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CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE PROJECT ANALYSIS
1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data
through an information system, modelling its process aspects. A DFD is often used
as a preliminary step to create an overview of the system without going into detail,
which can later be elaborated. A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of
information for any process or system. It uses defined symbols like rectangles,
circles and arrows, plus short text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points
and the routes between each destination.
1.1 DFD Level 0
A context diagram is a top level (also known as "Level 0") data flow diagram.
It only contains one process node ("Process 0") that generalizes the function of
the entire system in relationship to external entities. DFD Layers.
A context level DFD is the most basic form of DFD. It aims to show how the
entire system works at a glance. There is only one process in the system and all
the data flows either into or out of this process. Context level DFDs
demonstrates the interactions between the process and external entities.
They do not contain Data Stores.
We have a made a DFD level 0 for our project Online teaching portal (fig 3.1)
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Fig 3.1 DFD Level 0
1.2 DFD Level 1
Level 1 DFDs aim to give an overview of the full system. They look at the system
in more detail. Major processes are broken down into sub-processes. Level 1 DFDs
also identifies data stores that are used by the major processes.
When constructing a Level 1 DFD, we must start by examining the Context Level
DFD. We must break up the single process into its sub-processes. We must then
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pick out the data stores from the text we are given and include them in our DFD.
Like the Context Level DFDs, all entities, data stores and processes must be
labelled. We must also state any assumptions made from the text.
We have a made DFD Level 1 for our project Online teaching portal (Fig3.2)
Figure 3.2 DFD Level 1
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1.3 DFD Level 2
A level 2 data flow diagram (DFD) offers a more detailed look at the processes
that make up an information system than a level 1 DFD does. It can be used to
plan or record the specific makeup of a system.
We have a made a DFD level 2 for our project Online teaching portal (fig 3.3)
Figure 3.3(i) DFD Level 2 (Library)
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2. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
An entity relationship model, also called an entity-relationship (ER) diagram, is a
graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically
used in computing regarding the organization of data within databases or
information systems.
An entity relationship diagram (ERD) basically shows the relationships of entity
sets stored in a database. An entity in this context is a component of data. In other
words, ER diagrams illustrate the logical structure of databases.
At first glance, an entity relationship diagram looks very much like a flowchart. It
has the specialized symbols, and the meanings of those symbols, that make it
unique.
Common Entity Relationship Diagram Symbols
An ER diagram is a means of visualizing how the information a system produces is
related. There are five main components of an ERD:
Entities, which are represented by rectangles. An entity is an object or
concept about which you want to store information.
ENTITY
A weak entity is an entity that must defined by a foreign key relationship
with another entity as it cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes alone.
WEAK ENTITY
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Actions, which are represented by diamond shapes, show how two entities
share information in the database.
RELATIONSHIP
Attributes, which are represented by ovals. A key attribute is the unique,
distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example, an employee's social
security number might be the employee's key attribute.
A multivalued attribute can have more than one value. For example,
employee entity can have multiple skill values..
A derived attribute is based on another attribute. For example, an
employee's monthly salary is based on the employee's annual salary
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Connecting lines, solid lines that connect attributes to show the
relationships of entities in the diagram.
ER Diagram Uses:
When documenting a system or process, looking at the system in multiple ways
increases the understanding of that system. ERD diagrams are commonly used in
conjunction with a data flow diagram to display the contents of a data store. They
help us to visualize how data is connected in a general way, and are particularly
useful for constructing a relational database
We have a made ER Diagram for our project Online teaching portal (Fig3.4)
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Figure 3.4 ER DIAGRAM
3. DATABASES
A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection
of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are typically
organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring
information, such as modelling the
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availability of courses in portal is a way that supports finding a courses and
relevant topics.
databases can be maintained by various tools but in out project we are using MY
SQL to manage database.
We are including the following databases in our project which will help us to
maintain records of necessary data:
1) User table
Field Field Field Type Size (No Of Description
Name Code Characters)
Serial s_no Numeric Autoincrement Serial wise list
Number of users
User user_na Alphanumeric 30 Name of the
Name me users
Users email_id Alphanumeric 30 Email id of the
Email Id users
Mobile mobile_n Numeric 10 Mobile number
Number o of the user
Set password Alphanumeric 10 Password
Password
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Gender gender Enum(Male,Female) 20 It can have the
value male or
female
Table 3.1 User Database Specifications
2) Course
Field Name Field Code Field Type Size (No Of Description
Characters)
Topic ID topic_id Alphanumeric 20 Id of specified
topics
Topic Name topic_name Alphanumeric 20 Names of the
topics/contents
Table 3.2 Course Database Specifications
3) Feedback
Field Field Code Field Type Size (No Of Description
Name Characters)
User Name user_name Alphanumeric 30 Name of the
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sender(user)
Users email_id Alphanumeric 10 Email id of the
Email Id sender (user)
Message message Alphanumeric 500 Feedback/suggestion
of the user
Table 3.3 Feedback Database Specifications
4. Admin Login
Field Name Field Code Field Type Size (No Of Description
Characters)
Admin ID Admin_id Alphanumeric 30 ID of admin
Admin password Alphanumeric 10 Password
Password
5. VALIDATION SPECIFICATIONS TABLE
Form Field Validation Rules
Empty field validation
User email id must be 15 to 40
User Email ID characters long
Login
Not valid email id
It should have @ and . in it
Password Empty field validation
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password must be 8 to 10 characters
long
Empty field validation
Full name must be 9 to 30 characters
Full Name
long
Full name shall not have any symbols
Empty field validation
Email format validation
User Email ID Email-id already exists
Not valid email id
It should have @ and . in it
Empty field validation
Mobile number should be 10 digits
Registration
Mobile long
number It should not have any alphabets or
symbols
Empty fields validation
Password should be same and 8 to 10
Set Password characters long
Uppercase and lowercase must be
concerned
Empty fields validation
Gender
One option should be selected from
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two radio buttons i.e male, female
Empty fields validation
One option should be selected from
Category
three radio buttons i.e student, teacher,
admin
Empty fields validation Not valid
email id
Users Email It should have @ and . in it
Reset Password
ID Email ID must be 15 to 40 characters
long and must be same in database
Table 3.4 Validation Specifications
