ne Operating and Service Manual HP 435B Power Meter :' : ““Gnctuding Options 001,002, 003, and 004) ‘SERIAL NUMBERS Attached to the rear panel of the instrument is a serial number-plate. ‘The serial number is in the form: 0000A00000. The first four and the letter are the serial number prefix. The last five digits are the suffix. The prefix is the samie for identical instruments; it changes only when a configuration change is made to the instrumentt, The suffix, however, is assigned sequentially and ié different for each instrument. ‘This manual applies directly to instruments with serial numbers prefixed 23424 and 2342U. With changes described in Chapter 7, this manual also applies to instruments with serial numbers prefixed 2005A, 2041U, 2238A, 24410 and above. For additional important information about serial numbers, see “Instruments Covered By Manual” in Chapter 1. py HEWLETT PACKARD HP Part No, 00435-90055 @ HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 1980, 1983, 1984, 1991 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CaltorniaNOTICE ‘The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. HEWLETT-PACKARD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO ‘THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequencial damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. WARRANTY A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office. Herstellerbescheinigung, Hiermit wird bescheinigt, da dieses Gerat/System in Ubereinstimmung mit den Bestimmungen von Postverfiigung 1046/84 funkentstart ist. Der Deutschen Bundespost wurde das Inverkehrbringen dieses Gerites/System angezeigt und die Berechtigung zur Uberpriifung der Serie auf Einhaltung der Bestimmungen eingeriumt. ‘Zusatzinformation fir Me8- und Testger Werden Mef- und Testgerate mit ungeschirmten Kabeln und/oder in offenen Mefanfbauten verwendet so ist vom Betreiber sicherzustellen, dafdie Funkentstérbedingungen unter Betriebsbedingungen an seiner Grundstiicksgrenze eingehalten werden. Manufacturer's Declaration This is to certify that this equipment is in accordance with the Radio Interference Requirements of Directive FTZ 1046/1984. The German Bundespost was notified that this equipment was put into circulation, and has been granted the right to check the equipment type for compliance with these requirements. Note: If test and measurement equipment is operated with unshielded cables and/or used for measurements in open setups, the user must ensure that under these operating conditions, the radio frequency interference limits are me at the border of his premises.Contents 1. General Information Introduction a: ee od Tnstruments Covered by Manual |)... a Manual Changes Supplement ......... 1 Replaceable Parts 2... 2... eee 1 Description 13 16 16 Tape Ontpat|Optionsy es ne ern 16 Accessories Supplied... 2... 0.0. 16 Equipment Required But Not Supplied ..... 16 Equipment Available... 2... ..-.- 16 Recommended Test Equipment . . . eed Safety Considerations... .... boooue 17 2. Installation Introduction... ee 2 Initial Inspection... 22... ee ee 21 Preparation for Use... 2. 21 Storage and Shipment... ......-... 28 3. Operation Introduction ©. 2 ee 31 Panel Features 2... eee eH Operator’s Checks 2. 2-22 eee 31 Operating Instructions ©... ........ 31 Power Measurement Accuracy ......... 32 Operator’s Maintenance... - 2... 35 Operator’s Checks . . eo vee 8B Operating Instructions 2.0... ee. 30 Specified Uncertainty Calculation. |... 312 Calculating Measurement Uncertainty... . #13 Calculating Measurement Uncertainty (Uncertainty in aBKnown). 2.2... ee ee 316 Contents-14. 5 8. Contents-2 Performance Tests Introduction... . . . Equipment Required... Test Record... . . See ee eee ee Performance Tests. Power Reference Level Test ....-..~ Zero Carryover Test : Instrumentation Accuracy Test with Calibrator | | | Calibration Factor Test ©. 2... ee ee ee Adjustments Introduction... . Safety Considerations . Equipment Required Factory Selected Components .... 2... Adjustment Locations. 2... ......-. Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment ‘Typical Calculations Multivibrator Adjustment Power Meter Adjustments with 509 Power Sensor Power Meter Adjustments with Calibrator . Replaceable Parts Introduction. Abbreviations. . Replaceable Parts List 11... Boone Factory Selected Parts (*).. 2. 2 ee Ordering Instructions 2s Parts Provisioning : Manual Changes Introduction. 2. ee Manual Changes... 2... eee Manual Change Instructions... . 5 Service Introduction... 2... Safety Considerations |) lll Service Sheets 2.2... ee ee Recommended Test Equipment... ...... Repair oe General Service Information |)... 8 Service Sheet 1... . Service Sheet2. 0.2... 2c ee eee Service Sheet 3.2... eee Service Sheet 4.0.2.2... 02. ae Service Sheet 5 41 41 41 41 42 45 ar 49 Bl Bl 52 52 52 53 BB 36 58 S11 61 G1 61 62 62 62 Ta aw Ta gl a1 82 &4 84 S11 817 827 835 8-41a4. 21 22, 23. 24. 25. 34. 32. 33. 41. 42. 43. 44, BL. 52. 53. B4, 55. B1. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 8:10. S11. 8:12. 8:13. 814. 815. * Changing Range Switch Scale HP 435B Power Meter and Accessories Supplied Line Voltage Selection. . . . . Power Cables and Line (Mains) Plug Options Battery Installation Bees Power Meter with Battery Installed... . . . Front Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators Rear Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators ‘Worst Case Effects of Specified and Mismatch Uncertainties (Values From Examples on Page 3-12 and 3-14) Power Reference Level Test Setup... .... Zero Carryover Test Setup. . . Instrumentation Accuracy Test Setup with Calibrator Calibration Factor Test Setup... . Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment Setup Multivibrator Adjustment Setup... 2... 220 Hz Zero Crossover... Power Meter Adjustment Setup with 509 Power Sensor Power Meter Adjustment Setup with Calibrator ‘Ad Assembly Extended for Service... . . Non-lnverting Amplifier (Gain Non-inverting Amplifier (Gain = Inverting Amplifier (Gain Schematic Diagram Notes .... 2.2... Troubleshooting Block Diagram ........ Multivibrator/Detector Waveforms AS Mother Board Component Locations . . P/O Assembly (AC Ampl/Sync Detector) Component Locations... .... .. P/O Ad Assembly (AC Ampl/Sync Detector) Schematic Diagram 2... 0... oe Al Switch Assembly Component Locations P/O A4 Assembly (DC Ampl/Auto Zero) Component Locations... 1.2... -- P/O Assembly (DC Ampl/Auto Zero) Schematic Diagram oe ee eee P/O Ad Assembly (Power Supply) Component Locatios...- 2... - ee ee ee P/0 Ad Assembly (Power Supply) Schematic it Wepeceodobouans . 12 22 23 24 26 27 36 37 3-15 42 45 47 49 53 56 57 511 8:25 8:25 831 8:33, 8:33 8:39 8:398-16. A3 Power Reference Assembly Component Locations 8-45 8-17. A3 Power Reference Assembly Schematic Diagram 8-45 8-18. HP 435B Front and Rear Panel Views... . . « S47 8-19, HP 435B Top and Bottom Views. ....... 848 8-20. HP 435B Right and Left Views . 849 Tables Jl. Specifications 2... 22. ee 14 1-2. Recommended Test Equipment . 18 41. Performance Test Record (1 of 2) 411 5-1. Factory Selected Components 52 7-1. Manual Changes by Serial Number... .. . T 8-1. Etched Circuit Soldering Equipment ../.. . 8-5 82. Assembly, Chassis and Adjustable Components Locations. ©... ee ee wae 8-43 ntents-4HP 4358 Safety Considerations Safety Considerations Warning @ This product and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety markings and instructions before operation. ‘This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal). Before Applying Power Verify that the product is set to match the available line voltage and the correct fuse is installed. Safety Earth Ground ‘An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor (inside or outside the instrument) or disconnecting the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury. (Grounding one conductor of a two conductor outlet is not sufficient protection.) In addition, verify that a common ground exists between the unit under test and this instrument prior to energizing either unit. Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation. If this instrument is to be energized via an autotransformer (for voltage reduction) make sure the common terminal is connected to neutral (that is, the grounded side of the mains supply). Servicing instructions are for use by service-trained personnel only. To avoid dangerous electric shock, do not perform any servicing unless qualified to do so. Adjustments described in the manual are pertormed with power ‘supplied to the instrument while protective covers are removed. Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury. Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument has been disconnected from its source of supply. For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the fine fuse(s) only with 250V fuse(s) of the same current rating and type (for example, normal blow, time delay, etc.). Do not use repaired fuses or short circuited fuseholders.Safety Considerations, Waring gy Caution e HP 4358 Safety Symbols AX, issiraction manual symbol: The product will be marked ‘with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer +o the instruction manual (see Table of Contents for page references). Indicates hazardous voltages. abe Indicates earth (ground) terminal ‘The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. ‘The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.General Information Introduction Instruments Covered by Manual Manual Changes ‘Supplement Replaceable Parts ‘This manual provides information for the installation, operation, testing, adjustment and maintenance of the HP 435B Power Meter. Figure 1-1 shows the power meter with accessories supplied. An operating manual is shipped with the instrument. This is simply a copy of the first three sections of this manual. The operating manual should be kept with the instrument for use by the operator. Additional copies of the operating manual may be ordered separately through your nearest Hewlett-Packard office. The part number is listed on the title page of this manual. Instrument specifications are listed in Table 1-1. These specifications are the performance standards or limits against which the instrument may be tested. Options 001, 002, 003 and 004 of the power meter are documented in this manual. The differences are noted in the appropriate location such as Options in Chapter 1, the Replaceable Parts List, and the schematic diagrams. This instrument has a two-part serial number. The first four digits and the letter comprise the serial number prefix. The last five digits form the sequential suffix that is unique to each instrument. The contents of this manual apply directly to instruments having the same serial number prefix(es) listed under “SERIAL NUMBERS” on the title page. ‘An instrument manufactured after the printing of a manual may have a serial number prefix not listed on the title page. Unlisted serial number prefixes indicate that the manual for such an instrument has deen amended with a distinctive yellow Manual Changes supplement containing updated technical information. In addition to updated information, Manual Changes supplements may also provide corrections to errors in manuals. Manual Changes supplements are keyed to a manual’s print date and part number, both of which appear on the title page. In the U.S.A., it is better to order directly from the HP Parts Center. Contact your nearest HP sales office for more information. Also, your nearest HP office can supply toll-free telephone numbers for ordering parts and supplies.General information HP 4358 MODEL 4358 e ALIGNMENT TOOL POWER CABLE POWER SENSOR CABLE Figure 1-1. HP 4358 Power Meter and Accessories SuppliedHP 4358. Description General Information ‘The power meter and a compatible power sensor are interconnected with the power sensor cable to form a power measurement system. The system power level range, frequency response, and load impedance are dependent on the power sensor. Accuracy of the power measurement system is ensured by the following power meter characteristics: a. An internal automatic zeroing circuit which removes error due to the ambient temperature output of the power sensor’s power sensing device. , A calibration factor-adjustment which accounts for error due to the frequency response of the power sensing device. ¢. An internal calibration reference which has an output of 1 mW £0.7% (500). 13General Information HP 4358 Table 1-1. Specifications FREQUENCY Frequency Range: 100 ki to 26.5 GHz (depending on power sensor used). POWER Power Range: (Meter calibrated in watts and dBm.) ‘With HP 8481B or 84828 sensors: ‘With HP 8481H or 8482H sensors: ‘With HP 8481A, 8482A, 8483A. or 8485A sensors: 44 aB with 9 full scale ranges of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 80, 35, 40 and 45 dBm (1 mW to 25W). 45 4B with 9 full scale ranges of 4Bm (80 AW to 3W). 50 4B with 10 full scale ranges of ~25, 15 and 20 dBm (3 pW to 100 mW). 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 85 20, —15, 10, -5, 0, 5, 10, ‘With HP 8484A sensor: 50 dB with 10 full scale ranges of ~65, ~60, 55, 50, ~45, —40, . 85, —80, ~25 and —20 dBm (300 pW to 10 wW). ACCURACY Instrnmentation!: % of fll scale on all ranges. Zero: Automatic, operated by front-panel switch. Zero Set: £0.5% of full seale on most sensitive range, typical. Zero Carryover: £0.59 of full seale when zeroed on the most sensitive range. Noise: (Typical, at constant temperature, peak change over any Jone-minute interval.) HP 84844 20 pW HP 8481A, 8482A, 8483A, 84854. 40 aw HP 84818, 84821 4 Ww HEP 84818, 84828 40 pW Drift: (1 hour, typical, at constant temperature after 24-hour warm-up) HP 8484A 40 pW HIP 8481A, 8482A, 8483A, 84854 15 0W [HP 84818, 84821 15 uW HP 84818, 84828 15 ew 1 Includes sensor non-linearity. Add 42,-4% on top two ranges when using the HP S481A, S482A, 453A and S4S5A power sensors: dd 24.0% on the top two ranges when using the HP 8481H and 8482H power sensors. 14HP 4358 General Information Table 1-1. Specifications (continued) Power Reference: ‘Internal 50 MHz oscillator with Type N Female connector on front [panel (or rear panel, Option 008 only). Power output: 1.00 mW Factory set to 20.7% traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. Accuracy: £1.2% worst case (0.9% rss) for one year (0 to 55°C) ‘Response Time: (0 to 99% of reading, five time constants.) Range 1 (most sensitive) -<10.0 seconds Range 2 <8.8 seconds Range 3 <1 seconds Ranges 410 <500 milliseconds ‘Typical, measured at recorder output. Cal Factor: 16-position switch normalizes meter reading to account for calibration factor or effective efficiency. Range 85% to 100% in 19 steps. Cal Adjustment: Front panel adjustment provides capability to adjust gain of meter to match power sensor in use. Recorder Output: Proportional to indicated power with 1 volt corresponding to full scale; 1 KS output impedance; BNC connector. ‘RF Blanking Output: Provides a contact closure to ground when autosero mode is engaged. ‘Power Consumption: 100, 120, 220, or 240V +5%, ~10% 100 and 120 volts, 48 to 66 Hz and 360440 Hz 220 and 240 volts, 48 to 66 Bz 20 VA maximum Weight: Net, 2.7 kg (5.9 Ibs) 155 mm high (63; inches) 130 mm wide (5 inches) 279 ma deep (11 inches) 15General Information Options Input-Output Options Accessories Supplied 16 Equipment Required But Not Supplied Equipment Available HP 4358. Battery The HP 435B Power Meter, Option 001 is supplied with a rechargeable battery that provides up to 16 hours continuous operation from a full charge. If the power meter was purchased without the battery option, it may be ordered in kit form under HP part number 00435-60012. The kit includes the battery, the battery clamp, a 6-32 by } inch pan head machine screw and installation instructions. Option 002 A rear panel input connector is connected in parallel with the front panel input connector. Option 003 A rear panel input connector is connected in parallel with the front panel input connector. A rear panel POWER REF OUTPUT connector replaces the standard front panel connector. Option 004 The 1.5 meter (5 ft.) power sensor cable is not shipped with the power meter. ‘The accessories supplied with the power meter are shown in Figure 1-1. a. The HP 11730A, 1.5 meter (5-foot) power sensor cable is used to couple the power sensor to the power meter. The 1.5 meter cable is omitted when Option 004 is ordered. b. The line power cable may be supplied in several configurations. Refer to the paragraph entitled “Power Cable” in Chapter 2. ‘To form 2 complete RF power measurement system a power sensor such as the HP 8481A must be connected to the power meter via the power sensor cable. ‘The HP 11683A Range Calibrator is recommended for performance testing, adjusting and troubleshooting the power meter. The power meter’s range-to-range accuracy and auto-zero operation can easily be verified with the calibrator. It also has the capability of supplying @ full-scale test signal for each range. An extender board (HP part number 5060-0630) may be used to place the Ad assembly printed circuit board in a position that allows easy access to test points and components.HP 4358 ‘The following table lists the power sensor cable accessories and their General Information lengths that are available for use with the power meter. Order option 004 if the standard 1.5 meter cable is not desired with a cable accessory. Power Sensor Cable Accessory Cable Length HP 117308 3.1m (10 ft) HP 117300 6.1m (20 ft) HP 11730D 15.2m (50 ft) ‘HP 11730E 0.5m (100 ft) BP 11730F 61.0m (200 ft) Recommended Test The test equipment shown in Table 1-2 is recommended for use during Equipment performance testing, adjustments and troubleshooting. To ensure optimum performance of the power meter, the specifications of a substitute instrument must equal or exceed the critical specifications shown in the table. Safety Considerations The power meter is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal). This instrument has been designed according to international safety standards and has been supplied in safe condition. +7Beneral information HP 4356 Table 1-2. Recommended Test Equipment Instrument Type Critical Specifications Suggested Use! Model Digital Voltmeter | Function: DC, Resistance HP 34554 PA,T Ranges: Resistance: 2002 ‘Vae: 100 mV, 1000 mV, 10V, 100V 10 MQ input impedance 54 digit resolution Accuracy: 40.05% of reading 0.028% of range Frequency Counter | Frequency Range: 200 Hz ~ 50 MHz EP 53144 A pee OO ee Accuracy: 0.01% Oscilloscope Bandwidth: de to 50 MHz HP 17404 PAT, ‘Vertical sensitivity: 0.2 V/division Horizontal sensitivity: 1 ms/division Power Meter ‘Range: capability to measure 1 mW HP 4324, PA ‘Transfer Accuracy (input to output): 0.2% Power Sensor | Range: capability to measure 1 mW HP 8481A/H or HP 8482A/H | P, A Range Calibrator EP 116834. /Thermistor Mount | SWR: 1.05 at 50 Mz HP 478A - H75 or 478A - 762] P, A Accuracy: £0.5% at 50 MHz 18 1 P= Performance Tests; 2 Traceable so NIST. = Adjustments; T = Troubleshooting,Installation 2 Introduction Initial Inspection Warning G Preparation for Use This section includes information on the initial inspection, preparation for use, and storage and shipment instructions for the power meter. To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer enclosure (covers and panels). Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of ‘the shipment have been checked for completeness and the instrument has been checked mechanically and electrically. The contents of the shipment should be as shown in Figure 1-1. Procedures for checking electrical performance are given in Chapter 4. Ifthe contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect, or if the instrument does not pass the electrical performance tests, notify the nearest Hewlett-Packard office. If the shipping container is damaged, or the cushioning material shows signs of stress, notify the carrier as well as the Hewlett-Packard office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier's inspection. Meter Zeroing With the LINE switch set to OFF, the meter pointer should be positioned directly over zero. If necessary, insert a screwdriver into ‘the mechanical meter zero control (beneath the meter) and align the pointer with zero. Back the adjustment off slightly. The backlash in the control ensures against a meter indication error caused by jarring the instrument. Range Switch Scale Selection ‘The RANGE switch has three scales on two removable rings which correspond to the measurement capabilities of compatible power sensors. The range scales are 3 W to 0.3 mW (+35 to -5 dBm), 100 mW to 3 :.W(+20 to -25 dBm) and 10 pW to 0.3 nW (—20 to ~65 dBm). Each scale listed indicates the maximum and minimum full scale meter readings. To select the correct RANGE switch knob assembly scale (see Figure 2-1): 24Warning @ HP 4358 Figure 2-1. Changing Range Switch Scale a. Unscrew the outer (black) knob by turning it counterclockwise. ‘Then, remove the outer knob. b. Remove the two scale rings. c. Determine which of the three scales is to be used. 4. Place the other scale ring on the knob assembly. e. Place the selected ring on the knob assembly with the selected scale out. £, Line up the tabs of the scale rings with the slot in the knob assembly. g. Hold the scale rings in place with your fingers. Thread the outer knob onto the knob assembly. Lightly tighten the knob. For the following HP instruments (8484, 8481D, 8485D, and 8487D) ting replacement, order HP part no. 0350-0148. For HP instrument (8482B), order HP part no. 0350-0153. Power Requirements ‘The power meter requires @ power source with an output of 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac +5%, -10% single phase, 100 and 120 volts, 48 to 66 Hz and 360 to 440 Hz, 220 and 240 volts, 48 to 66 Hz. Power consumption is 20 VA maximum. If this instrument is to be energized via an external autotransformer, make sure the autotransformer common terminal is connected to the earth terminal of the power source.HP 4353. Caution e Warning gy Installation Line Voltage Selection BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT, make sure the instrument is set to the voltage of the power source. Figure 2-2 provides instructions for line voltage and fuse selection. The line voltage selection card and proper fuse are factory installed for 120 ‘Vac operation. Fuses may be ordered as: Fuse HP Part Number 0.1 A, 250 V slow blow (100/120 Vac) 2110-0234 0.062'A, 250 V slow blow (220/240 Vac) 22110-0311 Operating voltage is shown in module window. SELECTION OF OPERATING VOLTAGE 1. Open cover door, pull the FUSE PULL lever and rotate to eft. Remove the fuse. 2. Remove the Line Voltage Selection Card. Postion the ard fo the ine voltage appears at topeft commer, Puth the card firaly ino the sot. ‘3. Rotate the FUSE PULL lever to its normal potion. Insert ‘fuse of he correct vali the holder Close the cover oor. Figure 2-2. Line Voltage Selection To avoid the possibility of hazardous electrical shock, do not operate this instrument at line voltages greater than 126.5 Vac with ine frequencies greater than 66 Hz (leakage currents at these line settings may exceed 3.5 mA), Power Cable In accordance with international safety standards, this instrument is equipped with a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate ac power receptacle, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet. The type of power cable plug shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination. Refer to Figure 2-3 for the part numbers of the power cable plugs available. 23Installation 24 Warning G HP 4358, BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT, the protective earth terminals of this instrument must be connected to the protective ‘conductor of the (Mains) power cord. The Mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord (power cable) without a protective conductor (grounding). ‘Option 908 warTeD incon Option 383 Option 312 option sie Figure 2-3. Power Cables and Line (Mains) Plug Options Interconnections ‘The power meter and a power sensor are integral parts of this measurement system. Before measurements can be performed, the power meter and sensor must be connected together with the power sensor cable. (The cable is supplied with the power meter.) ‘The power sensor cable couples the dc supply and sampling gate drive from the power meter to the power sensor and the 220 Hz ac output signal from the power sensor to the power meter.HP 4356 Caution e Installation ‘The maximum voltage which may be safely coupled to the power meter input from the power sensor is 18 mVrms. Operating Environment ‘The operating environment should be within the following limitations: ‘Temperature . 0 to 55°C Humidity . ++ <95% relative at 40°C Altitude. . 4570 meters (15 000 feet) Bench Operation The instrument cabinet has plastic feet and a foldaway tilt stand for convenience in bench operation. (The plastic feet are shaped to ensure self aligning of the instruments when stacked.) The tilt stand raises the front of the instrument for easier viewing of the control panel. Rack Mounting Instruments that are narrower than full rackwidth may be rack-mounted using Hewlett-Packard adapter frames or combining cases. ‘Adaptor Frames. Hewlett-Packard accessory adaptor frames are an economical means of rack mounting instruments that are narrower than full rack-width. A set of spacer clamps, supplied with each adaptor frame, permits instruments of different dimensions to be combined and rack mounted as a unit. Accessory blank panels are available for filling unused spaces. Combining Cases. HP 1051A and 1052A Combining Cases are metal enclosures that allow combinations of one-third and one-half rack-width instruments to be assembled for use on a workbench or for mounting in a rack of standard 19-inch spacing. Each case includes a set of partitions for positioning and retaining instruments and a rack mounting kit. No tools are required for installing the partitions. For bench use the cases have the same convenient features as full rackwidth instruments, (for example, fold-away tilt stands and specially designed feet for easier instrument stacking). Accessories available for the combining cases include blank filler panels and snap-on full width control panel covers. Battery Operation To operate the power meter on battery power, the battery must be installed and charged, the line power cable must be disconnected, and the LINE switch must be ON. 251stallation Warning y HP 4358 Battery Installation, This task should be performed only by service trained persons who are aware of the potential shock hazard of working on an instrument with protective covers removed. To avoid hazardous electrical shock, the line (Mains) power cable should be disconnected before attempting to install the battery. Do not short the battery terminals. This may result in overheating which ‘can cause burns or increase risk of fire. Do not incinerate or mutilate the battery. It might burst or release toxic materials causing personal injury. ‘The battery is installed in the power meter as follows (see Figure 2-4): Figure 2-4. Battery InstallationHP 4358 Installation a. Remove the top cover. b. Hold the battery above the power meter, parallel to printed circuit, board A4. The battery terminal lugs must face the circuit board. ¢. Loosen the lugs. Move the battery down into place and guide the Ings into the slots on the circuit board. The battery should now rest on the aluminum deck. a. Place the battery clamp over the battery and secure it. The two prongs fit into slots on the rear panel and the & by } inch pan head machine screw holds the forward end of the clamp in place. e. Tighten the battery terminal lugs by hand. Figure 2-5 shows the power meter with battery installed. Figure 2-5. Power Meter with Battery Installed Battery Charging. The battery is being charged if the battery has been installed, the line power cable is connected to the available line power, and the LINE switch is ON. In the fully charged condition, (24-hour charge time), the battery will supply power for a minimum of 16 hours. 27nstallation Storage and Shipment 28 HP 4358 Environment ‘The instrument should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following environmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment: 55 to +75°C <95% relative at 40°C <15 300 meters (50 000 feet) ‘Temperature Humidity . Altitude Packaging Tagging for Service. If the instrument is being returned to Hewlett-Packard for service, please complete one of the blue repair tags located at the end of this manual and attach it to the instrument. Original Packaging. Containers and materials identical to those used in factory packaging are available through Hewlett-Packard offices. If the instrument is being returned to Hewlett-Packard for servicing, attach a tag indicating the type of service required, return address, model number and full serial number. Mark the container FRAGILE to ensure careful handling. Refer to the instrument by model number and full serial number in any correspondence. Other Packaging. The following general instructions should be used for re-packaging with commercially available materials: a. Wrap the instrument in heavy paper or plastic. (If shipping to a Hewlett-Packard office or service center, attach a tag indicating the type of service required, return address, model number and full serial number.) b. Use a strong shipping container. A doublewall carton made of 2.4 MPa (350 pound) test material is adequate. c. Use a layer of shock-absorbing material 70 to 100 mm (3 to 4 inches) thick around all sides of the instrument to provide firm cushioning and prevent movement inside the container. Protect the control panel with cardboard. 4. Seal the shipping container securely. e. Mark the shipping container FRAGILE to ensure careful handling. {. In any correspondence, refer to the instrument by model number and full serial number.Operation Introduction Panel Features Operator's Checks Note g Operating Instructions Warning G This section provides complete operating instructions for the power meter. The instructions cover: panel features 1 operator’s checks = operating instructions m power measurement accuracy = operator’s maintenance Front and rear panel features of the power meter are described in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2. These figures contain a detailed description of the controls, indicators and connectors. If the instrument does not operate properly and is being returned to Hewlett-Packard for service, please complete one of the blue repair tags located at the end of this manual and attach it to the instrument. Upon receipt of the instrument, or to check the power meter for an indication of normal operation, follow the operational procedures in the “Operator’s Checks” section. These checks are designed to familiarize the operator with the power meter and to provide an understanding of the operating capabilities. General operating instructions are listed in the “Operating Instructions” section. The instructions will familiarize the operator ‘with the basic practices used when operating the power meter. ‘Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor (inside or outside the instrument) or disconnecting the protective earth terminal is likely to make this instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is, prohibited.eration Power Measurement Accuracy HP 4358. ‘A power measurement is never free from error or uncertainty. Any RF system has RF losses, mismatch losses, mismatch uncertainty, instrumentation uncertainty and calibration uncertainty. Measurement errors as high as 50% are not only possible, they are highly likely unless the error sources are understood and, as much as possible, eliminated. ‘Sources of Error and Measurement Uncertainty RF Losses. Some of the RF power that enters the power sensor is not dissipated in the power sensing elements. This RF loss is caused by dissipation in the walls of waveguide power sensors, in the center conductor of coaxial power sensors, in the dielectric of capacitors, connections within the sensor and radiation losses. Mismatch. The result of mismatched impedances between the device under test and the power sensor is that some of the power fed to the sensor is reflected before it is dissipated in the load. Mismatches affect the measurement in two ways. First, the initial reflection is a simple loss and is called mismatch loss. Second, the power reflected from the sensor mismatch travels back up the transmission line until it reaches, the source. There, most of it is dissipated in the source impedance, but some of it is re-refiected by the source mismatch. The re-reflected power returns to the power sensor and adds to, or subtracts from, the incident power. For all practical purposes, the effect the re-reflected power has upon the power measurement is unpredictable. This effect is called mismatch uncertainty. Instrumentation Uncertainty. Instrumentation uncertainty describes the ability of the metering circuits to accurately measure the dc output from the power sensor's power sensing device. In the power meter, this error is less than 1%}. It is important to realize, however, that a 1% meter does not automatically give 1% overall measurement accuracy. Power Reference Uncertainty. The uncertainty of the output level of the power reference oscillator is +0.7%. This reference is normally used to calibrate the system and is, therefore, a part of the system’s total measurement uncertainty. Cal Factor Switch Resolution Error. The resolution of the CAL FACTOR switch contributes a significant error to the total measurement because the switch has 1% steps. The maximum error possible in each position is 0.5% 2 Refer to Instrument accuracy specification in Chapter 1 when using the top ‘two ranges.HP 4358, Operation Corrections for Error Calibration Factor and Effective Efficiency. The two correction factors basic to power meters are calibration factor and effective efficiency. Effective efficiency is the correction factor for RF losses within the power sensor. Calibration factor takes into account the effective efficiency and mismatch losses. Calibration factor is expressed as a percentage with 100% meaning the power sensor has no losses. Normally the calibration factor will be 100% at 50 MHz, the operating frequency of the internal reference oscillator. The power sensors used with the power meter have individually calibrated calibration factor curves placed on their covers. To correct for RF and mismatch losses, simply find the power sensor's calibration factor at the measurement frequency from the curve or the table that is supplied with the power sensor, and set the CAL FACTOR switch to this value. ‘The CAL FACTOR switch resolution error of 0.5% may be reduced by one of the following methods: 1. Set the CAL FACTOR switch to the nearest positions above and below the correction factor given on the table. Interpolating between ‘the power levels measured provides the corrected power level. 2. Leave the CAL FACTOR switch on 100% after calibration. Then, make the measurement and record the reading. Use the reflection coefficient, magnitude and phase angle, if such a table is supplied with the power sensor, to calculate the corrected power level. Calculating Worst Case Uncertainty ‘Worst case uncertainty is the sum of the specified uncertainties and mismatch uncertainty. Uncertainty calculation is outlined in the following two subsections. Examples are worked out in the “Specified Uncertainty Calculation” section and the “Calculating Measurement Uncertainty” section. For a more complete explanation of measurement uncertainty refer to HP application note AN-64-1 “Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurement” 33'peration HP 4358 Specified Uncertainties, The specified uncertainties which account for part of the total power measurement uncertainty are: a. Instrumentation +1%" or £0.05 dB. b. Power reference +0.7% or +0.03 4B. c. CAL FACTOR switch resolution, 0 to 40.5% (depending on Cal Factor). 4, Zero set, 40.5% of full scale of lowest range which is 15 nW. e. Zero Carryover, £0.5%. £. Noise and Drift, depends on the range and type of sensor. g. Calibration factor uncertainty, which depends on sensor type, is Uisted in the sensor manual. ‘The “Specified Uncertainty Calculation” section gives an example of specified uncertainty calculation. Calculating Mismatch Uncertainty. Mismatch uncertainty is the result of the source mismatch interacting with the power sensor mismatch. The magnitude of uncertainty is related to the magnitudes of the source and power sensor reflection coefficients, which can be calculated from SWR. The “Calculating Measurement Uncertainty” section shows how the calculations are made and Figure 3-3 illustrates mismatch uncertainty and total calculated uncertainty for two cases. In the first, case, the power sensor’s SWR = 1.5, and in the second case, the power sensor’s SWR = 1.25. In both cases the source has an SWR of 2.0. The example shows the effect on power measurement accuracy a poorly matched power sensor will have as compared to one with low mismatch. ‘A faster, easier way to find mismatch uncertainty is to use the HP Mismatch Error (uncertainty) Limits/Reflectometer Calculator. The calculator may be obtained, on request, from your nearest Hewlett-Packard office by using HP part number 5952-0948. The method of calculating measurement uncertainty from the uncertainty in 4B is shown in the “Calculating Measurement Uncertainty (Uncertainty in dB Known)” section. This method would be used when the initial uncertainty calculations were made with the Mismatch Error/Refiectometer Calculator. 2 Refer to Instrument accuracy specification in Chapter 1 when using the top two ranges.HP 4358, Operator’s Maintenance Caution 6 Warning @ Operation ‘The only maintenance responsibilities the operator should normally perform are primary power fuse replacement, LINE switch lamp replacement and rechargeable battery replacement. Battery replacement is the only operation that requires tools. A. Posidrive screwdriver is needed to remove the battery clamp. ‘The primary power fuse is found within the A6 Power Module Assembly on the power meter’s rear panel. For instructions on how to ‘change the fuse, refer to the paragraph entitled Line Voltage Selection in Chapter 2. ‘Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type (slow blow, time delay, etc.) are used for replacement. ‘The use of repaired fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse-holders must be avoided. Lamp Replacement The lamp is contained in a plastic lens which doubles for a pushbutton on the LINE switch. When the power meter LINE switch is ON and is being operated by the available line power, the lamp should be illuminated. If the lamp is defective, remove the lens by pulling it straight out. Order lamp (HP part number 3131-0434) CD6 and replace the old pushbutton-lamp assembly with the new one, To replace the assembly, align the pins with the notch in the receptacle and push straight in. Battery Replacement Hf the meter indicates that the battery is discharged by a full downscale reading, and after charging the battery still will only power the power meter for a short period of time, the battery is probably defective. ‘The replacement battery, BT1 (HP part number 1420-0096), may be ordered through the nearest Hewlett-Packard office. Refer to Battery Installation in Chapter 2. This task should be performed only by service trained persons who are ‘aware of the potential shock hazard of working on an instrument with Protective covers removed.dperation HP 4353 @ Meter. Normally indicates average RF power in 4Bm or Watts. During battery operation the meter continuously indicates battery condition. A nor- rmalreading indicates the battery is charged; a full down-scale reading indicates the battery is dis charged or is defective. @ Moter Zero. Mechanical adjustment used to zerothe meter when the LINE switch is OFF. © LINE switch. Connects line or battery power to the Power Meter circuits when the LINE switch is ON. During battery operation, the lamp contained within the LINE switch will not be illuminated when the INSTRUMENT is ON. AANGE Switch. Selects desired power range: keyed to meter full-scale deflection; has three removable scales which are changed to match the range of the power sensor. (© POWER REF OUTPUT. RF output of 1.00 mW 40.70% into 500 at 50 MHz from an internal reference oscillator. Available for system calibration. CAL ADS. Screwdriver adjustment for calibrating any power sensor and Power Meter as a system, t0 a known standard. @ input Connector. tnput from the power sensor via the power sensor cable. © CALFACTOR Switch. changes the gain of the Power Meter amplifier circuits to compensate for mis- match losses and effective efficiency of the power © zn0 switch. The ZERO switch activates a feed back circuit, which automatically zeros the meter pointer, and a rear panel RF blanking signal. Figure 3-1. Front Panel Controls, Connectors and IndicatorsHP 4358. Operation (@ POWER SENSOR INPUT. Option 002 and 003 have a rear panel input connector wired in parallel with the front panel input connector. © Power Module Assembly. © Window. safety interlock; fuse cannot be removed while power cable is connected to Power Meter. Q FUSE PULL Handle. Mechanical interlock to guar- antee fuse has been removed before Line Voltage Selection Card can be removed. @ Fuse. Refer to Section II for values. @ Line Voltage Selection Card. Matches transformer primary to available line voltage. @ Receptacle. For power cable connection to avail- able line voltage. © POWER REF OUTPUT. Takes the place of the front panel POWER REF OUTPUT connector (Option 008 only) © RECORDER OUTPUT. Provides a linear output with respect tothe input power. +1.00 Vde corresponds tometer full-scale. The minimum load which may be coupled to the output is 1 Ma. @ FF BLANKING QUTPUT. Contact closure to ground when ZERO switch is pressed. May be used to remove RF input signal during automatic zeroing operation, @ POWER REF Switch. Opens or closes the circuit from the power supply tothe power reference oscil- lator. Reduces current drain during battery opera- tion when OFF. Figure 3-2, Rear Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators a7Operation HP 4358 Operator’s Checks 1, BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT, check that the power transformer primary is matched to the available line voltage, the correct fuse is installed and the safety precautions are taken. See “Power Requirements”, “Line Voltage Selection”, “Power Cable” and associated warnings and cautions in Chapter 2. Warning G BEFORE CONNECTING LINE POWER TO THIS INSTRUMENT, ensure that all devices connected to this instrument are connected to the protective (earth) ground. BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT, ensure that the line power (Mains) plug is connected to a three-conductor line power outlet that has a protective (earth) ground. (Grounding one conductor of a two-conductor outlet is not sufficient.) Caution Do not twist the body of the power sensor when connecting or disconnecting it. This can cause major damage to the power sensor. 2. Set the meter indication to zero with the mechanical meter zero control. Back the control off slightly. 3. Connect the power sensor to the power meter with the power sensor cable. 4. Connect the power cable to the power outlet and power module receptacles. Set the LINE switch to ON; the lamp within the switch lens should be illuminated. 5. Change the power meter’s RANGE switch scale so it corresponds to the range of the power sensor. Refer to “Range Switch Scale Selection” in Chapter 2. 6. Set the power meter Controls as follows: RANGE switch position . fully cew CAL FACTOR switch .. 100% POWER REF switch ... OFF 7, Press the ZERO switch and verify that the meter pointer moves to “0” (zero) and the RF BLANKING OUTPUT is shorted to ground. 8. Set the RANGE switch to the position indicated in the following table. Then, connect the power sensor (and adapter or attenuator as required) to the POWER REF OUTPUT and set the rear panel POWER REF switch to (ON). Verify that the meter reads ‘approximately the same as indicated in the table. 38HP 4358. Operation RANGE | Meter Power Sensor Switch | Indication Position HP 8481B and 8482B (remove attenuator) 3W lw HIP 8481A, 8482A, 84811, 84828 3mw | imw HP 84854 (HP 1250-1250 Adapter required) 3mw_ | 1mw HP 8483A (HP 1250-0597 Mechanical Adapter 3mw | 0.96 mw required) HP 8484A (HP 11708A Reference Attenuator 3. 1W required) 9. Step the CAL FACTOR switch through its range noting a small increase in meter reading with each successive step. Reset the CAL FACTOR switch to 100%. 10. Set the RANGE switch to the position indicated in the table below. ‘Then, adjust the CAL ADJ control for a full-scale meter reading for 50Q power sensors and a 96% of full scale meter reading for 750. power sensors. Power Sensor RANGE Switch Position [HP 84818 and 84828 (remove attenuator) iw HIP 8481A, 8482A, 8481H, 8482 imw. HP 84854 (HP 1250-1250 Adapter required) 1mw HP 8483A (HP 1250-0597 Mechanical Adapter required) 1mw HP 8484A (HP 11708A Reference Attenuator required) LEW 11. Check at the rear panel RECORDER OUTPUT jack for an output of #1 Vde. 12. To check operation using battery power, disconnect the power cable from the rear power panel module receptacle and set the LINE switch to ON (the lamp within the switch will lens not be illuminated). When a power measurement is made, a normal ‘upscale reading indicates normal operation; a full dowan-scale reading indicates the battery is discharged. 39'peration HP 4358, )perating Instructions 1. BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT, check that the power transformer primary is matched to the available line voltage, the correct fuse is installed and safety precautions are taken. See “Power Requirement”, “Line Voltage Selection”, “Power Cable” and associated warnings and cautions in Chapter 2. Warning e BEFORE CONNECTING LINE POWER TO THE INSTRUMENT, ensure that all devices connected to this instrument are connected to the protective (earth) ground. BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT, ensure that the line power (Mains) plug is connected to a three-conductor line power outlet that has a protective (earth) ground. (Grounding one conductor of a two-conductor outlet is not sufficient.) Caution Do not twist the body of the power sensor when connecting or disconnecting it. This can cause major damage to the sensor. 2, Set the meter indication to zero with the mechanical meter zero control. Back the control off slightly. 3. Connect the power sensor to the power meter with the power sensor cable. 4, Connect the power cable to the power outlet and power module receptacles. Set the LINE switch to ON; the lamp within the switch lens should be lit. 5. Change the power meter’s RANGE switch scale so it corresponds to the range of the power sensor. Refer to the paragraph entitled Range Switch Scale Selection in Chapter 2. 6. Set the power meter switches as follows: RANGE position CAL FACTOR ......... 100% POWER REF ......... OFF 7. Press the ZERO switch, allow 5 seconds for the zeroing operation to take place, and release the switch. 8, Set the RANGE switch to the position indicated in the following table. Then, connect the power sensor (and adapter or attenuator as required) to the POWER REF OUTPUT and set the rear panel POWER REF switch to (ON). For 509 power sensors, adjust the CAL ADJ control for a full-scale reading; the meter pointer should be aligned with the CAL mark (full-scale reading) on the meter face. For 750 power sensors, adjust the CAL ADJ control for a 96% of full scale reading; the meter pointer should be aligned with the 0.96 mark on the meter face. fully cow 0HP 4358 Caution e A Note @ Operation Power Sensor /HP 84818 and 8482B (remove attenuator) iW HP 8481A, 84824, $4811, 8482 1mw. HP 84854 (HP 1250-1250 Adapter required) 1mw EP 84834 (HP 1250-0597 Mechanical Adapter required) imw HIP 84844 (HP 11708A Reference Attenuator required) Law 9. Disconnect the power sensor from the POWER REF OUTPUT and set the POWER REF switch to OFF. 10. Locate the calibration curve on the power sensor cover. find the CAL FACTOR for the measurement frequency; set the CAL FACTOR for the measurement frequency; set the CAL FACTOR switch accordingly. LL. Set the RANGE switch so that full scale is greater than the power level to be measured. 12. Connect the power sensor to the RF source. Read the power level in dBm or watts on the panel meter. See “Operating Precautions” in the power sensor Operating and Service manuals for maximum power levels which may be safely coupled to this system. Levels which exceed the limits may damage the power sensor, power meter, or both. ‘When the battery is being used as the power supply for the power meter, an automatic test circuit continually monitors battery condition. ‘When the battery voltage is above a predetermined level, the meter indicates the correct power level. When the voltage drops below the threshold level, the meter reading is full downscale. a1Iperation HP 4958 specified Uncertainty Calculation Conditions: Range —1 mW Meter Reading — 0.7 mW Sensor — HP 84814 Frequency — 1 GHz CAL FACTOR — 99.5% (FS)? Instrumentation Uncertainty =4001mW = = 40.06 dB (R)? Power Reference Uncertainty = 40.0049 mW = 40.03 dB (R) CAL FACTOR Switch Resolution Uncertainty = 40.0035 mW = 40.02. 4B (R) Zero Set Uncertainty = £0.000015 mW = +0.00009 4B (FS) Zero Carryover Uncertainty = 405% = 40.005mW — = 40.03 dB (R) Noise 008% = 40.00025 aB (R) Drift 002% = £0.00009 4B (R) Cal Factor Uncertainty = 42.70% =40019mW = 40.1248 40.0425 mW LPS = % of full scale 2R Total Specified Uncertainties = 40.0425 mw = 9988 (100) = 46.07% = Wlog 9245 B12 £0.26 dBHP 4358. Operation Calculating Measurement Uncertainty 1. Calculate the reflection coefficient from the given SWR. SWR-1 SWR+1 ower Sensor #1 Power Sensor = Power Souee owns own 133 own 20 n= iit a= Hit n= it =u ote = 02 = 0.111 = 0.333 2. Calculate the relative power and percentage power mismatch uncertainties from the reflection coefficients. An initial reference level of 1is assumed. Relative Power Uncertainty PU=[1+ (Pops)}? PUL = {1 [( 0.2)(0.833)]}? PU2 = {1+ {(0.111)(0.383)]}? {1 40.087}? = {140087} {1.067}? and {0.983}? = 1.138 and 0.871 {1.087}? and {0.963}? 1.075 and 0.927 Percentage Power Uncertainty SPU = (PU — 1) 100% (2.138 — 1) 100% and (0.871 ~ 1) 100% = (0.138) 100% and (0.128) 100% 13.8% and 12.9% PU2 = (1.075 ~ 1) 100% and (0.927 ~ 1) 100% (0.075) 100% and (0.078) 100% = 75% and ~13% 3-13eration bag 3. Calculate the Measurement Uncertainty in 4B. MU; MU2 Measurement Uncertainty in dB MU =10 lose (%)] 42 [10g (24%)] 10 [0.056] 4056 a3 [totes (+4)] 10 [0.081] 40.81 dB and and and and and and HP 4358. 10 fon (2#2)] 10 [—-0.060] -08 4B 10 flog (*$%)] 10 [0.033] 0.33 4BHP 4358, Operation INDICATED POWER VERSUS RANGE OF ACTUAL POWER INDICATED POWER TOTAL SPECIFIED WORST CASE UNCERTAINTY UNCERTAINTIES (SPECIFIED & MISMATCH) EXAMPLE 1: ‘SENSOR SWR=1.5 ‘SOURCE SWR = 2.0 07 mW (1.55 dBm) 0. Ly 8m) EXAMPLE 2: ‘SENSOR SWR = 1.25 SOURCE SWR=20 — sa (1.29 dBm) 0.7 mil (1.55 48) 1 18 al (2.1 8m) Figure 3-3. Worst Case Effects of Specified and Mismatch Uncertainties (Values From Examples on Page 3-12 and 3-14) 315peration HP 4356 2alculating Measurement Uncertainty (Uncertainty in dB Known) 1. For this example the known values are: source SWR, 2.2 and power sensor SWR, 1.16. From the Mismatch Error Calculator the mismatch uncertainty is found to be +0.24, -0.25 dB. 2. Add the results from the “Specified Uncertainty Calculation” section, (40.26 4B). The total measurement uncertainty is +0.50, -0.51 dB. 3. Calculate the relative measurement uncertainty from the following formula: aB slog () tog() B = le (9) to? (88) = 880 = 112 4, Calculate the percentage Measurement Uncertainty. Percentage Measurement Uncertainty MU = (P1 — Po) 100 %MU = (122-1) 100 (0.889 — 1) 100 = 412.2% = 111% 316Performance Tests 4 Introduction Equipment Required Test Record Performance Tests Note 9 ‘The procedures in this section test the electrical performance of the power meter using the specifications of Table 1-1 as performance standards. All tests can be performed without access to the interior of the instrument. A simpler operational test is included in Chapter 3 ‘under “Operator’s Checks.” Equipment required for the performance tests is listed in Table 1-2, Recommended Test Equipment. Any equipment that satisfies the critical specifications given in the table may be substituted for the recommended model(s) Results of the performance tests may be recorded on the test record at the end of the test procedures. The test record lists all of the tested specifications and their acceptable limits. Test results recorded at incoming inspection can be used for comparison in periodic maintenance, troubleshooting and after repairs or adjustments. ‘The performance tests given in this section are suitable for incoming inspection, troubleshooting or preventive maintenance. During any performance test, all shields and connecting hardware must be in place. Perform the tests in the order given and record the data on the test, card and/or in the data spaces provided at the end of each procedure. The power meter must have a half-hour warmup and the line voltage must be within +5%, —10% of nominal if the performance tests are to be considered valid. Each test is arranged so that the specification is written as it appears in Table 1-1. Next, a description of the test and any special instructions or problem areas are included. Bach test that requires test equipment has a setup drawing and a list of the required equipment. ‘The initial steps of each procedure give control settings required for that particular test, atPerformance Tests HP 4358 ?ower Reference Level Test 42 Specification Description Equipment Internal 50 MHz oscillator with ‘Type-N Female connector on front panel (or rear panel, Option 003 only). Power output: 1.00 mW. Factory set to +0.7% traceable to the National Bureau of Standards. Accuracy: 1.2% worst case (0.9% rss) for one year (0 to 55°C). ‘The power reference oscillator output is factory adjusted to 1 mW 40.7%. To achieve this accuracy, Hewlett-Packard employs a special measurement system accurate to 0.5% (traceable to the National Bureau of Standards) and allows for a transfer error of 0.2% in making the adjustment. If an equivalent measurement system is employed for verification, the power reference oscillator output can be verified to 1 mW +1.9% (1.2% accuracy +0.5% verification system error :40.0% transfer error = 1.9% maximum error). The power reference oscillator can be set to 0.7% using the same equipment and following the adjustment procedure in Chapter 5. To ensure maximum accuracy in verifying the power reference oscillator output, the following procedure provides step-by-step instructions for using specified Hewlett-Packard test instruments of known capability. If equivalent test instruments are used, signal acquisition criteria may vary and reference should be made to the manufacturer's guidelines for operating the instruments. ‘The power meter may be returned to the nearest Hewlett-Packard office to have the power reference oscillator checked and/or adjusted. Refer to Chapter 2, “Packaging. Figure 4-1. Power Reference Level Test Setup ‘HP 432A HP 478A-H75/H76 ‘HP 34554, Power meter .. ‘Thermistor mount . Digital voltmeterHP 4358 Procedure Performance Tests 1. Set up the DVM to measure resistance. Connect the DVM between ‘the Var connector on the rear panel of the power meter and pin 1 of the thermistor mount end of the power meter interconnect cable. 2. Round off the DVM indication to two decimal places and record this value as the internal bridge resistance (R) of the power meter (approximately 200 ohms). 3. Connect the HP 432A Power Meter to the HP 435B Power Meter as shown in Figure 4-1. 4. Set the HP 432A Power Meter LINE switch to ON (in) and the POWER REF switch to OFF. Then, wait thirty minutes for the HP 432A Power Meter thermistor mount to stabilize before proceeding to the next step. 5. Set the HP 432A Power Meter RANGE switch to COARSE ZERO and adjust the front-panel COARSE ZERO control to obtain a zero meter indication. 6. Fine zero the HP 432A Power Meter on the most sensitive range, then set the HP 432A Power Meter RANGE switch to 1 mW. Note Check that DVM input leads are isolated from chassis ground when performing the next step. 7, Set up the DVM to measure microvolts and connect the positive and negative input leads, respectively, to the Vcomp and Var connectors on the rear panel of the HP 432A Power Meter. 8. Observe the indication on the DVM. If less than 400 microvolts, proceed to the next step. If 400 microvolts or greater, press and hold the power meter FINE ZERO switch and adjust the COARSE ZERO control so that the DVM indicates 200 microvolts or less. Then, release the FINE ZERO switch and proceed to the next step. 9. Round off the DVM indication to the nearest microvolt and record this value as Vo. 10. Set the HP 435B Power Meter POWER REF switch to ON (in) and record the indications observed on the DVM as V3. 11. Disconnect the DVM negative input lead from the Var connector on the HP 432A Power Meter and reconnect it to the HP 432A Power Meter chassis ground. Record the new indication observed on the DVM as Veomp- 12. Calculate the power reference oscillator output level (PpF) from the following formula: 2Voomp (Vi ~ Vo) + VE 2 4R (CALIBRATION FACTOR) ‘Where: Pre ower reference oscillator output level wreviously recorded value 43erformance Tests HP 4358 V-1 = previously recorded value V.0 = previously recorded value R = previously recorded value CALIBRATION FACTOR = value for thermistor mount at 50 MHz (traceable to the National Bureau of Standards) 13. Verify that the Pap is within the following limits: Min. Actual Max. 0.988 mW 1.012 mWHP 4358. Performance Tests Le nn_n_ ee EEEEIEEI SEI IEINIIININISNIIEEEEESSEEISEEEESEEEEEEEEEEEEET Zero Carryover Test Specification Description Equipment Procedure +£0.5% of full scale when zeroed in the most sensitive range. After the power meter is initially zeroed, the change in the meter reading is monitored at the RECORDER OUTPUT as the instrument, is stepped through its ranges. The meter readings take into account noise and drift because zero carryover and the noise drift readings cannot be separated. Refer to Table 5-1 if the results are not within the limits. HP 4358, POWER METER pecoroer ourrur. _ DIGITAL VOLTMETER Figure 4-2. Zero Carryover Test Setup Digital voltmeter ....... HP 34554 Power sensor ... HP 8481A/H or 8482A/H 1. Set the DVM RANGE control to 100 mVde. 2. Set the power meter switches as follows: CAL FACTOR, = 100% RANGE position . «= fully ecw POWER REF (rear panel) .. OFF 3. Connect the equipment shown in Figure 4-2. 4, Press the front panel ZERO switch and wait for the meter indicator’s position to stabilize. Verify that the DVM reads 0 +1.0 mVdc. Release the ZERO switch. 5. Verify that the RECORDER OUTPUT falls within the limits shown on the table for each range. Record the readings. 45erformance Tests HP 4358 RANGE ‘Results RANGE Results Switch Min. ‘Actual ‘Max. Switch Min. ‘Actual Max. Position Position mde mde mde mide mae mde fully cow 15 +15 | S steps ow 5 +5 1 step cw “7 — #17 | 6 steps ow 5 = + 2 steps ow “4 — 414 | Tsteps ew 6 — + 3 steps ow =u — 411 | 8 steps ow 6 — +5 4 steps ew -8 — 8 fully ew 5 — +HP 4358 Performance Tests i Instrumentation Accuracy Test with Calibrator Specification Description Equipment Procedure £1% of fall scale on all ranges. Instrumentation accuracy is verified by coupling a full-scale reference input from the HP 11683A Calibrator to the power meter on each range. Verify that the RECORDER OUTPUT level is within +1% plus noise and drift. HP 4358 BOWER METER RANGE CALTBRATOR RECORDER ouTpuT _DIGITAL_VOLTMETER (REAR PANEL) Figure 4-3. instrumentation Accuracy Test Setup with Calibrator HP 3455A HP 11683A, Digital voltmeter . Range calibrator 1. Set the range calibrator RANGE switch to ImW, the FUNCTION switch to CALIBRATE and the POLARITY switch to NORMAL. 2. Set the power meter RANGE switch 5 steps from the fully cow position. 3. Set the DVM RANGE switch to 1000 mvdc. 4, Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 4-3. 5. Adjust the front panel CAL ADJ control to provide a reading of 1000 +2 mVde. ‘To avoid damage to the meter, set the range calibrator’s FUNCTION control to STANDBY while changing the RANGE control settings on the power meter and range calibrator. 6. Set the power meter RANGE switch to each possible position in ‘turn. Set the range calibrator RANGE switch to the same position and verify that the DVM reading, which includes noise and drift, is within the limits shown in the following table. 47>erformance Tests HP 4358 RANGE Results RANGE Results Switch [Min] Actual | Max | Switch [Min | actu | Max Position Position mde | mvae | mde mvae | mVde | mae fully cow +975 — +1025, 5 steps cw +998 +1002 tstepen | 4078 | — | +102 | stepecw | 4900 | — | 010 2atepecw | 4981 | | 41019 | 7etepscw | 4000 | — | +2010 Satepecw | 49e4 | | 41016 | Setepsew | 4000 | — | 42010 Astepson | 4987 | | 41013, | talyew | 490 | | 42010 48HP 435B Performance Tests er Calibration Factor Test Specification Description Equipment Procedure A 16-position switch normalizes meter reading to account for calibration factor or effective efficiency. Range 85% to 100% in 1% steps. After the power meter is zeroed on the most sensitive range, 2 1 mW input level is applied to the power meter and the CAL ADJ control is set to obtain a 1.000 mW indication. Then the CAL FACTOR switch is stepped through its 16 positions and the meter is monitored to ensure that the proper indication is obtained for each position. HP 4358 POWER RANGE METER CALIBRATOR RecoRveR ourpur _DIGITAL VOLTMETER Figure 4-4, Calibration Factor Test Setup Digital voltmeter Range calibrator HP 34554 ‘HP 116834 1. Set the range calibrator RANGE switch to 1 mW, the FUNCTION switch to CALIBRATE and the POLARITY switch to NORMAL. 2. Set the power meter RANGE switch 5 steps from the fully ccw position, 3. Set the DVM RANGE switch to Vdc. 4, Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 4-4. 5. Set the front panel CAL ADJ control to provide reading of 1090 +42 mVde on the DVM. 6. Set the CAL FACTOR switch to each position and verify that the indications observed at each position are within the limits specified in the following table.