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Adult Learning Principles

Knowles identified 5 assumptions about adult learners: 1) As adults mature, their self-concept shifts from dependent to self-directed; 2) Adults accumulate experiences that become resources for learning; 3) Readiness to learn relates to their social roles; 4) Orientation changes from subject-centered to problem-centered; 5) Motivation to learn is internal. He also described 4 principles of andragogy - that adults need involvement in planning/evaluation, experience provides the basis for learning, relevance is important, and learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.

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487 views3 pages

Adult Learning Principles

Knowles identified 5 assumptions about adult learners: 1) As adults mature, their self-concept shifts from dependent to self-directed; 2) Adults accumulate experiences that become resources for learning; 3) Readiness to learn relates to their social roles; 4) Orientation changes from subject-centered to problem-centered; 5) Motivation to learn is internal. He also described 4 principles of andragogy - that adults need involvement in planning/evaluation, experience provides the basis for learning, relevance is important, and learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.

Uploaded by

Nisa KD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Knowles 5 Assumptions Of Adult Learners

1. Self-concept / motivation
As a person matures his/her self concept moves from one of being
a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human
being

Adult learner needs to be more involved and engaged in the


teaching-learning session, to plan and evaluate. Instead of
just being a passive audience in class and follow instruction.

2. Adult Learner Experience


As a person matures he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of
experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning.

They use their life and work experience in their thought


process and also to complete tasks. Their competency and
knowledge in certain areas may also relates to experience

3. Readiness to Learn / Goal oriented


As a person matures his/her readiness to learn becomes
oriented increasingly to the developmental tasks of his/her social
roles.

Personal self-development and career development may be


the purpose of adults to learn

4. Orientation to Learning / Relevancy-oriented


As a person matures his/her time perspective changes from one
of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of
application, and accordingly his/her orientation toward learning
shifts from one of subject- centeredness to one of problem
centeredness.

5. Motivation to Learn
As a person matures the motivation to learn is internal
(Knowles 1984:12).

Knowles 4 Principles Of Andragogy

In 1984, Knowles suggested 4 principles that are applied to adult


learning:

1. Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their


instruction.

2. Experience (including mistakes) provides the basis for the learning


activities.

3. Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have


immediate relevance and impact to their job or personal life.

4. Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.


(Kearsley, 2010)
A person self concept moves from one of being a
Self-concept dependent personality toward one of being a self-
directed human being as he/she matures

An adult's accumulated experiences becomes a


Experience resource for leaning

As a person matures his/her readiness to learn


Readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to the
developmental tasks of his/her social roles.

The perspective of learning changes from subject-


Orientation centered to problem-centered

Motivation An adult motivation to learn is internal

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