EUROPEAN ORGANISATION

FOR THE SAFETY OF AIR NAVIGATION

EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL SAFETY REGULATORY REQUIREMENT

(ESARR)

ESARR 2

REPORTING AND ASSESSMENT OF

SAFETY OCCURRENCES IN ATM

Edition : 3.0
Edition Date : 02 December 2009
Status : Released Issue
Distribution : General Public
Category : Safety Regulatory Requirement

SAFETY REGULATION COMMISSION

 ESARR 2 Reporting and Assessment of Safety Occurrences in ATM

F.2 DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS

TITLE

ESARR 2
Reporting and Assessment of Safety Occurrences in ATM
Document Identifier Reference ESARR 2
esarr2_e3.0_ri Edition Number 3.0
Edition Date 02-12-2009
Abstract
This EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement has been prepared by the Safety
Regulation Commission, in co-ordination with the Agency. This requirement covers the
implementation by States of an Occurrence Reporting and Assessment Scheme for Air
Traffic Management (ATM) Safety.
It defines a list of ATM-related occurrences which shall, as a minimum, be reported and
assessed by States (Appendix A), defines the minimum appropriate safety data which shall
be collated and reported to EUROCONTROL by States, expressed in terms of high-level
safety indicators (Appendix B) and includes a glossary of terms with harmonised definitions
(Appendix C).
Keywords
Accident Incident ATM specific occurrence
Reporting Assessment Investigation
Causes ATM safety
Contact Person(s) Tel Unit
Charlie GOVAARTS +32 2 729 31 22 DG/SRU
Florin CORAN +32 2 729 51 57 DG/SRU

DOCUMENT INFORMATION

Status Distribution Category

Working Draft General Public ; Safety Regulatory Requirement ;
Draft Issue Restricted EUROCONTROL Requirement Application Document
Proposed Issue Restricted SRC ESARR Advisory Material
Released Issue ; Restricted SRC Commissioners SRC Policy Document
Restricted SRCCG SRC Document
Restricted SRU Comment / Response Document

COPIES OF SRC DELIVERABLES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM

Safety Regulation Unit Tel: +32 2 729 51 38
EUROCONTROL Fax: +32 2 729 47 87
Rue de la Fuse, 96 E-mail: sru@eurocontrol.int
B-1130 Bruxelles Website: www.eurocontrol.int/src

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 ESARR 2 Reporting and Assessment of Safety Occurrences in ATM

F.3 DOCUMENT APPROVAL

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F.4 AMENDMENT RECORD

The following table records the complete history of this document.

Edition Pages
Date Reason for Change
No. Affected
0.01 23-Apr-99 Creation - Working Draft A from SRU to All
EATMP/SISG/HEIDI.
0.02 04-May-99 Working Draft B incorporating initial HEIDI inputs. All
0.03 04-May-99 Working Draft C taking account of comparison of the safety Appendices A
regulatory requirement and HEIDI respective scopes. and B
0.04 20-May-99 Working Draft D incorporating draft HEIDI structure for Appendices A
glossary (HEIDI/5). and C
0.05 27-May-99 Working Draft E taking account of draft definitions from Appendix C
SRU.
0.06 27-May-99 Working Draft E1 taking account of draft definitions from Appendix C
SQS.
0.07 28-May-99 Working Draft F taking account of further draft definitions All
from SRU/SQS.
0.08 14-Jun-99 Draft G with glossary of terms complete with draft All
definitions. For SRC and EUROCONTROL-wide
consultation.
0.09 06-Jul-99 Working Draft H after HEIDI/6 review of draft definitions. For Appendix C
HEIDI review.
0.10 30-Aug-99 Working Draft I taking account of SRC and Sections 2/5.
EUROCONTROL comments on Draft G. Appendix C
0.11 28-May-99 Working Draft taking account of HEIDI/7 final review of Appendix C
definitions.
0.12 10-Sep-99 Draft submitted to the Safety Regulation Commission after All
English editorial review.
0.13 08-Oct-99 Proposed Issue to the Provisional Council. Sections 4/5 -
Term Factor replaced by Cause to ensure consistency Appendices
with ICAO AIG99 decision. A/C
Definitions of OAT and GAT modified.
1.0 12-Nov-99 Released Issue after approval by Provisional Council and All
EUROCONTROL Commission.
1.1 30-Mar-00 Addition of a sub-section to para.3 after CMIC agreement. Section 3
2.0 03-Nov-00 Released Issue following Approval by Correspondence by All
EUROCONTROL Commission.
2.01 08-Oct-09 New version as a result of the incorporation of altitude Appendix B, B-
deviation data in the Annual Summary Template. 5
3.0 02-Dec-09 Released Issue after approval by Provisional Council and -
EUROCONTROL Commission.

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 ESARR 2 Reporting and Assessment of Safety Occurrences in ATM

F.5 CONTENTS

Section Title Page

Foreword

F.1 Title Page .. 1

F.2 Document Characteristics . 2

F.3 Document Approval .. 3

F.4 Amendment Record .................... 4

F.5 Contents ... 5

F.6 Executive Summary ... 6

ESARR 2 Reporting and Assessment of Safety Occurrences in ATM

1. Scope .. 7

2. Rationale .. 7

3. Applicability 7

4. Safety Objective ... 8

5. Safety Requirement ... 8

6. Implementation . 10

7. Exemptions . 11

8. Additional Material . 11

Appendices

A. ATM-Related Safety Occurrences to be Reported and Analysed ... 12

B. Annual Summary Report Minimum Contents .......... 17

C. Terms and Definitions Glossary ......................... 19

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F.6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document has been prepared by the Safety Regulation Commission.

This Requirement covers the implementation by States of an Occurrence Reporting

and Assessment Scheme for Air Traffic Management (ATM) Safety:

It defines, in Appendix A, a list of ATM-related occurrences which shall, as a

minimum, be reported and assessed by States;
It defines, in Appendix B, the minimum appropriate safety data which shall be
collated and reported to EUROCONTROL by States, expressed in terms if
high level safety indicators;
It includes, in Appendix C, a glossary of terms with harmonised definitions.
States shall implement this Safety Regulatory Requirement in a phased manner,
starting collecting the safety data related to accidents and incidents-near collisions as
from the 1st January 2000.

It is left to each State to decide the best national approach to be adopted to

successfully implement this Safety Regulatory Requirement.

(Space Left Intentionally Blank)

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1. SCOPE

1.1 This requirement covers the implementation by States of an Occurrence Reporting

and Assessment Scheme for Air Traffic Management (ATM) safety.

2. RATIONALE

2.1 The implementation of consistent high levels of aviation safety and the management
of safety in ATM within the ECAC area require, as a priority, the successful
implementation of harmonised occurrence reporting and assessment schemes. Such
schemes will lead to more systematic visibility of safety occurrences and their
causes, and will allow identification of appropriate corrective actions as well as areas
where flight safety could be improved by changes to the ATM system.

2.2 Analysis of safety performance at the European level has yielded the conclusion
(referenced in the EUROCONTROL ATM Performance Report for 1998) that Across
the ECAC area, significant variations exist in the scope, depth, consistency and
availability of ATM safety data.

2.3 Safety regulatory action is therefore considered necessary to promote more

consistent and systematic reporting and assessment of safety occurrences within the
ATM system. Such reporting and assessment, which must be in a non-punitive
environment, has the potential to act as an effective contribution to accident and
serious incident prevention.

3. APPLICABILITY

3.1 This requirement applies to Member States of EUROCONTROL. ECAC States who
are not Members of EUROCONTROL are also encouraged to apply this requirement.

3.2 In turn, Member States determine the national or international institutional

arrangements necessary to enable the provisions of this requirement to be met.
These provisions have been structured in such a way that, within national regulatory
frameworks, part of, or the entire, Requirement may be placed by National
Administrations upon constituent organisations or others, or individuals within States.

3.3 This requirement shall apply in all occurrences;

involving or affecting only civil aircraft,

where civil ATS is providing service to civil and/or military aircraft,
where military ATS and/or Air Defense1 is providing service to civil aircraft.
Only in those cases which exclusively and simultaneously involve a combination of
military aircraft and military ATS and/or Air Defense, reporting is not mandated. It is
left to States to voluntarily report those occurrences considered necessary for the
improvement of safety of air traffic.

1 Note: Depending on national concepts.

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4. SAFETY OBJECTIVE

The overall safety objectives are to ensure that, at national and ECAC levels, formal
means exist to:

4.1 Assess safety performance and related trends over time;

4.2 Identify key risk areas where the ATM system could contribute to safety
improvement, and to take appropriate actions;

4.3 Investigate, assess and draw conclusions on the extent of the ATM system
contribution to the cause of all types of safety occurrences and to take corrective
measures, whether regulatory or not;

4.4 Draw conclusions on how the ATM system could improve safety even in areas where
it is not involved in accidents or incidents;

4.5 Assess and monitor over time whether technical and operational changes introduced
to the ATM system meet their predetermined safety requirements, and take
appropriate actions.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENT

5.1 Requirements for Safety Occurrence Reporting and Assessment at National Level.

Each State shall ensure that:

5.1.1 A formal means of safety occurrence reporting and assessment is implemented for
all ATM-related occurrences that pose an actual or potential threat to flight safety, or
can compromise the provision of safe ATM services, which as a minimum complies
with the list of ATM-related occurrences as defined in Appendix A2;

5.1.2 Provisions exist for any person or organisation in the aviation industry to report any
such occurrence or situation in which he or she was involved, or witnessed, and
which he or she believes posed a potential threat to flight safety or compromised the
ability to provide safe ATM services. Such provisions shall not be restricted to the
reporting of aircraft accidents or serious incidents, since other types of occurrences
could reveal the same types of hazards as accidents or serious incidents;

5.1.3 ATM personnel and third parties are encouraged by every means to systematically
and consistently report such occurrences;

5.1.4 All relevant data that would aid understanding of the circumstances surrounding such
occurrences are adequately identified, with the data being secured, recorded and
stored in a manner which ensures their quality and confidentiality as well as
permitting subsequent collation and assessment;

2 Attachment A also contains minimum contextual/factual data to be collected and, for those occurrences subject to detailed analysis, typical main
results of the assessment or investigation, such as categories of causes, level of severity and safety recommendations/interventions.

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5.1.5 Investigation or assessment, by a team with the necessary expertise, of those

occurrences that are considered to have significant3 implications on flight safety
and/or on the ability to provide safe ATM services, takes place immediately, and any
necessary remedial action taken;

5.1.6 The severity of each such occurrence4 is determined, the risk posed by each such
occurrence classified, and the results recorded;

5.1.7 The causes of such occurrences are analysed, to the utmost degree of objectivity, to
identify the extent to which the ATM system helped, or could have helped, to reduce
the risk incurred, with the results recorded;

5.1.8 Safety recommendations, interventions and corrective actions are developed,

recorded where necessary, and their implementation monitored;

5.1.9 To the extent possible, safety experience, based upon collected safety occurrence
data and assessment, is exchanged between States in order to develop a more
representative and common awareness of typical hazards and related causes, as
well as safety trends and areas where changes to the ATM system could improve
safety.

5.2 Requirements for reporting safety information to EUROCONTROL.

5.2.1 Each State shall ensure that all appropriate safety data are collated and reported to
EUROCONTROL in terms of high level safety indicators, which as a minimum
comply with Appendix B.

6. IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 It is left to each State to decide the best national approach to be adopted to
successfully implement this Safety Regulatory Requirement, to encourage a good
level of reporting, and to produce reliable safety data. In particular, each State will
decide upon the implementation, or not, of a national mandatory and/or voluntary
scheme.

6.2 States shall start collecting the safety data related to accidents and incidents-near
collisions as from the 1st January 2000 (refer to Appendix A, Sections 1.1 and 1.2.1).
States shall then report on an annual basis, and to EUROCONTROL, national safety
indicators related to those categories of occurrences by the 30th March 20015 (refer
to Appendix B).

6.3 States shall start collecting the safety data related to incidents with a potential to
become collisions or near collisions, as from the 1st January 2001 (refer to Appendix
A, Section 1.2.2). States shall then report on an annual basis, and to
EUROCONTROL, national safety indicators related to those incidents, by the 30th
March 2002 (refer to Appendix B).

3 i.e. Severity C or above, as defined in EUROCONTROL Guidance Material Severity-Classification scheme for safety occurrences in ATM, Released
Issue 1.0.
4 Refer to EUROCONTROL Guidance Material Severity-Classification scheme for safety occurrences in ATM, Released Issue 1.0.
5 Annual reports will only include statistics for those occurrences whose assessment or investigation have been completed by the end of March of the
year following the occurrence.

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6.4 States shall start collecting the safety data related to ATM specific occurrences
having an impact on the ability to provide safe ATM services, as from the 1st January
2002 (refer to Appendix A, Section 1.3). States shall then report on an annual basis,
and to EUROCONTROL, national safety indicators related to those occurrences by
the 30th March 2003 (refer to Appendix B).

7. EXEMPTIONS

None.

8. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

8.1 The EUROCONTROL Agency, as part of its activities in HEIDI (Harmonisation of

European Incident Definitions Initiative for ATM), intends to finalise a harmonised set
of definitions for ATM related occurrences by the end of 1999. Occurrence reporting
schemes with a compatible set of definitions are considered to be compliant with
relevant parts of this Safety Regulatory Requirement. The quality and consistency of
implementation of this Safety Regulatory Requirement is seen as highly dependent
upon the completion and implementation of the HEIDI taxonomy and definitions.

8.2 EUROCONTROL SRC has developed Guidance Material that includes classification
schemes of occurrences according to their severity (ref. Severity Classification
Scheme for Safety Occurrences in ATM, Edition 1.0, Released Issue).

8.3 The EUROCONTROL Agency intends to develop a Guidance Material to harmonise,

between EUROCONTROL ATM service providers, the processes and criteria for the
reporting and assessment of occurrences, including classification according to
severity levels.

8.4 The ICAO ADREP Manual6 is to be revised in early 2000 and national schemes
compatible with ADREP 2000 are considered as compliant with relevant parts of this
Safety Regulatory Requirement. It should be noted that the data base developed by
the Joint Research Centre (JRC) for the European Commission, called ECCAIRS, is
to be upgraded to implement ADREP 2000 during the year 2000.

8.5 EUROCONTROL is standardising automatic monitoring tools (such as Minimum Safe

Altitude Warning, Short Term Conflict Alert, Area Proximity Warning, Surface
Movement Guidance and Control Systems) to be included as Convergence
Implementation Plan objectives. These tools can be considered as systematic
alerting devices to detect occurrences or potential occurrences.

8.6 This safety requirement is compatible with:

8.6.1 ICAO definitions (in particular Annex 13);

6 A companion document to ICAO Annex 13, that includes a taxonomy for accident and serious incidents, to be updated in its 2000 version to include,
among other things, ATM occurrences.

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8.6.2 EUROCONTROL Agency (i.e. EATMP/Safety Group) definitions;

8.6.3 Occurrence Reporting Requirements in all JARs7 (JAA Joint Aviation Requirements);

8.6.4 The Proposed Community Council Directive establishing a co-ordinated system on

national mandatory occurrence reporting systems in civil aviation8.

(Space Left Intentionally Blank)

7 The JAA are currently reviewing all safety occurrence reporting requirements throughout all JARs in order to achieve consistency. During this process,
both Organisations are co-ordinating their positions in order to ensure compatibility of terminology.
8 The European Commission, on behalf of the European Community, is preparing a Draft Council Directive for "the establishment of a co-ordinated
system of national mandatory occurence reporting schemes in civil aviation". During the development of this Directive both Organisations will co-
ordinate their positions in order to ensure compatibility of rule, process and procedures.

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APPENDIX A ATM-RELATED SAFETY OCCURRENCES TO BE

REPORTED AND ANALYSED
This appendix contains the list of ATM-related occurrences which, as a minimum, shall be
reported and assessed. It also provides the minimum contextual/factual data to be collected
and recorded for each occurrence and, for those occurrences subjected to detailed
analysis1, typical main results of the assessment or investigation, such as categories of
causes, level of severity and safety recommendations/interventions.

Note: Appendix C provides definitions for most of the terms listed in this appendix.

A-1 ATM-related Safety Occurrences to be Reported and Analysed

The following categories of ATM-related occurrences shall be reported and

assessed.

Note: This shall not preclude the reporting of any occurrence, situation or condition which, if repeated in
different but likely circumstances or allowed to continue uncorrected, could create a hazard to aircraft
safety.

In addition, other safety occurrences identified as part of the monitoring requirements

of specific programmes shall be added (e.g. monitoring requirements as identified in
the RVSM Programme).

A-1.1 Accidents: In particular the following types of accidents, of specific interest to the
ATM-community:

Mid Air collision,

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT),
Collision on the ground between aircraft,
Collision between an airborne aircraft and vehicle/another aircraft on the
ground,
Collision on the ground between aircraft and vehicle/person/obstruction(s),
Other accidents of special interest would include losses of control in flight,
due to VORTEX or meteorological conditions.

A-1.2 Incidents: In particular the following types of incidents, of specific interest to the
ATM community:

A-1.2.1 Near collision (encompassing specific situations where one aircraft and
another aircraft/the ground/a vehicle/person or object is perceived to be too close to
each other):

Separation minima infringement,

Inadequate separation,
Near Controlled Flight Into Terrain (Near CFIT),
Runway incursion where avoiding action was necessary.

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A-1.2.2 Potential for collision or near collision (encompassing specific situations

having the potential to be an accident or a near collision, if another aircraft is in the
vicinity):

Runway incursion where no avoiding action is necessary,

Runway excursion by aircraft,
Aircraft deviation from ATC clearance,
Aircraft deviation from applicable ATM regulation:
Aircraft deviation from applicable published ATM procedures,
Unauthorised penetration of airspace,
Deviation from aircraft ATM-related equipment carriage and operations,
as mandated in applicable regulation(s).

A-1.3 ATM-specific occurrences (encompassing those situations where the ability to

provide safe ATM services is affected, including situations where, by chance, the
safe operations of aircraft has not been jeopardised). This shall include the following
occurrences:

Inability to provide Air Traffic Management Services:

Inability to provide Air Traffic Services,
Inability to provide Airspace Management Services,
Inability to provide Air Traffic Flow Management Services.
Failure of Communication function,
Failure of Surveillance function,
Failure of Data Processing and Distribution function,
Failure of Navigation function,
ATM system security.

A-2 Contextual/Factual Data to be Collected and Stored

The following list sets out the minimum factual data to be collected and recorded
about the occurrence (who, what, when, where) so that statistics can be developed
to support the production of high level safety indicators and associated trends over
time.

Note: The list below details the minimum factual data to be collected when initiating and undertaking the
assessment/investigation of an occurrence. This list is by no means exhaustive.

Number of aircraft involved,

Vehicle(s) involved (Y/N),
Person(s) involved (Y/N),
Animal(s) involved (Y/N),
ATS Unit(s),
Month of occurrence,

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Number of fatal injuries;

Crew member fatal injuries,
Passengers fatal injuries,
Third party fatal injuries.
Number of serious injuries.

Data related to each aircraft:

Damage to aircraft,
Aircraft Type,
Type of Flight (To identify more specifically Commercial Air Transport or
General Aviation Operation),
Type of operations (General Air Traffic and Operational Air Traffic),
Phase of ATM operations (From Taxi to Arrival),
Flight Rules (IFR, VFR),
Type of Air Traffic Management service provided (Refer to list in Glossary at
appendix C),
Class of Air Traffic Services airspaces,
Other Airspace areas (Restricted, prohibited, danger areas),
Type of report (i.e. AIRPROX report, ACAS report, Others),
Type of monitoring system alerts (i.e. STCA, MSAW, GPWS, APW, ACAS, S-
MGCS, Others).

A-3 Results of the Assessment/Investigation to be Stored

The following list details the minimum data that should be produced and stored as
results of the assessment/investigation of the occurrence.

A-3.1 The assessment/investigation of the occurrence shall enable the determination of the
level of severity of the occurrence.

Refer to SRC Guidance Material Severity Classification Scheme for Safety

Occurrences in ATM, Released Issue 1.0.

A-3.2 The assessment/investigation of the occurrence shall enable the determination of the
level of contribution from the ground element of the ATM system and establish if
such contribution is:

Direct,
Indirect,
With no ATM involvement (to cover situations where the ground element of
the ATM system had nothing to do with the occurrence).

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A-3.3 The assessment/investigation of the occurrence shall enable the determination of the
chain of events that led to the occurrence and enable the identification of the various
reasons why each event took place, thus enabling the development of remedial
measures, corrective actions and safety interventions or recommendations.

A-3.3.1 Causes that combined to result in the occurrence shall be classified

according to the following high level categories:

Note: However, the assessment/investigation of the occurrence may require a significant breakdown of
those categories in order to better identify the reasons why the occurrence took place and to take
adequate prevention measures.

ATM services personnel;

Physical/Physiological/Psychosocial,
Interface-Working Environment,
Operational tasks demand.
ATM services personnel operating procedures and instructions;
Operational ATC procedures,
Other operational ATM service procedures,
Engineering and maintenance procedures.
Interface between ATM service units;
ATM service infrastructure/facilities/technical systems;
Hardware issues,
Software issues,
Integration issues.
Aerodrome layout and infrastructure.
Airspace structure;
Route structure,
Capacity,
Sectorisation,
ATS airspaces.
Company structure and Management Policy;
Operational Line management,
Safety Management System,
Institutional arrangements,
Management/personnel policy.
Regulatory activities;
Regulation,
Approval process.

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A-3.3.2 Safety recommendations, interventions and corrective actions shall be

developed and recorded where necessary, and their implementation monitored. They
can take various forms, including development and implementation of a Safety
Regulatory Requirement, standards implementation, procedures development or
improvement, changes to system architecture, revisions in the ATM training.

(Space Left Intentionally Blank)

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APPENDIX B ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT MINIMUM CONTENTS

Minimum information to be included in the summary report and reported to EUROCONTROL

shall include:

B-1 The State annual traffic volume, expressed in movement and flight hour numbers.

B-2 The total number of accidents in the State, with identification of the associated level
of damage and number of fatal injuries. Statistical information will be classified
according to the phase of flight, flight rules, type of operations and class of airspace,
with indication each time of the number of cases where ATM had either a direct or
indirect contribution to the accident. Similar information will be provided for specific
categories of accidents, including:
Mid Air Collision,
Controlled Flight Into Terrain,
Collision on the ground between aircraft,
Collision between an airborne aircraft and vehicle/another aircraft on the
ground,
Collision on the ground between aircraft and vehicle/person obstruction(s).
B-3 The total number of incidents in the State, classified according to severity level,
phase of flight, flight rules, type of operations and class of airspace, with indication
each time of the number of cases where ATM had either a direct or indirect
contribution to the incident. Similar information will be provided for specific categories
of incidents, including:
Separation minima infringement,
Inadequate separation,
Near Controlled Flight Into Terrain (Near CFIT),
Runway incursion where avoiding action was necessary,
Runway incursion where no avoiding action was necessary,
Runway excursion by aircraft,
Aircraft deviation from ATC clearance,
Aircraft deviation from applicable ATM regulation;
Aircraft deviation from applicable published ATM procedures,
Unauthorised penetration of airspace,
Deviation from aircraft ATM-related equipment carriage and operations,
as mandated in applicable regulation(s).

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B-4 The total number of ATM specific occurrences in the State, classified according to
the severity. Similar information will be provided for specific categories of ATM
specific occurrences, including:
Inability to provide Air Traffic Management Services;
Inability to provide Air Traffic Services,
Inability to provide Airspace Management Services,
Inability to provide Air Traffic Flow Management Services.
Failure of Communication function,
Failure of Surveillance function,
Failure of Data Processing and Distribution function,
Failure of Navigation function,
Failure of ATM system security.

B-5 The altitude deviation data for the purpose of monitoring the safe operations in EUR
RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minima) airspace, by the Regional Monitoring
Agency (RMA), presently executed by EUROCONTROL to comply with ICAO
provisions as specified, including:
Date of occurrence of altitude deviation,
Aircraft Type,
Cleared Flight Level,
Observed Flight Level,
Cause of deviation,
Other traffic if Loss of Separation occurred;
Minimum Vertical Separation (feet),
Minimum Horizontal Separation (nm).

(Space Left Intentionally Blank)

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APPENDIX C TERMS AND DEFINITIONS GLOSSARY

Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)
Occurrence Accidents, serious incidents and incidents as well as other defects or malfunctioning of an aircraft,
its equipment and any element of the Air Navigation System which is used or intended to be used
for the purpose or in connection with the operation of an aircraft or with the provision of an air
traffic management service or navigational aid to an aircraft.
Accident ICAO Annex 13 An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any
person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have
disembarked, in which:
a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:
- being in the aircraft, or
- direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become
detached from the aircraft, or
- direct exposure to jet blast,
except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or
when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the
passengers and crew; or
b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:
- adversely affect the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the
aircraft, and
- would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component
except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or
accessories; or for damages limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, fairings,
small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.
Note 1: For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date of
the accident is classified as a fatal injury by ICAO.
Note 2: An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated and
the wreckage has not been located.
Mid-air collision EUROCONTROL An event in which an aircraft comes into direct contact with another aircraft or with a flying object Note: It is possible that the flights of one or both aircraft may be
HEIDI during flight. continued.
Controlled Flight Into ICAO Circular 272- Accident in which aircraft, under the control of the crew, is flown into terrain (or water) with no prior
Terrain (CFIT) AN/161 awareness on the part of the crew of the impending accident.
Collision on the ground EUROCONTROL Aircraft coming into direct contact with each other on the ground. Note: This includes situation where only one aircraft is on the
between aircraft HEIDI ground.
Collision between an EUROCONTROL Aircraft coming into direct contact with each other one being on the ground and the second being
airborne aircraft and HEIDI airborne.
vehicle/another aircraft
on the ground

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Collision between an EUROCONTROL Aircraft coming into direct contact with a vehicle/person/obstruction(s) when manoeuvring on the
aircraft and vehicle / HEIDI ground.
another Aircraft on the
Ground and
vehicle/person/
obstruction(s)
Incident ICAO Annex 13 An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects Note: The type of incidents which are of main interest to the
Doc 9713 or could affect the safety of operation. International Civil Aviation Organisation for accident prevention
studies are listed in the ICAO Accident/Incident Reporting
Manual.
Separation minima EUROCONTROL A situation in which prescribed separation minima were not maintained between aircraft. Note: Whether or not it led to the submission of an AIRPROX
infringement HEIDI report.
Inadequate separation EUROCONTROL In the absence of prescribed separation minima, a situation in which aircraft were perceived to Note: Whether or not it led to the submission of an AIRPROX
HEIDI pass too close to each other for pilots to ensure safe separation. report.
e.g. VFR and IFR flights perceived to pass too close to each
other.
Near CFIT EUROCONTROL A CFIT was avoided by chance or by avoiding action Note: Alternative term could be CFTT: Controlled Flight To
HEIDI terrain
Runway incursion where EUROCONTROL Any unauthorised presence on a runway of aircraft, vehicle, person or object where an avoiding Ref. Runway is understood as per ICAO Annex 14 definition of
avoiding action was HEIDI action was required to prevent a collision with an aircraft. RUNWAY STRIP i.e., a defined area including the runway (i.e., a
necessary defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the
landing and take-off of aircraft) and stopway (i.e., a defined
rectangular area on the ground at the end of take-off run
available prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be
stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off) , if provided,
intended to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a
runway and to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or
landing operations.
It also includes the protection areas as implemented for specific
types of operations.
Runway incursion where EUROCONTROL Any unauthorised presence on a runway of aircraft, vehicle, person or object where no avoiding Ref. See Note in Runway incursion where no avoiding action
no avoiding action was HEIDI action was required to prevent a collision with an aircraft. was necessary.
necessary
Runway excursion by EUROCONTROL Aircraft running off the edge of a runway or overrunning. Ref. See Note in Runway incursion where no avoiding action
aircraft HEIDI was necessary.
Aircraft deviation from EUROCONTROL An event in which an aircraft does not proceed under conditions specified by the controlling ATC Note: Appropriate authority as defined in ICAO Annex 2. It
ATC clearance HEIDI unit or other appropriate authority. includes situation where:
a) the non adherence by a pilot to the terms of (an)
instruction(s) given by an ATC unit with reference to altitude
(level burst) and/or heading and/or speed assignments and/or
time restrictions and/or SSR code; or
b) the execution by a pilot of a manoeuvre which requires
prior ATC approval without having secured such approval.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Aircraft deviation from EUROCONTROL An event in which an aircraft does not execute a flight in compliance with the applicable ATM e.g. as published in the Aeronautical Information Publication
applicable ATM HEIDI regulation. (AIP).
regulation
Aircraft deviation from EUROCONTROL An event in which an aircraft does not execute a flight in compliance with the applicable published e.g. Incorrect following of published SIDs and STARs. No
applicable published HEIDI ATS procedures. correct altimeter setting.
ATM procedures
Unauthorised EUROCONTROL The penetration by an aircraft into a portion of airspace without prior permission of the appropriate Note: Appropriate authority as defined in ICAO Annex 2.
penetration of airspace HEIDI authorities (when such prior permission is required). e.g. an aircraft entering a published prohibited area or active
danger area without permission from the appropriate authorities,
or an aircraft entering controlled airspace without an ATC
clearance.
Deviation from aircraft EUROCONTROL Conduct of a flight in which an aircraft does not carry the mandatory ATM related equipment (i.e., Note:- Appropriate authority as defined in ICAO Annex 2-
ATM related equipment HEIDI COM, NAV, SUR) or carries unserviceable ATM related equipment or a situation wherein no crew e.g. Flying RNAV routes without adequate required equipment,
carriage and operations member is licensed to use such equipment aboard, both without exemption from the appropriate as published in AIP.
authorities.
ATM-Specific Occurrences
Inability to provide ATM EUROCONTROL An event in which elements in the ground ATM system performances are unserviceable, Ref. Aligned with the overall objective of the ATM 2000+
services HEIDI insufficient, unavailable or corrupted so that the safety of traffic, ensured through the provision of strategy.
air navigation services, is impaired or prevented. Note: The ATM system is the aggregation of organisations,
people, infrastructure, equipment, procedures, rules and
information used to provide ATM services in order to facilitate
the safe conduct of flights and systems operations.
Inability to provide ATS EUROCONTROL An event in which elements in the ground ATS system performances are unserviceable, Ref. Air traffic Services (ICAO Doc 4444): A generic term
services HEIDI insufficient, unavailable or corrupted so that the safety of traffic is impaired or prevented. meaning variously, flight information service (FIS), alerting
service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control (ATC)
service (area control service, approach control service or
aerodrome service).
Inability to provide ASM EUROCONTROL An event in which elements in the ground airspace management system performances are Ref. The objective of ASM is to maximise, within a given
services HEIDI unserviceable, insufficient, unavailable or corrupted so that the safety of traffic is impaired or airspace structure, the utilisation of available airspace by
prevented. dynamic time-sharing, and, at times, segregation of airspace
among various categories of users based on short-term needs.
(EUROCONTROL IETF/DP/0043)
Inability to provide ATFM EUROCONTROL An event in which elements in the ground Air Traffic Flow Management system performances are Ref. ATFM is the aggregate of organisations, people,
services HEIDI unserviceable, insufficient, unavailable or corrupted so that the safety of traffic is impaired or infrastructure, equipment, procedures, rules and information
prevented. used to provide Air Traffic Flow Management services to
Airspace users. (EUROCONTROL IETF/DP/0043)
Failure of EUROCONTROL Situation in which communication by the ground ATM system is lost, partially lost or corrupted so Ref. The communication function is the aggregation of
COMMUNICATION HEIDI that continuously required communication is prevented. organisations, people, infrastructure, equipment, procedures,
function rules and information used to provide communication services
in order to facilitate the safe conduct of flights and systems
operations. (EUROCONTROL IETF/DP/0043)
e.g. Incorrect transmission of significant messages.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Failure of EUROCONTROL Situation in which surveillance by the ground ATM system is lost, partially lost or corrupted so that Ref. The surveillance function is the aggregation of
SURVEILLANCE function HEIDI continuously required surveillance by ATS is prevented. organisations, people, infrastructure, equipment, procedures,
rules and information used to provide surveillance services in
order to facilitate the safe conduct of flights and systems
operations by tracking and monitoring the progress of aircraft
movements (EUROCONTROL IETF/DP/0043).
Failure of Data EUROCONTROL Situation in which Data Processing and Distribution by the ground ATM system is lost, partially lost e.g. Loss of Flight data Processing
Processing and HEIDI or corrupted so that continuously required data exchange within ATS and/or between ATS and
Distribution function aircraft is prevented.
Failure of Support EUROCONTROL Situation in which support information is lost, partially lost or corrupted so that support information e.g. Incorrect wind information during take off and landing,
Information function HEIDI by ATS is prevented or incorrect. incorrect Runway Visual Range, incorrect or lack of filling of
Flight Plans
Failure of NAVIGATION EUROCONTROL Situation in which navigation aids in the ground ATM system is lost, partially lost or corrupted so Ref. A navigation service for en route and/or landing purposes,
function HEIDI that continuously required navigation performance provided to the aircraft is prevented. provided to the Airspace User via ground or spatial based aids.
(EUROCONTROL IETF/DP/0043).
ATM system security EUROCONTROL Situation in which the ATM services are lost or disrupted as a result of an unforeseen major e.g. Fire, smoke, flooding, bomb threat, explosion or sabotage.
HEIDI hazard.
Contextual / Factual Data
Number of aircraft EUROCONTROL The number of aircraft to which safety was not assured or which played a part in the occurrence. Ref. Aircraft as defined in ICAO Annex 8.
involved HEIDI
Vehicle(s) involved EUROCONTROL Yes or no
HEIDI
Person(s) involved EUROCONTROL Yes or no
HEIDI
Animal(s) involved EUROCONTROL Yes or no Note: It includes birds.
HEIDI
ATS units ICAO 9713 A generic term meaning variously, area control centre approach control office or aerodrome Ref. As identified by the appropriate ICAO location indicator.
control tower. Note: More than one ATS Unit may be involved.
Month of occurrence
Number of fatal injuries ICAO 9713 Number of deaths of crew, passengers or third party persons resulting from the operation of an Ref. For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death
aircraft. within thirty days of the date of the accident is classified as a
fatal injury by ICAO. (Ref. ICAO Annex 13)
Note: This would represent the grand total of all the fatalities
involved in the accident, whatever the number of aircraft.
Crew member ICAO 9713 A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during flight time.
Passengers Passengers including the persons carried in an aircraft other than the aircrafts crew.
Third parties Third party including the persons affected by an aircraft accident or incident other than the
aircrafts crew or passengers.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Number of serious ICAO 9713 An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which: Note: This would represent the grand total of all the seriously
injuries - requires hospitalisation for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the date injured persons involved in the accident whatever the number of
the injury was received; or aircraft.
- results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fracture s of fingers, toes or nose); or
- involves injury to any internal organ; or
- involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 per cent of the
body surface; or
- involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiations.
Damage to aircraft ICAO Annex 13 A brief statement of the damage sustained by aircraft in the accident (Destroyed, substantially
damaged, slightly damaged, no damage).
Aircraft type EUROCONTROL As identified by the appropriate ICAO aircraft designator or in plain language where no ICAO Note:- Same procedure as flight Plan ZZZZ+ field 18 I plain
HEIDI designator exists. language
e.g. A310; F27; Glider.
Type of Flight
Commercial air transport ICAO 9713 The operation of an aircraft on one or more stages on a scheduled or non-scheduled basis, which
is available to the public for remuneration or hire (technical stops are counted in ICAOs statistics).
General aviation ICAO 9713 An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport operation or aerial work operation
operation
Aerial work ICAO 9713 An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialised services such as agriculture,
construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, aerial
advertisement, etc.
Phase of ATM Operation
Military Janes Aerospace Aircraft operated by armed service legal or insurrectionary, no matter what aircraft type (excluding
Dictionary combat aircraft retired and privately owned.
Air Taxi service ICAO 9713 The term can have two meanings: a type of on demand service usually performed by small
capacity aircraft on short notice () in some cases () operated on a scheduled basis with stops
made only at points where passengers and cargo are to be picked up or discharged.
Instruction flights An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for teaching how to fly.
Type of Operation
GAT EUROCONTROL General Air Traffic: e.g. Military transport aircraft flying on a civil airway route.
(Flexible Use of GAT encompasses all flights conducted in accordance with rules and procedures of ICAO.
Airspace handbook) Note: GAT can include military flights for which ICAO rules and procedures satisfy entirely their
operational requirements.
OAT EUROCONTROL Operational Air Traffic: e.g. Interception flights or a training flight in military airspace.
(Flexible Use of OAT encompasses all flights which do not comply with the provisions stated for GAT and for which
Airspace handbook) rules and procedures have been specified by appropriate national authorities.
Note: OAT can include civil flights such as test-flights which require some deviation from ICAO
rules to satisfy their operational requirements.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Taxi EUROCONTROL Includes Departure-taxi (From off-blocks to start-off run) and Arrival-Taxi (From vacation of the Ref. Departure taxi aligns with ICAO ADREP:
FCO/ET1/ST02/DEL runway or full-stop on the runway to on-blocks). Standing- starting engine- engines operating- engine runup-
/1.0 rotor turning, other, and
Taxiing-push back/tow, taxiing to runway, aerial taxi, other
phases
Ref. Arrival-taxi aligns with ICAO ADREP:
Taxiing from runway, aerial taxi, other and
Standing-Engines operating, Rotor turning, other phases
Departure EUROCONTROL From start of take-off run to top-of-climb. Ref. Aligns with ICAO ADREP:
FCO/ET1/ST02/DEL Take off-take off run, aborted take off, initial climb, climb after
/1.0 gear retraction, emergency/uncontrolled descent during take off,
other phases
En-Route EUROCONTROL The time between top-of-climb and top-of-descent, excluding the time spent in the Mission Phase. Ref. Aligns with ICAO ADREP:
FCO/ET1/ST02/DEL Take-Off Climb into traffic pattern, All En Route, All
/1.0 Manoeuvring, Approach- Holding, Intermediate approach, circuit
downwind/base leg, aborted/interrupted approach before
decision height, emergency/uncontrolled descent, other phases
Arrival EUROCONTROL From top-of-descent to vacation of the runway of full-stop on the runway. Ref. Aligns with ICAO ADREP:
FCO/ET1/ST02/DEL Final approach, circuit pattern/final, missed approach/go around
/1.0 and All landing Phases
Flight Rules
Instrument Flight Rules, ICAO 9713 A set of rules governing the conduct of flight under instrument meteorological conditions.
(IFR)
Visual Flight Rules, ICAO 9713 Visual Flight Rules. Note: It includes Special VFR (ICAO 9713: A VFR flight cleared
(VFR) by Air Traffic Control to operate within a control zone in
meteorological conditions below VMC) and Controlled VFR (A
controlled flight conducted in accordance with the Visual Flight
Rules).
Type of Air Traffic ICAO Report of the The primary component of Ground-Based ATM is Air Traffic Services (ATS), and the adjunct Note: The general objective of ATM is to enable aircraft
Management (ATM) 10th Air Navigation components are Airspace management (ASM) and Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM). operators to meet their planned times of departure and arrival
service provided Conference, and adhere to their preferred flight profiles with minimum
Montreal - Doc 9583 constraints without compromising safety.
AN- Ref. ICAO Doc 4444 definition of ATS:
CONF/10EUROCO
A generic term meaning variously, flight information service
NTROL
(FIS), alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic
FCO/ET1/ST02/DEL
control (ATC) service (area control service, approach control
/1.0
service or aerodrome service)
Air Traffic Control (ATC) ICAO 9713 Air traffic control service
A service provided for the purpose of:
a) preventing collisions:
1) between aircraft and
2) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions and
b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Area control service ICAO 9713 Air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas. Ref. ICAO 9713 - Area control centre; ACC
A unit established to provide air traffic control service to
controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction.
Approach control service ICAO 9713 ATC service for arriving or departing controlled flights. Ref. ICAO 9713 - Approach control office; APP
A unit established to provide air traffic control service to
controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more
aerodromes.
Aerodrome control ICAO 9713 Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic. Ref. ICAO 9713 - Aerodrome traffic.
service All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all
aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
Note. An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in,
entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit.
Air Traffic Advisory ICAO 9713 A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between
Service aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans.
Flight Information ICAO 9713 A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient
Service (FIS) conduct of flights. A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as
practical, between aircraft that are operating on IFR flight plans.
Alerting Service (ALRS) ICAO 9713 A service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and
rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required.
Radar control ICAO 9713 The term used to indicate that radar derived information is employed directly in the provision of an
air traffic control service.
Radar service ICAO 9713 The term used to indicate a service provided directly by means of radar.
Procedural service ICAO 9713 Non-radar separation; procedural control. The separation used when an aircraft position
information is derived from sources other than radar.
Air Traffic Services ICAO 9713 Air spaces of defined dimensions alphabetically designated, within which specific types of flights Ref. ICAO Annex 11 defines 7 ATS airspace classes The
airspaces may operate and for which air traffic services and rules of operation are specified. classification should refer to the appropriate ICAO letter, i.e.
classes A, B, C, D, E, F, G or others in order to address local
variations such as G+ or G* in the Scandinavian States.
Restricted area ICAO 9713 An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within
which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions.
Prohibited area ICAO 9713 An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within
which the flight of aircraft is prohibited.
Danger area ICAO 9713 An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may
exist at specific times.
Type of report The source of information, whether from human or system origin, which revealed the fact of an
occurrence.
AIRPROX ICAO (Doc 4444) The code word used in an air traffic incident report to designate aircraft proximity. Ref. ICAO Doc 4444- Air proximity is A situation in which, in the
opinion of a pilot or an air traffic services personnel, the
distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and
speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved
may have been compromised. An aircraft proximity is classified
as follows (Four levels of severity are mentioned- refer to
appropriate section of this document )

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

ACAS report Notification and/or report by the aeroplane commander to the ATS unit concerned, and the Ref. Modifications were brought to the following definition from
subsequent controller report, whenever an aircraft has manoeuvred in response to an ACAS JAA NPA OPS-15 (Revised JAR OPS):
Advisory Notification and report by the aeroplane commander to the ATS
unit concerned, whenever an aircraft has manoeuvred in
response to an ACAS Resolution Advisory
Note: Refer to definition of ACAS below
Other occurrence reports Notification and/or report by anybody. e.g. Report made by a passenger.
Type of Monitoring System Alerts Note: Equivalent to a triggering mechanism
STCA Short Term Conflict Alert: An automated system that alerts air traffic controllers to potential Note: Current STCA includes SSR ground based systems using
conflicts between aircraft via an Air Traffic Situation Display. computerised three dimensional flight trajectory prediction to
provide warnings to air traffic control personnel about actual or
potential conflicts between aircraft on a short term basis, a few
minutes (typically 2 to 3) before the predicted time of conflict.
MSAW EUROCONTROL Minimum Safe Altitude Warning : An automated system which alerts controllers in situations where
an aircraft is, or is predicted to be, flying at an altitude such that there is a danger of collision with
terrain/obstacles.
APW EUROCONTROL Area Proximity Warning: APW is intended to alert situations where an eligible (SNET) aircraft is, or Ref. EUROCONTROL - APW Operational Concept
is predicted to be, flying into a region (SNET) of protected airspace. APW informs the controller when an aircraft is predicted to
penetrate, or has penetrated, a region (SNET) of airspace,
which has been defined as protected. The penetration may be
in the lateral plane, the vertical plane or a combination of the
two.
Note: Regions (SNET)
The function of regions (SNET) is to provide a means of
assigning particular characteristics to volumes of airspace.
Relevant characteristics could include matters such as STCA
separation criteria, MSAW minimum safe altitude (SNET) or
Mode A codes for aircraft permitted to enter a volume of
airspace protected by APW.
GPWS ICAO Annex 6 (Para Ground Proximity Warning System: A system which provides automatically a timely and distinctive Note: It includes Enhanced GPWS.
6.15.4) warning to the flight crew when the aeroplane is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earths
surface.
ACAS ICAO 9713 Airborne Collision Avoidance System
Annex 10 An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which
operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential
conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
Note 1: In this context the term independently means that ACAS operates independently of other
systems used by air traffic services except for communications with Mode S ground stations.
Note 2: SSR transponders referred to above are those operating in Mode C or Mode S.
A-SMGCS ICAO Draft Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems: Systems providing routing, Note: Aerodrome Visibility Operational Level - (AVOL): The
European Manual of guidance, surveillance and control to aircraft minimum visibility at or above which the declared movement
A-SMGCS AOPG and affected vehicles in order to maintain movement rate under all local weather conditions within rate can be sustained.
PT/2 the Aerodrome Visibility Operational Level (AVOL)
whilst maintaining the required level of safety.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Other alerting devices Alerting devices other than STCA, MSAW, GPWS, ACAS, A-SMGCS.
ATM System Contribution to Accident / Incident
Direct Where at least one ATM event or item was judged to be DIRECTLY in the causal chain of events e.g. a systems failure or an omission of action.
leading to an accident or incident.
Without that ATM event, it is considered that the occurrence would not have happened.
Indirect Where no ATM event or item was judged to be DIRECTLY in the causal chain of events leading to e.g. Air traffic Controller did not use the phrase avoiding
an accident or incident, but where at least one ATM event potentially increased the level of risk or action.
played a role in the emergence of the occurrence encountered by the aircraft.
Without such ATM event, it is considered that the accident or incident might still have happened.
No involvement When no ATM event was judged to be either direct or indirect in the causal chain of events leading Note: This covers situations where the ground element of the
to an accident or incident. ATM system had nothing to do with the safety occurrence.
Categories of Causes Causes may be isolated and single in nature but are often a
Combination of factors. The following represents examples of
categories of causes but is by no means an exhaustive list.
Cause ICAO Annex 13 Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a combination thereof, which led to the accident or EUROCONTROL will understand cause in the wider sense of
incident the term, in order to include causes to ATM specific
occurrences. (i.e. Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a
combination thereof, which led to the safety occurrence.
ATM services Personnel EUROCONTROL Persons assigned to perform operational duties directly in connection with the provision of the Air
HEIDI Traffic Management Services
Physical / Physiological / EUROCONTROL When the personal characteristics of the staff, including the level of competence of the personnel Ref. It includes (refer to HEIDI taxonomy) Competency and
Psychological / HEIDI to carry out his/her professional tasks, were inadequate. proficiency deficiencies (such as experience, qualifications,
Psychosocial recency, skill, technique, non standard technique, judgement,
acquisition, learning, prioritisation/task scheduling, shedding or
allocation, team skills, communications), but also physical
problems (such as medical limitations, sensory limitations),
physiological problems (such as illness, health, fatigue),
psychological (such as slips, lapses, mistakes, mental capacity,
attention, perception and monitoring, personality and attitude,
mental/emotional state), and psychosocial (such as job
satisfaction, cultural issues, domestic issues)
Interface-working EUROCONTROL When the working environment was not suitable for its usage by the personnel to carry out his/her Ref. It includes (refer to HEIDI taxonomy) the physical
environment HEIDI professional tasks. environment (such as aerodrome/landing take off site,
workspace environment, ATC equipment/ergonomics), the ATM
software/firmware (such as automatic defence/warnings) as well
as the provision of information (such as weather information).
Operational tasks EUROCONTROL Operational tasks demands, i.e. directly associated with the front line operational task itself. Ref. It includes (refer to HEIDI taxonomy) mainly causes related
demand HEIDI to the high workload (such as unexpected demands), to
emergency or unusual situations, or night curfew.
ATM service personnel EUROCONTROL Written procedures and instructions used by ATM personnel in the pursuance of their duties Note: Covers both the adequacy/inadequacy of the
operating procedures HEIDI directly or indirectly in connection with the provision of the ATM services. procedures/instructions as well as the misuse or non application
and Instructions of the procedures.
Note: The procedures and instructions can result from the
outcome of a safety assessment related to the introduction of a
new ATM system or a change to the existing one.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Operational ATC EUROCONTROL Written procedures and instructions used by ATC personnel in the pursuance of their duties Note: ATC procedures include the control and handling of traffic
procedures HEIDI directly in connection with the provision of the ATM services. including transfer of control, the application of separation
criteria, resolution of conflicts, methodologies for maximising
traffic flows and general communication between controllers
and between pilots and controllers. Also, how particular ATC
tasks are executed using available equipment and action in the
event of equipment failure.
Other operational ATM EUROCONTROL Written procedures and instructions used by ATM personnel other than ATC in the pursuance of Note: Other ATM procedures include interfaces with operators
service procedures HEIDI their duties directly or indirectly in connection with the provision of the ATM services. (Flight Plan office) or Development/usage of AIP or definition
and diffusion of ATIS.
Engineering and EUROCONTROL Written procedures and instructions used by engineering and maintenance personnel in the Note: Such procedures relate to engineering operation and
maintenance procedures HEIDI pursuance of their duties in connection with the provision of the ATM services. control of operational equipment, including routine maintenance
and repair of equipment after failure, and procedures used for
the design, installation and commissioning of new equipment.
Interface between ATM EUROCONTROL The airspace boundary between adjacent portions of two ATM systems. Note: It includes all inter-operations across airspace boundaries
service units HEIDI and systems interface. (i.e., consistent/compatible ATM
infrastructure Co-ordination procedures- Letter of agreement,
reception of data from other sources)
ATM service EUROCONTROL The engineered systems and sub-systems the functions of which directly support the provision of
infrastructure/facilities/ HEIDI the ATM services, as well as the civil infrastructure enabling the provision of ATM services.
technical systems
Hardware issues EUROCONTROL Defect or anomaly of a hardware element or of its components. Note: Wherever in the lifecycle: Design/Commissioning/
HEIDI operations/maintenance
Software issues EUROCONTROL Defect or anomaly of a software element or of its components. Note: Wherever in the lifecycle: Design/Commissioning/
HEIDI operations/maintenance
Integration issues EUROCONTROL Defect or anomaly in an interface between systems/equipment. Note: It includes air-ground and ground-ground integration.
HEIDI
Aerodrome layout and EUROCONTROL Physical characteristics of the aerodrome and surrounding environment. Note: It includes aerodrome layout, physical characteristics,
infrastructure HEIDI configuration of movement areas as well as obstacle limitation
surfaces to be provided for at an aerodrome, as specified in
Annex 14 of ICAO.
Airspace structure Collins Concise The structure or form of airspace for the specific use of Air Traffic.
Dictionary
Route structure EUROCONTROL The aggregate of ATS routes, itineraries defined in Terminal Areas and other airspace structure Note: Definition of Route network.
IETF/DP/0043 elements (e.g. holding areas) defined for the use of the navigable Airspace by aircraft operators.
Capacity ICAO- Doc 9306 Number of aircraft to enter into a specified portion of the airspace or to proceed to specified Ref. EUROCONTROL IETF/DP/0043 defines a number of types
(For Operating aerodromes within a given period of time. of capacity (Apron, Arrival, departure, Flow, Operating, Runway,
Capacity) Terminal, Transfer).
Note: Potential capacity causes to occurrences are to be
analysed, without being restricted to the capacity figures being
declared by States/ATM service providers.

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Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Sectorisation EUROCONTROL The partition of airspace in sectors, according to pre-defined criteria, in order to handle the traffic. Ref. Sectors as defined as per ICAO 8400/4
HEIDI Note: Sectorisation here refers to the sectorisation in place at a
certain time, which depends on the potential combination of
sectors to be put in place for both an optimum of handling of
traffic and human resource management.
ATS airspaces ICAO 9713 Air spaces of defined dimensions, alphabetically designated, within which specific types of flights Note: Causes in that category would include inadequate
may operate and for which air traffic services and rules of operation are specified. classification of air spaces.
Company structure and EUROCONTROL Structure and policy in place in ATM system administration and ATM service providers Note: It includes policies related to the style to run the
Management Policy HEIDI organisation. organisation, which tend to be outside the individuals control,
and which may affect the performance of safety.
Operational Line EUROCONTROL ATM current operations and daily management of the resources according to the anticipated e.g. Causes in that category would include inadequate workload
Management HEIDI workload. management, supervision, manning of operational positions,
excessive high traffic levels.
Safety Management EUROCONTROL The process used by organisations providing safety related services or products to ensure that all Note: It includes :
System safety aspects of that provision have been adequately addressed. Setting of organisational safety policies and standards
(which meet as a minimum the provisions of regulatory
requirements)
Adequate resources to support the implementation of the
Safety Management System
A means for measuring safety achievement, and a
mechanism for the rectification of deficiencies
e.g. Causes in that category would include ambiguity of
operational ATC procedures, non-availability or inadequacy of
operational material, inadequate assessment of risk when
introducing change to ATM systems, inadequate training, failure
to take remedial actions after an occurrence investigation has
produced safety recommendations.
Institutional EUROCONTROL The arrangement selected within one State to undertake the provision of ATM services, which may Note: It includes consideration of the legal status of the ATM
arrangements HEIDI lead to pressures on the personnel. service provider organisation (i.e. public, semi-public or private
sector) and the relationship between the regulator and the ATM
service provider.
Management / personnel EUROCONTROL The policy implemented within an organisation providing ATM services in order to manage the Note: It includes (refer to HEIDI taxonomy) recruitment, staff
policy HEIDI personnel pairing, scheduling, terms and conditions, manning.
Regulatory activities EUROCONTROL The setting of rules and policy and the oversight of compliance of organisations providing ATM
HEIDI services.
Regulation ATM 2000+ Strategy The adoption, enactment and implementation of rules for the achievement of stated objectives by Note: Proposed ATM 2000+ definition for regulation.
those to whom the regulatory process applies. Ref. Causes in that category would include (refer to HEIDI
taxonomy) inadequate regulatory standards, certification
standards) as well as inadequate or lack of safety regulatory
requirements.
Approval process ATM 2000+ Strategy A process by which an authorised body, acting within a legislative framework, gives formal Note: Proposed ATM 2000+ definition for certification.
recognition that a product, process or service conforms to applicable safety regulatory Ref. Causes in that category would include (refer to HEIDI
requirements. taxonomy) inadequate regulatory procedures, inspections,
monitoring, surveillance, audit and checks) as well as poor
regulatory oversight and wrong application of the requirements.

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 ESARR 2 Reporting and Assessment of Safety Occurrences in ATM

Term Source Reference Definition Examples and/or Comments (as required)

Safety recommendations ICAO Annex 13 A proposal of the aircraft investigation authority of the State conducting the investigation, based on Note: Generally applicable to aircraft accident and serious
information derived from the investigation, made with the intention of preventing accidents or incidents and produced by Accident Investigation Authorities.
incidents.
Safety Interventions A proposal of the organisation conducting the assessment of the occurrence, based on information Note: Generally applicable to aircraft accident and incidents as
derived from the assessment, made with the intention of preventing accidents or incidents. well as ATM specific occurrences and produced by any
organisation entitled to assess safety occurrences, including
regulators.

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