Fall Capital from Damascus to Baghdad
rise of Mongol Empire in eastern Asia
Rise
The Mongols conquered China, west to the Middle East Founded by Caliph Abu Abbas
In 1258, the Mongols arrived at Baghdad 750 A.D till 961 A.D. or 132 A.H till 350 A.H.
The caliphate at the time believed that Baghdad could not be
conquered and refused to meet the Mongols demands States of North Africa and Spain split and further expand to
include Persia, India and Southern Russia.
The leader of the Mongols, Hulagu Khan, then set siege to the city
In less than 2 weeks, Baghdad had surrendered and the
caliph was put to death
As-Saffah (First Caliph)
stereotypes on Islamic gender roles (practice of keeping women out of Ended Ummayad Cal.
public life, cloistering them and restricting their movements)
The status of a free Muslim woman, be it the wife or the Reform army
mother, closely resemble to that of a slave
Al-Mansur
free woman belonged primarily within a family context; but in Women Inequality AKA real founder of Abbasid
neither case, was woman considered as an autonomous
individual with the property or professional rights comparable Literature and scholarly work emerged
to those of men
consulted Imam Malik to use Muwatta as state constitution but
Female infanticide Imam Malik turn him down.
Adult women were increasingly seen as commodities, or like a trophy Harun Al-Rashid
Known for scientific, cultural, art, music and religious prosperity
that represented that you had a more attractive wife than another man
responsible for enforcing islamic morals and behaviour Most famous caliph
Caliphates requested Imam Abu Yusuf (disciple of Abu hanifah) to draft law
duty were to bring transgressors to justice and to impose
related to administration of land and the Imam wrote the book
summary punishments.
called Kitab al-Kharaj. Imam Abu Yusuf was appointed as Chief
Muhtasib Judge .
However, the eagerness of the rulers to enforce provisions of
the Shariah made them overlook the procedure of the HAR son
muhtasib did not satisfy the strict demand of islamic law. Al-Amin
known as Muhammad
heard complaints on miscarriages or denial of justice or other Many disapproved of him bcs. he was supposedly attracted to
unlawful acts by qadis men
the formal courts of complaints were set up,more important HAR son and brother of Al Amin
lawsuits were heard.
the Jurisdiction of the courts of complaints became Nazar fil-mazalim Greatest patron of philosophy and science in Islam history
Al-Mamun
concurrent with qadiss tribunals. ABBASSID Incorporated Shakiriya military units from Central Asia and
North Africa, hired to serve for the Caliph
the existence of the courts showed that much of the
administration of justice by the qadi had broken down at an
Last caliph of the Abbasid
early period.
Al-Mustasim
Hanafi Mongols took over Baghdad under his rule
Mabsut, Mukhtasar
Shafii Golden age of Islam
Nihayat al-Matlab Minhaj at-Talibin,Rawdah,Majmuk Ruling Period
Compilation of hadiths began seriously 750 1258 CE
Kitab an-Nawadir, Risalah
Maliki strong leaders who controlled a vast territory
Muqni, Mughi In 1258 CE, the capital city of Baghdad was sacked by the
Hanbali
First period Mongols causing Abbasids to flee to Egypt
Fiqh ar-Rida, Sharai al-Islam
Shia 1261 1517 CE
Muhalla
Zahiri
located in Cairo, Egypt
Shia movement was active Second period
Majority belongs to Ithna Ashari School While the Abbasids were still considered the religious leaders of
the Islamic world, a different group called the Mamluks held the
doctrine of Imamat different from the Sunni concept of Khalifa true political and military power
790 CE to 1258 CE
India: Akhbari and Usuli
Significance time of peace and prosperity
birth of the four schools of thought (H,M,H,A)
Great advances were made in many areas of science,
Hasan bin Zayd and Qasim bin Ibrahim founded a Zaydi mathematics and medicine
School at the South of the Caspian Sea
Golden Age of Islam
Schools of higher education and libraries were built
throughout empire
The culture flourished as Arabic art and architecture reached
new heights
