TYPES OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Transaction processing systems
Management information system
decision support systems
Executive support system for senior management
Transaction processing system
Transaction processing system is a type of information system
. TPSs collect, store, modify and retrieve the transactions of an
organization, A Transaction is an event that generates or
modifies data that is eventually stored an information system.
E.g : Order entry system, cheque processing systems,
accounts receivables systems, payroll systems and ticket
reservation systems
These systems help any company to conduct operations and
keep track of its activities
A PAYROLL TPS
To general ledger
EMPLOYEE DATA
Employee Payroll
/file
database System
Management
Employee number reports
Address
Pa rate
Gross pay To government
Federal tax agencies
Medicare
State tax
Employee paychecks
Net pay
Online
queries
TPS CHARACTERISTICS
A TPS records internal and external transactions for a company. It is a
repository of data that is frequently accessed by other systems
A TPS performs routine , repetitive tasks .It is mostly used by lower
level managers to make operational decisions
Transactions can be recorded in batch mode or online.In batch mode
the files are updated periodically.In online mode , each transaction is
recorded as it occurs
There are six steps in processing a transaction.they are data entry
,data validation , data processing and revalidation , storage output
generation and query support
TYPES OF TPS
Online system:
it involves a direct connection between the operator and TPS
program , they provide immediate result eg . An order arrive by
telephone call it is processed at that moment and results are
produced
Batch processing:
it is the second type of TPS ,where transactions are grouped
together and processed as a unit
for eg: a cheque proccesing system in a bank all the cheque
received in a particular day are grouped together. They are
then sorted by the account no and processed in a batch
Difference between real time and
Batch
Real time:
each transaction is unique ; transactions are standlone;
requires master file to be available more often for
updating; fewer errors-transaction data is validated and
entered immediately; infrequent errors may occur; not
practical to shut down the whole system
Batch:
each transaction pat of a group; database not
accessible all of the time; more errors; data is organized
and stored before master file is updated -errors can
occur during these steps; easier to maintain than real-
time.
Examples of TPS
ATMs
Airline ticket reservation systems
railway ticket reservation systems
MIS
Designates a specific category of information systems
serving middle management.
Provides middle managers with reports on organizations
current performance.
Information thus obtained is used to monitor and control
and business and predict future
MIS
TPS MIS
Order
file Order
Sales
Processing
data
system
Production Materials Unit
Master Product reports
file
Resource MIS
Cost data
Planning
system
managers
Product
change
Accounting data
file General
Ledger Expense
system data
Decision Support System
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer program application
that analyzes business data and presents it so that users can make
business decisions more easily. It is an "informational application"
(to distinguish it from an "operational application" that collects the
data in the course of normal business operation).Typical
information that a decision support application might gather and
present would be:
Comparative sales figures between one week and the next
Projected revenue figures based on new product sales assumptions
The consequences of different decision alternatives, given past
experience in a context that is described
A decision support system may present information graphically and
may include an expert system or artificial intelligence (AI). It may be
aimed at business executives or some other group of Knowledge
workers
VOYAGE-ESTIMATING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Ship file eg
speed,capacity
PC
Port distance
Restriction file
fuel
consumption
cost file
Ship charter hire
history cost file
Analytical
Models Port expense
database file
Online
queries
DSS:Example
Voyage estimating system calculates financial and
technical voyage details. It is based on analytical
models.
Financial calculations include :
ship/time costs(fuel, labor, capital) ,freight rates for
various types of cargo and port expenses
Technical details include factor as:
ship cargo capacity, speed ,port distances ,fuel and water
consumption and loading patterns ( locations of cargo for
different ports
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SENIOR
MANAGEMENT
Issues at senior Management level:
What will employment be in 5 yrs ?
What are long term industry cost trends , where does our
firm fit in?
What products should we be making in next 5 yrs?
What new acquisitions would protect us from cyclical
business swings ?
Role of ESS
Addresses non routine decision requiring judgement , evaluation, and
insight
Presents graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is
easy for senior managers to use
Incorporates data about external events such as new tax laws or
competitors ,but also draws a summarized information from internal MIS
and DSS
It filters ,compresses and track critical data , displaying that data of
greatest importance to senior managers.
MODEL OF AN EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEM
ESS
Workstation/Portal
Menus
Graphics
ESS Communications ESS
Workstation/Portal Digital Dashboards Workstation/Portal
Internal data External data
TPS/MIS data Dow Jones
Financial data Internet news feeds
Office systems Standard & Poor Menus
Menus Modelling/analysis Graphics
Graphics Communications
Communications Digital Dashboards
Digital Dashboards
Office Automation Systems
An office automation system is an information system
involving the creation, collection, storage and
transmission of office information.
The basic activities of OPS include information
storage, data exchange and data management.
Where is it used?
OAS are used for:
Management of documents
Teleconferencing
Electronic publishing
Information storage
Examples of OAS
Business office telecommunication system
Microsoft Office
IBM/Lotus SmartSuite
Apple Works
SERVPRO Office Automation
Knowledge Work Systems
A knowledge work system serve the information
needs at the knowledge level of the organization.
It basically aids knowledge workers that capture,
develop, share and use organizational knowledge
effectively.
Where is it used?
KWS are used for:
Creation of new knowledge in organizations
University graduates with recognized professions
Engineering firms and educational institutions
Scientific research innovations
Examples of KWS
CAD or Computer-Aided Design
CAM or Computer-Aided Manufacturing
Virtual Reality Systems
Investment Workstations (trading)
Communication Systems
Sharing information in many different forms
Teleconferencing
The use of electronic transmission to permit same-time different-
place meetings
Audio conferencing
a single telephone call involving 3 or more people
Audio-graphic conferencing
an extension of audio conferencing, permitting the participants to
see graphical material
Videoconferencing
interactive meeting involving groups of people that can see each
other using display screens
E-mail, Voice Mail, and Fax
Instant Messaging and Chat
Groupware
Software and related procedures that help teams work
together by sharing information and by controlling internal
workflows. e.g. Lotus Notes
Intranets and Extranets
INTRANETS: Private networks, Use the same interface as
the Web, Accessible only to company employees
Examples of applications:Corporate news, Employee
manuals, Corporate policies, Telephone directories, etc.
EXTRANETS:Similar to intranets, but geared towards
customers
Examples of applications:Detailedproductdescriptions,
FAQs, Maintenance information, etc.
