Article Aims Methodology Sample Size Major Findings
S. M. Shepherd, J. R. P. To identify levels of Social Themed semi- 122 Aboriginal and Torres A diminished level of wellbeing for cognitively impaired
Ogloff, D. Shea, J. E. and Emotional Wellbeing structured Strait Islander people participants.
Pfeifer & Y. Paradies and the extent of unmet questionnaire
needs among cognitively Cognitive impairment was associated with poorer
(2017) impaired and non- coping mechanisms, additional experiences of racism,
cognitively impaired difficulties handling emotions, discomfort around non-
Australia Aboriginal people in Aboriginal people and reduced access to meaningful
custody. activities in custody.
Aboriginal prisoners and
Cognitively impaired participants had greater difficulty
cognitive impairment:
accessing/practicing cultural activities.
the impact of dual
disadvantage on Social
and Emotional
Wellbeing
Brie A. Williams, James Provides an overview of Review U.S. number of prisoners is aging at a significantly more
S. Goodwin, Jacques the aging crisis in the rapid rate than the overall U.S. population
Baillargeon, Cyrus criminal justice system. It
Ahalt and Louise C. then discusses how Incarcerated persons experience accelerated aging
Walter geriatric models of care which leads to a high prevalence of risk factors and
could be adapted to multimorbidities, resulting in higher expenditures for
(2012) address this mounting the state.
healthcare crisis and ends
North America by identifying areas of More research is needed to understand the prevalence
further research that are of dementia in older adults who are incarcerated.
Addressing the Aging needed to better provide
Crisis in U.S. Criminal cost-effective, quality
Justice Health Care health care to older
prisoners.
Brie A. Williams, Marc F. To identify special Roundtable for 29 national experts -Develop policies focused in: definition of the older
Stern, Jeff Mellow, considerations for the care experiences. participated: 9 chief medical prisoner, correctional staff training, definition of
Meredith Safer and of older prisoners and to officers, 5 independent functional impairment in prison, recognition and
propose a set of priority medical or assessment of dementia, recognition of the special
Robert B. Greifinger areas that need to be psychology/psychiatry needs of older women prisoners, geriatric housing
addressed in a new policy experts, 5 academic units, issues for older adults upon release, medical early
(2012) agenda. physicians, 2 prisoner release, and prison-based palliative medicine programs
advocates, and 2 foundation
North America To identify important gaps
officers. The group had 14
in knowledge that should
be addressed. physicians, 2 psychologists, 1
Treatment of older
people with dementia in nurse, and 3 lawyers.5 close
surgical wards from the relatives
viewpoints of the
patients and close
relatives
Steven J. Caverley Describes the mentally ill Descriptive study Older inmates account for significantly higher medical
inmate population aged costs than younger inmates, with treatment needed
(2006) over 50 and addresses
related financial and policy Age-related changes specific to confinement that
Utah issues. influence the mental health of aging inmates: fear of
dying in prison, limited physical strength. Many older
Older mentally ill mentally ill inmates may need forensic facility
inmates: A descriptive placement.
study
Ajit Shah To explore the reasons for Exploratory Audit All elderly patients (over 60) Need to improve awareness on mental illness
referrals of a high secure referred to the old age recognition.
(2015) forensic psychiatry unit to psychiatry liaison service.
a specialist consultation-
Develop programs of early recognition of mental illness
United Kingdom only liaison old age
psychiatry service involving early treatment and improving the quality of
life.
An audit of a specialist
Old Age Psychiatry
Liaison Service to a
medium and high
secure Forensic
Psychiatry Unit
Rachele Vogel To bring awareness to the Review Correctional system not prepared to withstand the
aging problem behind bars demands of aging prisoners serving long sentences.
(2016) and respond to the
identified need for There are no guidelines for dementia screening on
North America additional training for admission to correctional.
custodial staff.
Dementia in Prison: an Need of a training section on dementia to provide
correctional staff with tools and skills.
argument for training
Correctional Officers
S. Fazel, J. McMillan, I. To explore the relevance Exploratory Study 2 individual cases The person with dementia is not able to think through
ODonnell and purposes of the consequences of criminal actions, therefore the
imprisonment for prospect of continued incarceration wont reduce the
(2002) individuals with dementia. incentive to commit crime.
United Kingdom Rehabilitation focused on psychotic treatment in
nursing homes well equipped to manage aggressive
behaviours.
Dementia in prison:
ethical and legal
implications
Anne Feczko To provide an overview of Review of Early detection and appropriate treatment of AD and
the epidemiology, literature other dementias are particularly challenging inside of
(2014) pathophysiology and correctional institutions.
diagnostics considerations
North America of Alzheimers Disease Lack of prison guidelines leads to a vulnerable group of
with a special focus on elderly inmates and clinician struggle to deliver quality
Dementia in the elderly prison inmates. care.
incarcerated elderly
adult: Innovative
solutions to promote
quality care
Tina Maschi , Jung To raise awareness of the Review Older adults in prison present multiple risk factors for
Kwak, Eunjeong Ko, experience, the need for dementia due to poor health and history of
Mary B. Morrissey adequate care of older environmentally induced traumas.
adults with dementia in
(2011) prison, and to encourage Appropriate dementia treatment in prison is more
discussion, research, and costly that in community.
North America advocacy efforts for this
vulnerable subgroup
Forget me Not:
Dementia in Prison
Susan J. Loeb and Azza To identify the minimum Integrative Databases searches from Older prisoners are not a healthy group in many
AbuDagga age used to denote older Review 1980 to 2005. correctionals in the world.
inmates
(2006) Men tend to neglect their health more than women.
To determine what health-
North America related variables have Evidence found that health worsens after 5 years of
been examined in incarceration.
empirical studies of this
Health-Related
population Health programs and services specific to older prisoners
Research in Older were rarlely assessed with self-care initiatives.
Inmates: An integrative To describe what is known
Review about the health status of
older inmates
To describe the availability
of prison facilities that are
relevant to older inmates
health and wellbeing
K. Patterson, C. To develop tools and Qualitative 54 health staff Prison environment is not designed for older people
Newman, K. Doona procedures related to and accelerates the aging process.
managing the care of older
(2014) persons with dementia Policy Delphy shows difficulties in performing cognitive
who are imprisoned. screening for dementia on reception to prison.
Australia
There is a need for development of assessment
processes and new strategies to manage prisoners with
Improving the care of
dementia.
older people in
Australian prisons using
the Delphi method
Thomas P. Weil To illustrate both the Review article 4 selected need groups Mental health services in US are poorly organized,
perceived need and the underfunded, inadequately staffed and provides
(2015) clinical and operational unsatisfactory outcomes, and children, adolescents,
complexities that the prisoners, military and senior citizen are in need of this
North America current therapeutic service.
approaches now face
Insufficient Dollars and when attempting to care Therapeutic programs for prisoners with mental illness
for individuals with mental including substance abuse not correctly implemented.
Qualified Personnel to
illnesses.
meet United States
Without a robust economy in the US its impossible to
Mental Health Needs implement an effective plan, and its unlikely that
additional resources will be forthcoming.
T. Soones, C. Ahalt, S. To assess the ability of Mixed 72 legal professionals Deficits in four important areas: age-related health,
Garrigues, David legal professionals to quantitative and identification of cognitive impairment, assessment of
Faigman and B. A. recognize and respond to qualitative study safety risk, and optimization of services upon release
Williams age-related conditions that from jail.
could affect legal
(2014) outcomes and to identify Four recommendations to close these gaps emerged:
recommendations to educate legal professionals about age-related health,
address important train professionals to identify cognitive and sensory
North America
knowledge gaps. impairment, develop checklists to identify those at risk
of poor health or safety, and improve knowledge of and
My Older Clients Fall
access to transitional services for older adults.
Through Every Crack in
the System: Geriatrics
Knowledge of Legal
Professionals
A. Sfera, C. Osorio, R. To emphasize a Disturbed individuals who commit crimes remain
Gradini and A. Price multidisciplinary approach dilemmas for society as they are organically incapable
to frontotemporal of regulate their behaviour.
(2014) dementia behavioural
variant. Input from All first offenders over 55 should have
North America disciplines such as neuropsychological testing and/or PET scan.
neurobiology, psychology,
Neurodegeneration psychiatry, forensic Criminal justice system not designed to accommodate
Behind Bars: from psychiatry, and persons with dementia. Programs are focused on
molecules to jurisprudence could help rehabilitation and not adequate for individuals with
jurisprudence. us comprehend better this neurodegenerative disorder.
complex disorder.
S. Fazel and M. Grann To examine psychiatric Structured court- Data obtained from 1988 Older offenders were significantly less likely to be
diagnoses of older ordered forensic 2000 (n=7297). diagnosed with schizophrenia or a personality disorder,
(2002) offenders referred by court psychiatric and more likely to have dementia or an affective
for psychiatric assessment evaluations psychosis compared to younger ones.
Sweden in Sweden, and compared
them with younger Dementia among offenders younger than 60 almost
Older criminals: a offenders. non-existent, increased the likelihood of legal insanity
by eight times among older offenders.
descriptive study of
psychiatrically
examined offenders in
Sweden
M. Davoren, M. To review the older Descriptive study All remands from freedom to Older prisoners had similar rates of psychosis to
Fitzpatrick, F. Caddow, prisoners on remand in two Irish remand prisons over younger prisoners. Affective disorders were
M. Caddow, C. ONeill, male and female prisons. a six-and-a-half-year period significantly more common among male and female
H. ONeill and H. G. from 1st January 2006 until older prisoners.
Kennedy 30th June 2012.
Similar rates of substance misuse in males: older group
(2015) with alcohol, younger group with illicit drugs. Female
rates similar in alcohol in both groups, illicit drugs abuse
more common in younger females.
Dublin
Higher number of neurological illness in older males
Older men and women than younger males. No significant difference between
remand prisoners: older and younger women.
mental illness, physical
illness, offending
patterns and needs.
P. Kingston, N. Le To determine the Interviews All sentenced prisoners aged The psychological and physical health of this prison
Mesurier, G. Yorston, S. prevalence of psychiatric 50 years and over in 4 population was poorer than that of their community-
Wardle and L. Heath disorders, including prisons(N=237) based peers.
dementia, in prisoners
(2011) aged 50 years and over Mental disorders in older prisoners are common, but
and to see whether despite recent training initiatives they often go
United Kingdom detection and treatment undetected and untreated.
rates have improved over
the past decade. Depression was higher amongst violence offenders and
Psychiatric morbidity in
prisoners over 65, and sex offenders were less likely to
older prisoners: have depression.
unrecognized and
undertreated
B. Hodel and H. G. To discuss a Descriptive Study The California Mens Colony SNPID demonstrates that, despite a prison setting, a
Snchez comprehensive Prison (CMC) person who suffers from dementia can function with
psychosocial program the proper support and assistance.
(2012) developed for a prison in
California the Special The physical environment, the social environment, and
North America Needs Program for Inmate- the individual inmate-patient have to be targeted
Patients with Dementia simultaneously.
The Special Needs (SNPID).
To describe the individual The team attended specialized training to deliver
Program for Inmate-
steps of the program, their appropriate care to inmates with dementia.
Patients with Dementia
content and their
(SNPID): A psychosocial
application in a system
program provided in the
that has safety and
prison system. security as its highest
priority.
Y. Maxwell, A. Day and To understand and assess Descriptive Study Focused on aboriginal and Eight domains of SEWB are identified across which
S. Casey social and emotional Torres Strait Islander Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners, along
wellbeing (SEWB) in communities in Australia. with those in protection units, remandees, and
(2013) prisoner populations. prisoners with intellectual disabilities or acquired brain
To identify potentially injuries are likely to experience particularly low levels of
Australia important differences functioning.
between groups of
Understanding the prisoners, including those Neurological illness lead to deterioration in cognitive,
needs of vulnerable who identify as from physical, emotional, or independent functioning, which
prisoners: the role of minority cultural makes more likely to experience distress, low social
social and emotional backgrounds (Aboriginal supports, make poorer decisions and have more health
wellbeing. and Torres Strait Islander complaints.
in Australia), protective
custody prisoners, remand Few programs have been developed to address these
prisoners, prisoners needs, although attending to low levels of SEWB has
identified with an the potential to make a positive contribution to
intellectual disability or prisoner health, prison management, and offender
acquired brain injury. rehabilitation.
C. Di Lorito, B. Vollm To report the prevalence Systematic 9 studies reviewed High prevalence of very single psychiatric disorder
and T. Dening of psychiatric disorders review and meta- among older prisoners, who also experience rates of
among older prisoners and analysis dementia and alcohol abuse comparable to those
(2017) compare our findings reported in the community.
against community studies
United Kingdom on older people. Further research is crucial to confirm findings from this
study.
Psychiatric disorders
among older prisoners:
a systematic review and
comparison study
against older people in
the community
N. Combalbert, V. To examine the cognitive Semi-structured 138 men aged 50 or over in 7 Cognitive impairment is more pronounced among older
Pennequin, C. Ferrand, performance of older male interviews French prisons and 138 men men in prison than older men in the wider community.
M. Armand, M. Anselme prisoners and its effect on of similar ages from the
and B. Geffray their perceived health and general population. There is a lack of interpersonal interactions and
quality of life. cognitive stimulation in prison, which links increased
2017 levels of engagement in social, physical or intellectual
activities and higher cognitive ability scores in older
people aged 65 years and above and some studies have
France
shown that loneliness is a crucial marker of cognitive
Cognitive impairment, decline.
self-perceived health
and quality of life of
older prisoners
A. Binswanger,P. M.
Krueger PM, Steiner JF.
(2009)
North America
Prevalence of Chronic
Medical Conditions
among Jail and Prison
Inmates in the United
States Compared with
the General Population
