A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY FOR DRUG AND

ALCOHOL ADDICTS IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the

College of Architecture
University of Santo Tomas

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements
For the Degree Of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Paulo S. Schulte
5AR-16

September 2017
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Table of Contents Page No.

1. Chapter 1 Introduction3
1.1. Background and Nature of the Project..4
1.2. Statement of the Problem..6
1.3. Project Goals.7
1.4. Project Objectives.8
1.5. Significance of the Project9
1.6. Scope and Delimitations...9
1.7. Definition of Terms....10
2. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature......12
2.1. Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment.12
2.1.1. Drug Addiction Treatment..12
2.1.2. Approaches for Drug Addiction Treatment.12
2.1.3. Related Health Problems14
2.1.4. Process of Drug Rehabilitation...15
2.2. Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines..16
2.2.1. Expense of Drug Rehabilitation..16
2.2.2. Low Rehabilitation Rate in the Philippines17
2.2.3. Disadvantages of Rehabilitation Centers18
2.2.4. The Lack of Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines...19
2.3. Therapeutic Architecture19
2.3.1. Therapeutic Communities in Drug Rehabilitation..19
2.3.2. Therapeutic Architecture in Drug Rehabilitation22
2.3.3. Kinesthetics and Landscaping....26
2.4. Case Studies29
2.4.1. International Case Studies (Outside the Philippines) .29
2.4.2. Local Case Studies (Within the Philippines) .33
3. Chapter 3 Research Methodology....34
3.1. Research Proper......34
3.1.1. Descriptive Research......34
3.1.2. Case Study Approach......35
3.2. Research Participants......35
3.3. Research Instruments..36
3.3.1. Case Studies and Resource Centers.36
3.3.2. Ocular Inspection and Site Reconnaissance37
3.3.3. Photo Documentation.38
3.3.4. Interviews,,,38
3.3.5. Observation Analysis..38
4. Chapter 4 Site Profile.39
4.1. Site Selection Criteria.39
4.1.1. Land Size39
4.1.2. Soil Character.39
4.1.3. Topography39
4.1.4. Geological Character..40
4.1.5. Climate Character...40
4.1.6. Natural Features..40
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.1.7. Environmental Concerns40

4.1.8. Transportation and Acessibility..41
4.1.9. Adjacent Structures.....41
4.1.10. Security...41
4.1.11. Utilities...42
4.1.12. Land Value.42
4.2. Site Justification.42
4.3. Macro Site Analysis43
4.3.1. Historical Background....43
4.3.1.1. History of Name43
4.3.2. Demographics.44
4.3.2.1. Tuguegarao City...44
4.3.2.2. Household Profile.44
4.3.2.3. Drug Dependency.44
4.3.3. Land Use and Zoning..44
4.3.3.1. Land Area.44
4.3.3.2. Land Use...45
4.3.3.3. General Site Zoning..47
4.3.4. Geotechnical Information...47
4.3.4.1. Geographical Location.47
4.3.4.2. Topography..47
4.3.4.3. Climate.48
4.3.4.4. Soil48
4.3.4.5. Slope.48
4.3.4.6. Water Resources...49
4.3.4.7. Infrastructure....49
4.4. Micro Site Analysis50
4.4.1. Vicinity...52
4.4.2. Site Profile..53
4.4.2.1. Land Profile..53
4.4.2.2. Soil Character...53
4.4.2.3. Topography..54
4.4.2.4. Flood Map.54
4.4.2.5. Geological Character56
4.4.2.6. Climate Character.56
4.4.2.7. Natural Features56
4.4.2.8. Environmental Concerns..56
4.4.2.9. Transportation and Accessibility..57
4.4.2.10. Adjacent Structures...57
4.5. Site Analysis...57
4.5.1. S.W.O.T Analysis...58
4.5.1.1. Strengths...58
4.5.1.2. Weaknesses..59
4.5.1.3. Opportunities....59
4.5.1.4. Threats..59
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

1. Chapter One Introduction

Alcohol and drug addiction is one of the biggest problems of the modern Filipino

society not just because of the huge number of people that fall victim to it but also

because of its long-term effects on the lives of the addicts as well as the people close

to them. It does not matter where they get addicted age-old addictions such as

drugs or alcohol (also known as substance addiction), or modern addictions such as

computer games (or non-substance addiction) people who fall victim to the

clutches of addiction all suffer the destructive effects of whatever they are addicted

in.

Addiction is defined as a chronic, often relapsing brain disease characterized by

compulsive drug use. The initial decision to take drugs, for most people is

voluntary, whether experimenting recreationally or having been prescribed

medication for any number of symptoms. While some people will never display

negative responses, others will find themselves, over a period of time, relying on

the effects produced by the drug. Seeking help with drug addiction is a pro-active

step toward taking back control of ones life.

Reports of drug related crime are common in the Philippines media. The main

concern tends to be towards Shabu which gets the most media attention. It does

seem that illegal drug use is on the rise, and this has worrying implications for the

future. There is an urgent need to educate young people as to the dangers of drug

use, and there is also a great need to help those who are already addicted to escape

their misery. Failure to do this could mean there will be further deterioration within

many Filipino communities.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

1.1. Background and Nature of the Project

Following the start of the current Philippine Governments war on drugs,

drug abuse and addiction has become a subject of fear and death for many

Filipinos nationwide. Many Filipino and families linked to drugs have also

become the subject to the Philippine National Police or the PNPs anti-drug

operations. Based on the data of the PNP, a total of 1,020, 244 people

surrendered to the authorities from July 2016 to February 2016 with 940,000

of those who surrendered are drug users and addicts while 75,000 are drug

pushers.

A US government report in 2009 concluded that illegal drug use was a

significant problem in the Philippines due to corruption and poor law

enforcement. There was particular concern expressed about the amount of

methamphetamine (shabu) and cannabis production in the area. Drug

addiction appears to be on the rise in the Philippines. There are believed to

be as many as 6.7 million drug abusers according to figures from 2004- this

is a dramatic increase from 1972 when there was only believed to have been

around 20,000 drug users in the Philippines. The drug that is most abused in

the Philippines continues to be Alcohol they are the second highest

consumers of alcoholic drinks in South East Asia.

Fortunately, there are ways to treat this negative condition in the country.

Currently, rehabilitation is the most common and effective form of getting

people out of their addictions.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

In the Philippines, there are only 48 accredited rehabilitation centers (or

rehab centers, as they are popularly called) and dozens more scattered

across a country that is home to more than 98 million Filipinos, which is

quite concerning considering the growing number of addiction cases in the

country.

Alcohol and drug rehab centers provide guidance when it comes to dealing

with withdrawal symptoms, which can be dangerous if not addressed

accordingly. These symptoms occur when a dependent chooses to abstain

from drugs or alcohol that the body has been accustomed with. These

physical and psychological episodes can escalate dramatically and can cause

serious health issues. Rehabilitation centers provide medical treatments in

coordination with a licensed physician of a legitimate hospital.

Drug rehab facilities help drug addicts prepare to re-enter society. Drug

addiction often changes a person's behavior, which can affect all aspects of

his or her life, including work and relationships. In drug rehab, patients do

their best to regain their normal lives in a safe and healthy way.

There are many different types of drug rehab facilities. Some specialize in

helping patients with a specific drug addiction; others offer a broader range

of drug addiction services. Some rehab facilities are even gender- or age-

specific, as this often helps patients feel more comfortable in the rehab

setting. Inpatient and outpatient rehab facilities are also available.

Drug rehab treatment centers often carry the stigma that patients are forced

to stay. However, this stereotype is untrue. Patients in rehab centers are free
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

to leave anytime they choose to. One reason for this is that drug rehab can

only be truly effective when the patient has a desire to be there and to change

his or her addictive habits. That being said, in instances where individuals

are compelled to go to rehab -- such as via a court order -- the rehab process

can still be effective, even if they were initially reluctant to go.

Drug rehab centers in the Philippines range from very basic facilities to

luxury treatment centers. The type of center a patient attends depends upon

his or her budget and level of insurance coverage. While luxury centers offer

more amenities than basic facilities, they are not always the best treatment

centers.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

With the growing number of drug abuse and addiction cases together with

the growing population of drug surrenderees around the Philippines, it is

alarming to realize how there are so few of these institutions in the country,

and how only a few Filipinos actually turn to rehab centers to treat their

addiction issues or get the chance to be accommodated in these facilities.

Together with the lack of rehab facilities, a lot of people find rehab centers

expensive and less practical; most Filipinos would rather ignore the

addiction issues of their family members than spend money and send them

to treatment facility where they would get real attention. This mindset often

leads to the worsening of addiction cases, resulting in bigger problems in

the future. Moreover, substance abuse related problems such as domestic

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

violence, crimes on the street and illegal activities increase affecting those

people who are innocent.

It is essential for the Filipino people to realize how important rehab centers

are in addressing the addiction issues in our country.

Rehabilitation is not an overnight solution; there is no scientific solution that

would promise you quick results. If it took drug dependents and alcoholics

a long time to succumb to their addictions, it will take some time for them

to completely turn away from it. But there is one thing that rehab centers

can guarantee the procedures used in these treatment institutions will

ensure that the results are long-lasting and effective.

1.3. Project Goals

Member countries among the United Nations have also adopted a set of 17

global goals known as the Sustainable Development Goals that act as a

universal call to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure the prosperity of

the worlds people. The Philippines, being a third world country, shall need

to prioritize certain goals to take on the problem of poverty, health and social

peace and justice.

Of the 17 goals listed, the proposed project shall prioritize the following

sustainable goals listed below:

1. To end poverty in all its forms everywhere,

2. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages,
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

3. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,

accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

In line with the sustainable goals above, the researchers goal for the

proposed rehabilitation center is to set new standards, in terms of design and

operation, for public health care and rehabilitation facilities in the

Philippines.

1.4. Project Objectives

1. The project aims to provide a facility that will rehabilitate people with

drug addiction in the province of Cagayan.

2. The project aims to study the significance and effects of therapeutic

architectural design and space on the treatment and reformation of patients

and addicts residing in drug rehabilitation centers when applied in the local

Philippine context.

3. The project aims to study the social impact of rehabilitation centers on

the reformation of drug addicts and their re-enter back to their respective

communities.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

1.5. Significance of the Project

The need to develop a Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addiction and

Alcoholism is beneficial to the following:

To the reformation and rehabilitation of drug addicts in the Philippines, the

research and the project can provide various architectural solutions that can

render psychological and therapeutical factors seen in the social

reintegration of these users to the public.

To serve as a potential standards for the improvement in the design towards

public health care facilities in the Philippines for the benefit of their users

and their beneficiaries.

To the advancement of the architectural community, this dissertation will

provide further information on architecture in accordance to the principles

of health facilities that can be improved upon by other professionals

practicing in this field.

1.6. Scope and Delimitations

The current lack of new drug rehabilitation centers in the Philippines shall

be the mien of the project to create a basic framework as to what extent the

project aims to cater. The proposed project focuses on the design and

development of a new Rehabilitation Center for Drugs and Alcoholism.

Additionally, the project also focuses on the drug users, addicts, and pushers

in the local area. The initial research shall involve a survey for those
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

currently residing at drug rehabilitation centers as to aid in the design stage

of the project.

The initial research is also designed to have thorough knowledge of

problems of the current problems in drug abuse treatment together with

common problems found in local drug rehabilitation centers.

The project, being public, will be in accordance to the local guidelines of

the Department of Health (DOH) for rehabilitation centers and treatment

facilities. Despite this, the proposed project will still integrate and focus on

applying new practical standards and technology that would aid in the

treatment of health care facilities.

1.7. Definition of Terms

- Addiction shall refer to the persistent compulsive use of a substance

known by the user to be harmful (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

- Alcohol shall refer to ethanol especially when considered as the

intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors (Merriam-Webster

Dictionary)

- Alcoholism shall refer to the a chronic disorder marked by excessive and

usually compulsive drinking of alcohol leading to psychological and

physical dependence or addiction (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

- DOH shall refer to the Philippine Department of Health. It is the principal

health agency in the Philippines and is responsible for ensuring access to

basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services.

(Department of Health)

- Drug shall refer to something and often an illegal substance that causes

addiction, habituation or a marked change in consciousness. (Merriam-

Webster Dictionary)

- Drug Abuse/Substance Abuse shall refer to the excessive use of a drug

(such as alcohol, narcotics, or cocaine) without medical justification

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

- PNP shall refer to the Philippine National Police. It is the armed, civilian

national police force of the Philippines.

- Pusher shall refer to the one that pushes illegal drugs

- Shabu shall refer to an amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine)

used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the

nervous system and as an appetite suppressant

- Rehab/Rehabilitation shall refer to a program for rehabilitating

especially drug or alcohol abusers

- Rehabilitation Center shall refer to a facility providing therapy and

training for rehabilitation.

- UN shall refer to United Nations

- UNESCO refers to The United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Education, a specialized agency of the United Nations

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

2. Chapter Two Review of Related Literature

The following are gathered and compiled materials from books, online published

journals, news articles and from internet sources all of which are related to this

proposed project.

2.1. Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment

2.1.1. Drug Addiction Treatment

Drug treatment is intended to help addicted individuals stop

compulsive drug seeking and use. Treatment can occur in a variety

of settings, take many different forms, and last for different lengths

of time. Because drug addiction is typically a chronic disorder

characterized by occasional relapses, a short-term, one-time

treatment is usually not sufficient. For many, treatment is a long-

term process that involves multiple interventions and regular

monitoring.

2.1.2. Approaches for Drug Addiction Treatment

There are a variety of evidence-based approaches to treating

addiction. Drug treatment can include behavioral therapy (such as

cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management),

medications, or their combination. The specific type of treatment or

combination of treatments will vary depending on the patients

individual needs and, often, on the types of drugs they use.

Treatment medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and

naltrexone (including a new long-acting formulation), are available

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

for individuals addicted to opioids, while nicotine preparations

(patches, gum, lozenges, and nasal spray) and the medications

varenicline and bupropion are available for individuals addicted to

tobacco. Disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone are medications

available for treating alcohol dependence,1 which commonly co-

occurs with other drug addictions, including addiction to

prescription medications.

Treatments for prescription drug abuse tend to be similar to those for

illicit drugs that affect the same brain systems. For example,

buprenorphine, used to treat heroin addiction, can also be used to

treat addiction to opioid pain medications. Addiction to prescription

stimulants, which affect the same brain systems as illicit stimulants

like cocaine, can be treated with behavioral therapies, as there are

not yet medications for treating addiction to these types of drugs.

Behavioral therapies can help motivate people to participate in drug

treatment, offer strategies for coping with drug cravings, teach ways

to avoid drugs and prevent relapse, and help individuals deal with

relapse if it occurs. Behavioral therapies can also help people

improve communication, relationship, and parenting skills, as well

as family dynamics.

Many treatment programs employ both individual and group

therapies. Group therapy can provide social reinforcement and help

enforce behavioral contingencies that promote abstinence and a non-

drug-using lifestyle. Some of the more established behavioral

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

treatments, such as contingency management and cognitive-

behavioral therapy, are also being adapted for group settings to

improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, particularly in

adolescents, there can also be a danger of unintended harmful (or

iatrogenic) effects of group treatmentsometimes group members

(especially groups of highly delinquent youth) can reinforce drug

use and thereby derail the purpose of the therapy. Thus, trained

counselors should be aware of and monitor for such effects.

Because they work on different aspects of addiction, combinations

of behavioral therapies and medications (when available) generally

appear to be more effective than either approach used alone.

2.1.3. Related Health Problems

People who are addicted to drugs often suffer from other health (e.g.,

depression, HIV), occupational, legal, familial, and social problems

that should be addressed concurrently. The best programs provide a

combination of therapies and other services to meet an individual

patients needs. Psychoactive medications, such as antidepressants,

anti-anxiety agents, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotic

medications, may be critical for treatment success when patients

have co-occurring mental disorders such as depression, anxiety

disorders (including post-traumatic stress disorder), bipolar

disorder, or schizophrenia. In addition, most people with severe

addiction abuse multiple drugs and require treatment for all

substances abused.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

2.1.4. Process of Drug Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation centers start action by readying all psychological

factor of patient, including the level of addiction of patient and their

common background, to make a decision of the way of treatment. A

patient is advised, and at times given medicine. There is whole series

of treatment to select from. Time required for recovering changes

from person to person. Money could be a main control for handling.

Mainly treatment program is expensive, other than few helpful

centers.

It is important to keep patient away from the surrounding or public

where the addiction began while selecting rehabilitation center. An

outpatient handling program is sufficient, in early period of

addiction. Those patients whose history with alcohol addiction

requires an inpatient management program wherein patients

improvement is monitored all the day and is supervised. This type of

treatment is done in a housing surrounding or in hospital that offers

control like hospital.

2.2. Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines

2.2.1. Expense of Drug Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is expensive, but addressing a persons addiction

issues will cost more in the long run and can be very harmful to both

him and to the people around him. This is true particularly for severe

SUBSTANCE addiction issues such as illegal drugs and alcohol,

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

which not only corrupts a persons sanity and personality, but also

causes a persons body to breakdown much faster than it should.

Every time a person abuses alcohol and drugs, it dramatically

increases the possibility of liver, brain and heart diseases. In this

situation, it is actually sensible to invest to a rehabilitation facility to

prevent further damages than to spend the money to the treatment of

its associated illnesses. Not only that it is beneficial to the health

aspect but also covers the financial side of the issue.

Seeking professional help from rehab centres is also favorable to the

familial and social aspect. Most of the programs of these facilities

include family therapies that allow family members to show their

full support to the patient. This family support systems provide the

patient the motivation and inspiration he needs in order to continue

walking on the right path. Rehab programs also involve social

reintegration so that recovering individuals will have an easier return

to the society. In fact, there are many private rehab centers in the

Philippines that provide jobs for their residents who just completed

their rehab program.

There are around 60 rehabilitation centers in the Philippines, and

most, if not all, are fully equipped to cater to the needs of drug or

alcohol addiction victims. Privately owned rehab facilities usually

cost more, with monthly prices ranging from 10,000.00 PhP

100,000.00 PhP, depending on the facility and the type of

rehabilitation that a patient may require. Government operated rehab

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

centers cost less, with monthly fees ranging from 5,000.00 PhP

10,000.00 PhP. For people who cannot afford to pay for monthly

rehabilitation fees, most government-run rehab centers offer free

rehabilitation programs. All you need is to visit your local

government office to know more about the admission requirements

and what local agency can help you.

The monthly fees cover the patients stay, the rehabilitation

programs and most often, the day-to-day needs of the person. In

government operated rehab centers, daily necessities such as food

and water are taken care of by government funding, while in

privately-owned rehab centers, they usually charge additional

monthly personal allowance fees.

2.2.2. Low Rehabilitation Rate for Filipinos

In the Philippines, a lot of people suffering from drug or alcohol

addictions prefer not to have themselves rehabilitated mostly for two

reasons: the fear of being discriminated by others for having an

addiction, and the concern to the costs and fees with doubts of

whether or not the rehabilitation will succeed in taking away that

persons addictions.

This is a result of a misunderstanding of the effectiveness of

rehabilitation in the community. We need to have campaigns that

will make people aware of the danger of leaving the victims of

addiction as they are and the positive and long-term results of having

them rehabilitated. As said earlier, when viewed in the proper

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

perspective, undergoing rehabilitation effectively costs less

compared to not doing anything at all. People who have been

diagnosed and treated early will expect less expenditures and will

have a better chance of recovery.

2.2.3. Disadvantages of Rehabilitation Centers

A certain mindset exists in a lot of people that prevent those with

addiction issues to have themselves rehabilitated. A lot of people

believe that treatment facilities who charge less expensive fees have

less equipment and less effective rehabilitation programs, which

cause them to conclude that having ones self rehabilitated in one of

the less expensive rehab centers, would be a complete waste of

money.

While there is truth in the fact that more expensive treatment

facilities can afford to purchase advanced equipment or construct

very comfortable spaces for the rehabilitation patients, it does not

guarantee that these facilities are the best in effectively treating drug

or alcohol addiction issues. A lot of government-run institutions

have volunteer specialists that are among the best in their field, and

design rehabilitation programs that are effective in treating addiction

issues. It goes without saying though, that the environment does

contribute to the speed of rehabilitation, which is one of the strengths

of privately owned rehab centers.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

2.2.4. The Lack of Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines

Lack of drug rehabilitation centers as well as poor success rate in

helping substance abusers are lingering problems in the drug war.

Dangerous Drugs Board chairman Felipe Rojas Sr. told senators

during a hearing on the multi-sectoral campaign against illegal drugs

that the success rate of the rehabilitation programs was a mere 24

percent. Assistant Secretary Elmer Punzalan of the Department of

Health said that the cost of rehabilitating drug users was P10,000 per

patient per month. Ideally, each province should have at least one

rehabilitation center but the reality is that there are only four existing

regional rehabilitation centers around the country, Punzalan said.

According to Rojas, these are obviously not enough to accommodate

the drug users now surrendering for fear of being killed in the course

of the governments anti-illegal drugs campaign. All in all, there are

only 44 drug rehabilitation centers across the country and these can

only hold a maximum of 5,000 persons. Of the 44 drug rehabilitation

centers, 15 are state-run while the rest are privately operated.

2.3. Therapeutic Architecture

2.3.1. Therapeutic Community in Drug Rehabilitation

It must only be a foundation or facility in name. In essence, the

therapeutic community should become society away from society,

a shadow of reality for those with the determination or even so, the

decisive push by family and relatives to rediscover and re-coordinate

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

that inner creativity self, the social and individual personality lost

through drug abuse. As argued, this type of healing process, its

residential philosophy aside (and this is where architectural design

comes in), does not usually apply to a fixed setting , but rather to

the principles of the care that is offereda communal approach

which is also democratic, collaborative and encourages

participation.

Thomas Main was the British psychoanalyst who coined this term in

the 1950s, as the response of psychoanalysis to the failure of

psychiatry, incarceration programmes which viewed addicts as mere

criminals and stigmatized them as outcasts or even mentally

disturbed through abuse, as well as purely medication approaches.

Strangely enough though the therapeutic community model

developed by Maine and other analysts was based on a world war

two experience in Britain, as army psychiatrists, who had to deal

with hundreds of traumatized soldiers returning from the front,

considered, in their desperation from the failure of the conventional

medication or one to one therapy approach, to apply a group method

that would allow those who had suffered severe distress to overcome

their psychological fears and return to the front as

physically and emotionally healthy as possible.

The psychiatrists at Northfield Hospital in Birmingham decided to

focus on the unit as a whole rather than on individual problems; they

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

structured the wards as communities, encouraging mutual support

and cooperation in living.

Instead of medication treatment therefore, they provided the

necessary tools to the community of patients in dealing with their

own problems, making them part of the process with which they

could overcome their traumatic experiences. As Crampling notes,

this later became known as the living-learning method. Maine took

this and applied a psychoanalytic approach to it. Some later

appropriately dubbed it social psychiatry. It formed the beginnings

of an attempt to consider drug rehabilitation as a psychological

awakening through a group environment, in which members (not

patients) and experienced professionals interact in a setting

promoting trust and individuals are encouraged to become part of a

community with the goal of rebuilding their social skills, such as

responsibility and integration. This community philosophy

essentially places the healing process into the hands of addicts

themselves in a controlled and voluntary but not institutionalized

environment, finding methods that allow them to rebuild their ability

of dealing independently with their own problems.

Architecture fits into this process, as the outer shell providing the

necessary support to the inner self-corrective therapy. There are of

course no guarantees of success in such cases. However, at least the

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

connection of interior design and community spirit as a means of

molding a socially functioning individual forms an alternative that

puts the individual first, as opposed to the medication institution like

processes that have not managed to make any headway, both in

attracting the trust of addicts who make the step to rehabilitation, as

well as eradicating existing prejudices and public opinion views. The

therapeutic community, as referred to earlier in the paper is not about

being locked in, but a home in which the individual with the need

for care, becomes part of the method of their gradual return to

physical and emotional health, they become involved in the

decision-making process, improving their creativity through the

group. The basic premise is to become the change within themselves,

to sense that even though they live in a treatment community, the

environment surrounding them is one in which they feel not part of

the problem, but part of the solution on their way to re-learning the

social process.

2.3.2. Therapeutic Architecture in Drug Rehabilitation

If drug addiction rehabilitation is mostly about bringing positive

feelings to the fore and helping to build a new identity for members

of therapeutic communities, then architectural design, is perhaps the

most decisive of factors in how space is utilized, both in practical

terms and landscape wise, to uplift the spirit and provide the
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

necessary environment in which community daily life and activities

can become most effective. Christopher Day believes that buildings

have the life the architect gives them, a personality that is either

positive or negative, and that aura is captured by those who reside in

them.

The more felt are buildings, the more connected to rhythms of

daythey value the individuals they will houseenvironment can

heal as well as harmplaces of spiritnourish both individual and

society.

A host of studies have shown that the surrounding environment, the

place as a physical sense, is associated with drug addiction risks.

Starting from this premise it can be said that building design is

more than just a backdrop to health issues, but is more of a forefront.

A wide ranging research paper pointing to the need for safer

environment interventions, even though its main topic might be drug

injection in public, comes to a conclusion highly relevant to

the importance of place as both physical and social in nature.

Place is not simply a set of coordinates, but is constructed through

finding meaning in the social and built forms we inhabit.

In other words, the building, a city and the way it is designed does

not just form slabs of concrete, but is literally a social construction,

that can have an influence on those who reside in it. As outlined

earlier, this is truer of people, in this case, addicts who are in

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

a process of rehabilitation, a tough community healing program that

seeks to root out their negativity. In such an instance, the energy and

individuality their residence might project could be crucial in how

they respond to this process. Color, the way they are able to move

within the building, staircases, connections between rooms,

surrounding nature can all play a role, as will be analyzed, not just

in underpinning the mood of the residents, but also whether they feel

welcome in the building, whether it forms a connection to their

emotions and physical presence and by extension if it provides a

motivation for them to follow the program. A rehabilitation center

in the Netherlands has left nothing to chance, paying particular

attention to natural but also artificial lighting as both aspects of mood

and energy.

Natural daylight deep in the heart of the 30 meters wide building

was allowed. The interior was enlivened by interplay of striking but

subtle color and direct and indirect artificial lighting.

The same connections are made about color, with Day pointing out

that preference in this case is highly personal. For the individual in

a therapeutic community the slightest detail in a room, be it

his personal space or a place of group therapy and activities might

affect the way the individual receives the treatment, bringing about

as negative physical or psychological reaction.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

How different is the living grey of an overcast sky or a blue wash

over brown to the dead grey of a concrete wall.

Clearly, a building balance or imbalance, whether be it color,

the light in a building, design or even the length of a corridor can

affect the way in which residents in a therapeutic community react

to the energy of the space and can relax and release themselves. The

example of a group therapy session in Reading, England, provides

quite an amazing example of how architectural space can play with

the psychology of the individual, particularly so when this is a

member of a therapeutic community, seeking positivity. The

Winterburn Community had moved to a new home and as described,

although the building had much more pleasant small group rooms,

the large therapy group room looked much smaller than they were

used to. And this was not the only detail. The community previously

lived in an old mental hospital, so were not used to the modern

amenities of the new abode. Even transition to new surroundings can

have its effects.

The dependency culture of being in an old asylum was

symbolized every lunch time when the food was delivered and

plugged in by a porter.

In essence, the daily life within community housing individuals who

need to feel as close to a home as possible must be designed having

buildings in mind that are both practical but also do away with any
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

institutionalized emotions. According to Leibrock researchers in the

field of anthroposophic medicine have maintained that color can be

a major contributing factor towards patients regaining health. She

describes green as a color which is psychologically perceived as

providing safe refuge, while coral, peach and yellow are seen as

warmer choices for a dining room and blue is considered relaxing.

2.3.3. Kinesthetics and Landscaping

Kinesthesia is the exploration of our environment through

movement; this can be movement with the eyes or with

our body

The sense of movement in a space, deriving from the combination

of the Greek words kinisi and aisthisi has been said to affect the

way the individual reacts to the building, how it marks their

behaviour, mood, how it creates and maintains a positive or

negative attitude to the particular situation they are facing.

Architecture can become a strong determinant in the successful

kinesthetics of individuals, particularly in the case of people with

psychological imbalances such as drug addicts, who have joined

therapeutic communities seeking to regain the peace of their inner-

self in order to build or regain their social identity. So the way they

are able to physically interact with their surroundings, the

kinesthetics of human bodies, can be said to be decisive in how they

adapt to their daily routine in a group community.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Ziada, utilizing the model of the ritual space of Muslim mosques and

Soviet assemblies, argues that building spaces for collective

activities, (much like therapeutic communities), can, through their

design, produce a positive sense of kinesthetics in individuals, who

are in situation of conjoined attention and communal practice.

For people in drug reformation this can be said to be highly relevant,

as they need to adapt to their new tasks and responsibilities and learn

new skills that can change their mobility in a positive manner. So in

other words, improving ones kinesthetic skills in a setting that

encourages techniques and therapies to do so is a highly significant

step towards an improved physical presence that also brings about

internal changes. In simple terms, building positivity produces body

positivity, as well as techniques to further improve this positivity.

Besides, movement is a major part of sensory perception. According

to Dutch architect Jasper Schaap, who co-wrote the paper Design

your own Mind in 2009, contemporary architecture must turn the

tide of its alienation, through buildings that are not monochromic

and mono-visual, spaces that participate and affect human

movement and action, designs which encourage multi-sensory

perception, bringing to the fore the power of the senses, beyond the

visual and the spatial. As the Design your own Mind researchers

point out, buildings which encourage a highly positive sense

of kinesthesia, connect with the individuals that reside in them. The

Schaap thesis is that moving through space with the body,

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

automatically makes the architecture experience less static. What

Pallasmaa (cited in the paper) calls the eyes of the skin. If you

manage to wake up these eyes, the building immediately becomes a

source of positive energy of particular importance to drug addicts

who need to develop a new self.

If we succeed in enticing the senses, people can participate again

in their surroundings and regain their identity in the contemporary

world

A 2000 paper on a Rehabilitation and Education village for Drug

Addicts uses the same premise in designing an art therapy room.

The senses are prodded through a wide space that allows rich

daylight, distance between individuals so each one can feel the space

of their own creativity, as well as an informal furniture setting, that

further encourages a spontaneous reaction, limiting the emotion, the

perception of you will, that this is an exercise or an obligatory

activity.

But landscape can also contribute to a heightened positive

kinesthesia in therapeutic communities, with Ling providing the case

study of The Good Samaritan Regional Medical Centre in Arizona,

whereby the space triggers the senses through an award winning

health design. The surrounding garden awakens

patients senses of sight, smell and touch, prompting body

movement by inspiring the patient to explore the garden.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Water flowing through the garden as well as proximity of plants to

all patients, allows, as pointed out in the Ling paper, the interactive

sense of touch.

2.4. Case Studies

2.4.1. International Case Studies (Outside Philippines)

Proyekto Hombre by Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos

This building was created in response to the need to accommodate

new facilities to the HQ of Proyecto hombre in the city of Santiago

de Compostela.

This initiative works to identify social problems that lead to

addiction and seeks to regain the autonomy and responsibility to

bring the individual back to being an active member of society.

To achieve this it is necessary to work from both a therapeutic and

educational setting. This building is devised to adopt this inclusive

idea, to accompany the individual in his recovery with its peaceful

architecture.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

The building is a shelter for the

life that takes place in it, a serene

space, unpretentious, with a

strong presence and to endure.

The approach of this work

follows a simple horizontal line,

able to visually express one

direction, movement and development.

The new headquarters of Proyecto hombre is an architectural space

that revolves around the individual. It is a multifunctional structure

that is developed in horizontal surfaces interconnected to each other

and which houses the following services: outpatient therapy area,

administrative area, residential area, workshop area and sports area.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Centre by Kuch

Stephenson Gibson Malo Architects and Engineer + Montgomery

Sisam Architects

The Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Centre provides

residential and non-residential services for the treatment of

addictions including drug and alcohol, gambling and eating

disorders, among others.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

The organizing spine of

the building, called the

Hall of Recovery, is

where clients are

introduced and oriented

to this dignified, calm

and welcoming setting.

The building has been

arranged around two

landscaped courts: one for residential clients and the other for non-

residential clients. Both courts provide a safe environment and are

used for various therapeutic programmes. The spiritual space has

been designed in a circular form to be respectful of the aboriginal

community, who make up a large portion of the client population.

The St Josephs Care Group was very eager to embrace the

principles of sustainable design from the onset, particularly as they

relate to their mission to provide holistic care. It was understood

early on that a healthy building environment can be an essential part

of the healing process and that environmental stewardship equates

to compassionate care for all. The building is targeting LEED

Gold, the first in north-western Ontario. Results are pending

approval of the Canadian Green Building Council.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

2.4.2. Local Case Studies (Within the Philippines)

BALAY Rehabilitation Center, Diliman, Quezon City

The BALAY Rehabilitation Center, Inc. is an organization that

practices psychosocial rehabilitation and is committed to the

promotion and protection of human rights. It particularly provides

psychosocial services and advocacy support to persons deprived of

liberty due to political circumstances, survivors of torture and other

forms of organized political violence. This includes political

prisoners and individuals and communities displaced by wars and

armed conflicts. It also provides services to survivors of massacres

and extra-judicial killings and their families.

The center supports young people at risks, particularly children in

situations of armed conflicts and those who have encountered torture

and other forms of state violence. It lends humanitarian assistance to

those displaced and stricken by natural disasters as well, subjects to

its capacities and resources.

The facility upholds the integrity of all human beings as it respects

the interconnectivity of the different forms of life. It aspires for a

society where the right and dignity of every person is respected; and

where the people are free to express their ideas and political

viewpoint and can exercise without fear of oppression their options

for social, economic and cultural development.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

BALAY envisions a society where peoples of different ethnicity and

faith, including the children and young people, are living a

meaningful life free from fear and want and discrimination. A

society where the people can exercise informed citizenship and

practice a culture of peace as they strive to attain the development of

their full human potential.

3. Chapter Three Research Methodology

3.1. Research Proper

For better understanding and pursuance of the project, studies and research

were conducted by the researcher in order to come up with the best solution

possible. To gather the necessary data and information needed for the task,

both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gain a broader

perspective regarding the topic.

All these methods for data gathering were required in order for the

researcher to come up with a realistic solution that will address the current

problem and condition of the site.

3.1.1. Descriptive Research

The researcher utilized this strategy to depict and underline current

conditions, circumstances, practices and structure of existing

comparable facilities.

Through compiling and analyzing different data and information

from online sources, books, reports and news articles were utilized

by the researcher to produce various results.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

3.1.2. Case Study Approach

Studies conducted by the researcher in similar projects and facilities

provided information on how to innovate, improve and/or create a

brand new facility into a new study or project. Evaluating and

carefully studying these case studies helped the researcher in

addressing various issues and problems and has incorporated new

design strategies and solutions for the proposed project and the

surrounding community.

3.2. Research Participants

The participants in this study were people significant to the local health and

government institutions of the city, and the city itself. Among the

participants were the current teachers, professors and administrative heads

of local health institutions, current and former political leaders of

Tuguegarao and Cagayan Province, current and former heads and positioned

staff of the Department of Health agencies, the employed workers and staff

in the local health facilities, the professional and experts in the field of

architecture and engineering involved in similar buildings, structures and

facilities, the drug users, drug addicts residing in drug treatment and

rehabilitation facilities, residents of Cagayan Province and their respective

parents and family members, local police officers and all those involved

with existing similar facilities around the Philippines.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

3.3. Research Instruments

Various research instruments and methods were used by the researcher

throughout the entirety of the study and research period.

3.3.1. Case Studies and Resource Centers

To make use of the descriptive research method, the researcher had

made use of online articles, journals, library books, handbooks,

archives, online articles and journals that are relevant to the study.

Topics comprising or related to design, existing conditions, policies

and programs, environmental studies, case studies, etc.

The following are vital resource centers for the researcher:

The Internet allows for the broad research of related

literature and journals from various countries that may

provide as potential case studies to the project.

The UST Central Library and the UST Medical Building

Library has a good collection of resource data and

information regarding minor information needed to support

the project proposal. Relevant data pertaining to the designs,

trends, creative industry, and Architecture related researches

are found in the Humanities section, 5th level; and for locally

related archives, data and case studies, at the Filipinana

Section, 4th level of the library.

The UST Central Library and the UST Medical Building

Library has a good collection of resource data and

information regarding minor information needed to support

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

the project proposal. Relevant data pertaining to the designs,

trends, creative industry, and Architecture related researches

are found in the Humanities section, 5th level; and for locally

related archives, data and case studies, at the Filipinana

Section, 4th level of the library.

The DOH Central Library offers an open stack area

consisting the General Collection, WHO Publications and

DOH Publications sections. There are six OPAC stations

with access to Internet.

The Resource Center for Health System Development

(RCHSD) portal is the virtual repository of knowledge on

health system development of the Department of Health

(DOH).

National Epidemiology Center (NEC) Library provides

materials and services to meet the instructional research and

extension needs of all FETP fellows and staff that may

provide sufficient aid and relevance to the research.

3.3.2. Ocular Inspection and Site Reconnaissance

Experiencing the events, running of errands and paper works, and

careful observation of the research participants, community

members and suggested users helped the research with providing

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

more information and workflow that will contributed to the success

of the proposed project and development.

3.3.3. Photo Documentation

This tool was used to keep track of the activities of the researcher in

times when the researcher forgot or missed out any details about the

site and its surroundings.

3.3.4. Interviews

This method was conducted by gathering information from

important and reliable informants by means of scheduling personal

interviews. The questions formulated and asked were related to the

projects feasibility, impact, relevance and other technical data that

the correspondent may give. This research method became

beneficial for the study as it provided various opinions and inputs

for the proposed project.

3.3.5. Observation Analysis

This method was conducted by gathering information from

immersion and observance in related facilities.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4. Chapter Four Site Profile

This section examines the site criteria, the investigation and the different procedures

in deciding the conceivable and most reasonable site for the venture. It additionally

incorporates the history, physical profile and area of the site picked.

4.1. Site Selection Criteria

4.1.1. Land Size

For Rehabilitation Centers, a lot size of at least 400 sq.m for every

30 patients is required for the project; as required by the Department

of Health Planning Guidelines for the Manual Operations of Drug

Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers. The proposed project

will accommodate a maximum of 300 beds with the minimum area

of 4000 sq.m or 0.4 hectares.

4.1.2. Soil Character

It is recommended that the site features load-bearing type soils. At

the event that the existing site may feature soil types of clay loam,

sandy loam and similar types, the proposed project may require

additional cost for structural foundation of the facility.

4.1.3. Topography

As much as possible, site must be relatively flat for areas to be used

for medical equipment and medical aids such as wheel chairs.

Outdoor spaces for the intention of outdoor activities, may be

located in lower or higher elevations at a considerate level for

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

disabled patients. A slope of 0%-5% is recommended, though, not

required.

4.1.4. Geological Character

Projects site does not require sloping terrains. For user safety, site

may not be located at least five (5) kilometers of any fault line.

Nearby volcanic activity will be avoided as well. Lastly, site will not

feature mines, quarries, and ore deposits as material production is

not part of project parameters.

4.1.5. Climate Character

Conditions, such as constant rain, extreme heat and humidity, will

be avoided for this project to ensure the health and wellbeing of

users. Average temperature of 28o-30o C and an average humidity

of 75%-80% is recommended.

4.1.6. Natural Features

Existing green areas are not a requirement for the project. As much

as possible, vegetation and trees at the sites perimeter may be kept

as noise buffer. Existing vegetation may be integrated into the

proposed structures planning and design. The site does not require

a body of water, natural and/or artificial.

4.1.7. Environmental Concerns

Project aims to be as minimally intrusive as possible. Protected

wildlife and forest areas will be off limits for the institution. Site
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

will not be located along coastal areas as well. Additionally, it is

recommended that the project is not located in heritage districts.

4.1.8. Accessibility and Transportation

Site must be accessible to members of Class C-D. Public utility

vehicles (PUV), bus, jeepneys and other modes of alternative

transport must have routes that pass through the area.

4.1.9. Adjacent Structures

Existing establishments are not a requirement, but it is recommended

that the site may be supplemented by nearby surrounding facilities

(at least 2 kilometers away) like hospitals, government buildings and

other institutional buildings that may be considered as nearby

relevant infrastructure to aid the project. It is also recommended to

avoid nearby commercial and residential areas as to include the

consideration of privacy for the users of the proposed rehabilitation

center.

4.1.10. Security

Site may be located away from illegal housing settlements to prevent

unwanted interventions in the health facility. A nearby police

outpost or center is not required, though, the presence of one will

greatly aid the project.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.1.11. Utilities

Utilities, such as electricity, and water supply, must be provided for

site. Connection to main sewage line is a consideration as project

will produce a moderate volume of wastewater. Garbage collection

routes must also pass through site.

4.1.12. Land Value

Considering budget constraints, site selection will be restricted to

low cost areas. Special provisions for high cost areas may be

allowed, given donors/sponsors are available for the project.

4.2. Site Justification

Amidst the current drug war in the Philippines, multiple regions and

provinces have joined the agenda of putting up more rehabilitation centers

to accommodate the increasingly growing rate of drug surrenderees around

the Philippines. The researcher had decided to choose a site that would need

most a Drug Rehabiliation Facility in its area. As of September 2016, it was

drastically announced that Region 2 (Cagayan Valley Region) would need

more rehabilitation centers in its 4 provinces. In these 4 provinces, Cagayan

Province prevailed with the most number of drug surrenderees with the

highest population of 7,528, with Isabela Province coming at second with

6,588. It was then decided by the researcher to choose Tuguegarao City, as

the chosen site due to its institutional context to the proposed Rehabiliation

Center of the researcher and designer, and the city being the Institutional

Capital of Cagayan Province.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.3. Macro Site Analysis

4.3.1. Historical Background

4.3.1.1. History of Name

There are several versions of the origin of the name,

Tuguegarao. One is the abundance of "tarrao" trees in the

area. Another is "garrao" meaning swift current, possibly

of the Pinacanauan River. Another is from the word

"tuggui" meaning fire. Another recorded version is, the

town was formerly called Twerao by the people of the

northern towns. Still another is that the name Tuguegarao

comes from two Ibanag words "tuggui" (fire) and

"aggao" (day), possibly referring to a daytime fire that

happened in the town.

However, the version most accepted is that the name

Tuguegarao comes from the sentence "Tuggui gari yaw",

meaning "This was cleared by fire" possibly referring to

the kaingin areas pointed by the natives to the Spaniards.

This means therefore that the town, Tuguegarao, was

carved out of the wilderness by fire

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.3.2. Demographics

4.3.2.1. Tuguegarao City

Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing

(CPH), Tuguegarao City, a second-class component city

in the province of Cagayan, Region II, posted a total

population of 153,502 persons as of May 1, 2010. The

city currently has the highest population among the cities

in Region 2.

4.3.2.2. Household Profile

Tuguegarao City has an average of 4.7 persons per

household, which is higher than the national average of

4.6 in the Philippines.

4.3.2.3. Drug Dependency

There is currently no drug-free barangays in the

Tuguegarao City. Cagayan province has the highest

population of drug surrenderees compared to its

neighboring provinces in the region with an estimated

population of 7,528 surrenderees.

4.3.3. Land Use and Zoning

4.3.3.1. Land Area

Tuguegarao City, a second-class component city of

Region 2, has an area of 144,800 hectares, or 144.8 sq. It

is politically divided into 49 barangays, 31 of which are

urban.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.3.3.2. Land Use

Existing Land Use Map for the City of Davao (2011)

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Detailed Land Use Plan for the City of Tuguegarao (1993-2022)

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.4.3.3. General Site Zoning

Institutional Zone

Tuguegarao City is considered both the regional center

of Region 2 (Cagayan Valley) and the institutional

capital of Cagayan Province. The city currently has 3

major institutional zones and barangays namely, Centro,

Carig and Cagay with each one having a number of

institutional and government buildings within.

4.3.4. Geotechnical Information

4.3.4.1. Geographical Location

Tuguegarao City is located at the Northern part of

mainland Luzon covering an area of about 26,858 sq. km

or about 2.7 hectares. It is located on a peninsula

surrounded by the Cagayan and Pinacanauan Rivers. The

Pinacanauan joins the Cagayan River in Tuguegarao. It

is bounded on the east by the Sierra Mountain Range, on

the west by the Caraballo and Cordillera Ranges, and on

the north by the South China Sea.

4.3.4.2. Topography

Due to the citys perimeter being surrounded by the

Cagayan River and Pinacanauan River.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.3.4.3. Climate

Tuguegarao City owns the highest temperature ever

recorded in the Philippines at 42.2 degrees Celsius or

108.0 degrees Fahrenheit. Average temperatures of the

city during March and April is at 38 degrees Celsius or

100 degrees Fahrenheit, one of the highest in the

Philippines.

4.3.4.4. Soil

The soil in and around Tuguegarao consists of clayey soil

in the hilly areas and the sand and sand/gravel in the

alluvial plain. Abundant fine sand is distributed along the

rivers and waterways of the city. The sand could be

recommended to be used as embankment for structures

to save the amount of the expensive clay material due to

long distances required for transportation and how

existing clay soils within the city are vulnerable to

erosion.

4.3.4.5. Slope

About 26% of the total area of the region or 5,021.48 sq.

kms. has slope range of 0-8%. These areas, which maybe

for non-forest purposes, e.g. agriculture, industries and

settlement.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.3.4.6. Water Resources

Tuguegarao city is bordered by two bodies of water,

namely Cagayan River at its north and the Pinacanauan

River at its south. The main water system in Tuguegarao

is run by The Metropolitan Tuguegarao Water District

(MTWD), a local government-run water district, to serve

the water needs of the city

4.3.4.7. Infrastructure

Tuguegarao City, being considered the regional center of

Region 2 and institutional capital of the Cagayan

Province, houses a great number of health, government

and educational institutions within the city. The city also

currently houses one of the 4 airports of Region 2,

namely Tuguegarao Airport. The Tuguegarao Airport

was classified as secondary, which services mainly to the

nearby citys institutional centers and its locality. As of

January 2017, there are currently five (5) proposed and

approved major infrastructure projects on their way in the

city ; Rehabilitation of Tuguegarao Airport, Declogging

of Existing Drainage Canal of Tuguegarao Airport,

Construction of School Library Building of Tuguegarao

West Central School, Construction of One (1) Storey

Classroom Building in Carig Sur Elementary School, and

the Construction of One (1) Storey Primary School in

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Carig Norte. There is currently no proposed

rehabilitation center for drug addiction amidst the citys

high rate of drug surrenderees.

Tuguegarao city also accommodates other infrastructure

namely, bus/jeep/taxi terminals, carbarns, depots, freight

storage and buildings, airport and related facilities,

piers/harbords/dockyards, power plants/stations,

telecommunication facilities, water pumping stations,

seaports and other related facilities

4.4. Micro Site Analysis

For better understanding and pursuance of the project, studies and research

were conducted by the researcher in order to come up with the best solution

possible. To gather the necessary data and information needed for the task,

both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gain a broader

perspective regarding the topic.

Adjacent structures are factors to be considered in analyzing a project site.

More than the immediate structure of the site, areas of interests within the

particular ranges of the site can also be checked that they may be beneficial

to the proposed project.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

20km Radius from Site

5km Radius from Site

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.4.1. Vicinity

Location Map

Vicinity Map
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.4.2. Site Profile

The site is located at the barangay of Carig Norte across the Police

Regional Center of Tuguegarao. Carig Norte houses the major

institutional zones in the city. The site is within one of the regional

institutional zones with close proximity to other relevant

institutional facilities in the area within a kilometer or two away..

Nearby facilities and institutions include the Police Regional Center,

Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines. The Cagayan Valley

Medical Center Drug Testing Laboratory, Cagayan Provincial

Capitol and the Carig Regional Center which houses the main

government buildings and institutions in Tuguegarao.

4.4.2.1. Land Profile

The chosen site is a 1.1 hectare or 11,325 sqm. parcel of

land located at Barangay Carig Norte, Cagayan Province.

Its land area is justified as the proposed project will

function as a residential-sprawling type of rehabilitation

center in the province.

4.4.2.2. Soil Character

Carig Norte has two soil types namely 570-Carig Clay

Loam and 571-Carig Loam. Carig Clay Loam has a scope

of 46,405 hectares in the two barangays of Carig (Carig

Sur and Carig Norte) as well as near municilipalities such

as Baggao, Iguig, Lal-lo, Gattaaran and Lasam.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.4.2.3. Topography

The site is located at a leveled ground. The slop does not

exceed 5% making development of the proposed project

more feasible.

4.4.2.4. Flood Map

The site of the proposed project is situated 2 kilometers

away from the banks of the Pinacanauan River. Despite

this, the site does not have any present flood risk with the

lowest risk level in DPWHs Flood Hazard Map of

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Province.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.4.2.5. Geological Character

The site of the proposed project is situated 2 kilometers

away from the banks of the Pinacanauan River. Despite

this, the site does not have any present flood risk with the

lowest risk level in DPWHs Flood Hazard Map of

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Province.

4.4.2.6. Climate Character

The climate of the proposed projects site is very tropical.

Tuguegarao owns the highest temperature ever recorded

in the Philippines at 42.2 degrees Celsius or 108.0

degrees Fahrenheit. Average temperatures of the city

during March and April is at 38 degrees Celsius or 100

degrees Fahrenheit, one of the highest in the Philippines.

4.4.2.7. Natural Features

The site presents a dense number of existing trees and

vegetation within and just outside the lot and road

boundaries. Addition of greenery within the proposed

project is recommended.

4.4.2.8. Environmental Concerns

The site is not classified as a natural conservation area

and is located within an institutional zone of the region

and thus allows for the construction of a rehabilitation

center.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

4.4.2.9. Transportation and Accessibility

The site is located along a two way road that connects to

a main highway Pan-Philippine Highway that connects

to other main barangays of the city. The site is also

located at an estimate of 2 kilometers away from the

Tuguegarao Airport, the only existing airport inside the

city.

4.4.2.10. Adjacent Structures

The site is located across to the Police Regional Center

of Tuguegarao with other no other existing buildings

beside it as security and privacy are two factors majorly

considered in the proposed project. That said, the site is

1-2 kilometers away from other institutional buildings of

the regional area.

4.5. Site Analysis

The site is a 1.7 hectare site located at the barangay of Carig Norte across

the Police Regional Center of Tuguegarao. Carig Norte houses the major

institutional zones in the city. The site is within one of the regional

institutional zones with close proximity to other relevant institutional

facilities in the area within a kilometer or two away.. Nearby facilities and

institutions include the Police Regional Center, Medical Colleges of

Northern Philippines. The Cagayan Valley Medical Center Drug Testing

Laboratory, Cagayan Provincial Capitol and the Carig Regional Center

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

which houses the main government buildings and institutions in

Tuguegarao.

As seen in the figure below, there are not obstructions, natural/and or

artificial, that shield the site from the natural elements. Surrounding

development is categorized as institutional and residential.

4.5.1. S.W.O.T. (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)

Analysis

4.5.1.1. Strengths

The site is located right across the Police Regional Office

which greatly pertains to better security and safety

considerations for the site and the proposed project. The

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

sites location also adds to the privacy of the users of the

facility.

4.5.1.2. Weaknesses

The site is only accessible through one existing road that

may be difficult to find without landmarks. Although

privacy and security being two of the major

considerations, its seclusion from the public may create

a negative social impact for the users of the proposed

rehabilitation facility.

4.5.1.3. Opportunities

The site is located within 1-2 kilometers away from

relevant institutional facilities like the Medical Colleges

of Northern Philippines and the Cagayan Valley Medical

Center Drug Testing Laboratory. This creates

opportunities for further research from these institutions

that may aid help the project, the facility and its users.

4.5.1.4. Threats

The site does not show any threats pertaining to flooding,

but due to the city and the provinces geography over the

Philippine archipelago, the site may be bound to weather

abnormalities like extreme heat and rain fall. The site is

not near nor on an existing fault line in the area/region.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5. Chapter Five Project Profile

5.1. Market Analysis

5.2. Profile of the Client

The Department of Health (DOH) holds the over-all technical authority on

health as it is a national health policy-maker and regulatory institution.

Basically, the DOH has three major roles in the health sector: (1) leadership

in health; (2) enabler and capacity builder; and (3) administrator of specific

services. Its mandate is to develop national plans, technical standards, and

guidelines on health. Aside from being the regulator of all health services

and products, the DOH is the provider of special tertiary health care services

and technical assistance to health providers and stakeholders.

Together with its attached agencies, the DOH constituted of various

central bureaus and services in the Central Office, Centers for Health

Development (CHD) in every region, and DOH-retained hospitals

performs its roles to continuously improve the countrys health care system.

5.3. Vision and Mission

Vision by 2030 A global leader for attaining better health outcomes,

competitive and responsive health care system, and equitable health

financing.

Mission To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all

Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.4. Company Core Values

While pursuing its vision, the DOH adheres to the highest values of work,

which are:

Integrity The Department believes in upholding truth and pursuing

honesty, accountability, and consistency in performing its functions.

Excellence The DOH continuously strive for the best by fostering

innovation, effectiveness and efficiency, pro-action, dynamism, and

openness to change.

Compassion and respect for human dignity Whilst DOH upholds the

quality of life, respect for human dignity is encouraged by working with

sympathy and benevolence for the people in need.

Commitment With all our hearts and minds, the Department commits

to achieve its vision for the health and development of future

generations.

Professionalism The DOH performs its functions in accordance with

the highest ethical standards, principles of accountability, and full

responsibility.

Teamwork The DOH employees work together with a result-oriented

mindset.

Stewardship of the health of the people Being stewards of health for

the people, the Department shall pursue sustainable development and

care for the environment since it impinges on the health of the Filipinos.
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.5. Corporate Culture

5.6. Organizational Structure

5.6.1. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH)

5.6.1.1. Organizational Structure

At present, the Department is headed by the Secretary of

Health, with five undersecretaries and seven assistant

secretaries.

Undersecretary for Health Regulation

Undersecretary for Field Implementation and

Management

Undersecretary for Health Service Development

Undersecretary for Technical Services

Undersecretary for Policy and Health Systems

Undersecretary for Administration, Finance and

Procurement

Assistant Secretary for Technical Services

Assistant Secretary for Administration, Finance and

Procurement

Assistant Secretary for Special Concerns

Assistant Secretary for Health Regulation

Assistant Secretary for Field Implementation and

Management

Assistant Secretary for Mindanao Cluster

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

Bureaus

The DOH is composed of bureaus, namely:

Epidemiology Bureau (formerly National Epidemiology

Center)

Bureau of Health Devices and Technology

Bureau of Health Facilities and Services

Bureau of International Health Cooperation

Bureau of Local Health Systems Development

Bureau of Quarantine

Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (formerly

National Center for Disease Prevention and Control)

Food and Drug Administration

Health Emergency Management Bureau

Health Facility Development Bureau (formerly

National Center For Health Facilities Development)

Health Human Resources Development Bureau

Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.6.1.2. Organizational Chart

5.6.2. Drug Rehabilitation Center

The proposed drug rehabilitation center shall be a legally constituted

entity. For a single proprietorship, it must be registered with the

Department of Trade and Industry and for a corporate entity, it must

be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Its

organization and structure shall contribute effectively to the goals of

Republic Act 9165. It shall develop broad community and

professional acceptance in order to implement the goals effectively.

The organization shall clearly define the purpose, scope, direction

and goals of the Center. It shall document and disseminate the

Centers values, vision statement, mission and philosophy.

5.6.3. Classification of the Proposed Drug Rehabilitation Center

5.6.3.1. Ownership

Government the proposed drug rehabilitation center

shall be maintained and operated partially and wholly by

the city and municipal government of Tuguegarao.

5.6.3.2. Institutional Character

Freestanding the proposed drug rehabilitation center

shall operate separately from any other institution.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.6.3.3. Service Capability

Residential (In-Patient) the proposed drug

rehabilitation center shall provice comprehensive

rehabilitation services utilizing, among others, any of the

accepted modalities: Multidisciplinary Team Approach,

Therapeutic Community Approach and/or Spiritual

Services towards the rehabilitation of a drug dependent.

5.7. User Profile

5.7.1. Personnel Requirement

5.7.1.1. General Qualifications for Personell

Must be drug free

Must have no pending administrative or criminal

records

Must be mentally and physically fit

With good moral character

If foreigner, working permit is issued by the Bureau

of Immigration and Deportation (BI) is required

5.7.1.2. Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Center

A. One (1) Center/Program Director/Administrator

1. Minimum of three (3) years experience as

rehabilitation worker;

2. Adequate training not only on the modality being

utilized but also other training pertinent to

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

treatment and rehabilitation and/or background in

any behavioural sciences; and

3. At least two (2) years college education

4. If former drug dependent, must be drug free for

three (3) years

5. Duties and Responsibilities:

Coordinates all medical, social,

psychological, and spiritual services of the

Center;

Directly responsible for the day to day

activities and needs of the Center;

Oversees the entire rehabilitation program;

Responsible for the residential needs,

maintenance, upkeep and security of the

Center;

Responsible for the personnel management of

the Center

Provides policy direction for the Center

B. One (1) DOH Accredited Physician (On Call)

1. Directly responsible for the diagnosis, treatment

of all medical, minor surgical, psychological

problems of patients

2. Oversees the entire treatment process

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

3. Responsible for writing progress report and

submit medical reports and other pertinent

documents

4. In coordination with other staff, he/she

recommends for discharge, transfer or referral of

patients

5. Performs other duties and functions that are

relevant to the position.

C. One (1) Licensed Dentist (on Call)

1. Attends to all dental referrals

2. Performs other duties and functions that are

relevant to the position

D. One (1) Licensed Nurse/Midwife ratio: 1 nurse for

every 50 patients

1. Assists the physician in the treatment process

2. Does regular visitation to every patient

3. Administers medication as prescribed by the

physician

4. Provides counselling to patients

5. Attends to emergency cases

6. Performs other duties and functions that are

relevant to the position

E. One (1) Licensed Social Worker ratio: 1 for every

50 patients
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

1. Conducts social case studies for all admitted

patients in the Center

2. Assess the social status of the patient;

3. Responsible for house visits;

4. Conducts counselling

5. Performs other duties and functions that are

relevant to the position.

F. One (1) Psychologist ratio 1 for every 50 patients

1. Responsible for psychological testing and

evaluation for all admitted patients

2. Provides psychological counselling

3. Conducts psychological and behavioral program

of the Center

4. Performs other duties and functions that are

relevant to the position

G. One (1) Clerk ratio: 1 clerk for every 100 patients

1. Ensures confidentiality of all records of patients

2. Ensures cleanliness and orderliness in the office

3. Performs other duties and functions that are

relevant to the position.

H. Non-professional Staff - ratio 4 staff for every 100

patients

1. Supervises the preparation of well-balanced diet

of the patients
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

2. Maintains the cleanliness and orderliness of the

facility

3. Goes on periodic duty

4. Provides security

5. Performs other functions/tasks as assigned

5.8. Schedule of Activities/Operations

On September 19, 2016, the Dangerous Drugs Board passed Board

Regulation No. 4, Series of 2016, entitled OPLAN SAGIP Guidelines on

Voluntarily Surrender of Drug Users and Dependents and Monitoring

Mechanism of Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Campaigns. Apart from

establishing clear guidelines in dealing with drug personalities who

voluntarily submit themselves to authorities, the regulation also mandated

Local Government Units (LGUs) through their Anti-Drug Abuse Councils

(ADACs) to facilitate the establishment of community-based treatment and

rehabilitation services and interventions to surrenderers found to be of low-

risk or having mild substance use disorder. Based on statistics, this comprise

at least 90% of drug users.

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.8.1. Client Flow for Wellness and Recovery

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.8.2. Community Based Treatment

Pre Implementation Voluntary Surrender

5.9. Legal Framework

Republic Act 9165, otherwise known as Comprehensive Dangerous Drug

Act of 2002, mandates the Department of Health to regulate, oversee and

monitor the integration, coordination and supervision of all drug

rehabilitation, intervention, aftercare and follow- up programs, projects and

activities as well as the establishment, operations, maintenance and

management of Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers

nationwide
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

5.10. Project Analysis

6. Chapter Six Technical Research Data Presentation

6.1. Hydrological Study

6.2.

7. Chapter Seven Spatial Programming and Analysis

The proposed drug rehabilitation center shall be exclusively for the treatment and

rehabilitation of drug dependents. The Center shall not provide services to patients

with primary psychotic behaviour. Patients exhibiting psychosis as a result or

consequence of certain dangerous drug use shall be referred to a psychiatric care

facility. However, patients with borderline psychosis may be admitted or be allowed

to stay in the Center provided that there is a psychiatrists order and if it poses no

harm to the other patients.

7.1. List of Space Requirements

The center shall have at least 400 square meters (for 30 patients) for the

following:

A. Registration area/waiting area/reception

B. Counselling/testing room

C. Administrative office/Directors office (with secured storage files)

D. Emergency clinic must be located near the area where the center

E. personnel are on duty

F. Living quarters, separate rooms for male and female

G. Toilet/bath/lavatory one for every 10 patients

H. Multipurpose area/recreational area

I. Dining area
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

J. Kitchen area with provision to secure/lock all sharp objects

K. Area for outdoor activity

7.2. Room Data Sheet

7.3. Summary of Area Requirements

L. Registration area/waiting area/reception

M. Counselling/testing room

N. Administrative office/Directors office (with secured storage files)

O. Emergency clinic must be located near the area where the center

P. personnel are on duty

Q. Living quarters, separate rooms for male and female

R. Toilet/bath/lavatory one for every 10 patients

S. Multipurpose area/recreational area

T. Dining area

U. Kitchen area with provision to secure/lock all sharp objects

V. Area for outdoor activity

7.4. Adjacency Matrix

7.5. Bubble Diagram

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY