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Bryophytes show alteration of generations, with the gametophyte generation producing gametes and the sporophyte generation producing spores. Male plants bear antheridia that produce male gametes, while female plants bear archegonia that produce female gametes. Fertilization results in a zygote that grows into a sporophyte supported by the gametophyte. The sporophyte develops a spore capsule containing spores. At maturity, the capsule ruptures and releases the spores to disperse by wind.

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53 views1 page

007 PDF

Bryophytes show alteration of generations, with the gametophyte generation producing gametes and the sporophyte generation producing spores. Male plants bear antheridia that produce male gametes, while female plants bear archegonia that produce female gametes. Fertilization results in a zygote that grows into a sporophyte supported by the gametophyte. The sporophyte develops a spore capsule containing spores. At maturity, the capsule ruptures and releases the spores to disperse by wind.

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Godfrey Muchai
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(viii)Life cycle consist of the gametophyte the spore capsule are held above the

generation phase which produces gametes ground by a stalk called the seta.
and sporophyte generation phase which At maturity, the spore capsule raptures
produces the spores, hence show alteration releasing mature spores which are
of generations. carried by wind to land on damp
well sheltered grounds where they
Archegoniurn germinate into young plants of the
Antheridium gametophyte generation.

Rhizoids / Practical activity


Thalus To observe and examine the
Liverwort external structures in a bryophyte
Required materials
- Moss plants, liverwort plants with
Antheridia Spore capsules.
capsule
- Glass slides.

Sew Mounting needles.


Hand lenses.
Archegonia
- Droppers and water.
Procedure followed

(i) Pluck off a moss plant from the moist


Moss plant
carpet like clustered plants.
(ii) Place it on the glass slide.
Fig 1.S: Examples of bryophytes.
(iii) Add a drop of water using the dropper
(ix) Reproduction in bryophytes is as follows: to stop extreme dehydration.
The antheridial (male) stalks and (iv) Observe it under the hand lens.
archegonial (female) stalks can be (v) identify the rhizoids, artheridial and
borne on separate plants. archegonial stalks, sporophyte plant,
Male plants produce stalks which the capsule and the seta.
contain antheridia (antheridium - (vi) Draw a well labelled diagram of the
singular) surrounded by leaves in plant.
which male gametes are produced. (vii) Repeat the same procedure using a
Female plants produce stalks which liverwort plant.
contain archegonia (archegonium -
singular) in which female gametes are (b) Division Pteridophyta
produced, also surrounded by leaves. This comprises a wide variety of small ferns
Antheridia release male gametes to giant ferns.
which swim in water to fertilise the
Characteristic features of pteridophytes
egg in the archegonia.
(i) Their bodies are differentiated into roots,
Fertilisation results into a zygote
stems and leaves but do not produce
which grows into a young sporophyte
flowers.
generation plant, supported and
(ii) They have a well defined vascular system
nourished by the gametophyte.
in the sporophyte generation. It consists
The sporophyte develops a spore
of xylem tissue and phloem tissue.
capsule at maturity. Spores inside

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