business (Subdivision E-1) and mercantile (Group F) buildings, or areas which are under development for such ‘occupancies. : b) Fire Zone No. 2 — This siali comprise business (Subdivisions E-2 to E-5) and industrial buildings (Subdivisions G-1 and G-2), except high hazard industrial buildings (Subdivision G-3).oF areas which are under development for such occupancies, ©). Fire Zone No. 3-~- This shall comprise areas having high hazard industrial buildings (Subdivision G-3), storage buildings {Group H) and buildings for hazardous uses (Group J) or areas which are under development for such occupancies. 3.2.3 Change in the Fire Zone Boundaries ‘When the boundaries of any fire zone are changed, or \when itis intended to include other areas or types of occupancies in any fire zone, it shall be done by following the same procedure as for promulgating new rules or ordinances or both, 3.2.4 Overlapping Fire Zone 3.2.4.1 When any building is so situated that itextends to more than one fire zone, it shall be deemed to be in the fire zone in which the major portion of he building or structure is situated 3.2.4.2 When any building is so situated that itextends equally to more then one fire zope, it shall be deemed WSRS si anata pa" a to be inthe fire zone having more hazardous occupancy buildings. 3.2.5 Temporary Buildings or Structures 3.2.5.1 Temporary buildings and structures shall be permitted only in Fize Zones No. | and 2 as the case may be, according to the purpose for which these are to be used, by special jermit fromthe Authority for a limited period and subject to such conditions as may bbe imposed in the permit, 3.2.5.2 Such buildings and temporary structures shell be completely removed on the expiry of the period “specified in the permit. 3.2.53 Adequate fite precautionary measures in the Construction of temporary structures and Pandals shall be taken in accordance with good practice [4(4)] 3.2.6 Restrictions on the Type of Construction for New Buildings ‘These shall be 2s follows #) Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 1 shall conform to construction of Type 1, 2,3 or 4 ») Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 2 shall conform to construction of Type 1, 2 or 3 ©) Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 3 shall conform to construction of Type 1 or 2 3.2.7 Restrictions on Existing Buildings ‘The existing buildings in any fire zone shall not be requited to comply with the requirements of the Code unless these are altered, or int the opinion of the Authority, such building constitutes a hazard to the safety of the adjacent property or to the occupants of the building itself or is an unsafe building. In the event of alteretion, it shall be necessary to obtain permission ofthe Authority for such alteration consistent with fire hazard (see Pait 2 “Administration” of the Code) Alterations/modifications/renovations shall be accomplished so as to ensure conformity with all the safety requirements of the new buildings. Such alterations shall not in any way briag down level of fire and! life safety below dat wich existed earlier. Any addition oF aterations or construction af eubicles or partitioning. {fer floor area exceeding 500 m? fr all highrise buildings ball be with the approval of local fire authority 3.3 Types of Constritetion 3:3.1 The design of any building and the type of ‘materials used in its construction are important factors in making the building resistant to a complete burn-out and in preventing the rapid spread of fire, smoke or fumes, which may otherwise contribute to the loss of lives and property. 18 The fire resistance of a building or its siructural and ‘non-structural elemenis is expressed in minutes against specified fire load which is expressed in kcai/mm?, and against a certain intensity of fire. The fire-resistance test for structural element shall be done in accordance with accepted standards [4(2)]. For the purpose of the Code, the types of construction according to fi Tesistance shall be classificd into four categories, namely, Type 1 Construction, Type 2 Construction, Type 3 Construction and ‘Type 4 Construction. The minimum fire resistance ratings of structural and non. structural members for various types of construction shall be as given in Table 1 Non-combustible materials should be used for construction of buildings, and the internal walls of staircase enclosures should be of brick work or reinforced concrete or any other material of onstruction with minimum of 120 min rating, The walle for the chimney shall be of Type 1 or Type 2 Construction depending on whether the flue gas temperature is above 200°C or less, respectively 3.3.2 Itis required thata structural and/or non-steuctural clement/eomponent shall have the requisite fire resistance rating as per Table 1. The fire resistance ating for the structural and non-structural elements shall be based on guidelines as per approved and accepted standards. The fire rating shall be validated and certified with a view to meeting the requirements of Table 1. In the absence of aay validated/certified rating, guidaice may be obtained from tle information available in Annex C, 3.3.3 Load bearing steel beams and columns of buildings having total covered area of 500 m? and above shall be protected against faihure/collapse of structure in éase of fire. This could be achieved by use of appropriate methodology using suitable fire resistance tated materials along with suppression system (see Annex C, Table 25 and Table 26), 3.3.4 The false ceiling, including all fixtures used for its suspension, shall be of non-combustible material and shall provide adequate fte resistance tothe coiling in order to prevent spread of fire across ceiling, 3.4 Generat Requirements of All Individual Occupancies 3.4.1 General All buildings shall satisfy certain: requirements, which contribute, individually and collectively, to the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes and panic arising from these or similar causes: These are, however, certain general principies and common Tequirements, which are applicable to all or most of the ocoupancies. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 20168 wee Come a) ‘Table 1 Fire Resistance Ratings of Structural and Non-Structural Elements (minutes) (Clauses 33.1 and 3.3.2) SIN. ‘Structural Element Fire Resistance Ratings (min) for ‘Type of Construction pe Type! Type? Typed Typed 0 ® @ @ o © 1) Extedor walls 8) Five separation lee than 3. m: 1) Beating 240 120 120 60 2) Non-bearing 120 30 © 50 1b) Fire separation of 3.7 m or moce but less than 9m: Y Bearing 240 120 120 60 2) Non-besting 30 © o 50 ©) ive separation of9 mor more 1), Bearing 240 120 120 60 2) Non-bearing 60 oo 0 ~ 60 ii) Fire separation assemblies (Like fre check doors) 20 120 120 120 it) ire enclosures of exits 120 120 120 0 i”) Shafts for services, lit hoistuny and refuse eater 120 20 120 120 ¥) Vertical separation berween adjacent tenant spaces 60 o oo oo ¥) Dwelling unit separation: = - 2) Lead bearing 120 120 o 60, ») Nen-load bearing oo o 30 30 vi) Intevior bearing walls, bearing partitions, columns, beats, gliders, tousies (othr than roof trusses) and framing 4) Supporting more then exe floor 240 120 120 120 ») Supporting one floor oaly 80 90 50 60 ©) Supporting & s00f only 180 90 60 50 i)” Walls supporting structural mernbers 180 0 60 <0 i). Flooreonstwoten 120 0 60 80 Roof eonstastion: 2) Sm or less ia eight lowest member 120 0 6 50 16) Move than $n but les then 6.7 mn height 0 owest member 60 so 80 50 ©) $7 mor move in height to lowest member ° ° ° ° 1 The above fire resistance rating shall be required to achieve the redpective type of consttion unless otherwise specifi ta the respective clauses for diferent applications, 2 In case of lift bet, the pation wall, ifany, need not be of fu rating specified in this table 3.4.2 Exceptions and Deviations Exceptions and deviations to the general provisions of requirements of individual occupancies are given as applicable to each type of occupancy in 6.1 to 6.9. In case of practical difficulty or to avoid’ unnecessary hardship, without sacrificing reasonable safety, local head, fire services may consider exemptions from the Code, 3.4.3 Occupation of Buildings under Construction 3.4.3.1 A building or portion of the building may be oceupiéd during construction, repairs, alterations or additions only if all means of exit and fire protection ‘measures are in place and continuously maintained for the occupied part of the building PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY. 3.4.3.2 A high rise building during construction shall be provided with the following fire protection measures, ‘which shall be rmaintaited in good working condition at all the times: a) Dryriser of minimum 100 mm diameter pipe with hydrant outlets on the floors constructed with a fire service inlet to boost the water in the dry riser and maintenance should be in cordance with good practice [4(5)}. bv) Drums of 2 000 litre capacity filled with water with two fire buckets on each floor, c) A water storage tank of minimum 20 000 litre capacity, which may be used for ather construction purposes also. wv3.4.4 Maximum Height, Floor Area Ratio and Open Spaces 3.4.4.1 Every building shall be restricted in its height above the ground level and the number of storeys, depending upon its occupancy and the type of construction. The height shall be measured as specified in Past 3 “Development Control Rules and General Building Requirernents? of the Code. The maximum permissible height for any combization of occupancy and types of construction should necessarily be related (o the width of street fronting the building, or floor area ratios and the local firefighting facilities available. NOTE — Setback distences (according tothe permissible height foreach type of building as per the accupancy), width of steetsprovicing approach to the building, permitted floor trea ratio (FAR), permitted open space around oF inside bwileings, provision of adequate pussagevay and clearances ‘equired for firefighting vehicles, te shall be stctly govermed by the provisions of Part 3 ‘Development Conteol Rules and General Butlding Requirements’ ofthe Code. 3.4.4.2 Floor area ratio ‘The comparative floor area ratios for different occupancies and types of constuction are given in Table 2 (see also Part 3 “Development Control Rules ‘and General Building Requirements’ of the Code), 3.4.4.3 The requirements of open space around the building(s) shall be in accordance with Part 3 Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements’ of the Code. 3.4.8 Openings in Fire Resistant Walis and Floors 3.4.5.1 At the time of designing openings in fire resistant walls and floors, particular attention shall be paid to all such factors which limit fire spread through these openings and maintain fire rating of the structural members. 3.4.5.2 For Types 1 to 3 constructions, a doorway or opening in a fire resistant wall on any floor shall be limited to 5.6 m? in area witha maximum height/width- £2.75 m, Every wall opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors, having the fire rating of not less than 120 min. The openings in the floors shall be protected by vertical enclosures extending above and below such openings, such enclosures having a fire resistance of not less than 120 min and all openings therein being protected with a fire-resisting assembly as specified in 3.4.5.6, Forescalator openings, the smoke spill shall beavoided by provision of smoke barrier (of 450-600 mm) thereby creating. smoke compartment. Further, the protection shall be ensured through installation of sprinklers on all sides of the cut out opening on each floor (see Fig. 3 for details), 3.4.5.3 For Type 4 construction, openings in the fire separating walls or floors shall be fitted with 120 min fire-resistance rated assemblies 20 ‘Table 2 Comparative Floor Area Ratios for Occupancies Facing One Public Street af least 9 m Wide (Clause 3.4.4.2) St Gceupaney ‘Type of Construction No. Classtieaion woo ‘Type Type Type Type w TEE tees eg 2 oe © © © Residential woo20 «lato Eiivational uw 20 ato Institational © 1s 10 os Ascembly Uw 1 07 os Business Ww 29 23 16 Mercantile 80 18 ta tp Unduserial 75 18 16 13 Storage GeeNowS) 60 1S 13 (0 Hazardous 28 Lt 08 NP (ee Note 5) UL — Valiaite, [NP = Not permed. . NOTES 1 The FAR values given in this table are subject to overall ‘estrorons ou the eight of bullngs inthe are of eduestiona, instinutonal, assembly, stvage and hazardous occupancies as specified in col 2 of Table? 2 This table bas been prepared, caking into account the ‘combustible content in the cifferent aecipencies as wells the fre resistance offered by the type of tonstcucton, 3 This table should be mectied by the Autti, teking inte ‘secount ihe other aspect a5 given below: 4) Density in eems of dwelling units per heetave ') Teaflic considerations, ©) Parking spaces, 4) Local fire-fighting feciliie; and ©} Water supply, drainage and sanitition requirements, 4 The FAR values specified inthis table may be inoteased by 20 percent forte following services: 8) A basement or celle spece under» building constructed on stilts and used as paring space and ait cnaiioning plant room used as accessory tothe principal use, >) Watchean's Lath, pump house, garbage shaft, electic ahi or substation and other utility structures meant forthe services of the building under enesiderations; ©) Projections and accessory buildings. as specifically ‘exempted under the Code; ane 4) Staircase coam and lift roams above the topmost sorey; rohitectual feature; and chimneys and elevated tas of dimensions as permissible under the Code; the area ‘of the lift shalt shall be taken only an one floor. 5 Inso far as single storey storage and hazardous occupancies are concemed, they would be further governed by volume to plot area ratio (VPR) to be decided by the Authosty. 3.4.5.4 Service ducts and shafts Openings in walls or floors which are necessary to be provided to allow passages of all building services like cables, electrical wirings, telephone cables, plumbing pipes, ete, shall be protected by enclosure in the form of ducts/shafts having a fire resistance not less than 120 min. The inspection door for electrical shafts/ducts NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016Ca aa a a a Da are we ©. 6 6 e e @ Cs) x a one SOOO @9000000860 e O 2 srmasnneo Honzow ra: oistance serwesn ‘Te crraoien reno ano Te SHORE GARRIEN, £= 150-20. Fig. 3 SeainkLexs ARouND EscataTor OPENING shell be not less tha 120 min, Further, medium and low voltage witing running in shafte/ducts, shall either be armoured type or run through metal conduits. ‘Tue space between the electrical eablesiconduits and the walis/slabs shall be filled in by a fire stop material having fite resistance rating of aot less than 120 min. ‘This shall exclude requirement of fire stop sealing for low votiage services shaft For plumbing shafts in the core of the building, with shaft door opening inside the building, the shafts shall have inspection doors having fire resistance rating not less than 30 min, For plumbing shafts doors which open in wet areas or in naturally Ventilated areas or on externat wall of the building, the shafts may not require doors having any specified fire rating. [NOTE — fe the case of buildings where itis necessary to lower or liftheavy machinery or goods from one floor othe other, it ‘nay be nesessery to provide larger openags in the Door. Such ‘openings shall be provided with removable covers which shall ave the some stengih and fice resistance es the floor. 348.5 Refuse chutes Refuse chutes, if any provided in a building, shall have opening at least 1 m above roof level for venting purpose and they shall havean enclosure wall ofnon-combustible material with fire resistance of not less than 120 min, ‘They shall not be located within the staircase enclosure ‘or service shafts or air conditioning shafis, Refuse chutes inspection panel and doors ehall be tight fitting with (60 min fire resistance. Sprinkler protection system shall be provided for the refuse chutes. Refuse chutes shall be a: least 6 m away from exits. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 3.4.5.6 Vertical opening Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or protected, as necessary, to provide the following a) Reasonable safety to the occupants while using the means of egress by preventing spread of fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings from floor to floor to allow ‘occupants to complete their use of the means of egrets. Further it shall be ensured to provide aclear height of 2 100 mm in the exit access, b) Limitation of damage to the building and its contents. 3.4.6 Electrical Installation 3.4.6.1 For requirements regarding electrical installations from the point of view of fire safety, reference may be made to good practice [4(6)] and Part 8 “Building Services, Section 2 Electrical and Allied Installations’ of the Code. In general, it is desirable that the wiring and cabling are with flame retardant property. Medium and low ‘voltage wiring running in shafts, and within false ceiling shall nin in metal conduit. Any 230 V wiring for lighting ‘or other services, above false ceiling, shall have 660 V grade insulation. ‘The electric distribution cables/wiring shall be laid in a separate shaft. The shaft shall be sealed at every floor with fire stop materials having the same fire resistance as that of the floor. High, medium and low voltage wiring running in shaft and in fal$e ceiling shall ran in separate shaft/eonduitsican Sea UST ARON ‘Water mains, gas pipes, telephone lines, intercom lines ot any other service line shall not be laid in the duct for electrical cables; use of bus duets/solid rising mains instead of cables is preferred Ail metallic items like steel structural members, ete, shall be bonded properly to the earthing system. 3.4.6.2 Emergency power for fre and life safety systems Emergency power supplying distribution system for critical requirement for functioning of fire and life safety system and equipment shall be planned for efficient and reliable power and control supply to the following systems and equipment where provided: a) Fite pumps. b) Pressurization and smoke venting; inetucing its ancillary systems such as dampers and actuators, ©) Fireman’s lifts (including alt lifts). ® Exitsignage lighting. ©) Emergency lighting 9) Firealarmn system. 8) Public address (PA) system (relating to ‘emergency voice evacuation and annunciation). bh) Magnetic door hold open devices. J) Lighting in fre command centre and security reom. Power supply to these systems and equipment shall be from normal and emergency (standby generator) power sources with changeover facility. If power supply, is from HV source and HV generation, the transformer should be planned in standby capacity to ensure continuity of power to such systems. Wherever ‘transformers are installed at higher levels in buildings and backup DG sets are of higher voltage rating, then dual redundant cables shall be taken to all transformers, ‘The generator shall be capable of taking starting current of all the fire and life safety systems and equipment as above. Where parallel HV/LV supply from a separate substation fed from different grid is provided with appropriate transformer for emergency, the provision of generator may be waived in consultation with the Authority. The power supply to the panel/distribution board of these fire and life safety systems shall be through fire roof enclosures or citcuit integrity cables or through alternate route in the adjoining fire compartment to ensure supply of power is reliable to these systems'and equipment. It shall be ensured that the cabling from the adjoining fire compartment is protected within the compartmentof vulnerability. The location of the panel distribution board feeding the fire and life safety system Shall be in fire safe zone ensuring supply of power to these systems 2 Citonits of such emergency system shall be protected atorigin by an automatic circuit breaker with its no-vole coil removed. Master switches controlling essential service circuits shall be clearly labelled Cables for fire alarm and PA system shail be laid in metal conduits or armoured to provide physical segregation from the power cables 3.4.6.3 Substation/Transformers Areas in substation shal! not be used as storage/dump areas or for other utility purposes other than those required for the functioning of the substation. ‘The substation area should be adequately ventilated. An independent, ventilated or air conditioned MV panel room shall be provided on the ground level or first basement. This room shall be provided with access from outside (or through exit passageway accessible from outside). The MV panel room shall be provided with fire resistant walls end doors of fire resistance of not Tess than 120 min. Ifthe licensees agree to provide meters on upper floors, the licensees" cables shall be segregated from ‘consumers’ cables by providing « partition in the shaft, Meter rooms on upper floors shall not open into staircase enclosures and should be ventilated directly {to open air outside or in electrical room of 120 min fire resistant walls Electrical MV main distribution panel and lift panels shall be provided with CO,linert gas flooding system for all pane! compartments with a cylinder located beside the panel, 3.4.6.3.1 Oil filled substation A substation or a switch-station with oil filled equipment shall be limited to be installed in utility building or in outdoor location. Such substation/utiity building shall be at least 7 m away from the adjoining building(s). Substation equipment (exceeding oil capacity of 2.000 litre) in utility building shall have fire rated bafile walls of 240 min rating constructed between such equipment, raised to at least 600 mm above the height of the equipment (including height of oil conservators) and exceeding 300 mm on each side of the equipment. All transformers where capacity exceeds 10 MVA shall be protected by high velocity water spray systems of nitrogen injection system. 3.4.6.3.2 Dry type substation : ‘Transformers located inside a building shall be of dry type and all substation/switch room walls, ceiling, floor, opening including doors shall have a fire resistance NATIONAL BULLDING CODE OF INDIA 2016raling of 120 min. Access to the substation shall be provided from the nearest fire exiv/exit staircase for the purpose of electrical isolation, 3.4.6.4 Standby supply Diesel generator set(s) shall not be installed at any floor other than ground/first basement. If the same are installed indoors, proper ventilation and exhaust shall be planned. The DG set-room shall be separated by 120 min fire resistance rated walls and doors, ‘The oil tank for the DG sets (if notin the base of the 1G) shall be provided with a dyked enclosure having a volumetric capacity of at least 10 percent more than the volume of the oil tank. The enclosure shall be filled with sand for a height of 300 mm, For detailed information regarding fire safety requirements for hazardous petroleum products, reference may be made to The Petroleum Act, 1934 and the Rules framed thereunder. 3.4.6.5 Lightning protection of buildings Routing of down conductors (insulated or uninsulated) of lightning protection through electrical or other service shafts are not allowed as i can create fire and explosion during lightning. For details, see Part 8 “Building Services, Section 2 Electrical and Allied Tnstallations’ of the Code. 34.7 Escape Lighting and Exit Signage Exit access, exits and exit discharge shall be properly identified, with adequate lighting maintained in the elements of the egress systems so that all occupants shall be able to leave the facility safely. 3.4.7.1 Lighting a) The exit, exit access and exit discharge systems shall be illuminated continuously. The floors of the means of egress shall be illuminated at all points, including angles and intersections, in corridors and passageways, stairwells, landings of stairwells and exit. _») Emergency lighting shall be powered from a source independent of that supplying the normal lighting, ©) Escape lighting shall be capable of, 1), indicating clearly and unambiguously the escape routes; 2) providing adequate illumination along such routes to allow safe movement of persons towards and through the exits; and 3) ensuring that fire alarm call points and firefighting equipment provided along the escape routes can be readily located. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY ) The horizontal luminance at floor level on the centreline of an escape route shatl not be less than 10-lumen/m?. Jn addition, for escape routes up to 2 m wide, 50 percent of the route ‘width shall be Tit to a minimum of 5 lumen/n? In auditoriums, theattes, concert halls and such other places of assembly, the illumination of floor exitfaccess may be reduced during period of performances to velues not less than 2 lux. ¢) Required illumination shall be arranged such that the failure of any single lighting unit, such as the burning out of one luminaire, wll not leave any area in datkness and does not impede the functioning of the system further. 1) The emergency tighting shall be provided to bbe put on within Ss of te failure ofthe normal lighting supply. Also, emergency lighting shatl be able to maintain the required itlumination level for a period of not less than 90 min in the event of failure of the normal lighting even for smaller premises. g) Battery pack emergency lighting, because of its limited duration-and reliability, shall not be allowed to be used intieu ofadiesel engine driven emergency power supply. h) Escape lighting luminaires should be sited to cover the following locations 1) Near cach intersection of considers, 2) Atexits and at each exit door, 3) Near each change of direction in the escape route, 4) Near each staircase 50 that each flight of stairs receives direct light, 1 5) Near any other change of floor level, 6) Outside each final exit and close to it, 1) Near each fire alarm call point, 8) Near firefighting equipment, and 9) To illuminate exit and safety signs as required by the enforcing authority NOTE — For the parpose of this clause “neat” is normally considered to be within 2m measured horizontally, j) The luminaires shall be mounted as low as possible, but atleast 2m above the floor level. K) Signs are required at all exits, emergency oxits and escape routes, which should comply with, the graphicrequirements of the relevant Indian Standards. 3.4.7.2 Exit passageway (at ground) and staircase lighiting shall also’be connected to alternative supply’ The alternative source of supply may be provided by battery contimuously trickle chatged from the electric mains.ed ners 3.4.7.3 Suitable arrangements shall be made by installing double throw switches to ensure that the lighting installed in the staircase and the corridor does not get connected to two sources of supply simultaneously. Double throw switch shall be installed in the service room for terminating the stand-by supply. ‘The emergency lighting system shall be well maintained by periodical inspections and tests so as to ensure their perfect serviceabitity at all times. 3.4.7.4 Buit signage Where exit access is provided through corridorsipaths, the occupants shall be able to easily identify the way to exits, Exit signs shall be provided such that no point in au exit access is more than 30 m from a visible exit divectional sign. An exit sign indicating the direction to an cxit shall be provided at all changes in direction, Exits shail be clearly visible and the route to reach the cexits shall be clearly marked and signs posted to guide the occupants of the floor concemed. Signs shall be illuminated and wired to an independent electrical circuit on an altemative source of supply. The sizes and colours of the exit signs shall be in accordance with good practice [4(7)}.-Phe colour of the exit signs shall be green NOTS — This provision shall not apply to A-2 and A-é ‘ceupaticies less than 15 m in height ‘The exit sign with arrow indicating the way to the escape ronte shall be provided ata suitable height from the floor level on the wall and shall be illuminated by electric ight connected to corridor circuits. All exit way ‘marking signs should be so instatled that no mechanical damage shall occut to them due to moving of furniture or other heavy equipment. Further, all landings of floor shall have floor indicating boards prominently indicating the number of the floor. Photo luminescent markings shall be pasted at intemal hydrant boxes. 3.4.8 dir Conditioning, Ventilation and Smoke Control 3.4.8.1 Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation requirements of different rooms or areas in any occupancy shall be 95 given in Part 8 ‘Building Services, Section } Lighting and Natural Ventilation” and “Section 3 Air conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation’ of the Code. Air conditioning and ventilating systems shall be so installed and maintained as to minimnise the danger of spread of fire, smoke or fumes fiom one floor to other or from outside to any occupied building or structure, Many high-rise buildings integrate smoke management systems into their conventional HVAC systems. In such installation, it requires special design considerations, 24 including safe and adequate controls, acceptable and documented testing and reguler maintenance systems, Wherever batteries are provided, the same shall be segregated by 120 min fire rated construction, Ventilation to the room shall be provided as per ‘manufacturer's instructions, 3.4.8.2 Air handling unit 3.4.8.2.1 From fire safety point of view, separate air handling units (AHU) for each floor shall be provided 80 as to avoid the hazards arising irom spread of fire and smoke through the air conditioning ducts. The air ducts shall be separate from each AHU to its floor and inno way shall interconnect with the duct of any other floor. Within a floor it would be desirable to have separate air handling unit provided for each ‘compartment, Airhandling unit shall be provided with effective means {for preventing circulation of smoke through the system in the case of a fire in air filters or from other sources drawn into the system, and shall have smoke sensitive devices for actuation in accordance with the accepted standard [4(8)] and control 3.4.8.2.2 Shafts or duets, if penetrating multiple floors, shall be of masonry construction with fire damper in connecting ductvork or shall have fire rated ductwork with fire dampers at floor crossing. Altematively, the duct and equipment may be installed in room having walls, doors and fire damper in duct exiting/entering the room of 120 min fire resistance rating, Such shafts and ducts shall have all passive fire control meeting 120 min fire resistance rating requirement to meet the objective of isolation of the floor from spread of fire to ‘upper and lower floors through shaft/duct work, NOTE — Zoned and compartmented HVAC systems are encouraged with an approach to avoid common exhaust shafts and fresh tir intake chats which will Timi the requcement of suck passive measure and fre rated duct work and damper, 3.4.8.2.3 The air filters of the airhandling units shall bbe made of non-combustible materials. 3.4.8.2.4 The air handling unit room shall not be used for storage of any combustible materials. 3.4.8.3 Duct work 3.4.8.3.1 Air ducts serving main floor areas, corridors, cic, shall not pass through the exits/exit passageway? exit enclosure. Exits and lift lobbies, etc, shall not be used as return air passage, 3.4.8.3.2 As far as possible, metallic ducts shall be used ‘even for the retura air instead of space above the false ceiling, 3.4.8.3.3 Wherever the ducts pass through fire walls or floors, the opening around the ducts shall be sealed NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 2 eee eeYee“ SOCSSOGOCS o ee eae with materials having fire resistance rating of the compartment. Such duet shall also be provided with fire dampers at all fire walls and floors unless such duets are required to perform for fire safety operation; and in such case fire damper may be avoided et fire wall and floor while integrity of the duct shall be rmeintained with 120 min fire resistance rating to allow the emergency operations for fire safety requirements, 3.4.8.3-4 The ducting within compartment would require minimam fire resistance rating of 30 min. Such ducting material in substantial gauge shall be in accordance with good practice (4(9)]. If such duet ‘crosses adjacent compartment/floor and not having fire dampers in suck compartment/floor, it would require fire resistance duct work rating of 120 min. ‘The requitements of support of the duet shall meet its ‘unctiotal time requirement as above, 3.4.8.3.5 The materials used for insulating the duct system (inside or outside) shall be of non-combustible type. Any such insulating material shall not be wrapped of secured by any material of combustible nature. 3.4.8.3.6 Inspection panels shall be provided in the ductwork to facilitate the cleaning accumulated dust in ducts and to obtain access for maintenance of fire dampers, a) Atthe fire separation wall, b) Where ducts/passages enter the vertical shat, ©) Where the duets pass through floors, and 4) At he inlet of supply air duct and the return air duct of each compartment on every floor. 3.4.8.4.2 Damper shall be of motorized type/fusible Jink. Darnper shall be so installed to provide complete integrity of the compartment with all passive fire protection sealing. Damper should be accessible-to ‘maintain, test and also replace, if sp required. Damper shall be integrated with Fire Alarm Panel and shall be sequenced to operate as per requirement and have interlocking arrangement for fire safety of the building. Manual operation facilities for damper operation shall also be provided, 3.4.9 Heating 3.4.9.1 Installation of chimney and heating apparatus shall be ia accordance with good practice [4(10)], 3.4.9.2 Boiler rooms 3.4.9.2.1 Provisions of boiler and boiler rooms shall, conform to The Boilers Act, 1923. 3.4.9.2.2 Pucther, the following additional aspects may bbe taken into account in the Locatjon of boiler room: a) The boilers shall be installed in a fire resisting 100m of 180 min fire resistance sating b) Entry to this room shall be provided with a composite door of 120 min fire resistance rating. ©) The boifer room shall be provided with its dedicated natural or mechanical ventilation systema, Mechanical ventilation system for the boiler room would be accepted with 120 min fire resistance rating ductwork, if it has interface with other mechanical areas ‘Ventilation system should not be allowed to be routed through clectrical room area or through exit corridorfexits, 4) The oil tank for the boiler shalt he provided with 2 dyked enclosure having a volumetric capacity of atleast 10 percent more than the volume ofthe oil tank. The enclosure shall be filled with sand for a height of 300 mm. 34.10 Glazing 3.4.10.1 The glazing shall be in accordance with Part 6 “Structural Design, Section 8 Glass and Glazing’ of the Code. The entire glazing assembly shall be rated to that typeof construction as given in Table 1. This shall Poe 3.4.8.4 Fire or firesmoke dampers be applicable along with other provisions of this Part {Oe 3.4.8.4.1 These dampers shall be evaluated tobe located elated to respective uses as specified therein. The use in supply air ducts, fresh air and return air cuctsy of glass shall not be permitted for enclosures of exits © passages at the following points: and exit passageway. 3.4.10.2 Glass facade shall be in accordance with the following: 4) For fully sprinktered buildings having fire separation of 9 m or more, tempered glass in a non-combustible assembly, with ability to hold the glass in place; shall be provided, Tt shall be ensured that sprinklers are located within 600 mm of the glass facade providing fall coverage to the glass, NOTE — Incase of al other buildings, fre resistance rating of glass facade shall be in accordance with Table 1 b) All gaps between floor-slabs and facade assembly shall be sealed tall evels by approved fire resistant sealant material of equal fire rating as that of floor slab to prevent fire and smoke propagation from one floor to another. ©) Openable panels shall be provided on each floor and shall be spaced not more than 10m. apart méasured along the extemal wall from centre-to-centre of the govess openings. Such ‘openings shall be operable at a height between 1.2:mand'T.5 m from the floor, and shall be in PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 25 SSO6CS Oothe form of openable panels (fre necess panels) Of size not less than 1 000 mma x 1000 mm ‘opening outwards, The wordings, “FIRE OPENABLE PANEL — OPEN IN CASE OF FIRE, DO NOT OBSTRUCT” of at least 25 mm letter height shall be marked on the internat side, Such panels shall be suitably distributed on each oor based on occupant ‘concentration, These shall not be limited to Cubicle areas-and shall be also located in Common areas/eortidors to facilitate access by the building occupants and fire personnel for smoke exhaust in times of distress. 34.11 Suaface Interior Finishes 3.411 The use of combustible surface finishes on walls (including facade of the building) and ceilings affects the safety of the occupants of a building. Such finishes tend to spread the fire and even though the structural elements may be adequately fire resistant, serious danger to life may result. Tt is, therefore, essential to have adequate precautions to minimise spread of flame on wall, facade of building and ceiling surfaces. The finishing materials used for various ssurfages and decor shall be such that it shall not generate toxic smoke/fumes, 3.4.1.2 The susceptibility of various types of wall surfaces to fire is determined in terms of the rate of Spread of flame. Based on the rate of spread of flame, surfacing ‘material shall be considered as divided into fourclasses as follows (see also good practice [4(11)}}: a) Class 1 Surfaces of very low flame spread, b) Class 2 Surfaces of low flame spiead, ©) Class 3 Surfaces of medium flame spread. 4) Class 4 Surfaces of rapid flame spread 3.4.11.3 The uses for which surface materials falling into various classes shall be adopted in building constmuction are given below: lass} Class 2 Class 3 o @ ® ; Ot Maybe — May be used May be used only in wsedin in any living rooms and bed any situation, rooms (but not in situation except on rooms. on the roof) walls, facade and only as a lining of the to solid walls and building, partitions; not on stairease and staircases or corridors comidors or facade of the building, wors— Paneling (lining) shall be permitted ina imited rca, 1 shall not be permitied in a vestibule Soe EEE et 26 3.4.11.4 Materials of Class 4 which include untreated Wood fiberboards may be used with due fire retardant treatment as cciling lining, provided the ceiling is at least, 2.4 m rom the top surface of the floor below, and the wall surfaces conform to requirements of class [see Note wader 3.4.11.3). Class 4 materials shall not be used in kitchens, corridors and staircases. Some materials contain bicumen and, in addition to risk from spread of fire, emit dense smoke on burning; such materials shall be excluded from use under these ‘conditions and shall also not be used for construction of ceiling where the plenum is used for retum air in air conditioned buitdings. 3.4.11.5 When frames, walls, partitions or floors are lined with combustible materials, the surfaces on both, sides of the materials shall conform to the appropriate class, because there is considerable danger from fire starting and rapidly spreading within the concealed cavity unknown to the occupants whose escape may be hampered thereby. For detailed information on materials and details of construetion with their fire resistance rating, reference may be made to good practice (4(12)] 3.4.12 Fire Command Centre (FCC) 4) Fire command centre shall be on the entrance floor of the building having direct access, The control room shall have the main fire slarm panel with communication system (suitable public address system) to aid floors and facilities for receiving the message from different floors. b) Fire command centre shall be constructed with 120 min rating walls with a fire door and shall beprovided with emergency lighting. Interior finishes shall not use any flaramable materials, All controls and monitoring of fire alarm systems, pressurization systems, smoke management systems shall happen from this room. Monitoring of integrated building management systems, CCTVs or any other critical parametets in building may also be from the same room. ©) Details of all foor plans along with the details of firefighting equipment and installations (2 sets laminated and bound) shall be maintained in fire command centre. 4) The fire staff in charge of the fire command centre shall be responsible for the maintenence of the various services and firefighting equipment and installations i coordination with security, electrical and civit staff of the building, NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 ¢ c c a c4 LIFE SAFETY 4.1 General Every building shall be so designed, constructed, equipped, maintained and operated as to provide adequate means of egress to avoid undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants fom fire, smoke, fumes or panic during the time period necessary for escape. For high occupancy areas, it may be required to have anmunciation, announcements and voice guidediaided system to direct the occupants towards safe egress routes, areas of comparative safety orexits, and to avoid situation of panic during distress. Every main occupancy may have certain occupancies which may be incidental to the main occupaney. The exit requirements pertaining to such incidental ‘occupancies from the floorof the occupancy to the level of exit discharge shall be calculated to meet the requirement of the actual occupancy of such type, to ensure adequate means of egress of the occupants. ‘See aiso 13 of Part 3 ‘Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements’ of the Code for accessibility for elderly and persons with disabilities, for various requirements for enabling a smooth and safe caress, 4.2 General Exit Requirements 4.2.1 An exit may be ¢ fire exit doorway; an intemal staircase, exit passageway, external doorway, external staircase and these having access fo the streei or to a Veranda or to a refuge area or to the terrace or roof of building. An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to an adjoining building/fire compartment hhaving its further access to unlocked/public exit at the same level 4.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, lifts, escalators, moving walks and revolving doors shall not be considered as exits and shall not constitute any part of the required exit. 4.2.3 very exit, exit passageway and exit discharge shall be continuously maintained free of all obstructions or impediments to full use in the case of fire or other emérgency, 4.2.4 Every building having human occupancy shall be provided with exits sufficient to permit safe egress of occupants, in ease of fire or other emergency. 4.2.5 In every buildizig or structure, exits shall comply with the minimum requitemeits of this Part, except those not accessible for general public use 4.2.6 No building shalt be so altered as to reduce the number, width or protection of exits to less than that required, PART 4 FIRE AND LIPE SAFETY 4.2.7 For non-naturally ventilated areas, fire coors with 120 min fire resistance rating shall be provided and particularly at the entrance to lift lobby and stair well where a ‘funnel or flue effect’ may be created, inducing an tipward spread of fire, to prevent spread of fire and smoke. 4.2.8 Exits shali be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit/passage in others control, if they pose challenge or restriction in means of egress. 4.2.9 Doors in exits shall open in the direction of exit. In case of assembly buildings (Group D) and institutional buildings (Group C-1), exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight of stair and all such, entries to the stair shall be through a landing, so that, such doors do not impede movement of people descending from a higher floor when fully opened (see Fig. 4A), While for other occupancies, such doors shall not reduce the pathway in the landing by more then half the width of such staircase (see Fig. 4B). Over- head or sliding doors shat! not be installed. 4.2.10 At least half of the required exit stairs fom ‘upper floors (rounded to the next higher number) shall discharge directly to the exterior or through exit passageways. 4.2.11 Unless otherwise specified, all the exits and exit passageways to exit discharge shall have a clear ceiling height of at least 2.4 m. However, the height of exit door shal! be at least 2.0 m (see Fig. 5). 4.2.12 Where changes in elevation of more than 300 mn are cucountered in the exits, ramps or sloped surfaces shall be used with handrails and floor finish ‘materials that contrast withthe adjacent finish materials, 4.2.13 The capacity of the means of egress required from any storey of the building shal! not be reduced along the path of egress travel until arrival to the exit discharge. 4.2.14 The lifts, escalators, moving walks, tumstiles and revolving doors shall not be considered in determining the required capacity of means of egress for the individual floor(s) or the building. 4.2.15 Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict travel to one direction or that are used to restrict unauthorized entry shall not be so placed as to obstruct any required means of egress. Alternative door openings of required exit width shall be available within 3 m of such devices, if installed. 4.2.16 Suitable means shall be provided so that all access controlled exit doors, tumstiles, boom barriers and other such exits shall automatically operate to open mode during emergencies like fire, smoke, acts. of 21suscestep Lacanion OF WETRISER FIRE — HyDRaNt cLear oF DOOR OPENING NOTE — Daot width shal be based an type of occupancy. 4A MINIMUM REQUIRED UNOBSTRUCTED CLEARANCE WITH DOOR LEAF ENCROACHING ON LANDING IN INSTITUTIONAL AND ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS A> REQUIRED WIDTH 48 MINIMUM REQUIRED UNOBSTRUGTEO CLEARANCE WITH DOOR LEAF ENCROACHING ON LANDING Fra. 4 Door Location ar Lanpine mv Fire Exrrs terrorism, etc, so that people can safely and quickly egress into safe areas outside, If required, a master controlling device may be installed at a strategic location to achieve this. 4.2.17 Penetrations into and openings through an exit are prohibited except those necessary like for the fire protection piping, duots for pressurization and similar life safety services, Such openings as well as vertical passage of shaft through floors shall be protected by passive systems. 4.2.18 Walking surfaces in.exit access stall comply with the following requirements for smooth exit: a) Walking surfaces shall be nominally level. b)_ The slope of walking surface in the direction of travel shall not exceed 1 in 20 unless the vamp requirements are met (see 4,4.2.4.3.5). ©) Slope perpendicular to the direction of travel shall not exceed I in 48, 4) Walking surfaces shall be slip-resistant along the entire path of travel 42.19 Basement a) Basement exits shall be sufficient to provide for the capacity ofthe basement as determined in accordance with 4.4.2.1, In no case shall there be less than two independent basément exits, ») Basements having incidental occupancies to main occupancy shall be planned with exit requirements of the basements for the actual occupancy within the basement. ©) Where basement is used for car parking and also there is direct approach fromr any NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016@ 9 ot 4 eC em | } } i 6 Seeeoeaeeods EXIT C1SCHARGE j—2000-—=| 2400 xm aocess. EXIT Access| EXIT YwTH EXIT PASSAGEWAY AND EXIT DISCHARGE Fic, 5 Minimum Heap Room Measurement ‘occupancy above to the basement, door openings leading to the basement shall need to be protected with fire doors with 120 min fire rating, except for exit discharge doors from the basements. 4.3 Occupant Load For determining the exits required, the number of persons within any floor area or the occupant load shall ‘be based on the actual number of occupants declared, but in no case less than that specified in Table 3. The occupant load of a mezzanine floor discharging to a floor below shall be added to that floor occupancy and the capacity of the exits shall be designed for the total ocoupancy load thus established. ‘The occupant load of each story considered individually ‘Table 3 Occupant Load (Clauses 4.3 and 4.4.2.1) st ‘Group ot Occupsney ‘Occupant Load Factor Na, ‘a/person) (Gee Note 1) a @ ® 1) Group A: Residential 12.50 8} Group B: Eoucational 400 iil) Group C: Institutional (see Note 2) 8) Indoor patients area 15.00 8) Outdoor patents area 100. iv)" Group: Assembly: 4) Concentrated use without fixed seating 06s ) Less concentrated use without fixed seating (soo Note 3) 140 ©) Fixed senting see Noted Dining areas and restaurants with seating and table 180) ¥) Group F: Mercantile: 8) Street oor and sales basement 300, 0) Uppersales ocr i) ©). Storage/wavehouse reqeiving and the like 20.00 vQ Group E: Business 10.00 vi) Group G: Industrial 10.00 iil) Group H: Storage (see Note 5) 30000 1) Group J: Hazardous 10.00 ores 1 Gross 2 shall be the oor area as defined in 2.35. All factor expressed are in gross area unless marked net 2 Occupant load in dormitory portions of homes for the aged, orphanages, insane asylums, etc, where sleeping secommodation is ‘provided, shall be calculated st not less than 7.5 t grdss floor azea/person. 43 These shal! include gymnasium, teble tennis room, billiard room and other gaming rooms, library, swimming pool and like 4 In case of assembly occupancy having fixed seas, Uke occupant load shall be éeermined by multiplying the number of sees by 1.2 5 Car paring areas under cecupancy other than storage shall also be 30 mi? per person, PART 4 PIR AND LIFE SAFETY 29shall be required to be used in computing the number of means of egress at each story, provided that the required number of means of egress is not decreased in the direction of egress travel. ‘The assembly occupancies and call centres shall be required to display, limiting occupant load details positioned in a conspicuous place near the entrance of each of such respective occupancy to avoid possible overcrowding and overloading. The display shall preferably be engraved on ametal plate of not ess than 300 mm * 200 mm, with letters of height and width not less than $0 mm, with detail of occupancy, area and ‘occupaney load (see figure below). ‘The capacity of any open mezzanine/balcony shall be added to the capacity of the floor below for the purpose of determining exit capacity, MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY PERSONS PERMITTED WITHIN THIS SPACE/ROOM IT IS CONFIRMED THAT THE FIRE EXITS ARE PLANNED FOR EGRESS OF THE OCCUPANCY AS MENTIONED ABOVE AND. OCCUPANCY MORE THAN THE ABOVE IS NOT PERMITTED IN THE SPACE/ROOM AS. FOLLOWS: SPACE/ROOM DETAIL: FLOOR NO. Sten: (MANAGERIAUTHORZED SIGNATORY) 4.4 Egress Components Egress components to be considered are the number of exits to which access is provided, capacity of exit access, uavel distance to an exit, the obviousness of the direction to an exit, and any hindrance including due to seourity issues involved. 44.4 Exit Access 8) A common path of travel is desirable in exit access which leads to two independent directions to separate exits b) Capacity of exit access — The width of corridors, aisles or ramps required for exit access shall be sufficient to ensure a smooth flow of occupants tothe exit. Where a corridor is the only way ofaccess to anexit, the corridor width shall not be less than the calculated exit width ©) Objects like tables, chairs or any other temporary/permanent structures in exit access corridors shall be avoided as this mey result in congestion and also impeding smooth flow of personne! during emergencies, ) In order to ensure that each element of the means of egress can be effectively utilized, they shall all be properly lit and marked. Lighting shall be provided with emergency power back-up in ease of power failures. Also, exit signs of adequate size, marking, location, and lighting shall be provided so that all those ‘unfamiliar with the location of the exits may safely find their way. ©) Exitraccess to fireman’s lift and refuge area on the floor shall be step free and clearly signposted with the international symbol of accessibility 1) Exit access shall not pass through storage rooms, closets or spaces used for similar purpose, 8) Thecalculation of capacity of exit access shall be in accordance with 4.4.2.4 4.4.2 Exits 4.4.2.1 Mumber of exits ‘The minimum required number of exits in a building shall be determined based on occupant load (see Table 3) and width required per person (see Table 4) as appropriate to the type of exit.for respective occupancies, subject to complying with maximum travel distance requirement (see Table 5) 4.4.2.2 Arrangement of exits 8) Exits shall be 0 located that the travel distance. on the floor shall not exceed the distance given in Table 5 b) Travel distance shall be measured fom the most remote point within a storey or a ‘mezzanine floor along the natural and un- obstructed path of horizontal or vertical egress travel to the door to an exit. ©) The dead end corridor length in exit access shall not exceed 6 m for educational, institutional and assenibly occupancies. For other occupancies, the same shall be 15 m (see Fig. 6) 4) Exits shall be placed as remoté from each other as possible and shall be arranged to provide direct access in separate directions fiom any point in the area served. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016a 26 02 @@¢ eee a@o0980 Cmte Fi L-uFT DEAD-END CORRIDOR Fic, 6 Deap Enp Corripor 44.2.3 Capacities of means of egress a) Exit capacity is the number of people that can pass through a stairway, and level components (door and corridor) and ramps. The total capacity ofall the respective means of egress serving a floor shall be sufficient to allow ‘egress of the entire population of the floor. ©) The unit of exit width, used to measure the capacity of anyeexit, shall be 500 mm. A clear width of 250 mm shall be counted as an additional half unit, Clear widths less than 250 mm shall not be counted for exit width. ©) Width per person for stairways, and level components and ramps shall be determined using the capacity factors in accordance with Table 4 ‘Table 4 Capacity Factors [Clauses 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.3(6) and 4.4.2.4.2(a)] SI Occupancy ‘Width per Person Ne. Grows mn — Stairways Level Components and Remps oO @ ® o i) Resideadial (Group a i) Educational’ Group ayf 1? . iil) Instiutiona! (Group ©), 15 3 iy) Assembly (Group D) %) {Group ) vil) Mercantile © (Group) |” 1D 65 vit) Industrial — Qroup G) vit) Storage (Group B) ix) _Hezardous (Group) 18 10 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY For example, if an exit doorway measures 1 000 mm in clear width, t would be defined as providing exit capacity for 1 000/6.5 ‘occupants, that is, 153 persons (say 150 persons) and number of such exit doorways can then be calculated depending on the occupant load. ‘When caleutating stairways, level components and ramps and other exit means, the capacity of the entire system shall have to be based tupon the minimum capacity available from any part of the system. The corridor, if so provided shall also to be planned with consideration of exit access adequacy for the number of occupants. Further, consider the situation of doors opening to an exit stairway. If the stairway provides an exit capacity of 150 persons, and the doors leading into the stairway provide an exit capacity of 153 persons, the overall exit system would be considered to provide the minimum exit capacity of only 150 persons afforded by the stairway. The exit planning will be limited by the most restrictive exit calculation under the means of egress. In the procedures for determining required egress capacity, the number of required means of egress is based on a floor-by-floor consideration, rather than the accumulation of the occupant loads of all the floors. However, the number of means of egress cannot decrease ‘as an occupant proceeds along the egress path. 4.4.2.4 Types of exit access and exits Various types of exit access and exits are doorways, corridors and passageways, horizontal exits, internal 3tarin and Construction ‘Type) (Clauses 4.4.2.1 and 4.4.2.2) ‘Table 5 Travel Distance (Based on Occupancy Maxinman Travel Distance pee Ee Type | and @ 3000 30.00 3000 30.00 30.00 30.00 450 2.50 3000 2250 SI Oatipaney Group ne | w ® | ‘) Resdaal Gop) i i) Bexatoat(rece 3) | 1) nstseoa (Gee C) i 1) Asentiy (oe) i Y) Business (Group &) vi) Mercantile (Group F) | 4 9) Indie (pO) hoz Sy i vin) Stange (Grup 19 | I) Hanan (op | notes 7 insented by 30 prea of he ues speci \a ia below the st basen nea akg id ramps, Types3 anda a 230 2230 2250 3000 30.00 30.00 See Nete3 4 For fully sprikieced building, the travel distance may be 2 Ramp shall not be counted as an exit in case of basements 3 Construction of Type 3 or Type 4 is not permitted staircases, exit passageways, extemal staircases and ‘Requirements for each are as detailed below. 4.42 b) 4) Q ISR Eaten A Doorways a) Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway or a horizontal exit of a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of egress (see Fig. 7 on uunaccepted arrangement of doars in a stair). No exit doorway shall be less than 1 000 mm in width except assembly buildings, where door width shall be not less than 2 000 mm (see Fig. 8). Doorways shall be not less than 2.000 mm in height. Exit doorways shall be operable from the side which they serve, without the use of a key. Mitrots shall not be placed on exit doors and in exits to avoid confusion regarding the direction of exit, ‘Revolving doors can be accepted as a component in a means of egress where the following requirements are fully complied wit: 1), Doors shall be capable of collapsing to @ book fold position with parallel egress paths, of width not less than 1 000 ram. 2), Doors shail not be located within 3 m of ‘the foot or top of stairs or escalators. A disperSal area shall be provided between the staits or escalators and the doors. 3) Each revolving door shall be provided with a hinged door in the same wall within 3 m thereof, with same exiting capacity 4) Each revolving door shall be considered 4s capable of exiting only 5 persons ) ANT fire rated doors and assembly shall be provided with certificate and labels prominently indicating the manufacturer’s ‘identification, door details covering door type, seriaV/batch number, month and year of manufacture, fire resistance fating, etc. The doors and assembly shall be certified with all prescribed hardware such as hinges, locks, panic bars, door closer, and door viewers. 8) Access controlled doors — Access controlled doors and electromagnetic doors shail fall under this category. ‘These shall meet the following requirements: a 1) Doors shall have fire rating as per the requirements at the location of installation 2) Activation of the building automatic sprinkler or fire detection system, if provided, shall automatically ualock the doors in:the-direction of egress, and the doors shall remain unlocked wntil the automatic sptinkler system or fire-alarm system has been rhenually reset. 3) Loss of power to the part of the access control system that locks the doors shali splomatically unlock the doors in the irection of egress. 4) A manual release device shall be provided in the readily accessible Vicinity of the egress door with a signage ‘PUSH TO EXIT” and wien the same is operated, it shall result in direct interruption of power to the lock, independent of the access control system electronics, 1b) Turnstiles — Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict travel to one direction or are used to collect fares or admission charges shall not beplaced sos to obstruct any required meds of egress unless door openings of required width are available within 3 m thereof. Turnstiles or such similar devices shall also be disengaged through automatic or manual intervention to allow egress in the direction of exit. J) _ Doors in folding partition shall notbe treated as approved means of egress. 44.2.4.2 Corridors and passageways of means of egress: a) Corridors and passageways shall be of width not less than the calculated aggregate width NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016aa @@086 jae ya ee Tats Levee is wor THE LEVEL OF | EXITPISCHARGE Fic, 7 UNACCEPTABLE ARRANGEMENT FOR ENCLOSING A STAI SERVING as a RequineD Exit MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH ZR} LET DOOR wioTH Fic, 8 Miva CLear Door Wore of exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to the exit (see Table 4 and Table 5). b) Inthe case of buildings where there isa central corridor, which is part of exit access, the doors of rooms (except for rooms having assembly occupancy) shall open inwards to permit smooth flow of traffic in the corridor. 4.4.2.4 Staircases 44.2.43,1 General ‘The requirements of number of staircases shall supplement the requirement of different occupancies in 6.1 to 6.9. All buildings, as mentioned in 1.2, shall have a minimum of two staircases. The actual number of staircases shall comply with the requirement of 4.4.2.1 All exit staircases shall discharge, at the level of exit discharge, to the exit discharge, either, a) directly, or b) through an exit passageway, or ©) through @ large lobby. At least 50 percent of the staircases shall discharge as per (2) and/or (b) above. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY ‘The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mun for staircdSe of residential buildings. This shall bbe minimum 300 mm for assembly, hotels, educational, institutional, business and other buildings. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping. The maximum height of riser shall be 190 im for staircase of residential buildings (A-2) and 150m for other buildings. The number of risers shall be limited to 12 per flight. ‘The staircases may be internal staircases or extemal staircases. 4.4.2.43.2 Internal staircases ‘The intemal staircases may be constructed with an external wall, or otherwise, and shall comply with the following: 8) Internal stairs shall be constructed of non- combustible materials throughout, and shell have fire resistantrating of minimusn 120 min, b) A staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft ©) Exits shall notbe used as a portion of a supply, return or exhaust air system serving adjoining areas, Any opening(s) shall aot be permitted in walls or in doors, separating exits from adjoining areas. 4) No flue chimney, clectromechanical equipment, air conditioning units, gas piping or electrical panels shall be allowed in the stairway. * ©) Notwithstanding the detailed provision for exits in accordance with 4.2 and 4.3, the following minimum width shall be provided for staizcases for respective occupancies 1) Residential (A-2) 1.00 m NOTE —Forrow housing with 2 Soroys, the minimum wick hal be 0.75 m. 2). Residential (A-1, 4-3 and A-4) 1.25 m 33,cE i i cues 34 ; 3) Residential hotel (A-5 and : 3.50 :m A-6) 4) Assembly 2.00 m NOTE — The wieth of state may be abeepted to be 1.50 m in case of assembly ocenpancy having less than 150 persons 5) Educational 130m 6) Institutional 2.00 m 7) All other occupancies 150m 5) A handrail stall be provided on one side of the staircase of width less than t 500 mm, and on both sides of the staircase of width 1 500mm and more, The projection of handrai(s) in the staircase width shall not be ‘more than 115 mm, All other requirements of handrail shall be in accordance with Part 3 “Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements’ of the Code, 8) Handrails may project inside the measured width by aot more than 90 mm, h) The design of staircase shall also take into account the following: 1) The minimum headroom in « passage under the landing of staircase and under the staircase shell be 2.2 m 2) Access to exit staicase shall be through 4 fire door of a minimum 120 min fire resistance rating 3) No living space, store or other fire risk shall open dircctly into staircases. 4). The exit (including staircases) shall be continuous from refuge floors or terrace level, as applicable, to the level of exit discharge. 5) Noclectrical shafts/eir conditioning ducts oF gas pipes, etc, shall pess through or open in the staircases, 6) Lifts shall not open in staircase, 7) Nocombustible material shall be used for docoration/wall panelling in the staircase, 8) Beams/columns and other building features shall not reduce the head roou/ width of the stairoase, 9) The floor indication board, indicating the ‘ocation/designated number of staircase, respective floor number and direction to exit discharge shall be placed inside the staircase, on the wall neatest to the fire door, It shall be of size not less than 300 mm * 200 mm (see Fig. 9) Invlividual floors shell be prominently indicated on the wall outside the staircase and facing it. 10) 11) All staircase shall terminate at the level of exit discharge. The access to the basement shall be by a separate staircase 12) Scissors type staircases shail not be treated as part of exit, 44.24.33 Curved stairs Curved stairs shall not be treated as part means of egress, However, these may be used as part of exit access provided the depth of treed is not less than 280 mun at a point 350 mum from the narrower end of the tread and the smallest radius is not less than twice the stair width, 44.2434 Briernal staircases The extemal staircases are the staircases provided on the external wall/facade, and shall comply with the following ay 1) °) a) °) 8) h) D External stairs shall always be kept in sound and usable condition, All external stairs shall be directly connected to the ground Entrance tothe extesnal stars shall be separate ‘and remote from the internal staircase Where an extemal staircase is provided, it shall be ensured that the use of it at the time of fire is not prejudiced by smoke and flame from openings (for example, windows, doors) in the external face of the building Gere be taken to’ ensure that no external wall or window opening opens on to or close to an external stair, If such openings exists within 3 m from an external staircase, they shall be protected with fire rated doors/window assemblies with rating of at least 60 min (ee Fig. 10). ‘The external stairs shall be constructed of non- combustible materials, and any doorway Jeading to it shall have miniaium 120 min fire resistance, No external staircase, shall be inclined at an angle greater than 45° from the horizontal External stairs shall'have straight flight not Jess than 1 500 mm wide, Handrails, to be provided on both sides, shall be of a height not less than 1 000 mm and not exceeding 1200 mm. There shall be provisions of balusters with maxirnum gap of, 150mm, The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to Jow Qccupant load and tu'a building not ‘exoceding 9m in height. spiral staircase shall be not less than 1 500 mm in diameter and shall be designed to give adequate headroom, NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDLA 2016BLOCK A STAIRCASE No. 3 FLOOR S oO @ee@e6 9A EXAMPLE OF A STAIRWAY MARKING SIGN [FLOOR INDICATION BOARD} FLoo8 Puan wre LocaTiON REMAN CE WET RISER HYDRANT a oO € @250@860 @ECOCCA2BHREOOES 9B STAIR SIGN PLACEMENT NOTE — Block/Wing/Building name ae to be project specific. Staircase chowa as 3" ie intending to show the number essgned to ‘the starease All exits preferably tbe assigned with numberfidentfiation enabling eccupant/fire mento declare locatoniposition, reper eee YON Fio. 9 Siow Martone ano Requirement iw Exit 44.2.4.3.5 Ramps ©) Ramps ‘and iiitermediate landings shal! continue with no decrease in width along the irection of egress travel 9) Outsideramps and landings shall be designed to minimise water accumulation on their surfaces. 1b). The slope ofa ramp shall not exceed | in 12 4) Ramps shall have landings located atthe top, at the bottom, and at doors opening onto the (6 percent). = ©) Ramp(s) shall be surfaced with approved slip 1h) Every landing shall be not less than 1 500 mm resistant materials that are securely attached. pace Grae tasteanpe aan No perférations are permissible on ramy j poet - J) Where the ramp is not part of an accessible @) Ramps shall comply with all the applicable requirements for staircases regarding enclosure, capecity (see also Table 4) and limiting dimensions, éxcept where specified in 6.1 to 6.9 for special uses and occupancies. floors. t,he ramp laningsoal terested A) Any changes in rave destin in amp sal route the rarp landings hl nb ene be preceded by landings of 1.5 m 1.5 m size, provided that the ramp has a straight run, PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 35| | } | srarweu. oars eeeurrte9 ies aoa 108 OPENING RESTRICTIONS ON STAIRWELL WALLS: Fig. 10 Opening Restrictions 1) Handzails shall be provided on all ramps on both sides (see 4.4.2.4.3.4), NOTE — Above requirements aré not applicable to basement car parking ramps ‘The ramps shall, in addition, comply with the requirements given in 13 of Part 3 ‘Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements’ of the Code, 4.4.2.5 Smoke control of exits 8) Inbuilding design, compartmentation plays @ vital part in limiting the spread of fire and smoke. The design should ensure avoidance of spread of smoke to adjacent spaces through the various leakege openings in the compartment enclosure, such as cracks, openings around pipes ducts, airflow grills and doors. in the absence of proper sealing of all these openings, smoke and toxic gases will obsituct the free movement of occupants of the building through the exits. Pressurization of siaircases is of great importance for the 36 ») exclusion of smoke and toxic gases from the protected exit, Pressurization is a method adopted for protecting the exits from ingress of smoke, especially in high-rise buildings. In pressurization, aris injected into the staircases, lobbies, etc, as applicable, ta raise their pressure slightly above the pressure in adjacent parts of the building, As a result, ingress of smolce or toxic gases into the exits will be prevented. The pressurization of staircases and lift lobbies shall be adopted as given in Table 6. ‘The pressure difference for staircases shall be 50 Pa, Pressure differences for lobbies (or corridors) shall be between 25 Pa and 30 Pa, Further, the pressure differential for enclosed staircase adjacent to such lobby (or éutridors) shall be 50 Pa, For enclosed staircases adjacent to non-pressurized lobby (or corridors), the pressure differential shall be 50 Pa, NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016a é @ 3 e Cee ae 2a @ 4 i Ca Sea ®@200e6 yyy eyes ame Table 6 Pressurization of Staircases and Lift Lobbies : [Clauses 4.4.2.5 (b) and E-2] SINe. Component Height of Building {ess than 15 ma 15mto20m, Mocs than 30 @ @ ® @ “ 0) emi saizeasenot with extemal all Pressurized except foe‘ Presouized Pressurized residential buildings (A2mea-s) i) tema staircase with exeraal wall Pressurized except for Naturally ventilated or Cross-ventilated or residential buildings Pressurized, Presswnized (Adan As) or ‘Nacaraly ventilated i) Lin tosby Not required at ground Naturally ventilated or Cross-venilted or ‘and above, Pressurized! Pressurized! However lift abby segregation and pressurization is required {or it commuting from round to basement NOTES 1 The natural ventilation requirement ofthe sterease shall be, achieved through opening st each landing, of an area 0.5 mi the exter wall. A cross ventilated staircase shall have 2 such openings in oppositeadjacent walls or the samne shal be eros. ‘ventilated tzough the comdor. 2 Enclosed staircase leading to more than one basemert shal be pressurize. "Lif lobby with fre doors (120 min) at all Ievels with pressurization of 25-30 Pe is required, However, iFlit lobby carat be povided 2 any ofthe fevels in sir conditioned builtings or in intemal spaces where funnel/ue effect may be create, lit hastway shall be ‘pressurized at 30 Pa, For bullding greeter than 20 m, multiple pasn injection oir inlets to maintain deste! picaszaton level shall be Provided. I the Tif lobby it ant Statvase are pat of Srefighting shaft, lift Idbby necessarily has to be presbusized in such ease, unless atarally ventilate, ©) Equipment ahd ductwork for staircase 4)» the positions of the extraction grills pressurization shall bein accordance with one pennit a general air flow away from of the following: the means of egress; 1) Directly connected to the stairway by ii) the construction of the ductwork and ductwork enclosed in non-combustible fans is such that, it will not be construction, rendered inoperable by hot gases and 2) Tduets used to pressurize the system are smoke; andl passed through shafts and grills are iii) there is mo danger of spread of smoke provided at each level, it shall be ensured to other floors by the path of the that hot gases and smoke from the extraction system which can be building cannot ingress into the staircases ensured by keeping the extraction ‘under any circurnstances. fans running. 4) The nonnal air conditioning system and the ©) For pressurized stair enclosure systems, the activation of the systems shall be initiated by ressurization system shall be di Teenie ean signalling from fire alarm panel. interfaced to meet the requirements of emergency services. When the emetigency 1) Pressutization system shall be integrated and pressurization is brought into action, the supervised with the automatic/manual re following changes in the normal air alarm system for actuation conditioning system shall be effected: 2) Wherever pressurized staircase is to be 1) Any re-circulation of air shall be stopped connected to unpressurized area, the two arcas and all exhaust air vented to atmosphere, shall be segregated by 120 min fire resistant wall 2) Any air supply to the areas other ) ee h) Fresh air intake for prgssurization shall be Pr away (et least 4 m) fromm any of the exhoust 3), The exhaust system may be continued oulletverile. provided, PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 374.5 Compartmentation 4.5.1 General 4) Iris important to timit the spread of a fire in any building. The usual method is to use fire barriers. In some instances these barriers need to be penetrated for ductwork, plumbing and electrical systems, and in such cases, use of passive fire protection measures shall be done So that the integrity of these barriers is not compromised. >) Floor(s) shall be compartmented with area as given below. 4.5.2 All floors shall be comnpartmented/zoned with arca ofeach compartment being not more than 750 m2, The ‘maximum size of the compartment shall be as follows, in case of sprinklered basement/building: eee eee eet St Use Compariment- No. ation Area 1g © @) @) 3) Basement car parking 3000 ti) Basements (other than 2.000 car parking) iii) Institutional buildings: 1800 Subdivision C-1 iv) Institutional buildings: ras Subdivision C-2 and C-3 ¥) Mercantile and assembly 2.000 buildings vi) Business buildings 3.000 vil) All other buildings 750 (Excluding low hazard and moderate hazard industcial buildings and storage buildings)” P Compartneatation for low hazsrt and moderate hazard industisl buigings and storage buildings shall be done ia cnsuitation with local fire department Jn addition, there shall be requirement of a minimum. of two compartments if the floor plate size is equal or less than the areas mentioned above. However, such requirement of minimurn two compartments shall not be required, ifthe floor plate is less than 750 m. Compartmentation shall be achieved by means of fite barrier having fire tesistance rating of 120 min 4.6 Smoke Control 4.6.1 Smoke Exhaust and Pressurization of Areas Above Ground Corridors in exit access (exit access corridor) are rented for meeting the requirement of use, privacy and 38 layout in various occupancies. These are most often noted in hospitality, health care occupancies and sleeping accommodations, Exit access corridors of guest rooms and indoor patient department/areas having patients lacking self preservation and forsleeping accommodations such as partments, custodial, penal and mental institutions, etc, shall be provided with 60 min fire resistant wall and 20 min self-closing fire doors along with all fire stop sealing of penetrations. Smoke exhaust system having make-up air and exhaust sir system or altématively pressurization system with supply air system for these exit access corridors shali be required. ‘Smoke exhaust system having malce-up air and exhaust air system shall also be required for theatres/auditoria, ‘Such smoke exhaust system shall lso be required for large lobbies and which have exit through staircase leading to exit discharge, This would enable eased exit of people through smoke controlled arca to exit discharge. All exit passageway (from exit to exit discharge) shall bbe pressurized or naturally ventilated. The mechanical pressurization system shall be automatic in action with ‘manual controls in addition. All such exit passageway shall be maintained with integrity for safe means of egress and evacuation. Doors provided in such exit ‘passageway shall be fire rated doors of 120 minating Smoke exhaust system where provided, for above areas and occupaucies shall have & minimum of 12 air changes per hour smoke exhaust mechanism Pressurization system where provided shall have a minimum pressure differential of 25-30 Pa in relationship to other areas. ‘The smoke exhaust fans in the mechanical ventilation system shall be fire rated, that is, 250°C for 120 min, For naturally cross-ventilated corridors or corridors with operable windows, such smoke exhaust system or pressurization system will not be required. 4.6.2 Smoke Exhaust and Pressurization of Areas Below Ground Each basement shall be separately ventilated. Vents with cross-sectional area (aggregate) not less than 2.5 percent of the floor atea spread evenly round the perimeter of the basement shall be provided in the form, of grills, or breakable stall board lights or paveinent lights or by way of shafts. Altematively, a system of mechanical ventilation system may be provided with following requiréments: 4) Mechanical ventilation system shall be designed to permit [2 air changes per hour in case of fire or distress call. However, for NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016normal operation; air changes schedule shall be as given in Part 8 “Building Services, | Section 3 Air conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation’ of the Code. b) In multi-level basements, independent air intake and smoke exhaust shafts (masonry or reinforced concrete) for respective basement levels and compartments therein shail be planned with its make-up aie and exhaust air fans located on the respective level and in the respective compartment. Alternatively, in multi-level basements, common intake ‘masonry (or reinforced cement eonerete) shaft may serve respective compartments aligned at all basement levels. Similarly, common smoke exhausvoutlet masonry (ot reinforced cement concrete) shafts may also be planned to serve such compartments at all basement levels. ALI supply air and exhaust air fans on respective levels shall be installed in fire resisting room of 120 min. Bxheust fans at the respective levels shall be provided with back draft damper connection to the common smoke exhaust shaft ensuring complete isolation and compartmentation of floor isolation to eliminate spread of fire and smoke to the other compartments/floors. Due consideration shall be taken for ensuring proper drainage of such shafts to avoid insanitation condition, Inlets and extracts mey be terminated at ground level with stall board or pavernent lights as before. Stall board and pavement lights should be in positions easily accessible to the fire brigade and clearly marked ‘AIR INLET’ or‘SMOKE OUTLET” with an indication of area served at or near the opening @ Smoke from any fire in the basement shall not, obstruct any exit serving the ground and upper floors of the building, ©) The smoke exhaust fans in the mechanical ventilation system shall be fire rated, that is, 250°C for 120 min f) The smoke ventilation of the basement car parking areas shall be through provision of supply and exhaust air ducts duly installed with its supports and connected to supply air and exhaust fans, Alternatively, a system of impulse fans (jet fans) may be used for meeting the requirement of smoke ventilation complying with the following: 1) Structural aspecis of beainis and other down stands/services shall be taken care of iu the planning and provision of the jet fans. PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 2) Fans shall be fire rated, that is, 250°C for 520 min, 3) Fans shall be adequately supported to enable operations for the duration as above. 4) Power supply panels for the fans shall be located in fire safe zone to ensure continuity of power supply. 5) Power supply cabling shall meet circuit integrity requirement in accordance with accepted standard [4(13)}. The smoke extraction system shall operate on actuation of flow switch actuation of sprinkler system. In addition, local and/or remote ‘manual start-stop control/switch* shall be provided for operations by the fire fighters. ‘Visual indication of the operation status of the fans shall also be provided with the remote control. No system relating to smoke ventilation shall be allowed to interface or cross the transformer area, elecirical switchboard, electrical rooms or exits, ‘Smoke exhaust system having make-up air ond exhaust air system for areas other than car parking shall be tequired for common areas and exit access corridor in bascments/undergrovnd structures and shall be completely separate and independent of car parking areas aid other mechanical areas, Supply air shall not be less than $ m from any exhaust discharge openings, 4.7 Gas Supply 4.1.1 Town Gas/LPG Supply Pipes Where gas pipes are run in buildings, the samejshall be run in separate shafts exclusively for this purpose and these shall be on external walls, away from the staircases. Gas distribution pipes shall always be below the false ceiling. The length of these pipes shall be as short as possible. In the case of kitchen cooking range area, hood should have grease filters using metalic grill to trap oil vapours escaping into the fume hood NOTE — For detailed informa reference may be made to Part 9 ‘Ges Supply’ ofthe Code. 4.1.2 Thermal detectors ‘These shall be installed into fume hoods of large kitchens forhotels, hospitals, and similar areas located in high rise buildings. Arrangements shall be made for automatic tripping of the exhaust fan in case of fire. If gas is used, the-same shall be shut off. The voltage shall be 24 V or 100 V dc. operated with extemal rectifier, The valve shall be of the hand re-set type and shall be located in af arca segregated from cooking ranges. Valves shall be easily accessible, The hood shall have manval facility for sted or suitable hood extinguishing gas released depending on duty condition, on 8 pipe installations, obing Serviees, Section 4 394.7.3 Gas cylinders and manifold shall need to be housed in a detached location with no other occupancy within distances prescribed in good practice [4(14)] thereof. There shell be an enclosure suitably ventilated It is desirable to provide medium velocity spray nozzles ‘which can be operated by quick opening valve situated away from the enclosure. 4.7.4 In the case of ges cylinders, if manifold has to be installed on podiun/close to podium, the same shall be away from any air intakes/smoke exhaust openings/ any windows. 4.7.5 Pressute regulating stations shall be designed and instatled at critical locations for excess flow shut off valves. Seismic shut off valve at the main distribution point shall be installed for buildings in D-6 occupancy ‘and institutional occupancy above 15 m. 4.7.6 Gas meters shall be housed in a suitably ‘constructed metal cupboard located in a well-ventilated space, keeping in view the fact that LPG is heavier than air and town gas is lighter then air 4.7.7 Wherever LPG teticulation/eylinders are used in buildings above 160m, gas leak detectors shall. be provided at the usage points and monitored from fire command centre. The cables used! for signaling shall be circuit integrity cabies 4.7.8 The gas lines shall not be installed through any clecirical shalis, escape routes, refuge areas/refuge floors, 4.7.9 Kitchens working on LPG fuel shall not be permitted in basements, 4.8 Hazardous Areas, Gaseous, Oil Storage Yard, ete Rooms containing high pressure boilers, refrigerating machinery, transformers or other service equipment ‘subject to possible explosion shall not be located directly under or adjacent to exits. All such rooms shall be effectively cut-off from other parts of the building and shall be provided with adequate vents to the outside air. All rooms or areas of high hazard in additions to those herefabefore mentioned, shall be segregated or shall be protected with fire resistant walls having fire rating of 120 min as fire, explosion or smnoke therefrom is likely ‘o interfere with safe egress from the building, Further, 8) each building shall be provided with an approved outside gas shut-off valve conspicuously marked. ‘The detailed Tequirements regarding safe use.of gas shall be as specified in Part 9 “Pluinbing Services, Section 4 Gas Supply’ of the Code; and b)_allexterior openings in a boiler room or sooms contain central heating equipment, if focated below opening in another storey or if less than 3 m from other doors or windows of the same building shall be protected by a fire assembly as in 3.4.5. Such assemblies shall be fixed, automatic or self-closing. 4.9 Fire Detection and Alarm a) The requirements of fre detestion and alarn systems are covered for each occupancy in Table 7 and under 6.1 to 6.9 for anmunciation to occupants in view of the ensuing vulnerability and to wam occupants early of the existence of fire, 30 a8 to facilitate orderly and safe egress. b) Fire detection and alarm systems in buildings shall be so planned and programmed so as to enable operations of various systems and equipment to facilitate requirements leading to life safety, compartmentation and fire protection. These systems and equipment may include electromechanical systems such as air handling units; pressurization systems; smoke management systems; creation of, compartmentation through the release of fire barrier, hold-up fire doors, ete; and monitoring of fire water storage tanks and pumps, pressures in hydrant and sprinkler system, ete ‘These planning and requirements shall be based on building occupancy and other requirements on case to case basis. ©) Voice evacuation systems shall employ Hindi, English and vernacular language using pre- recorded messages and integrate with fire alarm panels for alerting the zone of fire and surrounding zones/floors as required for ‘annunciation (see also Table 7 and its Note 1), ) Appropriate visual warning arrangement through visual strobes/beacons may be considered: in appropriate situations particularly in public buildings, at required locations to ensure visual as well as alarm for persons with hearing impairment. ©) Forassembly buildings, instinitional buildings and all buildings above 30 m in height where fire alana system is provided in accordance to Table 7, detectors shall also be provided inside the electrical shafts, and lift machine rooms, etc, besides ocenpancy areas. 4) Fire alarm panels shell be connected in peer to peer network or with redundant cables, run in different shafts. Each panel shall be able to work in standalone mode and, master slave architecture may be used where réquired. 8) The fire detection system shall be in accordance with accepted standards [4(15)] NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016THON (oco5) women) 2x 05 an, aw EM x an_| ww we | wow @ © seateg Sees aw we BM EN Ww ww] ww | ow zx | ew | ww ows x0 900 | (@ Cana os») (0N #88) | 09 208) ose xn aw aN x a ay | aN woiw | ow TaN a) 0x 200) 08h wy aw aN Ww a ww | ow wie | ow aN aw. aN aN aw aw x we | ow we fw |e we wyusrom sr | Cs (enon ‘Seog Hom pie sannor |e (I SONT@TINN HINGES oH @ @ WH ‘a a a w @ O_o @ w. (1 a0y 208) (ea0y zm | saasis ekg pee wry pn weg sot | se women seoquds | umphit | sae ey | eg aueeary squomy | "pex | ewoa | mariea | wer | or doaedao09 | oN sonenesm 30264 Supnegsosdén | 1s HL esse 4 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY2 OF fet) Oo Coo Oooo Uo a wae 2 L aoe ] vo 0001 A (rte pre | (earn 206) | (6 a0n 20) (rao, 201) Gra0y 0) thpsore zZ aw} staoxen |" oooot con oot x z x x aw a ojul ay eon 0. e TE sON Fy ; Ky 200 05 oe 8 jovani: 2150 ft 20 8 n:zatgns 22.000 fom Gay 25) (mone) | eamnog foo'tea 5 00 2 os) (000s) | am005 0 emo) emo) Apooor é os cooot__| “srceaor x x x wa | ow a ala oa ed 8 or FP 2 (9 a0N 201) (9 a0 25) asa 095 3 (ost) (0008) (baton 205) Smpasoxa z Osh 2 00 we aN x a a_| aw wij ul a | swe a | § a} z Sao LON ie aN son) | poor 00 002 x x a x aw aital nmopenoay | TERT 10199 Serpeons Toa seq a4 Ww _| datas) | oooot cop ost aw. x x x w Xa ty | meray | & Cros BRUTE sp 2.20) upeoxs 00 x __| tors | cons coo se aN x y wi | w Mf uf a | marca | waRgUT OSE taovee | (paoyezen Ssapeoox9 00 06 con se aw 1 aw u ww | a | ay |shoge peru st oD (eT 1 ey ©. r wrt sdung pons od serra poe ‘anarnye rupcerpa weeny | “mre (1910N 39) ronan | ampaondt | cenoqeone | “sass smsedsex | pomaues | Connie | ami cy be rinaeat, | mass | ano” | aapetung | wmv pm |-snaoet | wont oH | sy Mea | “mgdaee | MR, «| Bemams | sonmoa | jomnig | ass | sea | soemy ev | ama aig | Lemmon | anmuony | wes | apuony | SRE | een serra | au | “ane ra muy feuedmg | oye LL sipedsy aitng Siding 19044 soneeasu 30 a, supmagyoaies | ig (pamamoa) — 1 >4q@4, 42a iB camino 2 reqs anna aon oo” | w wot ew | ow [Ew | | « (te ) SONU TNORALIISNE ~ RST aesn0 won) oe wx_|enemnsen | CUBS? | omos | we | ow (ORL | | | | |e | eee tyoen9 soo me 006, AN 000 St. IN XN, a x BN, a aN Uw a aaoge pew arse | Cz vemos ait (ost) (000) (ai0yy 298) ‘sKasoys at01l 10 Pw | RL we Pw we we |e |e fw || ersten et = wastdenn | a (1 10N 975) (@) SONIA TING TYNOLLVONGS Perey ae aT one | woe | u |» | wv |u| wife [ul x | sacar « oe igen ness oonest 4 a | “Reeauet i a s an sdung pu g putoone E vain 3 seer re 3M {1 s10Ny 209) E Tent | pda | eevee | “sami | : wodty | Bakes | Og Hy : Smee | race | ume w2sig 7 g ee | anaes eee srry | mean | 029 x om | oes | Seed iprerey { pert Hl aune Leen alee 2 fowio, |-ox | & ‘tins hens sonny smmansi |) & & th 2 2 & 8 &.9. 2.2.9 ) SB.- Tae tt eel ced teed et WRN 285) 2 ‘os oaenoe sos & 06 Ww aw we 2 iw | ow woof we} | ocmnsone 3 GaN TT 2 (osr) ( 30N 298) os aN MN. IN a x IN, IN. aN a a 4 wl 3 ‘ i : : z ww | crane | oor | onone a |i a a | ow a ‘ial y o| § WERUATU IE z ; supe oes & aN forzen2re) | ooo 0 ooo 0st a u x x WN a alow sxogepuearss | ce} 000 T z wen down | (exme2er reidiea ge aN | Gramwa | onoot 200001 a w a x aN x x] ou | wusromeet | ag wa 'staoe (2290 Sow omt wx | Greene | over 000 st x x x aN Ww x ali snd panos (ap Tara (92120) G2exs0 : ‘om sts (ose) (0005) (BON 298) ayo 30 OAT aw 00 01 Ww x x x Ww x ww ula ssid panos (i Tae erate (0005) (ymoN eas) farms ano sod m0 aw wy y a | ow | ow x | x | prada @ Cy te oo Te w iA ) Oo} ©) w w_| OT stung pongnt saopruls pie | werpAH put 1 anarre sonecy | amin cay 4 josmeay | (aunsony | “au | sorted | ameam | “SON sinemaa | sun stens | auotty | “pomnung, | Cae | ames oe Sanmams | “wo, | amgsteins | ximvpm | smote | aay eon | 2 amt "| Beycorms | wsmna | pomecg: | ompmy | amine | step By | lene sus wetsemn | amumny | mene | aoraomy | “pa | one | satpro | BN | ra ee aypadoy dueg | arldag nea opens yo 6 sorpmase sis | oh @omuw09) — L480, z EERE TE AN ER PN TED SPSS eR es seen nner eeeFTA HEAT mae We |e RE ¥ ¥ ¥ z wT z we oa Sieg oF 95 ‘Supooro 100 ax | cara | ooooe vo coe x x x x aw x xj a | matscaay | Baye Aupenne 1s | Got soniaes cop ost x x x x aw. 2 xia © (raex207 | (ames) ' (or en 92) cov oot x x u ay_| aw xe | | memory | ramnon) seosd Ww. a aw x x Ww x we | a | a | common @ (axon) sus Ww aw aN x aw x wool | x gormin TRE + mor mnsser | (1 Gaara stuwmeoa |e (Gt 30x #8) (@) SONIETHNE ATENESSY ~ RERTAT OE Suspoons 200 1N4 an | craewe | conor oxo 0 x x x x aw x ujix w we | trmeoe0) moos x x x a aN x |ula & RUT ART ST (ramon) Supozoze young 0 001 x x x x aN xe | x | sowpmraror |e i) on © @ w 3 ow @ w seiana sons rd seals por ame pm, fray ses) eek amy pet weorig soem ono jus | ymupdiy | 009 og apruomy | woop | srwwory | pmax | twoa | some | va | ons fouedong | ow soe Joa, sepea spats | ts (panus0D) — LWP, Corel ek mel ne ee eee om & PART 4 PURE AND LIFE SAFETY 2.8 S898 @ ORCEP ee ee ee a Z — 5 Zz $ (920K 39) (pay 229 3 os) ‘oon (voor) 8 sr aN 00 an xn ay x an | aw wi iw] x . Zz a) 3 —! capura) @| B @sonamncrminvown |Z 4 wer — & aw | cz | ooooe 00 092 x x x x aw wa ital a srocsony |_| 2 TT uw og oda an __| crams | ooooe | 000 ost x x a x aw uofaljs a wv__| (orron2) | oot 000.008 x x ui a ax a if[ula « TaN Ay BaiON aT «ose (ooo) Goro) osr | wraen oy | cons 009 06 x x q 3X] aff e |) mantgrawey |g away WsON aT (oss) ‘ooo9) ‘ a2) eq ose aw 00 oF aN a x x aw x av} wy | a | auger | G @ somertag ssantsne a i om @ w a T9 wee w w sung pngnd i sop poe min pia souny | omnia 20. 308) vanor | sop Grande | (ear aai | sual | ssnoadeg | pomquay’ | “wae | may ang Pe | so | sampateing | unery pe | suas | umsis sou | soem ay | Saas | tomcec, to | smnauds | wee | ze409 by | Bun sown [omedenun | onsucey | Atowre | stony | "oa" | ‘Sweat | aontron | fey | eee ‘ony ouwdw29 | on | Aydd03 359634 7 srmensiser jo adc supueaie mica | 1S (wamnmog) — 4 anqeg, 46a7 (wae sei) (ern) aN ovo ac aN ww a x aN x wieofial a aon 75) GaN aN ‘000 aw Ww. ww ¥ aN XN weoo| aw] a @ (et N29" (9) SONTOTINE TWRELSAGNT an | rane) | 000 07 cooast x x x x aN a ule @ - : r waa ae OF Supoeo%e 8 W | Grsens | one coo 002 x x a x aN x we] a | mauyeasoay | ce Fl aa a He (ot sen 229) com x ej. x aw x a] x & aN we Ww x aw. x wi oll» T cwanong205) aN aw x x aw x x | w_| ime purai (9 w GO wy w D wo w > | 5 | 4 & | ‘sonra, | ‘ova tear £ samadioy ware ea 3 x0 cunry oor oH | suse 3 tpt ena melee oa or | g i soon | ponosd-npun | anmamny enod | perme | aera] an 3 any sousiorg | oy | Aiddag a9y0 9 Ht Auprmesoodcy | is |S F ' a i i oP 8 ®@[UN | terse | ooo ‘000 ost x x aw (er a0x 2) | oop ot 009 oot x us 006 WN 000 06 wt x x 206 aN, 00 02 ww. Ww x oy a. coo 01 Ww Ww x Ww. (9 90x 294) (aon 238) uN Graveze) | cans 000 se x ¥ (9 0y 220) (9205 225) os) ‘ocos) wom) ose 02 aN @ w eA ia) Y ot @ @ assiouey, we wi 56 yoasnssoig vung woh se ‘| sour, Joomemg | @ungau) | emo, (can 288) re aiuas | asodsoy waieds sir ones 2210) vue pe mskg punoetsspun, | soe, ons spreads soy dung | soma auewony sneuoiny Tara emmy (__fedieg drag aiddng sy suogereseay 30 281, NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016“aT ose} toraenae) | anor nose x x x x aK x av |iw | sudpmog (9 0 os | Greene) | ooo ooo x a a a aN x a] a | xoummp ¢ Bee empasiren ataaca pun suis nope |e sosz meg Spe pansoo pari 006 aN ooo se aw aN Ww a aw aN wou] ow wursinore | Ct (0c 20 2) 0 SONTAG BOVBOIS ax__| crane | conoe 00 0st x x x x aw x alia W | (rane | conoe 00 cor x x a x aw a aja zw} raw) | coor 0005 x a a ww aw x aio 1 } 006 w_ | ose Ww x x 4 aw aN Wop es 006 aN voor Ww Ww an] ow aw aw. woj wos I a © wr wr T w c o oI ae a amp | seo) pea | awog | sma foordaaig | ow sae 088 Supmoayootiy, | 1s (pamuuog) — 1, HaNy, 9 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY8100 Speeoz9 ueuDseq Jo eam 1 UBF U pal & "TY pu t-¥ sevonedeaco Joy pontaued 2g on 100 a Fa TC ako z 2 a Sto sone oko > yons Buta oj ear tp wr paras svsncy Is eas waoaip tong oH fund 9 potato) panabs yu st waste 5 sor oma Joanna Sunde fon}-paa Up tGge Ue 8 ‘upped 2 w paprotd aq ont RUS amo, “onege put W Ye wi ys 25a tay souedaazo 9-¥ pu gy 20j ama RIN anaes C4 eBupLIng fe Soy 8 Talsopan (2) poe Toa ran) A sspoanan 2i y tapes sooen ogee pas awl ey sp tee ate 8 salon g asmnbow sont ~ aN g panbay = g go. wer 2 qpexoKe 3 ou mg § ‘tuppeq 009 E 06 | caz2en ee) | ocnos x uf x u a | x | sou sony oo z Suu ax | zene | aw a x a x XW x a | ow | semis ating Bia L sumsroda |G (or en 28) (D SoNteTHnG saOcaVZVE WO TRRT 006 | Caraenee | ono ar cooost aw a x x Ww x Bia | mOperomn| te ayy a0 sid panos x x a x aw. ¥ af x ep rpg io ol a w o oe wt ou dung Jo.95 104 sapqaudg pre ipa para aos worms | com Joemssayg senor | op ede | (ear0n 208) : ‘urns swroadsey | ponquioy | ums. | amy ang “| eg sero | amy a8uoig | umy pus | omomer | washs sso | cogs un os | wo asco, vwesp6ey | eno piv | Buta SPL gL pwortsmn | opmony | Armee | oortony | "awa | tnor | semgioy | oie | 2 fomednoa9 | oy Aydin soreay __topeesuy yo tk upon goats | 1g (pamueg) — g a1qny, 8 SHERRIE ee EEE ERE Tra enter eneaR ae RP A 5 Fy ATEN a TeV 0 suoprppe Suppaosd fq un 29 wes anaofgo uy ‘edad yo 18 jstorrepe Jo suoroxd ot saNOWEY EZ “rape asep i yooney ae 0 sweat OOF Y>¥9 30} pape aq eduind yo RE SHO Ze : ‘aging 2 so gar paranoo ayy uo pareq2q pags Asedeo dun TZ ‘howed3e (aD) upped 289 onoy-ajn soy ponnused 29 YOu (EHS WBIAY CH M Gp Onoge SBuIpTNg “anemMOH! ttoundasoe ¢ Eno4D pe fy JnexD 295 pang oq O14 Bley UF UE sy onogeE SBapHINE OZ ‘opotednaoe ¢-5 295 paused sq 91 08 now w ST en0ge STUNPLM 6T ‘atoubdn990 2-9 ue 1-5 0} pane oq 6100 Nog UW gy ange uIP BE “sonar 2a joo] a7 sim woneysuea uF Ost DUR pIEDUES ‘apa auerate 30 sg xp 80 120 paqtom 2q oF anny 8 stuScIagNoE aM SenSNpLE Jao a9 ‘uN snp sles qeuN oy a pH RMEDPA D 80020 30} qe sup et won swoutenOoy AID LE soouednaoo x dsp pu q dnosp ‘3 éno4p “g Usoup 26; paused 290s 2OUwyBIng UU OF AOGE SENN OE ‘Kors suo wei aso gy sBuIpTIN4 30} popIond 39 0 pathy SL Cec pH zz SION OH ‘uy ver) aruyony ogt Koodea yo ded apooye oxo pew eye zg 1 Aacede> go (Ka pues) due ese auo pue aunsyo suo Jo Baustsuo9 Yoea sad Jo sas Jo soRUN pasta! 3PTAOIS HY wourBusure uaqarnbe 2an0 Auw 19 edutnd annie fausnbaiy sen 1 (23002 4J0 1 auo Joy povinbor se AxoRdeD que stem sip BuRQnOD pa Kaede aeTES 2p fo dumnd os darnd (909 12 dunnd 240 ey axe fo 359 UT 88 on Jo enn spi parsocuoazxe aq || amssord Buoear) sdeind yino-rynus “ee-nmss9prstos o1 popdmNoees 2 “xojastp pu anes! yf souatode AoA ame AGB WN anoge 20 ug SAmping ast WBN Ut A NOT CF “ex pme ee smn on 228) (21 Shy 298) enyeng ogy Arsodeo go dain aso oms pus uTEan Qs z AxsedaD 30 (kq pene) dau [asp 240 pas oundoqa baa Jo BuxrsuDD gore sds Jo sts o sagan parton aptacia ZT (ez pe zz 0x OF {23aip au pu ourao(2 on Jo Sunstsao> yoeesdamd jo oe Jo aqua pasa 3PI02G TT (€x poe 27 2100 ony 204) (11 31g 408) emtyong ost fupuia Jo dud aimoap2auo ue unujonry age z Atoedeo 30 (Kq puss) dain (aseqp 240 pun asmo[9 an0 Jo SupsttUED yABD sdumd Jo s38 Jo zeqEINE panos MPIC OF opm aoe poe ue esos rem omes puno-Trepun oq wy IAEA PY 24 ENS SHAPES 6 ‘=noge DUE Ht anoqe 4BI2y Lab SBuIpINg 205 peptAard ago Panay g {eu + punoup) sfaros ant eae 01 9g 0 paso 2 00g Spesoxs ware ywourovea 3 Pepe 2g tes sHsoNNTaN wt HEA anqBATEUOMDPY 9 225) (Zi Fig 228) urujony opt f1gede9 yo dune aso on pum UREA ORE Z ADedeD 30 (Ka pees (papmjqueg) — 1 198L DOSS COCoOSEGC ASSES fae pre iia di OOOO PART 4 FIRE AND LIVE SARETY| Ipenrarnerterevm Guidelines for selection of various types of fire detectors for different occupancies and their installation and maintenance shall be ia accordance with good practice [4(16)] and the Part 12 ‘Asset and Facility Management’ of the Code. 1b) Inbuildings where automatic fire alam system, is provided, the following shall be monitored from fire alarm panel: 1) Water level in all tanks, 2) Hydrant and sprinkler pressures of respective zones as provided. 3) Pump ‘ON/OFF status. 4) All isolation valves, wherever provided with supervisory switch (non-padiock valves). 5) Other requirements to meet clectro- ‘mechanical services interface. 4.10 Five Officer 4.10.1 A qualified Fire Officer with experience of not Jess than 3 years shall be appointed who will be available on the premises, for large educational complexes, business buildings with height 30 m and above, residential building with height 60 mand above, institutional buildings of 15 mand above, starred hotels and D-6 occupancy. 4.202 The Fite Officer shall, 1) maintain the firefighting equipment in good working condition at all times. ») prepare fire orders and fire operational plans and get them promulgated. ©) impart regular training to the eccupants of the buildings in the use of firefighting equipment provided on the premises and keep them informed about the fire emergency evacuation plan. 4) keep proper liaison with the city fire brigade. €) ensure that all fire precautionary measures are observed at the times. NOTE — Conipetent authority haviog jristiction may insist on compliarce of the above rules in ease of buildings having very large areas even ifthe height is fess than 30m, 4.41 Fire Drills and Fire Orders Fire notices/orders shall be prepared to fulfil the requirements of firefighting and evacuation from the buildings in the event of fire and other emergency, The ‘eccupants shall be made thoroughly conversant with their action in the event of emergency, by displaying fire notices at vantage points and also through regilar training, Such aotices should be displayed prominently in bold lettering 32 For guidelines for fire drills and evacuation procedures for high rise buildings, see Annex D. 5 FIRE PROTECTION 5.1 Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Firefighting Installations 5.1.1 All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and height shal be protected by fire extinguishers, hose reels, wet riser, down-comer, yard hydrants, automatic sprinkler installation, deluge system, bigh/mediumn velocity water spray, foam, water mist systems, gaseous or dey powder system, manual/automatic fire alarm system, ete, in accordance with the provisions of various clauses given below, as applicable: 4) These fire extinguishing equipment and their installation shall be in accordance with accepted standards [4(17)]. The extinguishers shall be mounted at a convenient height to enable its quick access and efficient use by all in the event of a fire incidence. The requirements of fire extinguishers/yard hydrant systems/wet riser/down-comer installation and capacity of water storage tanks and fire pumps, etc, shall bé as specified in ‘Table 7. The requirements regarding size of rmains/risets shall be as given in Table 8. The typical arrangements of down-comer and wet riser installations are shown in Fig. 13. The wet riser shall be designed for zonal distribution ensuring that unduly high pressures are not developed in risers and hose pipes. b) First-aid firefighting appliances-shall be provided and installed in accordance with good practice [4(18)]. The firefighting equipment and accessories to be installed in buildings for use in firefighting shall also be in accordance with the accepted standard [4(17)] and shall be maintained periodically 80 as to ensure their perfect serviceability at all times. ©} Valves in fixed firefighting installations shall have supervisory switch with its signalling to fire alarm panel or to have chain(s), pad lock(s), label and tamper-proof security tag(s) with serial number to. prevent tampering/unauthorized operation. These valves shall be kept in their intended ‘open’ position, 4) In addition to wet riser or down-comer, first- aid hose reels shall be installed in buildings (here required under Table 7) on all the floors, in accordancé with accepted standard [4(19)], The first-aid hose reel shall be NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016seta a Se »SSCSFSORRDWGS OOS ~, yaa, HH Ooo &©9e8@¢o060 connected directly to the riser/down-comer tain and diameter of the hose ree! shall ot be less than 19 mm, Wet risers shall be interconnected at terrace level to form a ring and cut-olf shall be provided for each connection to enable repair/ maintenance without affecting rest of the system, 1) Pressure at the hydraulically remote hydrant and at the highest hydrant shall not be less than 3.5 bar. The pressure atthe hydrants shall however not exceed 7.0 bar, considering the safety of operators. It may be planned to provide orifice plates'for landing valves to control pressure to desired limit especially at lower levels; this could also be achioved through other suitable means of pressure reducing devices such as pressure controlled hydrant valves. Hydrants for firefighting and hose reels shall be located in the lobby in firefighting shat ‘Those hydrants planned to be provided near fire exit staircase on the floor shall be within 5 m from exit door in exit access. Such hydrant cabinet may finish with doors to meet interior finishes with requirement of glass panel to provide visibility to the installations inside and inscribed with the word: FIRE HOSE CABINET’ offetter size 75 mm in height and 12 mm in width. Such door of the fire hose cabinet ned not be fire resistant rated. The location of such cabinets shall be shown on floor plan and duly displayed in the landing of the respective fire exit staircase e) 8) S.1.2 Static Water Storage Tanks and Pump House 5.1.2.4 Static water storage tanks A satisfactory supply of water for the purpose of firefighting shall always be available in the form of underground/terrace level static storage tank with capacity specified for each building with arrangements or replenishment. Water for the hydrant services shall be stored in an easily accessible surface/underground lined reservoir or above ground tanks of steel, concrete or masonry. ‘The effective capacity of the reservoir above the top of, the pump casing (flooded suction) for various types of ‘occupancies shall be as indicated in Table 7. Water for firefighting shall be'stored in two or more interconnected compartments of equal size o facilitate cleaning atid maintenance of the tanks without interrupting the water availability for firefighting. ‘To prevent stagnation of water in the static water storage tank, the suction tank of the domestic water supply shall PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY be fed only through an overflow arrangement from the fire water storage tanks to maintain the level therein at ‘the minitnum specified capacity. Alternatively, domestic and fire water can be stored in toro interconnected compartments as mentioned above. ‘The suction inlet(s) for the domestic water pumps shall be so located at an elevation thet minimum water requirements for firefighting as stated in Table 7 will be always available for Bre pumps. The static storage water supply required for the above ‘mentioned purpose shail entirely be accessible to the fire engines of the local fire service. Suitable number of manholes shall be provided for inspection, repairs, insertion of suction hose, etc. As an alternative to the axrangement of manholes to allow access from the top, suitable arrangement to enable efficient access to the tank by the firemen from the adjoining fire pump room having direct access from the ground level, shall be made, The underground fire water storage tank(s) shall not be more than 7 m in depth from the level having fire brigade draw-out connection, while the draw-out ‘connection shall not be more than 5 m away from the tank wall ‘The covering Slab shall be able to withstand.a total vebicular load of 45 t (oras applicable) equally divided as a four-point load when the slab forms a part of pathway/driveway. ‘The static water storage tank shall be provided with a fire brigade collecting head with 4 number 63 mm diameter (2 number 63 mm diameter for pump with capacity | 400 litre/min) instantaneoug male iniets arranged in a valve box at suitable point at street level. ‘The same shall be connected to the static tank by & suitable fixed galvanized iron pipe not less than 150 mm jn diameter to discharge water into the tank when required at the rate of 2 250 litre/min, if tank is in the basement or not approachable for the fire engines, Each of the static water storage tanks shall also be provided with a fire brigade draw out collecting head with 63 mm diameter instantaneous male draw out anranged ina valve box at a suitable point at street level, ‘This draw out shall be connected to galvanized iron pipe of 100 mm diameter with foot valve arrangement jn the tank, 5.1.2.2 Firefighting pump house ‘The requirements shall be as given below: 8) Itis preferable to install the pump housé at ground level. Pump house shall be situated so as to be directly accessible from the surrounding ground level Pump house shall be installed not lower than the second basement. When installed in the b) 5310. Rooks scene: x Fl ELECTRICALERE Sune £2 BESELORVENFREPLNE 53 Soceey rune. bv Rescue vessel THR FLOOR SS Fexme comecnon NOK AETRN VALVE B oo pe 5 Bi Stewnn A Bf Tat FLANGE JOINT , aa RowowTes osm VES Test valve osm oe i FIRST fLooR. pela Z q Fae 4 sprmacee, Fo rine BU toon SPRINKLER DRAIN PE FOFInE tanie ELEVATIONAL VIEW 7 rors Sranasr system ——| arenas Pte] rire wareR TaN? TO SKTERNAL FRc trons sd fextennany Fm waren TANK FIRE PUMP ROOM c PLAN ¢ Fra, 11 Tyeicat Syste or Puncrine vita Owe Biecrric, One Dieset Fiat Pump c c c 54 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 cABOVE FLooRs yo sy Leceno. TS SIG SIN WANE sy ‘SEE DETAIL-A 390m SECOND FLOGR & Fa Fa we DIESEL ORIVEN ARE Pua FL HYDRANT FRE Pune Jockey Pup EL spRwKteR eur PRESSURE VESSEL. FL BRERVORAWT FAP FIRE ALARMPANEL, SP spruucien Valve —S rlexee connecnoy Re Non return valve. RING TO FAP ‘CONTROL VALVE FLANGE ONT FLow swt TO Stanwers Syste ‘RAN VALVE 290m iRsr FLOOR & ae hii GROUND FLOGR [NAG RISER FROM FRE PLANT ROW [SPRINKLER RISER FROM FIRE PLANT ROO 7 SPRINKLER DRAIN PIPE TO FIRE TANK ELEVATIONAL VIEW Test vauye IaH GLASS ‘UNION yore system «Loe (TERNAL) TORKTERIAL AIRE HYDRANT (EXTERNAL "> re To SPRINKLER svsrew = FIRE WATER TANK FIRE WATER TANK? FIRE PUMP ROOK PLAN Fic. 12 Tye1cat System or Pumps wire Two Euecreic, One Diese Fine Pus FART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 35OH. TANK Hf Hose REEL ot SINGLE HEAD LANDING VALVE AIR RELEASE VALVE see [epee e eet HP ~ HYORANT PUMPIMAIN ELECTRIC PUMP ale custiion rani JP. - JOCKEY PUMP If DP - DIESEL Pune Secure a eee RP ye SLUICE VALVE SP - SPRINKLER PUMP a SH = SUCTION HEADER SPRINKLER LINE TEST ORAW | WET RISER > NON- RETURN VALVE DM ~ DELIVERY HEADER 2 FLOW SWITCH VDE Tosa "SPRINKLER HEAD HYDRANT —> CABLE TO Eee Toor ANNUNCIATION PANEL. SYSTEM BLE CONDUIT FOR AV. AIR VESSEL ooTER 1OV- INSTALLATION — CABLE ConouMr FoR CONTROL VALVE MANUAL CALL BOX 4 HOOTER “C1 MANUAL CALL BOx [-f FIRE BRIGADE INLET TANK FILLING [~ FIRE BRIGADE DRAW FROM TANK YARD FIRE ALARM PANEL WITH = voRANT BATTERY BACK-UP AND ; PA. SYSTEM | 4 = L— ZONAL SPRINKLER Safe ANNUNCIATION PANEL beg vo t [UG FIRE TANK Fe, 13 Tyeicat, Arkanoeenr or Wet Riser anb TorAL SPRINKLER System of BuILomG NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016‘Table 8 Size of Mains {Clause 5.1.1(2)] si Size of he Mains “Type of Building Remarks Ne net o 2) & @ 100 im with Single oir 3) Residential bailing (Ay lending valves 1) Doxmitores 7 2) sparmenss 7 3) Hotels Up 1045 might ¥) Bdscatonal buildings) = 6) Tastntionat buildings (C) Up 1020 mbeight 4) 1 Assembly building D) ~ ) Business buildings (E) Up 045 mheight 1) Mercantile auilings ~ 2) Indust buidings (6) Up 1015 eabsight 13) 130 om with singe outot 2) Hotes ‘Spove 45 might landing valves ») Sueanetts — ©), lantituonal builings (C) ‘Above 30 might ©) Business buildings 8) ‘Above 45 m eight ©) Inusuial buildings () Above 15 mbeight ) Storage buildings (8) Up 0 15 might £)__ Hazardous buildings (D) Upto 15 mbzigh Eee oe ®@o Oe ©6 66 SECES ad e) 8) ») dD 9 mm) basement, staircase with direct accessibility (or through enclosed passageway with 120 min fire rating) from the pround, shall be provided. Access to the pump coom shall not require to negotiate through other occupancies within the basement. Pump house shall be separated by fire walls all around and doors shall be protected by fire doors (120 min rating) Pump house shall be well ventilated and due ‘care shall be taken to avoid water stagnation. No other titity equipment shall be installed inside fire pump room. Insertions like flexible couplings, bellows, etc, in the suction and delivery piping shall be suitably planned and installed. Installation of negative suction arrangement and submersible pumps shall not be allowed Pump house shall be sufficiently large, to accommodate all pumps, and their accessories like PRVs, installation contro! valve, valves, diesel tank and electrical panel. Battery of diesel engine operated fire pump shall have separate charger from emergency power supply cirenit. Exhaust pipe of diesel engine shall be insulated as per best engineering practice and taken to a safe location at ground level, considering the back pressure, Fire pumps shall be provided with soft starter or variable frequency drive starter PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY 5.1.3 Automatic Sprinkler Installation ‘The requirements shall be as given below: a) ») 8) Automatic sprinklers shall be installed wherever required in terms of Table 7 throughout the building in accordance with ‘200d practice [4(20)] I selective sprinkleting is adopted, there is a real danger of a fire starting in one of the unsprinklered area gathering momentum spreading’ to other areas and reaching the sprinklered areas as a fully developed fire, In such an event, the sprinklers can be rendered useless or ineffective. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in false ceiling voids exceeding 800 mm in height. Installation of sprinklers may be excluded in any area to be used for substation and DG set. In areas having height 17 m or above such as inairia, sprinkler installations may be rendered ineffective and hence may be avoided, Pressure in sprinkler system shall not exceed 12 bar or else high pressure sprinkler to be installed for above 12 bar operations. ‘The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected by sprinklers supplied by any one sprinkler system riser from an installation control valve shall, be based on system protection area limitations considering maximum floor area oryany one floor to be 4 500 m? forall occupancies except industrial and hazardous occupancies, where Authorities 37shall be consulted for advice based on type and natute of risk 1) Sprinkler installation control valves, shall be installed inside the fire pump room, 3) Forindustial buildings, such installation control valves may be installed outside the building and Authorities shallbe consulted in simations where it is not possible to locate them inside the buildings. Icis advisable to provide electrically operated siren for each valve outside the buildings in addition to water gongs in such case. k) The sprinkler flow switches provided shall be monitored by fire alarm panel 2) Tris essential to make provisions for avoiding water from sprinkler/bydrant operation entering lifts and electrical rooms. n) Ramps at all levels shall be protected with sprinklers 8.1.4 Automatic High Velocity and Medium Velocity Water Spray Systems Automatic high velocity water spray or emulsifying system shall be provided for protection of outdoor andi or indoor oil-eooled transformers as applicable in accordance with good practice [4(21)} where applicable (see Annex E). Also, medium velocity water spray system shall be provided for tankage (where applicable), conveyors, cable galleries and other ‘occupancies listed in good practice (4(21)]. 8.4.5 Fixed Foam Installation Fixed foam generating syster® shall be provided for protection of oil storage area for boilers with its ancillary storage of furnace oils in basement: Fixed foam installations can be low, medium or high expansion types, which can be provided based on the type of fire hazards identified in the facility. High expansion foams are used for cable tunnels and other confined aress. Design and installation of foam systems shall be governed by good practice [4(22)}. 5.1.6 Gas Based Suppression System Gas based fire extinguishing installation shall be provided in accordance with good practice on premises where water or foam cannot be used for fire extinguishing because of the special nature of the contents of the buildings/areas to be protected where either the building(s) have very limited manpower or unmanned, The protection design for fixed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system shall conform to good. practice [4(23)] in all respects. For some special fire tisl/essential applications, carbon dioxide may not be suitable and alternate provisions shall be made as per relevant standatds (see $.1.9). 5.4.7 Firefighting equipment shall be suitably located and clearly marked by luminous signs. 38 5:18 Automatic Water Mist Systems These systems involve the use of fine water sprays for the efficient extinguishment of fires. These systems may be provided to protect areas in buildings for the nses as specitied in good practice [4(24)] 9 Extinguishing Systems with Clean Agents Allemative systems for halon gas protection systems shall be provided where necessary as preseribed inthis Part, These shall be in accordance with the accepted standards (4(25)} 5.2 Fire Detection and Alarm System See 409. 5.3 The fixed firefighting installations and systems shall bemaintained in accordance with good practice [4(26)] and the Part 12 ‘Asset and Facility Management’ of the Code, 6 ADDITIONAL OCCUPANCY WISE REQUIREMENTS In addition to the general requirements on fire prevention given in 3, the life safety requirements given in 4, and the fire protection requirements given in 5, the following additional requirements shall also be complied with for each type of occupancy. For additional requirements for high zise buildings, the provisions as given in Annex E shall apply. Atrium in building occupancies shall comply with the provisions as given in Annex F. For fire protection requirements of commercial kitchen, cooking facitities with or without restaurants, the provisions of Annex G shall be referred. 6.1 Residential Bui 6.1.1 Life Safety 6.LLA Subdivision A~i a) All locking devices, which would impede or prohibit exit, such a3 chain type bolis, limited opening sliding type locks and burglar locks, + which are not disengaged easily by quick= releasing catches, shall be prohibited, b) All bathroom door locks or fasteners shall be designed to permit the opening of the locked or closed door from the outside in an emergency without the use of a special key. ©) No lodging or roomitig house shall have its sole means of egress pass through any non- residential occupancy in the same building. 4) Rooming and lodging houseshaving oor area ‘0f 500m? on any one or morefloors shall have, access to minimum two separate means of exits, at leastone of which shall be so arranged as to have direct exit discharge. lings (Group A) NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 20166.4.2 Subdivision 4-3 8) Requirements of 6.1.4.1°shall be applicable. b) All sleeping rooms having occupancy of more than 10 persons shall have two separate and distinct exit access in different directions, 6.1.4.3 Subdivision A-4 In case of high rise apartments, of the minimum exits as specified in 44.2.4.3.1, the naturally ventilated exit staircases may not require the provision of fire door, However, fire door shall be provided for all other staircases and pressurized staircases. A Subitivision A-5 1a) Panic bars shall be provided in the fire exits. Panic bars shall be located at a height between 865 mm and 1 220 min from the floor level. 'b) All guest rooms and suites shall be protected by extended throw, quick response type sprinklers only. Also these areas shell be provided with audio-based detectors, having 2 sound level of at least 75 dB. ©) Hoyizontal-stiding doors shall not be used for door openings across corridors. 6.1.2 Additional Precautions a) Flammable liquids for household purposes shall be kept in tightly stoppered or sealed containers. For the limits of quantities of flammable liquids to be ailowed in various occupancies, reference may be made to appropriate regulations, b) No stove or combustion heater shall be located directly under or immediately at the foot of stairs or otherwise so located as to block escape in case of malfunctioning of the stove or heater ©) Allkitchen exhaust fans, where provided, shall be fixed to an outside wall orto a duct of non- combustible material, which leads directly to the‘outside. The ducts shall not pass through arcas having combustible materials. However, in case of centralized ducting, the duct shall be provided with adequate protection to limit the spread of fire. 4) Stores, engineering workshops, areas of high hazard, ete used for storage of substantial amount of flammable liquids shall be of 120 min fre resistance rating wall. Such areas shall be provided with fire doors, to be kept closed and shall be posted with a sign on each PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY side of the door in 25 mm high block letters stating — ‘FIREDOOR — KEEP CLOSED" 6.2 Edueational Buildings (Group B) 6.21 Fire Prevention a) Buildings intended for educational occupancy shall not be used for storage of any hazardous material. b) Gymnasiums, indoor stadiums and similar occupancies are permitted to have floors/ running tracks of wood, cinder, synthetic or the like. 6.2.2 Life Safety a) Every room with a capacity of over 45 persons in area shail have at least two doorways. Exit doors shall be operated by panic bars except that doors leading from classrooms directly to the outside may be equipped with the same type of lock as is used on classroom doors leading to corridor, ‘with no provision whatsoever for locking against egress from the classroom, b) A building, which will have only the first floor and is accessible to not more than 20 pupils ai any time, may be used for school purposes ‘with the following exceptions: 1) Exterior walls or parts of walls which are Jess than 900 mm from adjacent property lives shall have no openings therein. 2) Classrooms may have only one exit riot tess than 900 mm wide. ©) Rooms or areas for use by the preschool, Kindergarten, Class/Grade-1 students shall be focated on ground floor/level of exit discharge, Rooms or areas occupied by Class/Grade II students shall be located'not above one floor higher than ground floor/level of exit discharge. 4) Of the minimum exits as specified in 4.4.2.4:3:1, the naturally ventilated exit staircases, may not require provision of fire door. However, fire door shall be provided for all other staircases and pressurized staircases. 6.2.3 Additional Precautions a) Storage of volatile flammable liquids shall be prohibited and the handling of such liquids shall be’ restricted to science laboratories only. b) All exterior openings in a boiler room or rooms containing central heating equipment, 39aaa Sanne MRR i et a Rt RE iflocated below an opening in another storey or fess than 3 m from other doors or windows of the same building, shall be protected by a fire assembly as in3.4.5, Such assemblies shall be of fixed, automatic or self-closing type. 6.3 Institutional Bi tings (Group C) 6.3. Fire Preveniion ‘No combustibfe material of any kind shall be stored or used in any building or section thereof used for institutional occupancy, except as necessary to normal occupancy and use of the building, 6.3.2 Life Safety a) The common path of travel shall be 30m, The snaximum dead end of corridor distance shall not exceed 6 m, b) Principle of progressive horizontal evacuation is of paramount consideration for hospital patients particularly those lacking self- reservation. This calls for moving occupants from a fire affected area to an adjoining area atthe same level through fire resistant wall, to protect them from the-immediate dangers Of fire and smoke (see Fig. 14) ©) Progressive horizontal evacuation operates on the basis of evacuation from compartment to wodh pave.s Reaure> I.5008S, CENTRE HULLIONS PROBED. compartment and on use of adjacent ‘compartments as temporary means of refuge, All compartments shall be divided with seit closing (door closers) fire doors with electromagnetic hold open. A coordinator shall be provided to sequence the closing of double leaf in case of emergency. 4) Doors in fire resistant wails shall be so installed that these may normally be kept in ‘open position, but will close automatically Corridor door openings shall be not less than. 2.0 ma in width of double swing double leaf type door. A éBordinator shall be provided as above, for closing of double leaf in case of emergency. ©) Exits and other features for penal and mental institutions, and custodial institutions shall be the same as specified for hospitals [see 63.2 (g)], in so far as applicable. Reliable ‘means shall be provided to permit the prompt release of inmates from any locked section in case of fire or other emergency. 1) All buildings or sections of buildings in penal and mental institution used for manufacturing, storage or office purposcs shall have exits in accordance with the provisions of the Cod for those occupancies, FIRE COMPARTENT 120 min FRE RESISTANT WALL USED AS COMPARTMENT AND ‘ALSO FORTORZONIAL EXIT — FIRE COMPARTMENT space PEASPEREA ZI) (2) Fig, 14 Parr Pan Inorcatia Conese? 60 008 Leaves ewes IN OPPOSE CiRECTONS oF Hoxizonrat Exit iw Hosprran NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016Ca 2 ® ¢ 28 ss 4 he a ite 1B , 6 Le i he Des ee ee os mcr 26ee0e02 0008 IOS LO eo) be 6 > 2) For hospitals (Subdivision C-1), the following shall also be complied with: 1) Compartmentation shall meet the requirement as per 4.8.2. 2) Bach compartment (see 4.5.2) shall be able to accommodate, in addition to its own, the patients from adjoining compartment also considering-3.5 m? per person. If patients are not bed-tidden, a factor of 0.6 mi? per person is recommended. 3) All critical patients and those incapable of self-preservation and having physical impairment shall be housed within 30m. height 4) Other types of patiézits and occupancies incidental to the hospitals such as consultation rooms, nurses’ stations, ‘medical shops, canteens, ete may be housed at heights beyond 30 m but not more than 45 m. 5) Basement shail not be used to store flammables or for pathological or other laboratories particularly those involving usage of chemicals. 6) Operation theatres, delivery rooms, Intensive care units, recovery rooms, etc, that containing patients lacking self- preservation in case of emergencies shall be fire/smoke separated (120 min minimum fating) from all the adjoining areas. 7) Aisles, corridors, ramps, ete, through which patients are moved, shall have a minimum width of 2.4 m throughout, Aisles, corridors, and ramps in other areas nol intended for the housing, treatment, ‘or use of inpatients shall be not less than 1.5 min width, 8) All exits from hospital or infirmary sections shall be not less than 2.0 m ia width, 9) Minimum width of doot of single or double occupancy patient room shall be 1.25 m while for the wards for 3 to 5 patient beds shall be 1.50 m, to permit movement of patients. The minimum width of door for wards for more than $ patient beds and for areas necessarily requiring patient evacuation on bed (such as ICU, recovery units, delivery rooms, etc), shall have door width of 2.0 m. The width of 2.0m may be reduced to minimum of 1,5 m where two such doors are provided in such areas, PART 4 FIRE AND LIF SAFETY 10) Any sleeping accommodation or suite ‘exceecting 100 m? in area shail have at Teast two doorways leading t0 the exit access corridors. 11) Floor surface of corridors shall not be inclined ata gradient steeper than 1 in 12 to the horizontal 12) Exitaccess corridors from a compartment to another compartment shall be divided at the compartment intersection by a fire door of 120 min fire rating in the fire ‘compartment wall 13) Rooms designated for laboratory and the like shall not exceed 100 m? in area and if additional space is required, fire separation of 120 min shall be provided, 14) Storage of flammable liquids in laboratories or in any other area shall be not more than 3 litre for every 10 m? area, 15) Disposal of any equipment and other (paticutarly hazardous} materiale chal! be accomplished inthe premises by a disposal specialist of ata safe location away irom the health care facility by competent personnel using procedures established in ‘concurrence with the safe practices 16) A stretcher lift in lift bank shall also act as fireman's lift meeting the requirements of Part 8 ‘Building Services, Section 5 Installation of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks, Subsection 5A Lifts’ of the Code, h) Progressive evacuation strategy — See Fig. 15, in which, as an example, the exit calculations at two locations shall be based ‘on requirements of total occupancy for area (A, B and C) divided by 2 considering progressive evacuation strategy. 6.3.3 Exception and Deviation It is recognized that in institutions or part of buildings housing various types of psychiatric patients, or used. ag mental institutions and penal institutions, it is necessary to maintain Jocked doors and barred ‘windows; and to such extent the necessary provision in other sections of the code requiring the keeping of exits unlocked may be waived. It is also recognized that certain type of psychiatric patients are not capable of seeking safety without adequate guidance. In ‘buildings where this situation prevails, reliable means for the rapid release of occupants shail be provided, such as remote control of locks, of by keying all locks to keys commonly used by attendants. 6