KEYING PROCEDURES, SYSTEMS AND NOMENCLATURE Hd 8261 ABVANYT OORGNYH ‘a S3uvMGuvH HSINIHOW TO PLAN A MASTER KEYING SYSTEM One of the finest services o truly professional consultant can render to an architect or owner, is the design of o practical ond efficient keying system for « building The principles of keying are generally mysterious and confusing to people, who do not work in the field of locks. This is where @ consultant's services are most volusble, guiding the organ- ization of the keying, so it will function properly, be simple to understand, ond be concise enough s0 it will survive years of usage. The following steps are recommended in the structuring of the keying system: A. Research the Building Function. How it will be used, when it will be used and by whom will it be used? B. Prepare diagram of your concept, suggesting the appropriate keying system, based on the building function. ©. Present, explain and sell your concept of the system to the owner and architect. D. Accept input and modifications when necessary. E, Make a final detailed keying schedule for the monufacturer. F. Finalize your schematic diagram of the system to be tumed over for use by the owner's representatives. Before storting to plan a keying schedule, keep in mind there are several general truisms about keying systems which will apply regardless of the make or type of cylinder or key involved in your system, 1. The greatest security is in the cylinder which has the fewest number of keys operating the cylinder, Since each different key operates on a different sheorline, it follows that the more shearlines the easier is the task to pick the cylinder or have it opened accidentally by un- outhorized keys. 2. The greatest longevity of a cylinder for trouble-free service again is the one which has the fewest number of keys. This is because the more keys which operate the cylinder, the smaller ‘will be the pin increments which tend to wear quickly, thus causing malfunction of the cylinder. 3. In every keying system there is a fixed budget on how mony different keys can operate under ‘a master and how many different masters can operate under @ grandmaster. The budget isdetermined by many factors, but since it is physical in nature, it does exist within every key: ing configuration. The wise consultant recognizes this budget when planning a system, and uses the different changes as sparingly as possible. All keys within @ keying system ore interrelated to each other and interrelated to the system © whole. This fomily relationship must be recognized since it restricts keying decisions cond the flexibility of the system design. The more complicated the design of the keying system, the shorter will be its usable life by sn ond not keying in- dividuals on an organization chart. People relationships and organizations change rapidly, the owner. Remember, you are keying @ building to perform its func building functions survive for many years. Research the Building Function: All buildings ore designed by an architect to serve @ particular function of man. Study the function of the building, the flow of the traffic, the purpose of its various areas ond design the keying system to accomplish these purposes. Try to visuclize the category of people by their function, whet oreas they will need access to, to perform their functions, and bear mind the different time frames in a working day when these people will be using the build- ing, On @ hospital building, for example, you will have doctors, nurses, orderlies, janitorial ‘ond maintenance types of people, each with their specific purpose. Try to project where they must move, when and how. In most structures there ore relotive degrees of security which must be considered in setting up the keying. Aguin, in a hospital illustration, narcotics lock-up and perating room facilities corry a high security classification, Security is achieved by greatly limiting the number of keys to the area. In considering the function of a building, be sure and study how it relates to existing struc- tures and plans for future structures. Try to keep buildings of the some function under the some keying hierarchy. Prepare a Diagram of Your Concept: As the next step, bring your study into focus and begin to diagram your concept of how the keying system would work. Borrowing from the computer vernacular, K:LSS. (Keep it simple, stupid). Like many things in life, the real genius comes in being able to simplify what would coppear to be a complex system. It tokes very litle talent to make complex keying schedules. ‘As you diagram your schedule, look for every opportunity to use the same change key on os many doors os possible. Obviously, where doors have a similar purpose and will be used by similar type people, you can key these alike, As a first rule, use the lowest level of keying possible, until your system forces you into @ high: er level. There will be many doors where your logic tells you no change key will be used. In situations such as this, it is appropriate to masterkey (no change keys} only doors of this type.Remember, you are on a budget of available different change keys, use them sparingly. The ‘owner will thank you in years to come because this will leave flexibility to his system, so he can make minor additions and modifications without having to re-do the entice system. Don’t start out with a preconceived ideo that this must have @ great grand or grandmasterkey in your proposal. Build from the bottom up and let the requirements dictate where it is appro: priate to move into the higher key levels, Since you are keying the building, not people, do not be concerned if on occasion some person might have to carry 2 or more keys. This is for more preferable to having o system where 1 key crosses over into different masterkey systems (usually referred to as cross-keying). If this cross-keying is permitted in your system, it rapidly eliminates many available change keys which must be discarded and not used on the project. The Presentation: In the presentation of your system to the architect and owner, itis mast effective to use the alipha: numeric designation and the schematic charts os explained and illustrated in this booklet. Ex- plain your concept of the function and traffic flow of the building as you have analyzed and conceived it. Typically, there will be attempts by the owner to introduce “People Keying". Try to deal with this intelligently and discourage them whenever possible. Usually an owner can understand that his people and their relationship to the building are temporary in nature. There is no quicker way to nullify « keying system thon have it oriented around existing people. Usually in your presentation, you should be prepared to explain and recommend some of the many options ovailable in keying systems, such as visual key control, removable core cylinders, construction keying, etc. In faimess, as a consultant, it is your obligation to present both the pros and cons of these options, thus letting the owner decide which of them is important to him. . Accept Input: After the presentation and listening to the desires of the owner, accept and accommodate his reasonable suggestions which will make the system workable from his administrative standpoint. Reduce all of the information developed during the plonning sessions to a final door by door keying schedule for the use of the lock manufacturer: 1. Be sure to include all references and registry numbers of any existing keying if this is an extension to a system which is currently in existence. This is particularly necessary if pre- vious orders placed with the manufacturer have used different group or keying designations from the schedule you ore currently preparing. 2. It is recommended that you use the uniform keying designation as outlined in this manual. [All major lock companies are fomiliar with this and it greatly improves the understanding by ‘everybody involved in the supply of locks and keys o~Another caution about tying into existing key systems. If the initial order hed, for example, o key group AB 15, moke sure that your addition does not use thot same designation unless you wish itto be keyed alike. The same would apply 10 grand master (A, B, C, etc.) or master (AA, BA, A, ete.) designations. Final Diagram: As a final step to complete your work as a consultant, it is appropriate to prepare a final schematic chart of the keying system after it has been acknowledged by the hardware manu- facturer. This chart should then be turned over to the owner's representative at the time he takes possession of the building(s|, so it can be retained in his files. For him this amounts to © blue print of his keying system for future reference if additions or changes are to be made.LEVELS OF CONTROL IN MASTER KEYING The establishment of the proper level of control for o master key system is of paramount importance. Only when this has been determined are you ready to lay out the system. One of the main reasons many master key systems are allowed to disintegrate is the foct that they were not established at the proper level when planned originally. The chart shown below and the systems diagrams shown further on in the text illustrate several of the variations possible. The following is a suggested guide in determining or selecting the proper level of control ‘ONE LEVEL—CHANGE KEY All locks operated by Change Keys only, ond keyed different or alike as required. Example: Homes, Stores, etc. TWO LEVELS MASTER KEY All locks operated by Change Keys and Master Key. Example; Small (Single Department] Schools, Apart: ments, ete THREE LEVELS—GRAND MASTER KEY All locks operated by Change Keys, Master Keys and Grand Master Key. Example: Office Buildings, Large [Multi-Department) Schools, Small (Community or Single-Story} Hospitals, etc. FOUR LEVELS—GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY All locks operoted by Change Keys, Master Keys, Grond Master Keys and Great Grand Master Key. Ex comple: Large (Multi-Story and/or Multi Building) Hospitals, Hotels, Colleges, etc, FIVE LEVELS—GREAT GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY All locks operated by Change Keys, Master Keys, Grand Master Keys, Great Grand Master Keys and Great Great Grand Master Key. Example: Large University Complexes; Large (Multi-Operational or Multi-Build- ing} Industrial Complexes, et. ASTER KEY [Lever 4 LEVEL 4 ‘GREAT GRAND ‘GREAT GRAND "MASTER KEY MASTER KEY Level 3 | AND ‘ceano masten KEY masten KEY a i Level 2 wasnt eer [Loman ser] [aaron | [haute [Laws or | [nano TET cee cum ame CHANGE CHANGE | ‘CHANGE | CHANGE | oa mae eal jes ane ans ane air €EXPLANATION OF CODING SYSTEM Where Grand Master Keys are used, double letter symbols should be used to identify the Grand Master Key sets. The Grand Master symbol should be the first letter, followed by the Master symbol ‘Symbol AA Grand Master Key “A”” Master “AA” AB = Grand Master Key “A” Master “AB” AC = Grand Master Key “A” Master “AC” 80 = Grand Master Key "B” ‘Mosier “BD” BE =~ Grand Master Key “8” ‘Master “BE” Key symbols using this Key Code System automatically indicate the function of each key in the keying system, without having to write any further explanation. Each key hos a different key symbol. Key Symbol “AAI” indicates a lock operated by AA] Change Key, AA Master, A Grand Master, and GGM—Great Grand Master. "AAI" in this case is a keyed different change. In the case of an alike change, AA2, etc., this change or symbol is merely repeated next to each set using this change key. EXCEPTIONS This Key Code System allows for exceptions. Examples of a few are listed herein 1 10. Single Master Key Systems: ©. Always use symbol “AA” for the master key ond PREFIX the change key number. Example: IAA, 2AA, etc. (indicates ne Grand Master Key}, Grand Master Key Systems: 2. Always use symbol "AA" for the master key and SUFFIX the change key number. Example: AAI, AA2, ete Symbol "A" only is subject to the “A” Grand only (ne Change Key). Symbol “AA” only is subject to the “AA” Master and "A" Grand only ne Change Key). Symbol “AI”, “A2", etc. These changes ore under the “A” Grand only, (NOTE: Always start these changes with the number "1". Symbol “GGM1", “GGM2", etc. These changes are under the Great Grand Master only. (NOTE: Always start these changes with the number 1") Symbol “IAA”, “2AA", etc. used in a Great Grand Master Key System. The change num- bers are prefixed on all locks operated by Master Keys under the Great Grand Master Key conly—ne Grand Master. ‘Symbol “1A, "2A", etc. used in @ Great Grand Master Key System, The change numbers are pre- fixed on all locks operated by the Grand Master Key only—no Great Grand Master. ‘Symbol “SKDI”, “SKD2", (Single Keyed) etc. used for locks in o Master, Grand or Great Grand ‘Master Key System but not masterkeyed, Example: Narcotics cabinets, food storage. Where cylinders are to be cross keyed, prefix (example only) Letter X" to key set and then ex- plain total symbol Example: XXAl, operated by AA2, MKAA, GMKASYSTEM DIAGRAMS AND NOMENCLATURE SINGLE KEYED sko1 ‘sKO2 Symbols “SKOY , "SKOZ" te ate uses for Locks 9 fuser. Grand Sr Great Giana Masi Key Systerr fot operated by ine Master rand Master‘or Great raat ast: key" Esampiee toad storage, na MORE THAN 26 MASTER KEYS UNDER ONE GRAND MASTER KEY Symbols "ADA", “AB”, ok, ore uted for Mester oy symbols when the Mester Keys under one Grond Master Key axcoed the 26 lets nthe haber AA" thvough "AZ") In some systems the Symbols" ond "0 ore not used CROSS KEYED SETS Prelic Xo Change Key nd expan each ofthe aie: Lis all cross keying conatons in preambie and alter tach em anerd cose keying is rege, Win individual Change Key ‘Grand iuaser Key! Note XA1 ~ (Example) operates by AAI, through Saz0"ana R'Grana Master key ah Great Grand’ Master wey: Note: "xat ‘S's change number Winout individual Change Key Nox less keys ~ Explain conditions Note: “x2 ‘Fat change number SINGLE MASTER KEY SYSTEMS In single Master Key Systems, pelx change numbers Groat Grane Master Koy ote Same procedure as Waster key sid GONE. not by Grane Nasir Key Master Key (Changes under Master Sevony MULTIPLE GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEMS ‘change KeySYSTEM DIAGRAMS AND NOMENCLATURE SINGLE GGMK SYSTEM ‘Great Grane Slee ‘liner “AAT” es ‘operated by Change Key “AAS Sperated by Grand Hester Koy A’ and Master Key (no symbol) Anytie "AAI" appears inthe system mere then once it kaye SYMBOLS USED IN A SINGLE GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEM Great Grand Grang Master ManterKey °""Key" Master Key Change Key ‘oGMK 8 "AR AAT, “AMD" oe oe 8 "BAN", ate co ‘oa ‘OAT, e “8 “60 At Ina set oper feat! om Ge hast Stand Matter Key Seat Grand Master Key od by ge Ke ied x ‘Sam’ CHANGES UNDER GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY ONLY. reat rang Master key GM! is operated by change key “GGMI" and ion by change Key “GOM2” and “oh Sy : CHANGES UNDER GGMK AND GRAND MASTER KEY ONLY Great Grena Ccnanges under Grena fiaate Key Master Key AT iz operated by Change Key “At”, “A Gran Master Key and "GOMK" ant A2 tp operated by Change Kay “A2", "A Gigha ster Key and “G&A nly.MASTER KEY SYSTEM FOR A SCHOOL aA MASTER exterior ‘CLASSROOMS Doors. Keyes Oiterent PRINCIPALS, sanrToRs, Keyes Ale n rr mA 148 cae Ae! 1a office itenen storage ry ‘KOT 1288 ana Book Food ae ry Storage storage Not sussEcT Tia aaa MASTER KEY 140A oe Library ee oe HEALTH aaa NOTE: Numbers ore Tak aan prefixed to Key cine mana office Symbol for single oom ‘Master Key Systems. ToAA i SAA Teachers storage ae ony 7A AR SAA 2»SCHOOL Explanation of Visual Chart The keying shown on the opposite page is @ Single Master Key System. There is no need to explain these Keying Symbols as each Symbol has a meaning, The following illustrates how the Symbols should be shown on your Hardware Schedule ond «a brief explanation of their meaning, Key Symbol Quantity HEADING #1 TAA through BAA. 8 Doors 10 Corridor from Classroom HEADING #2 AK 1 Door 15 Waiting Room to Principal HEADING #3 AA 2 Doors 12 Lobby to Book Storage HEADING #4 s«D1 1 Door 6 Kitchen from Food Storage HEADING #5 AA 1 Door 4 Corridor from Equipment Storage The Key Symbols 1AA through 8AA for Heading #1 indicate that these 8 doors ore keyed Different and subject to the Master Key AA. The Key Symbol 9AA for Headings #2 and #3 indicotes that the 3 doors ore Keyed Alike ‘and subject to Master Key AA The Key Symbol KDI for Heading #4 signifies a single Change Key net subject to the Master Key. The Key Symbol AA for Heading #5 indicates thot this door is subject to the Master Key AA only and ne Change Keys.MASTER KEY SYSTEM FORA HOSPITAL Great Grand Master Key Engineer usekeeper Key A 8 ¢ D smeo /surcicat cueat Aominustaarion areas. AA BA DA SURGERY | NURSING: RECEIVING ry BB ce DB moio.oer ay, nary econos comma. L AC BC cc Dc atoratony occ. ener AccounTine naman ‘AD BD 0 DD — DIETICIAN IN bleed MORGUE PURCHASING STORAGE AE BE ce DE wsxcancr ruannacr personne. aunony AF oF CF DF ‘our-ranient [ INTENSIVE CARE GIFT SHOP (MAINTENANCE BG KD? vowuntsers 2, SKDY narcones, 005HOSPITAL Explanation of Visual Chart Keying on the opposite page is designed for o medium sized or large hospital using @ Great Grand Masterkey system with four control oreas, each having a Grand Masterkey system. Operating in all four areas are the Engineer's key and the Housekeeping key as shown directly under the Great Grand Masterkey. Incorporating these keys at this point avoids the necessity of cross keying, .g., SAAIO to operate AAT, AAG, etc. Since the building engineer's deportment ond the housekeeping department require the ability to operate virtually all locks in the system, it is not uncommon for them to have Great Grand Masterkeys, but their use should be very restrictive ‘and under proper control ot all times. Key alike sets such as all janitor closets, telephone equipment oreas, electrical equipment ‘areas, and elevator equipment areas. This limits the usage of these two (2) powerful keys. In areas where it is not desirable for the Engineer's key or the Housekeeper's key to operate, this fact can be spelled out in the keying schedule, e.g., GMK and MK only or MKA and change key only, te. Grand Masterkey A (Med./Surg.) operates Mosterkey sets AA [Surgery], AB, AC, AD, and all masterkey sets with suffix A. Masterkey set AA [Surgery] may have several change keys operating in its jurisdiction. For example, AA1 (Operating room 406], AA2 (Doctors’ Dressing Room, etc. Grand Masterkey 8 (Clinical) operates masterkey sets BA-BG within the Clinical Department num- bered BAI, BA2, BAS, etc, The some holds true for masterkey sets C and D and all locks are oper- ated by the Great Grand Mosterkey, the Engineer's key and the Housekeeper's key except those keys restricted as mentioned obove—spelied out in the keying schedule, In some oreas of hospital, it is mandatory that only one person be responsible and accountable for the locked items. The accompanying chart shows the symbol SKD1 (Narcotics) and SKD2 {Food Storage). SKD indicates “single keyed different”. There can be other locks in o hospital that should be keyed in this manner. The physical number of keys to be furnished for each SKD lock or group of locks must be indicated on the keying schedule and instructions to the lock manufacturer. The SKD sym- bol eliminates all other keys up to and including the Great Grand Masterkey. With @ key system of this magnitude, it is essential thot a good key control system be supplied and properly set up in the administrative offices. A satellite system should also be in stalled in the engineer's office for storage of pattern keys (for making duplicate keys) and issuance of “loaner” keys to telephone company personnel, etc, Ideally, the key control systems will be set up (keys tagged, indexed, and hung in the cabinet) by the hardware supplier and at least one hospital staff member. When done in this manner, the staff member becomes not only familiar with the operation of the key control system, but also is impressed with the importance of mait taining the system.GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEM FORA HOTEL A GRAND MASTER Display Key [Guest Rooms — Keyed Different) a8 > AAL aL AAS Master {24d Foo AG Master > Bl AB2 ABS BED “ Act Aca (3th Fleet ‘AD Master aca v a ADI {5th Foot) ‘AE AD2 ADS v L Master {60h Foot AF a ABT Ag? ABS Master (7 Hoot AG | _ Master ADMINISTRATION. ‘AH t—} Master SALES Al Master aaNauer AK Mester MAINTENANCE = AFL Ara ARS iat Al a2 sHor Ag shorHOTEL Explanation of Visual Chart The keying shown on the opposite page is a Grand Master Key System which also includes on Emergency Key. The Emergency Key differs from the Grand Master Key in the following manner: 1. Its function is confined to the guest room door locks only. 2. When the guest room door is locked from the room side, all keys are inoperative ex- cept the Emergency Key. This key can also be used as a Shutout Key locking the room against operation by all other keys This system provides for a different Master Key for each floor designated AA for the Second Floor; AB for the Third Floor, etc. Change Keys are designoted AAI, AA2, AAS, etc. for the Second Floor, ABI, AB2, AB3, etc. for the Third Floor, etc. These Master Keys are normally used by the Housekeeping Departments for each floor. In addition to the individual chonge keys for each guest room, certain designated rooms on ‘each floor may also have a Display Key. The Display Key provides security for the guest who may have merchandise to display in his room. The Display Key when used to lock the door from the outside, shuts out all other keys except the Emergency Key. Each guest room hos @ different Display Key. Usually @ hotel will have several suites on each floor, the entrance to which is through one door from the corridor. This door can be equipped with a lock which can only be locked by its own Change Key issued to the guest when rented as a suite or with a latch type lock which can be oper. ‘ated by the Change Keys for the doors within the suite. It is customary to leave this door open when guest rooms within the suite are rented individually, Locks for the different hotel departments are Master Keyed by department and designated AG (Administration), AH (Sales), etc. ond keyed alike or individually as required. Locks for the Maintenance Department are Master Keyed AK and keyed alike or individually as required. Locks for Shops are keyed different, subject to the Grand Master Key only and designated Al, A2, AS, etc.GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEM FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING yAND MASTER L ae 18 ne 1 maser master master aster fe Door nach. Aro tantat otter J Tote! tose a a oat act Jantor Gov rt} a e way Berne ner | Set sen a8 a was H Bev, ech na L [ com aoe OFFICE BUILDING Explanation of Visual Chart Keying shown on the chort above provides for a multiple story office building having shops on the street level and rental offices from the second floor up. All locks will be operated by the Grand Master Key A. The exterior doors may be keyed individually or alike ot certain locations and operoted by Moster Key AA. This will not include the exterior doors to shops which are keyed individually and operated only by Grand Master Key A. The Mechanical Rooms will be operated by Master Key AB and keyed alike for the following: Telephone Closets Change ABI Electric Closets Change AB2 Elevator Machine Rooms Change ABS Other Mechanical areas may be keyed alike or individually os required The Rental Offices will be operated by Master Key AC and keyed individually or alike de- pending on the individual office requirements. The Toilet Rooms may be keyed alike or individually, as desired, by floors and operated by Master Key AD. It is customary to locate the Jonitor's closet in the men’s toilet room. These doors will be keyed alike for all floors and also operated by Master Key AD. In the cose of on office building occupied by @ bank or other institution on the lower floors this portion of the building would have o seporote Grand Master Key system with Master Keys for the various departments os may be required.THE MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF A KEY SYSTEM While our consideration up to this point has been with the establishment of a Master Key Sys tem, we also feel the maintenance of that system, once it becomes reality, is of equal importance. If proper procedures are not followed in extending the system, it will not provide the security or ex- ponsion originally planned and soon will be ignored or discorded. It is essential that the following steps be taken if the system is to give the ultimate in these oreas: 1, The owner or user of the master key system must make someone responsible to administer the operation of it and control the use and distribution of keys, 2. Any extensions or additions to the system should normally be supplied by the lock manu: focturer originating the system in order to insure the keying continuity and minimize the possibility of key interchange which would destroy the integrity of the system in the hands of the user. 3. If it is necessary to have any extensions or rekeying done by a local locksmith, this should be done only by @ properly qualified locksmith, and then with code information provided by the originating manufacturer to the owner. 4. To insure proper operation, locks and cylinders should be fitted by the lock manufacturer in his plant. 5. Master keys should never be made by duplicating from another master key. They should bbe cut from the code with a code machine, preferably by the lock manufacturer. 6. It should be recognized that change keys, when duplicated one from another have a varia- tion, and in any case, where new change keys are supplied in substantial quantities they also should be made on a code machine, or from an original factory key kept on file for this purpose.RECOMMENDED STANDARD NOMENCLATURE FOR KEYING Identity CHANGE KEY MASTER KEY GRAND MASTER KEY GREAT GRAND MASTER Key EMERGENCY KEY SHUT OUT KEY DISPLAY KEY ‘CONSTRUCTION KEY KEY REMOVABLE CORE CYLINDER REMOVAL KEY ‘MULTIPLE KEY SYSTEM KEYWAY KEY SECTION “TO OPERATE “TO BE OPERATED BY” Definition Abbreviation Individual lock key. Operates any given quantity of cylinders of different individual key changes. MK Key to operate all individual locks already operated by two or more master keys. Mk Operates all locks under the various master keys ‘and grand master keys already established, GoM Operates hotel locks having lockout feature which blocks entry by all other keys. EMK Permits hotel management to lock door against use of all other keys except emergency key. - ‘A key permitting occupant of room to lock door from outside against all other keys except emergency key. DK Operates all cylinders so designated for a temporary period during construction. cK ‘A cylinder having the core which contains both the upper pin chamber and plug in an integral unit which can be removed by a special control key and which is interchange- able with all other cylinders in the system by use of «control key. = Key to remove active core of cylinders. RK Each keyway hoving individual barrel broaching and key section for individual Master Key with Grand Moster Keys milled to poss more than one broached keyway. - Broaching in cylinder barrel - Milling of key to match broaching in barrel - Identifying a key ot keys to operate other cylinders having different key change. (NOTE: Never use phrase ‘“To Pass” or “Subject To") = Identifying 0 cylinder to be operated by one or more individual keys other than its own key. (NOTE: Never use phrase "To Pass” or “Subject To”.) = &