Must know!
Dont reposition the person if you suspect a head,
Vital Signs: neck, back, or leg injury.
Norval Values:
Cover with coat or blanket.
Blood Pressure: 110/70 mmHg
Calm the person as much as possible until medical
Pulse: 60-100 bpm
help arrives.
Respiration: 16-20 cpm
3. Clean and Protect Wound
Temperature: 36.5 37.5 C
Wrap or cover the injured area with sterile dressing
First aid is the assistance given to any person or clean cloth.
suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care
4. Save Amputated Part
provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from
In some cases, the amputated part can be
worsening, and/or promote recovery.
reattached.
Accidental Amputation If possible, rinse with clean water to remove dirt or
debris. Do not use soap or scrub.
Place in a clean, plastic bag.
Pack the bag in ice. Take it with you to the hospital.
Animal Bite
1. Stop the Bleeding
Wash your hands with soap and water, if possible.
Have the injured person lie down, if possible, and
elevate the injured area.
1.Stop Bleeding
Dont reposition the person if you suspect a head,
neck, back, or leg injury. Apply direct pressure until bleeding stops.
Apply steady, direct pressure to the wound. If
2.Clean and Protect
theres an object in the wound, apply pressure
around it, not directly over it. For a wound or superficial scratch from an animal
If blood soaks through, apply another covering over bite:
the first one. Dont take the first one off. Gently clean with soap and warm water. Rinse for
Use a tourniquet or compression bandage only if several minutes after cleaning
bleeding is severe and not stopped with direct
Get Help
pressure.
Get medical help immediately for any animal bite
2. Check for and Treat Shock
that is more than a superficial scratch or if the
With the person still lying flat, raise the feet about animal was a wild animal or stray, regardless of the
12 inches. severity of the injury.
If the animal's owner is available, find out if the Insect Bites
animal's rabies shots are up-to-date. Give this
information to your health care provider.
If the animal was a stray or wild animal, call the local
health department or animal control immediately.
Burns
For mild reactions
To take care of an insect bite or sting that causes a
mild reaction:
Move to a safe area to avoid more bites or
stings.
If needed, remove the stinger.
1. Stop Burning Immediately
Wash the area with soap and water.
Put out fire or stop the person's contact with hot Apply a cool compress. Use a cloth dampened
liquid, steam, or other material. with cold water or filled with ice. This helps
Help the person "stop, drop, and roll" to smother reduce pain and swelling. If the injury is on an
arm or leg, elevate it.
flames.
Remove smoldering material from the person.
Snake Bite
Remove hot or burned clothing. If clothing sticks to
skin, cut or tear around it.
2. Remove Constrictive Clothing Immediately
Take off jewelry, belts, and tight clothing. Burns can
swell quickly.
Then take the following steps:
For First-Degree Burns (Affecting Top Layer of Skin)
1. Cool Burn
Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running
If you are bitten by a venomous snake, call 911 or
water or immerse in cool water until pain subsides.
your local emergency number immediately,
Use compresses if running water isnt available.
especially if the area changes color, begins to swell
2. Protect Burn or is painful. Many hospitals stock antivenom drugs,
which may help you.
Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean
cloth. If possible, take these steps while waiting for
Do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause medical help:
infection.
Remain calm and move beyond the snake's
striking distance.
Remove jewelry and tight clothing before you
start to swell.
Position yourself, if possible, so that the bite is Attempt to suck out venom
at or below the level of your heart. Apply tourniquet, ice, or water
Clean the wound, but don't flush it with water. Give the person alcohol or caffeinated drinks or any
Cover it with a clean, dry dressing.
other medications.
Caution
Don't use a tourniquet or apply ice.
Don't cut the wound or attempt to remove the
venom.
Don't drink caffeine or alcohol, which could
speed the rate at which your body absorbs
venom.
Don't try to capture the snake. Try to remember
its color and shape so that you can describe it,
which will help in your treatment.
1. Note the Snake's Appearance
Be ready to describe the snake to emergency staff.
2. Protect the Person
While waiting for medical help:
Move the person beyond striking distance of the
snake.
Have the person lie down with wound below
the heart.
Keep the person calm and at rest, remaining as still
as possible to keep venom from spreading.
Cover the wound with loose, sterile bandage.
Remove any jewelry from the area that was bitten.
Remove shoes if the leg or foot was bitten.
Do not:
Cut a bite wound
