of the drumhead and bowl.
Other timpanists, such as Saul Goodman,
     Ernst Pfundt, Heinrich Knauer, and Otto Seele, recommend holding the
     stick with the thumb and rst two ngersthe last two ngers free of the
     stick except in loud rolls (Goodman 1948, 21, 33; Pfundt 1849, 9; Knauer
     n.d., 9; Seele 1895, 7). This permits the timpanist to play lighter and, some
     would say, more sensitively. The effect of playing in this manner is to pro-
     duce a sound that emphasizes more of the upper partialsthe sound is
     thinner and less colorful.
           The German style of playing palms down produces a darker sound
     than the French style.6 By varying the tightness of the forenger-thumb
     grip and by changing the tightness with which the remaining ngers grip
     the stick, the sound can be made lighter or darker, more legato or staccato.
     As described above, there are times in which a timpanist may want to pro-
     duce an extremely dark, heavy, legato sound. In those cases, timpanists
     may want to use a German grip, holding the stick very loosely, and execut-
     ing a bounce stroke. A good example is in Georges Enescos Rumanian
     Rhapsody No. 1 (see example 1.5).
                     1.5. Tonal shading in Enescos Rumanian
                                 Rhapsody No. 1
     At rehearsal 19 the composer writes a rather perplexing part. Enesco
     places tenuto marks over eighth notesseemingly contradictory. How
     does a timpanist play an articulated, long note? Part of the answer to this
     question can be found at rehearsal 12; he puts tenuto marks over dotted
     quarter notes and asks the timpanist to play heavily. The tenuto marks in-
     dicate that he wants a darker, heavier sound. The other part of the answer
     to this question takes into consideration the musical context at rehearsal
     19: Enesco calls for a very heavy, dark, somewhat articulate orchestral
     sound. Given these two clues, it is clear that Enesco wants the timpanist
     to produce a very dark, articulate sound. To execute this part, the tim-
     panist can use a larger, heavier, more articulate stick, play palms down,
     hold the stick very loosely, and use a bounce stroke. This produces a very
     heavy, dark, somewhat articulate sound that is perfectly shaped to the mu-
     sical context. Finally, beginning at rehearsal 19, the articulated eighth
     notes beginning each phrase can be played in staccato fashion. This pro-
     duces a very sharp, dark, big sound that supports the darker orchestral
     sound. The tenuto-marked notes are played very broadly. See the compan-
     ion Web site for a marked timpani part.
30   Timpani Tone and the Interpretation of Baroque and Classical Music