IPS

d.SIGN
Instructions for Use
Table of Contents
3 IPS d.SIGN

6 Composition

7 IPS d.SIGN Product overview

8 IPS d.SIGN Description of the assortments

8 IPS d.SIGN Basic Kits
10 IPS d.SIGN Trial Kit
11 IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin Kits
12 IPS d.SIGN Margin Kits
13 IPS d.SIGN Bleach Kit
14 IPS d.SIGN Impulse 1 Kit
15 IPS d.SIGN Impulse 2 Kit
16 IPS d.SIGN Gingiva Kit
16 IPS d.SIGN Essence Kit
17 IPS d.SIGN Stains Kit
17 IPS d.SIGN Shade Kit

18 IPS d.SIGN Liquids

20 IPS d.SIGN Shade selection

21 IPS d.SIGN Layering diagrams

21 IPS d.SIGN Chromascop layering diagram
22 IPS d.SIGN AD layering diagram

23 IPS d.SIGN Framework design

23 Alloys
24 Functional support of the veneering ceramic
25 Framework design for ceramic shoulders
25 Framework stability
26 Framework design for bridges
27 Design of bridge pontics
27 Interface between metal and ceramic

28 IPS d.SIGN Instructions for Use

28 Starting situation
28 Fabricating the framework
30 Oxide firing
32 1st opaquer firing
33 2nd opaquer firing
34 1st shoulder firing
36 2nd shoulder firing
37 1st dentin and incisal firing
41 2nd dentin and incisal firing
42 Preparing the restoration for glaze firing
43 Stain and characterization firing
45 Glaze firing

47 IPS d.SIGN Corrective firings (Add-on)

48 Correct use of IPS d.SIGN Cervical Dentin D2/D3

49 IPS d.SIGN Firing parameters

50 Feel the difference feel IPS d.SIGN

52 A look over the shoulder

62 IPS d.SIGN Materials combination tables

62 Chromascop
64 AD
66 Independent of any shade system

2
IPS
d.SIGN

The requirements for functionality and Fluorapatite leucite glass-

aesthetic appearance of ceramic restorations
are continuously rising. To meet these requi-
ceramic
rements manufacturers are faced with the IPS d.SIGN fluorapatite leucite glass-ceramic
challenge of developing materials that satisfy has been developed taking nature as the
the needs of experienced ceramists, by standard, with the most important properties
offering them a multitude of design of natural teeth serving as models. The main
possibilities, and less experienced users by inorganic component of a natural tooth are
enabling them to have a successful start in apatite crystals, in which hydroxyl and some-
the field of porcelain-fused-to-metal times carbonate groups are embedded. In
restorations. In order to give a high end addition to this composition, IPS d.SIGN
ceramic the ease of handling that customers fluorapatite glass-ceramics also contains
expect, the range of indications of IPS d.SIGN fluoride ions that provide the material with a
was given top priority during the very high chemical resistance. Moreover, the
development phase. above mentioned compositions results in
With a well designed basic assortment and IPS d.SIGN demonstrating exceptional optical
the various additional assortments of properties, which is yet another distinct
IPS d.SIGN, beginners and specialists alike advantage of this new type of glass-ceramic
will have all the materials they need to material. Increased brightness and brilliance,
restore lost tooth structure in a true-to- clearly enhanced stability of shade, and true-
nature, highly aesthetic fashion. IPS d.SIGN is to-nature fluorescence are the results of
a material suitable for basic types of restora- these development efforts.
tions, as well as restorations having
sophisticated morphological structures. In
this way, all the demands placed on the
material prior to its development have been
fully met.
With IPS d.SIGN, highly aesthetic restorations
that are virtually undetectable among their
natural counterparts may be fabricated by
easy, efficient layering of the material.
Moreover, expert ceramists are provided with
a comprehensive range of additional
materials.
The shades of IPS d.SIGN are based on the SEM Conventional feldspar ceramic
Chromascop and AD shade guides. Shade
tabs fired from the actual material are
supplied with each assortment.

Comprehensive Treatment
System
Ivoclar Vivadent provides you with a
comprehensive treatment system that
consists of the following components:
Alloys SEM Natural tooth

Veneering ceramic
Cementation system
This system was developed with the objective
that all of the materials should be coordina-
ted with each other so that optimum results
are achieved. The IPS d.SIGN fluorapatite
leucite ceramic is an innovative ceramic
material that offers new ways of processing
and application. These properties of
IPS d.SIGN are based on its new material
specifications. What does that means in
practical work? SEM (after surface etching) IPS d.SIGN

3
 Another property that this new type of Alloys
surface structure exhibits is excellent
polishability and limited abrasion to opposing Each metal supported restoration starts with
natural tooth structure. The IPS d.SIGN the fabrication of a metal framework. For
materials demonstrate outstanding stability that purpose, various IPS d.SIGN alloys are
and are fired at temperatures below available. The IPS d.SIGN alloy selection
900 C/1652 F. ranges from high gold alloys and gold-
reduced alloys to base metal alloys. These
alloys meet the international requirements of
ISA and ADA and were developed in
combination with IPS d.SIGN.
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is
a significant parameter for dental materials.
It is vitally important to ensure the thermal
compatibility between alloy and ceramic
Feldspar ceramic material. In the 25500 C temperature
range, the CTE values of the IPS d.SIGN
alloys range between 13.8 and
14.8 x 10-6 K-1, depending on the alloy's
composition. The coefficient of thermal
In vitro-equivalent years
expansion of the IPS d.SIGN ceramic is
12.012.6 x 10-6 K-1.

Vertical abrasion to the enamel of the antagonist.

Internal investigation, R&D Ivoclar Vivadent AG (1998)
The IPS d.SIGN alloys
IPS d.SIGN 98 (high gold)
IPS d.SIGN 96 (high gold)
IPS d.SIGN 91 (gold-reduced)
Abrasion to antagonist enamel
IPS d.SIGN 84 (palladium-based)
IPS d.SIGN 67 (palladium-based)
IPS d.SIGN 59 (palladium-based)
IPS d.SIGN 53 (palladium-based)
IPS d.SIGN 30 (chrome-cobalt)
IPS d.SIGN 15 (nickel-chrome)
mm2

The compatibility of the IPS d.SIGN ceramic

and IPS d.SIGN alloys was thoroughly tested.
When using other alloys, please ask your
alloy manufacturer if they are compatible
with IPS d.SIGN ceramic.

Ceramic A Ceramic B Ceramic C Ceramic D

Ceramic E Ceramic F Enamel IPS d.SIGN

This bar diagram depicts the abrasion to antagonist enamel compared to other
dental ceramic materials.
John A. Sorensen, DMD, PhD (1999)

The product range may vary from country to country.

4
 Cementation
Select an appropriate cementation material
from the Ivoclar Vivadent range of products.
Hybrid ionomer and glass ionomer cements
(Vivaglass CEM), for example, are suitable
for conventional cementation and offer a
number of advantages such as:
Low expansion
High translucency
High radiopacity
Continuous fluoride release
Aesthetic advantages for ceramic
shoulders
Minimum solubility

Variolink Multilink

Vivaglass CEM
Esthetic Resin Cements Universal Resin Cement Glass ionomer Cement
Cement Variolink Veneer Variolink II Multilink Automix Vivaglass CEM PL

Curing Mode Light-cure Light/Dual-cure Dual-cure Self-cure

Cementation Method Adhesive: Adhesive: Adhesive: Conventional
Syntac or Excite Syntac or Excite DSC Multilink Primer A/B
total-etch total-etch self-etch

IPS d.SIGN 3 3

Please observe the corresponding Instructions for Use

3 recommended product combination

not recommended/combination impossible

5
Indication Composition
Metal-ceramic veneers The IPS d.SIGN glass-ceramic materials and liquids
Veneers on refractory dies contain the following main components:
IPS d.SIGN ceramic materials
SiO2: 5065 wt.%
Contraindication Additional contents are: Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, P2O5, F,
If patients are known to be allergic to any of the ingre- Li2O, ZrO2 and pigments
dients of IPS d.SIGN, the
material should not be used. Opaquer pastes, Stains, and glazing materials
also contains 2540 wt. % glycols

Important processing IPS d.SIGN Opaquer Liquid, 15 ml

restrictions Components: Polymer, butylene glycol, and glycerine

Mixing with other metal-ceramic powders (e.g. IPS d.SIGN Build-Up Liquid, 60 ml and 250 ml
IPS Classic, IPS InLine) Components: Water, butylene glycol, and additives
Mixing with metal-free veneering ceramic powders (e.g.
IPS Empress, IPS e.max) IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain Liquid, 15 ml
Use of liquids or separating agents other than the ones Components: Butylene glycol
provided with the IPS d.SIGN assortments.
Mixing of IPS d.SIGN materials in powder form (e.g. IPS d.SIGN Margin Build-Up Liquid, 60 ml
Dentin, Incisal, etc.) with Components: Water, cellulose derivative
IPS d.SIGN paste materials (e.g. Shades, Stains).
Firing of IPS d.SIGN onto incompatible alloys IPS Margin Sealer, 20 ml
Components: Wax dissolved in hexane

Important note IPS Model Sealer, 50 ml

Components: Ethyl acetate, nitro-cellulose, softener
Ceramic furnaces of other manufacturers often feature
opening mechanisms different from that of Ivoclar
IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid, 15 ml
Vivadent
Componets: Paraffin oil
furnaces. Therefore, the firing conditions may also differ.
Make sure to take these varying firing conditions into
account when working with IPS d.SIGN.

Warning
Finishing ceramic restorations results in grinding dust.
Avoid inhalation. Use
suction equipment or protective masks.

6
IPS
d.SIGN Product overview

Opaquer pastes, intensive opaquer pastes, dentin, incisal, transparent,

Chromascop
Basic Kit add-on, and glazing materials, as well as all the necessary liquids. The Kit also
contains a materials shade guide for the most popular Chromascop shades.

Deep dentin materials in the 10 most popular Chromascop shades. They are
Deep Dentin Kit used to intensify the chroma in layers of limited thickness.

Margin materials in the 10 most popular Chromascop shades and 4 intensive

Margin Kit materials for special effects. 1 margin add-on material is used for final
adjustment of the ceramic shoulder.

The ultra-light shades enable optimum integration of the restoration in a

Bleach Kit bleached environment. 2 opaquers, 2 margin materials, 4 dentin materials,
1 incisal material.

Opaquer pastes, intensive opaquer pastes, dentin, incisal, transparent,

Basic Kit add-on, and glazing materials, as well as all the necessary liquids. The Kit also
contains a materials shade guide for the most popular AD shades.
AD

Deep dentin materials in the 7 most popular A-D shades. They are used to
Deep Dentin Kit intensify the chroma in layers of limited thickness.

Margin materials in the 8 most popular A-D shades and 4 intensive materials
Margin Kit for special effects. 1 margin add-on material is used for final adjustment of
the ceramic shoulder.

Four accurately coordinated shades meet the highest demands related

Assortments independent of

Bleach Kit BL to contemporary white aesthetics.

15 ready-mixed individual fluorapatite leucite ceramic materials

Impulse Kit 1 ranging from Mamelon to Opal materials facilitate the application
any shade system

of true-to-nature effects.

14 ready-mixed Impulse materials based on the inspiration and philosophies

Impulse Kit 2 of renowned experts, such as Enrico Steger, Donald F. Cornell,
and Dr. Robert R. Winter.

5 true-to-nature gingival materials that can be individually used for

Gingiva Kit each patient situation in combination with the 4 gingival modifiers.

4 ceramic stains in powder form. They may be applied alone or mixed with
Essence Kit other materials.

14 intensive stains in paste form to reproduce natural characteristics

Stains Kit on the ceramic surface.

7 dentin stains in paste form for subsequent shade adjustments

Shade Kit of IPS d.SIGN restorations.

7
 d.SIGN Description of the
IPS
assortments
IPS d.SIGN Basic Kits

IPS d.SIGN Basic Kit Chromascop IPS d.SIGN Basic Kit AD

IPS d.SIGN Dentin

The apatite glass-ceramic material is

distinguished for its lifelike appearance.
Apatite is also a component of natural teeth
and supports the light optical properties,
such as translucency, brightness, and light
scattering. Page 48 contains a detailed
description on the use of Cervical Dentin
D2/D3.

IPS d.SIGN Incisal

The six IPS d.SIGN Incisal materials (S1S3

and TS1-TS3) demonstrate a shade gradation
similar to that of natural incisal areas. The
materials are coordinated with the
Chromascop and the AD shade guides (see
Materials Combination Tables on page 62 ff).

IPS d.SIGN Add-On

This add-on material with its medium incisal

opacity can be used alone or mixed with
other IPS d.SIGN layering materials. Observe
a mixing ratio of max. 1:1.

8
IPS d.SIGN Opaquer IPS d.SIGN Glaze
IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain Liquid
Opaquer pastes in the most
popular shades. The A life-like lustre can be
materials demonstrate achieved easily and
excellent stability and conveniently with IPS d.SIGN
outstanding masking Glaze in combination with
capabilities, even when the IPS d.SIGN Glaze and
applied in thin layers (see Staine liquid.
also Material Combination
Table on page 62 ff).

Delivery form
AD
Chromascop
IPS d.SIGN Basic Kit
IPS d.SIGN Basic Kit
8 IPS d.SIGN Opaquers, 3 g each
10 IPS d.SIGN Opaquers, 3 g each
Shades: A2, A3, A3.5, B2, B3, C3, D2, D3
Shades: 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 310, 410, 420, 430,
4 IPS d.SIGN Intensive Opaquers, 3 g each
510
Shades: white, purple, brown, incisal
4 IPS d.SIGN Intensive Opaquers, 3 g each
8 IPS d.SIGN Dentin materials, 20 g each
Shades: white, purple, brown, incisal
Shades: A2, A3, A3.5, B2, B3, C3, D2, D3
10 IPS d.SIGN Dentin materials, 20 g each
1 IPS d.SIGN Cervical Dentin D2/D3
Shades: 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 310, 410, 420, 430,
3 IPS d.SIGN Incisal materials, 20 g each
510
Gradations: TS1, TS2, TS3
3 IPS d.SIGN Incisal materials, 20 g each
1 IPS d.SIGN Transparent material, neutral, 20 g
Gradations: S1, S2, S3
1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Transparent material, neutral, 20 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Add-on material, 20 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer liquid, 15 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Add-On material, 20 g
2 IPS d.SIGN Build-up liquid (Medium and Optimum 2),
1 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer liquid, 15 ml
60 m
2 IPS d.SIGN Build-up liquid (Medium and Optimum 2),
1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain liquid, 15 ml
60 ml
1 IPS Model Sealer, 50 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain liquid, 15 ml
1 Ceramic Separating Liquid, 15 ml
1 IPS Model Sealer, 50 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer material shade guide AD
1 IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid, 15 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Dentin material shade guide AD
1 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer material shade guide
1 IPS d.SIGN Incisal material shade guide AD
1 IPS d.SIGN Dentin material shade guide
1 IPS d.SIGN Incisal material shade guide
1 Chromascop shade guide

The IPS d.SIGN Basic Kits contain the most popular shades and are suitable for
reproducing the most popular basic tooth shades without any difficulties. In this
way, rarely used shades do not increase the initial investment but are available as
refills.

Refills Refills
IPS d.SIGN Opaquer, 3 g each IPS d.SIGN Opaquer, 3 g each
Shades: 110, 120, 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 240, 310, Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3,
320, 330, 340, 410, 420, 430, 440, 510, 520, 530, 540 C4, D2, D3, D4
IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F, 1 g IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F, 1 g
IPS d.SIGN Dentin material, 20 g each / 100 g each / IPS d.SIGN Dentin materials, 20 g each / 100 g each /
250 g each; Shades: 110, 120, 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 250 g each; Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4,
240, 310, 320, 330, 340, 410, 420, 430, 440, 510, 520, C1, C2, C3, C4, D2, D3, D4
530, 540 IPS d.SIGN Cervical Dentin D2/D3
IPS d.SIGN Incisal material, 20 g each / 100 g each / IPS d.SIGN Transparent Incisal material, 20 g each / 100 g
250 g each; Gradations: S1, S2, S3 each / 250 g each; Gradations: T-S1, T-S2, T-S3
IPS d.SIGN Transparent material, neutral, 20 g each /
100 g each / 250 g each

9
IPS d.SIGN Trial Kit

IPS d.SIGN Trial Kit

Delivery form
Chromascop AD
IPS d.SIGN Trial Kit IPS d.SIGN Trial Kit
1 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer, 3 g; Shade: 210 1 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer, 3 g; Shade: A33
1 IPS d.SIGN Dentin, 3 g; Shade: 210 1 IPS d.SIGN Dentin, 3 g; Shade: A3
1 IPS d.SIGN Incisal, 3 g; Gradation: S2 1 IPS d.SIGN Incisal, 3 g; Gradation: TS2
1 IPS d. SIGN Deep Dentin, 3 g; Shade: 210 1 IPS d. SIGN Deep Dentin, 3 g; Shade: A3
1 IPS d.SIGN Margin, 3 g; Shade: 210 1 IPS d.SIGN Margin, 3 g; Shade: A3
- 1 IPS d.SIGN Transpa, 3 g; Shade: neutral - 1 IPS d.SIGN Transpa, 3 g; Farbe: neutral
1 IPS d.SIGN Occlusal Dentin, 3 g; Shade: orange 1 IPS d.SIGN Occlusal Dentin, 3 g; Farbe: orange
2 IPS d.SIGN Effect, 3 g each; Shades: 1, 3 2 IPS d.SIGN Effect, 3 g each; Shades: 1, 3
1 IPS d.SIGN Mamelon, 3 g; Shade: light 1 IPS d.SIGN Mamelon, 3 g; Shade: light
1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze, 3 g 1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Build-up liquid Medium, 5 ml 1 IPS d.SIGN Build-Up liquid Medium, 5 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain liquid, 5 ml 1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain liquid, 5 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Build-Up liquid, 5 ml 1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Build-Up liquid, 5 ml
1 Material shade guide 1 Material shade guide

10
IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin Kits

IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin Kit Chromascop IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin Kit AD

IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin

With the IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin materials,

restorations that demonstrate true-to-nature
shade effects can be achieved even with
limited layer thicknesses. Particularly if space
is limited, IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin materials
can be used to intensify the chroma
(see 'Materials Combination Table' on page
62 ff).

Delivery form
Chromascop AD
IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin Kit IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin Kit
10 IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin materials, 20 g each 7 IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin materials, 20 g each
Shades: 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 310, 410, 420, 430, 510 Shades: A2, A3, A3.5, B2, B3, C3, D2/D3
1 IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin material shade guide 1 IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin material shade guide

Refill Refill
IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin material, 20 g each IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin material, 20 g each
Shades: 110, 120, 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 240, 310, Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3,
320, 330, 340, 410, 420, 430, 440, 510, 520, 530, 540 C4, D2/D3, D4
IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin '2' material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin '2' material shade guide A-D

The various product range may vary from country to country.

11
IPS d.SIGN Margin Kits

IPS d.SIGN Margin Kit Chromascop IPS d.SIGN Margin Kit AD

IPS d.SIGN Margin

The IPS d.SIGN Margin material permits the Margin Add-On material is used for
design of a ceramic shoulder. They are subsequent adjustments of the shoulder
available in Chromascop and AD shades. area and the corresponding accuracy of fit (see
Additionally, there are 4 Intensive Margin 'Materials Combination Table' on
materials to achieve special effects. The page 62 ff).

Delivery form
Chromascop AD
IPS d.SIGN Margin Kit IPS d.SIGN Margin Kit
10 IPS d.SIGN Margin materials, 20 g each 7 IPS d.SIGN Margin materials, 20 g each
Shades: 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 310, 410, 420, 430, 510 Shades: A2, A3, A3.5, B2, B3, C3, D2/D3
4 IPS d.SIGN Intensive Margin material, 20 g each 4 IPS d.SIGN Intensive Margin materials, 20 g each
Shades: yellow, orange, orange-pink, opaque Shades: yellow, orange, orange-pink, opaque
1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On material, 20 g 1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On material, 20 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Build-Up liquid, 60 ml 1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Build-Up liquid, 60 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Separating liquid, 20 ml 1 IPS d.SIGN Margin Separating liquid, 20 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Ceramic separating liquid with brush, 15 ml 1 IPS d.SIGN Ceramic separating liquid with brush, 15 ml
1 IPS d.SIGN Margin material shade guide 1 IPS d.SIGN Margin material shade guide

Refill Refill
IPS d.SIGN Margin material, 20 g each IPS d.SIGN Margin material, 20 g each
Shades: 110, 120, 130, 140, 210, 220, 230, 210, 320, Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3,
330, 340, 410, 420, 430, 440, 510, 520, 530, 540 C4, D2/D3, D4
IPS d.SIGN Margin '2' material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Margin '2' material shade guide A-D

The various product range may vary from country to country.

12
IPS d.SIGN Bleach Kit
IPS d.SIGN Bleach

The ultra-light shades enable

optimum integration of the
restoration in a bleached
environment (see 'Materials
Combination Table' on
page 62 ff).

Delivery form
IPS d.SIGN Bleach Kit IPS d.SIGN Bleach Refill
2 IPS d.SIGN Opaquers, 3 g each IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin
Shades: 010/020, 030/040 material, 20 g
2 IPS d.SIGN Margin materials, 20 g each Shade 010
Shades: 010/020, 030/040
4 IPS d.SIGN Dentin materials, 20 g each
Shades: 010, 020, 030, 040
1 IPS d.SIGN Transparent-Incisal material, 20 g, T-S1
IPS d.SIGN Bleach material shade guide

IPS d.SIGN Bleach Kit BL

Four accurately coordinated shades meet the highest

demands related to contemporary white aesthetics (see
page 67 Combination table).

Delivery form
Refill
IPS d.SIGN Bleach Kit BL All products are also available as Refill
2 IPS d.SIGN Opaquer 3 g each; Shades: BL1/BL2, BL3/BL4
4 IPS d.SIGN Dentin 20 g each; Shades: BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4
IPS d.SIGN Incisal, 20 g; Shade: BL
IPS d.SIGN Margin 20 g each; Shade: BL1, BL4*
IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin 20 g each; Shades: BL1, BL4*
IPS d.SIGN Add-On, 20 g; Shade: BL
IPS d.SIGN/IPS InLine material shade guide BL
Shade guide Bleach BL

* The Margin and Deep Dentin materials are only available in

shades BL1 and BL4. Shades BL2 and BL3 can be achieved
by mixing the materials as following:
BL2: 2/3 BL1 : 1/3 BL4
BL3: 1/3 BL1 : 2/3 BL4

13
IPS d.SIGN Impulse 1 Kit

15 ready-mixed individual fluorapatite leucite ceramic

materials ranging from Mamelon to Opal materials facilitate
the application of true-to-nature effects.

IPS d.SIGN Occlusal Dentin IPS d.SIGN Transparent

The Occlusal Dentin materials are available in The Transparent materials are available in
two different shades. They are used to three shade nuances. They are suitable to
provide the basic shade for occlusal surfaces reproduce shaded, transparent areas,
and to intensify the chroma (see 'Materials particularly in the incisal third (see 'Materials
Combination Table' on page 66). Combination Table' on page 66).

IPS d.SIGN Mamelon

IPS d.SIGN Incisal Edge
The Mamelon materials are available in three
different shade gradations. They demonstrate This material is used to achieve what is
high opacity and optimum masking known as the 'halo effect', which is caused
capabilities even when applied in very thin in natural teeth by light refraction at the
layers. Depending on the working habits of incisal edge (see 'Materials Combination
the user, the material is applied in thin stripes Table' on page 66).
on reduced dentin. In this way, an
individualized appearance of the incisal third
can be achieved (see 'Materials Combination
Table' on page 66).

IPS d.SIGN Effect Delivery form

Users may chose between six shade IPS d.SIGN Impulse 1 Kit
gradations of the IPS d.SIGN Effect materials. 2 IPS d.SIGN Occlusal Dentin materials, 20 g each
Starting with Effect 1, which demonstrates Shades: orange, brown
true-to-nature opalescence in conjunction 3 IPS d.SIGN Mamelon materials, 20 g each
with high translucency, the value gradually Shades: light, yellow-orange, salmon
increases from Effect 2 to Effect 5. In 6 IPS d.SIGN Effect materials, 20 g each
contrast, the violet material reduces the Gradation: Effect 1, Effect 2, Effect 3, Effect 4, Effect, 5,
value in the incisal area (see 'Material violet
Combination Table' on page 66). 3 IPS d.SIGN Transparent materials, 20 g each
Shades: blue, brown-grey, orange-grey
1 IPS d.SIGN Incisal Edge material, 20 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Impulse 1 material shade guide

14
IPS d.SIGN Impulse 2 Kit

14 ready-mixed Impulse materials based on the inspiration

and philosophies of renowned experts, such as Enrico Steger,
Donald F. Cornell, and Dr. Robert R. Winter.

IPS d.SIGN Brilliant Dentin IPS d.SIGN Inter Incisal

In order to highlight the shade of certain This special incisal material is used when high
areas of the tooth, IPS d.SIGN Brilliant brightness values in the incisal area are
Dentin is applied on the opaquer in very thin needed or to increase the brightness value in
layers. These special dentin materials the incisal third when space is limited. It can
demonstrate outstanding opacity and colour be applied alone or mixed with other
saturation (see 'Material Combination Table' materials (see 'Materials Combination Table'
on page 66). on page 66).

IPS d.SIGN Palatinal Dentin

These dentin materials have been especially IPS d.SIGN Cervical Incisal
developed for use in palatal areas where
space is limited. They only need to be These very transparent cervical incisal
covered with Incisal materials and provide materials are used to achieve true-to-nature
the required colour saturation for the palatal effect of depth in the cervical third. In
fossa (see 'Materials Combination Table' on contrast to conventional Transparent
page 66). materials, these special materials
demonstrate a strong white fluorescence (see
'Materials Combination Table' on page 66).
IPS d.SIGN Insert

IPS d.SIGN Insert materials are mainly used in

incisal areas and are applied between the
incisal and dentin materials for shade
characterization purposes. With Insert grey, a
true-to-nature in-depth effect can be
achieved (see 'Materials Combination Table'
on page 66).
Delivery form
IPS d.SIGN Impulse 2 Kit
IPS d.SIGN Special Incisal 3 IPS d.SIGN Brilliant Dentin materials, 20 g each
These two special incisal materials may either Shades: yellow, orange, white
be mixed with IPS d.SIGN Incisal materials to 2 IPS d.SIGN Palatinal Dentin material, 20 g each
modify and intensify the shade or applied Shades: yellow, red
directly (see 'Materials Combination Table' on 2 IPS d.SIGN Insert materials, 20 g each
page 66). Shades: orange, grey
2 IPS d.SIGN Special Incisal materials, 20 g each
Shades: yellow, grey
1 IPS d.SIGN Inter Incisal material, 20 g
Shade: white-blue
4 IPS d.SIGN Cervical Incisal materials, 20 g each
Shades: yellow, orange-pink, khaki, orange
IPS d.SIGN Impulse 2 material shade guide

15
IPS d.SIGN Gingiva Kit

IPS d.SIGN Gingiva and Gingiva Modifier

These special Gingiva materials are used in

combination with the Gingiva Modifiers
depending on the individual situation of the
patient. The shade gradations range from
orange to reddish to bluish (see 'Materials
Combination Table' on page 67).

Delivery form
IPS d.SIGN Gingiva Kit
1 IPS d.SIGN Gingiva Opaquer, 3 g
5 IPS d.SIGN Gingiva materials, 20 g each
Gradations: G1, G2, G3, G4, G5
4 IPS d.SIGN Gingiva Modifiers, 20 g each
Gradations: GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4
IPS d.SIGN Gingiva material shade guide

IPS d.SIGN Essence Kit

IPS d.SIGN Essence materials are ceramic stains in powder

form that may be mixed with IPS d.SIGN layering materials in
order to intensify the shade. Furthermore, IPS d.SIGN Essence
can be used for surface characterizations to reproduce the
special characteristics of the natural tooth (see 'Materials
Combination Table' on page 67)

Delivery form
IPS d.SIGN Essence Kit
1 IPS d.SIGN Essence, 1 g, orange
1 IPS d.SIGN Essence, 1 g, yellow
1 IPS d.SIGN Essence, 1 g, grey
1 IPS d.SIGN Essence, 1 g, brown
1 IPS d.SIGN Glazing and Staining liquid, 15 ml

16
IPS d.SIGN Stains Kit

IPS d.SIGN Stains

These intensive stains in
paste form are available in
14 different shades. They are
used to reproduce natural
characteristics on the
ceramic surface. With the
three primary colours basic
blue, basic red, and basic
yellow, custom shades may
be developed (see 'Materials
Combination Table' on
Delivery form page 67).

IPS d.SIGN Stains Kit

1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, white 1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, yellow
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, mahogany 1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, black
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, khaki 1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, maroon
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, orange 1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, basic blue
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, grey 1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, basic red
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, vanilla 1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, basic yellow
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, crackliner 1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Stains, 1 g, olive 1 IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain liquid, 15 ml

IPS d.SIGN Shade Kit

IPS d.SIGN Shade

These 7 dentin stains in
paste form make shade
adjustments to IPS d.SIGN
restorations possible. They
are coordinated with the
20 Chromascop shades and
the 16 AD shades (see
'Materials Combination
Table' on page 67).

Delivery form
IPS d.SIGN Shade Kit
1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 1, 3 g 1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 5, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 2, 3 g 1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 6, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 3, 3 g 1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 7, 3 g
1 IPS d.SIGN Shade 4, 3 g

Combination table

IPS d.SIGN Shade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Chromascop 110, 120, 140, 210, 310, 320, 340, 540, 410, 420 430, 440, 520, 530
130 220, 230, 330 510
240

AD Shades A1, B1, B2 A2, A3, B3, B4, D4 A4 C1, D2, D3 C2, C3, C4
A3,5

17
IPS
d.SIGN Liquids

IPS d.SIGN Opaquer Liquid, 15 ml IPS d.SIGN Build-Up Liquid Medium, 60 and 250 ml
This liquid is used to adjust This liquid is suitable for
the consistency of IPS d.SIGN mixing IPS d.SIGN materials
Paste Opaquer materials. Do for most layering techniques
not excessively dilute the and restorations. The Build-
paste opaquer with the Up Liquid Medium is particu-
opaquer liquid. larly suitable for technicians
who prefer a longer working
Components: Polymer,
time and enhanced stability
butylene glycol, and
of IPS d.SIGN. In this way,
glycerine
IPS d.SIGN may be processed
in smaller increments, with-
out the constant need of is required for the firing
The Opaquer Liquid must not be used to mix moistening. Given the longer procedure.
opaquers, as it is the case in power/liquid opaquer working time than with the
Components: Water,
systems. Build-Up Light, a longer
butylene glycol, and
closing time (pre-drying time)
additives

IPS d.SIGN Margin Build-Up Liquid, 60 ml

Use to mix the IPS d.SIGN

IPS d.SIGN Build-Up Liquid Light, 60 and 250 ml
Margin materials.
This liquid is suitable for
Components: Water,
mixing IPS d.SIGN materials
cellulose derivative
that will be used for smaller
restorations or when smaller
amounts of material are
needed for 2nd dentin and
incisal firings (corrective
firing). The Build-Up Liquid
Light is suitable for those
who prefer a drier working
IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain Liquid, 15 ml consistency, thus avoiding
the need for constant easily manipulated with an
This liquid is used to adjust blotting since the liquid instrument.
the consistency of IPS d.SIGN evaporates much quicker. In
Components: Water,
Stains, IPS d.SIGN Shade, this way, IPS d.SIGN can be
butylene glycol, and
IPS d.SIGN Essence, and
additives
IPS d.SIGN Glaze.
Components: Butylene
glycol
IPS d.SIGN Build-Up Liquid Premium, 60 and 250 ml
This liquid is suitable for
mixing IPS d.SIGN materials
that will be used for
fabricating larger restorations
Warning where a longer working time
Butylene glycol is irritating. Avoid contact. Do not and smooth consistency is
inhale vapours. desired. The Build-Up Liquid
Premium is suitable for
technicians who prefer a
long working time and moist
material coupled with high
stability. In this way, required as well as a longer
IPS d.SIGN can be processed closing time (pre-drying
without the need for time) for the firing
constant moistening. Since procedure.
the material stays moist for a
longer period of time Components: Water,
controlled blotting is butylene glycol-chloride
solution
18
IPS d.SIGN Build-Up Liquid Optimum 1, 60 and 250 ml IPS Margin Sealer, 20 ml
Excellently suitable for This separating liquid is used
mixing IPS d.SIGN, with its to seal the gypsum die when
outstanding firing behaviour fabricating a ceramic
and lowest possible shoulder with IPS d.SIGN
shrinkage. The materials are Margin materials.
easily suctioned off and
condensed and are Components: Wax dissolved
particularly suitable for the in hexane
manual reduction of
materials with the help of
instruments.
Components: Water, poly-
ethylene glycol (PEG), and Warning:
additives Hexane is highly flammable and detrimental to
health. Avoid contact of the material with skin and
eyes. Do not inhale the vapours. Keep the material
away from open fire.
IPS d.SIGN Build-Up Liquid Optimum 2, 60 and 250 ml
Excellently suitable for
mixing IPS d.SIGN, with its IPS Model Sealer, 50 ml
properties that support the
This separator is used to seal
build-up, as well as the
the pontic tissue areas and
optimized firing properties
interproximal contact area
with low shrinkage. This
when working with
liquid is particularly suitable
IPS d.SIGN layering materials.
for targeted material
The IPS Model Sealer closes
application without
the pores of the gypsum and
continuous suction.
prevents the moisture in the
Components: Water, poly- ceramic material from being
ethylene glycol (PEG), and absorbed by the gypsum.
additives
Components: Ethyl acetate,
nitro-cellulose, softener

Warning
Ethyl acetate is highly flammable. Keep material
away from open fire. Do not inhale the vapours.

IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid, 15 ml

This Separating Liquid is

used on areas that have
been sealed with either the
IPS Margin Sealer Liquid or
the IPS Model Sealer. Use of
this liquid will ensure a clean
separation between the
ceramic material and the
gypsum model and/or die.
Components: Paraffin oil

Other build-up liquids or separating liquids must

not be used. They may contain organic additives
that do not burnout at the firing temperatures
used for IPS d.SIGN and leave a residue that will
cause discoloration in the ceramic.

19
IPS
d.SIGN Shade selection

The Chromascop shade guide represents the shade standard for Ivoclar Vivadent products.
With the logical arrangement of the individual shades, the Chromascop permits exact and
efficient shade determination. The 20 shades are divided into five detachable shade groups.

IPS d.SIGN material shade guides

The shade guides fired from original materials are also an integrated part of the IPS d.SIGN
product system. For reasons of light refraction, the new shade tabs have been given an
anatomical shape and a certain surface structure. On the reverse side, the teeth are smooth,
i.e. without any texture whatsoever, which facilitates shade comparison with the prepared die
and shaded cementation media. The smooth side of shade tabs may be individually ground
to determine the layering. The shade tabs are fired from original materials under laboratory-
type conditions. In this way, they correspond with the desired result.

IPS d.SIGN Opaquer material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Dentin material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Incisal/Transparent material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Bleach material shade guide
Chromascop and AD Chromascop and AD Chromascop and A

IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin '2' material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Margin material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Margin '2' material shade guide
Chromascop and AD Chromascop and Deep Dentin AD '2' Chromascop and AD Chromascop and Margin AD '2'

IPS d.SIGN Impulse 1 material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Impulse 2 material shade guide IPS d.SIGN Gingiva material shade guide
Chromascop and AD Chromascop and AD Chromascop and AD

20
IPS
d.SIGN Layering diagram

Chromascop ideal space Chromascop limited space

ideal limited
space space
Framework 0.3 mm 0.3 mm

Opaquer 0.1 mm 0.1 mm

Deep Dentin
cervical 0.3 mm
incisal 0.1 mm

Dentin
cervical 1.0 mm 0.5 mm
incisal 0.7 mm 0.3 mm

Incisal
In Chromascop layering, the incisal material extends up to
cervical 0.2 mm 0.1 mm
the cervical third. The indications on the right are reference
values. incisal 0.5 mm 0.4 mm

21
 AD ideal space AD limited space

ideal limited
space space
Framework 0.3 mm 0.3 mm

Opaquer 0.1 mm 0.1 mm

Deep Dentin
cervical 0.3 mm
incisal 0.1 mm

Dentin
cervical 0.9 mm 0.5 mm
incisal 0.7 mm 0.3 mm

Incisal
In AD layering, the incisal material extends to the center of
the cervical third. The indications on the right are reference cervical 0.2 mm 0.1 mm
values. incisal 0.5 mm 0.4 mm

22
IPS
d.SIGN Framework design

Partial dentures
Ceramic crowns

Superstructures
Telescope and
conus crowns

Short span
Root canal

Long span
crowns

Implant
bridges

bridges
Onlays
Inlays

posts
3/4
Alloy
Implant Series
Callisto Implant 78 l l l l l l l l l
IS-85 l l l l l l l l l
IS-64 l l l l l l l l l
Callisto Implant 60 l l l l l l l l l
High gold content
Brite Gold l l l l
Brite Gold XH l l l l l l l l
Golden Ceramic l l l l l
Aquarius Hard l l l l l l l l l
Aquarius l l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 98 l l l l l l l l l l
Y l l l l l l l
Aquarius XH l l l l l l l l l
Y-Lite l l l l l l l l
Sagittarius l l l l l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 96 l l l l l l l l
Reduced gold content
IPS d.SIGN 91 l l l l l l l l l
W l l l l l l l l
W-5 l l l l l l l l l
Lodestar l l l l l l l l l
W-3 l l l l l l l l l
Evolution Lite l l l l l l
Palladium based
Capricorn 15 l l l l l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 84 l l l l l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 67 l l l l l l l l l
Spartan Plus l l l l l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 59 l l l l l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 53 l l l l l l l l l
Ni based
Pisces Plus l l l l l l
4all l l l l l
IPS d.SIGN 15 l l l l l
Co based
IPS d.SIGN 30 l l l l l l l

The product lines may vary from country to country.

When designing frameworks to be veneered with ceramic materials, the following

parameters have to be observed:
1. Functional support of the veneering ceramic
2. Framework design for porcelain shoulders
3. Framework stability
4. Framework design for bridges
5. Design of bridge pontics
6. Interface between metal and ceramic

23
1. Functional support of the veneering ceramic
The framework should reflects the shape of the tooth in a stress peaks, which may cause delamination or cracks. Sharp
reduced form. The framework should be designed in such a angles or edges should be rounded in the wax-up so that
way that it supports the cusps so that an even layer of the the minimum framework thickness is not compromised. The
veneering ceramic can be used in the cusp/fissure area. In wall thickness of the metal framework for single crowns
this way, the masticatory forces are exerted on the frame- after finishing should be at least 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm for
work rather than on the veneering ceramic. Furthermore, bridge abutments (see diagram). For further information,
the framework should not have any sharp angles or edges please refer to the Instructions for Use of the alloy being
(see diagram), so that the masticatory forces do not cause used.

Anterior crowns

correct wrong

Premolar crowns

correct wrong

Molar crowns
correct wrong

24
2. Framework design for porcelain shoulders
When fabricating porcelain shoulders, make sure that the
framework is supported by the prepared tooth rather than
the veneer. To achieve this the framework is reduced exactly
to the inner edge of the chamfer or shoulder preparation. In
this way, functional support of the framework by the
prepared tooth is achieved. A framework that accuractly fits
the prepared tooth is essential in order to keep the ceramic
material from getting on the inner surface of the framework.

correct wrong

3. Framework stability
The dimensions of the interproximal connector greatly
influences the stability of the restoration during the
laboratory procedure as well as the clinical long-term success
after cementation. Therefore, the dimension of the
connector area must be adequate for the alloy being used.
This is especially important if a bio-alloy or high-gold alloy is
to be used.

Double the width of the

connector
= double the stability

Double the height of the

Single connector width connector at single width
= single stability = eightfold the stability

25
4. Framework design for bridges
Frameworks veneered with ceramic materials are subject to thickness observed. A scallop-type design with interproximal
thermal stress during the firing procedures and to reinforcement will provide the necessary strength needed to
masticatory stress after cementation. Therefore, the avoid deformation of the framework. Also, this type of
corresponding forces must be transferred to the framework proper framework design (e.g. with cooling grooves) will
rather than the veneer. In particular, adequate framework ensure even cooling of the restoration once it is removed
thickness must be ensured in the connector area between from the porcelain furnace after firing. This is particularly
the abutment and the pontic in bridge reconstructions. important if bio-alloys or high-gold alloys are used. The
The design of the framework must meet the visual, corresponding failures can be prevented as described under
functional and periodontal hygiene requirements of the point 1.
patient. A functional wax-up reduced to allow space for In order to ensure proper oral hygiene with bridges, the
the ceramic material is the optimum prerequisite. During the design of the interdental areas should be given special
laboratory procedures the framework is repeatedly exposed attention. Adequate opening of the interdental area should
to high temperatures. These firing temperatures may cause be considered when designing the framework without
the framework to distort and compromise the accuracy of fit creating black triangles. In this way, periodontal hygiene may
if it has not been properly designed and the required be performed using interdental brushes and dental floss.

correct wrong

correct

26
5. Design of bridge pontics
Bridge pontics are designed taking aesthetic and functional bridge pontic and the bridge abutments, a palatal and/or
aspects into account, as well as oral hygiene. The area of the lingual scallop is recommended. Furthermore, to ensure even
pontic that contacts the alveolar ridge should be made of cooling of the bridge pontic that absorbs the most heat,
ceramic. In order to ensure adequate stability between additional cooling grooves are advantageous.

Bridge pontic design ovate pontics Bridge pontic design saddle-type pontics

6. Interface between metal and ceramic

The interface between the metal framework and the venee- with the gingiva, particularly if a tapered crown margin is
ring ceramic must be clearly defined and, if possible, designed (e.g. no metal margin and no ceramic shoulder).
incorporate a right angle finish line. The juncture between In this way, irritation of the gingiva can be prevented. The
the metal framework and the veneering ceramic must not interface in the interdental area should be designed in such
be located in the contact area nor on surfaces involved in a way that cleaning of these difficult-to-access areas is
masticatory functions. Furthermore, make sure that the possible.
interface in the marginal area does not come into contact

27
IPS
d.SIGN Instructions for Use

Starting situation Fabricating the framework

Fabricate a master model or a model with detachable When fabricating the framework, make sure that the
segments on the basis of the impression in the usual manner. minimum wall thickness after finishing is 0.3 mm for single
It is advisable to apply a sealer to harden the surface to crowns and 0.5 mm for bridge abutments. These dimensions
protect the die from abrasion. The application of a sealer are the prerequisite for the stability of the metal framework
must not cause any changes in the dimension of the die. and the durable bond between the metal and ceramic
After that, a spacer may be applied in the usual manner. material. If the stipulated framework and connector
dimensions are not observed, stress within the material may
cause delamination of the ceramic material and distortion of
the framework.

Recommended procedure
1. Complete modelling of the anatomical tooth shape
2. Reduce to make room for the veneering materials
3. Waxing of the contact points and connector areas
4. Checking the occlusal and proximal contact points

A model with detachable segments is used as the basis.

Dies isolated with a sealer, followed by a spacer layer.

28
Contouring Finishing the metal framework
The framework reflects the reduced anatomical tooth shape The cast metal framework is finished using tungsten carbide
(see 'Functional support of the veneering ceramic' on page metal burs or ceramic-bonded grinding instruments. The
24). In this way, the ceramic material may be applied in even marginal area of the framework is reduced up to the inner
layers and is adequately supported. For that purpose, the edge of the chamfer or shoulder preparation (labial or
properties of the different alloys (e.g. firing stability) must be circular) to make room for the ceramic shoulder.
taken into consideration.

Use reduced pressure when working with softer

Undersized metal frameworks result in increased alloys.
shrinkage of the veneering ceramic and require
additional corrective firings. Work in one direction only to avoid overlapping and
inclusions in the metal surface.
If the metal framework is too small, the veneering
ceramic is not adequately supported, which may lead to Do not use diamond grinding instruments. Diamond
cracks and delamination, particularly in very thick ceramic particles may be trapped in the alloy and cause bubbles
layers. in the ceramic material during firing.

Cast metal frameworks are finished using tungsten carbide metal burs

The frameworks are contoured according to the static requirements

... or ceramic-bonded grinding instruments.

... and the properties of the alloy used.

29
Oxide firing
After grinding, carefully blast the framework with type
80100 aluminium oxide (Al2O3). (Ivoclar Vivadent special jet
medium). When using IPS d.SIGN alloys, the required
pressure is 1.52.0 bar.

Use only disposable, pure Al2O3 to blast the alloy

surface. Observe the Instructions for Use of the
corresponding alloy manufacturer.

Blasting improves the mechanical bond. It results in the

object surface being roughened and considerably enlarged.
In order to prevent inclusions of blasting medium residue in
... thoroughly cleaned, ...
the ceramic, we recommend blasting the alloys with the
indicated pressure while keeping the nozzle at a flat angle to
the object surface. A contaminated metal surface may result
in the formation of bubbles during ceramic firing.

Schematic diagram of the

blasting direction
Correct angle for blasting the
alloy surface.

... and oxidized according to the instructions of the alloy manufacturer.

Before the oxidation firing, clean the metal framework using

a brush under running water. Then, thoroughly clean it with Correctly oxidized IPS d.SIGN alloys
steam or in the ultrasonic cleaner. Allow the framework to
dry after cleaning. Oxidize the framework according to the Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 98
instructions given by the alloy manufacturer. Provide ample T B S t H V1 V2
support for the framework on the firing tray. This is
925C 403C 1 min. 80C 5 min.
particularly important for long-span bridges. After oxidation, 1697F 757F 1 min. 144F 5 min.
carefully check the framework for porosity or irregular oxide
layer. Applied corrections if necessary.

When conditioning the frameworks, the instructions

of the alloy manufacturer must be observed at all
times. Oxidation is carried out according to the
instructions of the alloy manufacturer.

Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 96

T B S t H V1 V2

950C 403C 1 min. 80C 5 min. 450C 950C

1742F 757F 1 min. 144F 5 min. 842F 1742F

After grinding, the framework is carefully blasted with type 100 aluminium oxide Al2O3,.

30
Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 91 Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 53
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

1010C 403C 1 min. 80C 5 min. 450C 1010C 1010C 403C 1 min. 80C 10 min.
1850F 757F 1 min. 144F 5 min. 842F 1850F 1850F 757F 1 min. 144F 10 min.

Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 84 Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 30
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

1010C 403C 1 min. 80C 5 min. 450C 1010C 925C 403C 1 min. 80C 5 min. 450C 925C
1850F 757F 1 min. 144F 5 min. 842F 1850F 1697F 757F 1 min. 144F 5 min. 842F 1697F

Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 67 Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 15
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

1010C 403C 1 min. 80C 5 min. 950C 403C 1 min. 80C 1 min.
1850F 757F 1min. 144F 5 min. 1742F 757F 1 min. 144F 1 min.

Explanation of firing parameter symbols

T = Top temperature B = Low temperature
Firing parameters for the oxide firing of IPS d.SIGN 59 S = Dry time H = hold time a top temperature
T B S t H V1 V2 t = heat rate of climb
V1 = Vacuum start temperature V2 = Vacuum off temperature
1010C 403C 1 min. 80C 10 min.
1850F 757F 1 min. 144F 10 min.
The product lines may vary from country to country.

Some alloy types require pickling after oxide firing

and/or blasting of the oxide layer (observe instruc-
tions of the alloy manufacturer). After that,
thoroughly clean the framework with steam or in
the ultrasonic bath. Oxidation can be considered a
'cleaning firing' and is also used to check the
quality of the framework surface.

31
1st opaquer firing (wash firing)
Extrude the desired amount of the ready-to-use opaquer
paste from the syringe and mix thoroughly. Unlike with
powder/liquid systems, the opaquer paste must not be
excessively mixed with opaquer liquid. The opaquer liquid
is exclusively used to adjust the consistency of the paste
opaquer and to rewet dried opaquer that has been used
several times. Caution: Do not excessively dilute the paste
opaquer with the opaquer liquid. Do not dilute the material
with water.

Make sure to smooth out any roughness on the metal surface.

Extrude opaquer from the syringe and mix thoroughly.

Apply wash in a thin layer.

Unlike with powder/liquid Firing parameters for the 1st opaquer firing
systems, the opaquer paste (wash firing)
must not be excessively T B S t H V1 V2
mixed with opaquer liquid.
900C 403C 6 min. 80C 1 min. 450C 899C
1652F 757F 6 min. 144F 1 min. 842F 1650F
Apply the first opaquer layer (wash) thinly using a brush.
Smooth out any roughness on the metal surface since the Important
wash is the most important connection between the metal If furnaces from other manufacturers are used,
oxide surface and the ceramic. these parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

Apply the first opaquer layer (wash) thinly using a brush. Subsequently, the restoration is fired using the stipulated firing parameters.

32
2nd opaquer firing
Apply the second opaquer layer in such a way that the metal
framework is entirely covered with opaquer, i.e. as much as
necessary and as little as possible.
For each individual situation, five ready-mixed Intensive
Opaquers are available to meet exacting, aesthetic
requirements. The Intensive Opaquers are applied before the
second opaquer firing in the desired areas (e.g. in the
cervical, incisal, occlusal, or palatal area).

Subsequently, the restoration is fired using the stipulated firing parameters.

Apply the 2nd opaquer layer so that it covers the entire framework.

Fired opaquer layer on the model with detachable segments.

TIP:
To enhance in-depth fluorescence and to improve the bond
between the ceramic and opaquer, the applied,
unfired opaquer surface may be sprinkled
The fired opaquer should have a silky-mat
with the desired shade of IPS d.SIGN
appearance (egg-shell gloss). The appearance of the
Margin material. Carefully blow off any
fired opaquer can be compared with the
excess materials after a short reaction time
corresponding material shade guide. If the gloss is
of the IPS d.SIGN Margin powder on the
too high, the firing temperature of the 2nd opaquer
opaquer surface.
firing may be reduced to the firing temperature of
the subsequent firing.

Firing parameters for the 2nd opaquer firing

T B S t H V1 V2

890C 403C 6 min. 80C 1 min. 450C 889C

1634F 757F 6 min. 144F 1 min. 842F 1632

Important
If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
parameters have to be adjusted accordingly. The
temperature increase for the 2nd opaquer firing
must not be below 80 C/144 F / min.

33
IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F 1st shoulder firing
For more in-depth fluorescence. A porcelain shoulder can be fabricated on the metal frame-
work after the opaquer firing if the necessary space has been
As a 3rd firing: provided during finishing. First, isolate the gypsum die with
Apply the IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F as a very thin, third opaquer IPS Margin Sealer. Once this material has dried, apply
layer and fire separately. IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid.
Important: dilute the paste opaquer with an adequate
amount of IPS d.SIGN Opaquer Liquid.

Mix with current IPS d.SIGN opaquers:

Mix up to 20 % of Opaquer F with the conventional
IPS d.SIGN Opaquer before the second layer is applied.

Firing parameters for the IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F

T B S t H V1 V2

890C 403C 6 min. 80C 1 min. 450C 889C

1634F 757F 6 min. 144F 1 min. 842F 1632

Isolate the model die using IPS Margin Sealer and IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid.

IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F Up to 20%

Opaquer as a thin, third mixed Opaquer F
opaquer layer After that, generously apply the IPS d.SIGN Margin material
in the desired tooth shade in the cervical area in the shape of
a drop (i.e. the outer surface of the ceramic material is given
a convex design) and dry. For aesthetically exacting work,
four intensive Margin materials are available. They may either
be mixed or applied alone.

correct

wrong

34
 Tip: Firing parameters for the 1st shoulder firing
When designing a ceramic shoulder (particularly for T B S t H V1 V2
bridges), the Margin material may be applied higher up in
890C 403C 6 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 889C
the proximal areas. This will reduce interdental shrinkage 1634F 757F 6 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1632F
during the subsequent dentin and incisal firings.

Important
If furnaces from other manufacturers are used,
these parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

Apply IPS d.SIGN Margin material generously in the cervical area in the shape of a drop

Fire the restoration using the firing parameters for the 1st shoulder firing.

... and dry.

Sinter shrinkage of the shoulder after the 1st shoulder firing.

Carefully remove the framework with the applied and dried shoulder material from the die.

35
2nd shoulder firing Firing parameters for the 2nd shoulder firing
T B S t H V1 V2
After the firing, the shoulder may have to be slightly adjusted
by grinding. The accuracy of fit (sinter shrinkage) has to be 890C 403C 6 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 889C
reestablished by means of a 2nd shoulder firing. Use the 1634F 757F 6 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1632F
same Margin materials as for the 1st shoulder firing for that
purpose. First, however, isolate the die again with Important
IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid. Then, supplement the missing If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
areas by carefully applying the shoulder material in the space parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.
resulting from the 1st shoulder firing, thus providing
optimum accuracy of fit of the ceramic shoulder. After that,
complete the shoulder, dry, carefully remove the framework
from the die, and place it on the firing tray.

The restoration is fired using the firing parameters for the 2nd shoulder firing.

Apply the shoulder material ...

Framework with fired ceramic shoulder.

... to reestablish the cervical accuracy of fit of the shoulder.

Any necessary adjustments of the ceramic shoulder

may be carried out using IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-
On material. The use of this material is explained
under 'Corrective Firing' on page 47.

Framework with applied and dried shoulder material.

36
1st dentin and incisal firing To achieve an optimum bond between the ceramic materials
and the opaquer surface, apply the ceramic material in small
Before layering the Dentin and Incisal materials, sealing the increments, particularly in the cervical and interdental areas
model is a very important step. In this way, the ceramic (for bridges) and slightly roughen it. In this way, the adaption
material is prevented from drying out or sticking to the of the Deep Dentin or Dentin materials on the opaquer
model. Use the IPS Model Sealer and the IPS Ceramic surface is enhanced.
Separating Liquid to seal and lubricate the gypsum die and
the adjoining areas of the model. IPS d.SIGN Deep Dentin
In order to achieve true-to-nature shade effects
in areas where space is limited, IPS d.SIGN
Deep Dentin materials are used. They are
directly applied on the opaquer layer. For
pontics and crowns margins thinning
towards the metal, Deep Dentin material of
the appropriate tooth shade is applied in the
cervical or basal area to enhance the shade.

Use the IPS Model Sealer and the IPS Ceramic Separating Liquid to seal and lubricate the gypsum die and
the adjoining areas of the model.

Five different IPS d.SIGN build-up liquids are available, which

are used according to the individual requirements (see page
18 for a detailed description). Depending on the type of
build-up liquid used, various closing times are possible.

Deep Dentin layering to enhance the shade in the cervical area.

IPS d.SIGN Dentin, Incisal, and Transparent materials

Next, outline the mamelon area with a layer of
Dentin material. Individually. Another option
is to contour the fully anatomical shape of
the tooth. If this procedure is used, the
contoured crown has to be reduced in the
labial, incisal-mesial, and distal areas. The
mamelon shape is, once again, only outlined.
Recommended drying times: Irrespective of the method used, make sure
IPS d.SIGN mixed with to provide adequate space for the
Build-Up Liquid Light approx. 45 minutes subsequent application of the Incisal and
Build-Up Liquid Medium approx. 67 minutes Transparent materials.
Build-Up Liquid Premium approx. 89 minutes
Build-Up Liquid Optimum 1 approx. 67 minutes
Build-Up Liquid Optimum 2 approx. 67 minutes IPS d.SIGN Essence
IPS d.SIGN Essence ceramic stains
The recommended drying times depend on how may be added to any IPS d.SIGN
much moisture was absorbed by the ceramic and layering materials for
on whether or not the restorations was predried. characterization. The mixing ratio
depends on the desired shade
effect of the layering material.
For large restorations, such as bridges and implant super-
While IPS d.SIGN Stains and Shades are only suitable for
structures, the number of corrective firings can be reduced
surface characterization, IPS d.SIGN Essence stains may be
by conducting a preliminary firing using either Deep Dentin
used for both intensifying the shade of the layering material
or dentin material. When using this technique apply the
and surface characterization of the fired restoration.
Deep Dentin or dentin material in areas where maximum
sintering shrinkage is anticipated. Fire this material using
the 1st dentin and incisal firing parameters.
37
Labial layering

The fully anatomical shape contoured with dentin material .. ..using Mamelon materials salmon and light.

.is reduced to provide adequate space for the subsequent application of the incisal material. Completion of the incisal third using opalescent materials (Effect 1).

Individual and easy build-up of the incisal area .. .and Special Incisal or Insert materials.

38
 Palatal layering

In the labial area, the restoration is completed using Incisal and The palatal fossa of the restoration is covered with Palatal Dentin material.

..Transparent materials by means of over-contouring the labial. The marginal ridges are lined with Dentin material.

.and incisal areas. Then, the tuberculum and the marginal ridges are covered with Incisal and Transparent materials.

39
 Basically, a prolonged pre-drying time is
advantageous: The required period is approx.
10 minutes on the cooling tray. If slow-
evaporating liquids (Build-Up Liquid Premium) are used,
this drying period is very important
Provide adequate support for bridges on the firing tray.
Position the firing tray in the furnace only after the head
has completed its opening sequence (once the buzzer has
sounded).

Firing parameters for the 1st dentin and incisal firing

t
Once the contact points have been provided, the bridge restorations..
T B S H V1 V2

870C 403C 49 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 869C

1598F 757F 49 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1596F

Important
Depending on the size of the object and the build-
up liquid used, the closing time ranges between
4 and 9 minutes. If furnaces of other manufacturers are
used, these parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

are separated in the interdental spaces down to the opaquer using a sharp instrument (e.g. thin scalpel, razor
blade).

Condensing the ceramic surface (after contouring) using a

large, dry brush, makes it more homogeneous, which
prevents the ceramic from pulling away from the margin.
Before firing, the entire bridge units must be separated using
a thin blade and cutting through the ceramic down to the
opaquer. Moreover, a visual check must be made to make
sure that all areas are properly covered with ceramic prior to
firing.

Then the restoration is fired using the firing parameters for the 1st dentin and incisal firing.

Make sure that the IPS d.SIGN ceramic materials

do not dry out during layering.

If necessary, the build-up liquids may be diluted with

distilled water in a 1:1 ratio
The materials should not be excessively condensed during
layering.
Blot the completely layered restoration using an
absorbent tissue.
Do not dry the restoration with a hair dryer, since this will
dry out the surface thus preventing the underlying liquid
from escaping. This may result in delamination of the
The fired restorations demonstrate a slight gloss.
ceramic material in the interdental area, particularly in
bridge reconstructions.

40
2nd dentin and incisal firing
After the first dentin firing, the restoration is contoured and
cleaned. After that, any deficient areas are supplemented
with the same materials used for the 1st dentin and incisal
firing. The interdental areas and proximal contact points must
be given special attention.
Conduct the corrective firing/2nd dentin and incisal firing
following the same firing parameters used for the 1st dentin
and incisal firing.

Clean the restoration thoroughly before the

2nd dentin and incisal firing. Polishing beads must
not be used under any circumstances.
... and fired using the firing parameters for the 2nd dentin and incisal firing.

Before completion of the restoration, the fired restoration

can be tried in to make sure that the shade, shape, and
function of the layered restoration corresponds with the
patient's individual situation.

The proximal areas are supplemented with the same materials used for the 1st dentin and incisal firing.

The restoration is then adjusted using Incisal and Transparent materials...

Firing parameters for the 2nd dentin and incisal firing

T B S t H V1 V2

870C 403C 49 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 869C

1598F 757F 49 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1596F

Important
If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
firing parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

41
Preparing the restoration for glaze firing
Prepare the restoration for glaze firing by providing a true-to-
nature surface textures, such as growth lines and convex/
concave areas.

Completed restoration..

Providing a true-to-nature surface texture..

..features a true-to-nature surface texture.

TIP:
This surface texture may be made visible with the help of
gold and/or silver dust.
Subsequently, the restoration is cleaned with steam so that
the surface is free of dirt and grease.
Make sure that the entire gold/silver dust is removed.
including growth lines and convex/concave areas.

Visualization of the true-to-nature surface texture using gold or silver dust.

Prepolish the prominent areas using silicone polishers.

42
Stains and characterization firing IPS d.SIGN Stains and IPS d.SIGN Essence

To apply shade corrections and individual characterizations, a

wide shade range is available.

IPS d.SIGN Shades

An extensive range of paste and powder stains for

individualized characterizations on the tooth surface.
IPS d.SIGN Stains are exclusively used for surface
characterizations, not for mixing with the layering materials.

Important
Materials in paste form must not be mixed with
powder materials.

These dentin stains are used for subsequent shade

adjustments of IPS d.SIGN restorations. They are exclusively
Remove the desired Stains and Essence material from their
used for surface staining, not for internal shading of the
container and slightly thin to the desired consistency using
layering materials.
IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain liquid and mix.
IPS d.SIGN Shade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Chromascop 110 140 310 340 410 430 520

120 210 320 540 420 440 530
130 220 330 510
230
240

A-D Shades A1 A2 B3 A4 C1 C2
B1 A3 B4 D2 C3
B2 A3,5 D4 D3 C4

Bleach BL BL1
BL2
BL3
BL4

Remove the desired amount of Shade from the syringe and

mix with IPS d.SIGN Glazing and Staining liquid to the
desired consistency.
Apply IPS d.SIGN Shade in the cervical area and the body of
the restoration. Check the shade adjustment achieved with Apply individualized characterizations on the ceramic surface,
the help of the shade guide. e.g. discoloration or enamel stains.
If only minor shade adjustments are required, they may be
done during the glaze firing.

Application of individualized characterizations on the ceramic surface,..

Shade adjustment using IPS d.SIGN Shade.

43
 Firing parameters for the stain and
characterization firing
T B S t H V1 V2

830C 403C 4 min. 60C 12 min. 450C 829C

1526F 757F 4 min. 108F 12 min. 842F 1524F

Important
If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

such as discoloration or enamel stains.

Check the shade after the stain and characterization firing.

Subsequently, the restoration is fired using the firing parameters for the stain and characterization firing.

The stains may be fired with a separate stain firing. If only

minor shade adjustments and individualized characterizations
are applied, however, the materials may be fired together
with the glaze firing.

Avoid pooling and the application of too thick

layers.

More intensive shades are achieved by several staining

procedures, not by applying thicker layers.
If the desired shade is not achieved, repeat the stain firing
using the same firing parameters.

44
Glaze firing Method 1
Glaze firing without glazing material
Slightly wet the restoration using IPS d.SIGN Glaze and Stain
liquid and apply shade adjustments and/or individualized
characterizations. Position the restoration on the honey-
combed firing try and fire.
If the glaze firing is conducted without glazing materials, the
stains should not cover too large an area.
After firing, the gloss of the restoration may be adjusted to
meet the patient's individual requirements by polishing with
rubber polishers, felt wheels, and pumice.

Firing parameters for glaze firing without glazing

material
T B S t H V1 V2

870C 403C 4 min. 60C 0.51 min. 450C 869C

1598F 757F 4 min. 108F 0.51 min. 842F 1596F

The following basic rule applies: The longer the

hold time (H), the higher the gloss. Depending on
the desired gloss, the holding time is 0.51 min.

Important
If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

For the glaze firing, you have several options, depending on

the desired working procedure:
Glaze firing without IPS d.SIGN Glazing material for a
true-to-nature, silky-mat gloss.
Glaze firing with IPS d.SIGN Glazing material for a high
gloss.
Glaze firing without IPS d.SIGN Glazing material and
simultaneous adjustment of the ceramic shoulder using
IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On (see page 47).
Glaze firing with IPS d.SIGN Glazing material and
simultaneous adjustment of the ceramic shoulder using
After firing, the gloss of the restorations may be adjusted to meet the patient's individual requirements by
IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On (see page 47). polishing with rubber polishers, felt wheels, and pumice.

45
Method 2 Completed IPS d.SIGN restorations
Glaze firing with glazing material
Remove IPS d.SIGN Glazing material from its container and
mix thoroughly. If another consistency is desired, the material
can be slightly diluted with IPS d.SIGN Glazing and Staining
liquid. After that, apply glazing material in the usual manner
using a brush. Avoid pooling and the application of too thick
layers. If desired, make minor shade adjustments on the
applied glazing material using IPS d.SIGN Shade, Stains, and
Essence.

Apply minor shade adjustments on the applied

glazing material using IPS d.SIGN Shade, Stains, and
Essence.

Apply glazing material in the usual manner using a brush.

Avoid pooling and the application of too thick layers.

Firing parameters for glaze firing with glazing material

T B S t H V1 V2

830C 403C 4 min. 60C 12 min. 450C 829C

1526F 757F 4 min. 108F 12 min. 842F 1524F

Important
If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.

46
 d.SIGN Corrective firings
IPS
(Add-On)
After the try-in of a restoration, minor shape adjustments, 2. Corrective firing with IPS d.SIGN Add-On material
e.g. contact points, tissue side of pontic, shoulder For any necessary corrective firing, e.g. contact areas or
adjustments, may be necessary. There are two add-on tissue side of pontic , IPS d.SIGN Add-on is available. This
materials to meet different requirements: low firing add-on material demonstrates medium incisal
IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On material opacity. Depending on your preference, you may chose
IPS d.SIGN Add-On material between two different methods when working with
IPS d.SIGN Add-on material.
1. Shoulder adjustment with IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On
To make adjustments to the shoulder porcelain, the
IPS d.SIGN Margin add-on materials is available. It is slightly
shaded and, depending on the application, can be fired
using the same parameters as those used for glaze firing
(with or without glazing material).

Method 1 (dentin/incisal adjustments)

Mix IPS d.SIGN Add-on material with any dentin or incisal
material in a 1:1 ratio and then mix with the desired build-
up liquid. Make adjustments and fire.

Firing parameters for the corrective firing with

Before the final adjustments to the porcelain shoulder are
IPS d.SIGN Add-on material (1:1)
applied, isolate the gypsum die with IPS d.SIGN Margin
T B S t H V1 V2
separating liquid and IPS d.SIGN Ceramic separating liquid.
810C 403C 4 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 809C
Depending on the individual preference, IPS d.SIGN Margin 1490F 757F 4 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1488F
add-on can be processed using two different methods:
Method 1 Method 2 (contact areas)
Mix IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-On with the IPS d.SIGN Margin Mix IPS d.SIGN Add-on material with the desired build-up
material in a 1:1 ratio and then mix with IPS d.SIGN liquid. Make adjustments and fire.
Margin build-up liquid. Make the necessary adjustments to
the porcelain shoulder and then fire the restoration using Firing parameters for the corrective firing with IPS
the same firing parameters as those used for glaze firing d.SIGN Add-on material (alone)
without glazing material. T B S t H V1 V2
Firing parameters for corrective firing with IPS d.SIGN 750C 403C 4 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 749C
Margin Add-on (1:1) (glaze firing without glazing material) 1382F 757F 4 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1380F

T B S t H V1 V2

870C 403C 4 min. 60C 0.51 min. 450C 869C Important

1598F 757F 4 min. 108F 0.51 min 842F 1596F If furnaces of other manufacturers are used, these
parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.
Method 2
Mix IPS d.SIGN Margin Add-on (alone) with IPS d.SIGN
Margin build-up liquid and make the necessary
adjustments to the porcelain shoulder. After that, fire the
restoration using the same firing parameters as those used
for glaze firing with glazing material.
Firing parameters for corrective firing with IPS d.SIGN
Margin Add-on (alone) (glaze firing with glazing material)
t
After corrective firing, especially those involving
T B S H V1 V2
large adjustments, the restorations will have to be
830C 403C 4 min. 60C 12 min. 450C 829C polished with suitable rubber polishers.
1526F 757F 4 min. 108F 12 min. 842F 1524F

47
 IPS
Correct use of d.SIGN
Cervical Dentin D2/D3
If shades D2 or D3 have to be reproduced with IPS d.SIGN,
Cervical Dentin D2/D3 is used. As the following images show
(from top to bottom), the Cervical Dentin D2/D3 is directly
layered onto the opaquer. Depending on the shade being
reproduced, the dentin core is layered using either Dentin D2
or Dentin D3. After dentin build-up is complete the incisal
layer is added using D.SIGN Incisal TS3.

48
IPS
d.SIGN Firing parameters

Firing parameters for the 1st opaquer firing Firing parameters for the stain and
(wash firing) characterization firing
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

900C 403C 6 min. 80C 1 min. 450C 899C 830C 403C 4 min. 60C 12 min. 450C 829C
1652F 757F 6 min. 144F 1 min. 842F 1650F 1526F 757F 4 min. 108F 12 min. 842F 1524F

Firing parameters for the 2nd opaquer firing Firing parameters for glaze firing without glazing
t
material
t
T B S H V1 V2
T B S H V1 V2
890C 403C 6 min. 80C 1 min. 450C 889C
1634F 757F 6 min. 144F 1 min. 842F 1632 870C 403C 4 min. 60C 0.51 min. 450C 869C
1598F 757F 4 min. 108F 0.51 min. 842F 1596F

Firing parameters for the IPS d.SIGN Opaquer F Firing parameters for glaze firing with glazing material
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

890C 403C 6 min. 80C 1 min. 450C 889C 830C 403C 4 min. 60C 12 min. 450C 829C
1634F 757F 6 min. 144F 1 min. 842F 1632 1526F 757F 4 min. 108F 12 min. 842F 1524F

Firing parameters for the 1st shoulder firing Firing parameters for corrective firing with IPS d.SIGN
Margin Add-on (1:1) (glaze firing without glazing material)
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

890C 403C 6 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 889C 870C 403C 4 min. 60C 0.51 min. 450C 869C
1634F 757F 6 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1632F 1598F 757F 4 min. 108F 0.51 min 842F 1596F

Firing parameters for the 2nd shoulder firing Firing parameters for corrective firing with IPS d.SIGN
Margin Add-on (alone) (glaze firing with glazing material)
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

890C 403C 6 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 889C 830C 403C 4 min. 60C 12 min. 450C 829C
1634F 757F 6 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1632F 1526F 757F 4 min. 108F 12 min. 842F 1524F

Firing parameters for the 1st dentin and incisal firing Firing parameters for the corrective firing with
IPS d.SIGN Add-on material (1:1)
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

870C 403C 49 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 869C 810C 403C 4 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 809C
1598F 757F 49 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1596F 1490F 757F 4 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1488F

Firing parameters for the 2nd dentin and incisal firing Firing parameters for the corrective firing with
IPS d.SIGN Add-on material (alone)
T B S t H V1 V2 T B S t H V1 V2

870C 403C 49 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 869C 750C 403C 4 min. 60C 1 min. 450C 749C
1598F 757F 49 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1596F 1382F 757F 4 min. 108F 1 min. 842F 1380F

These firing parameters are guidance values. They are

valid for the Programat furnaces from Ivoclar Vivadent.
Deviations (approx. +/- 10 C/18 F) may occur,
depending on the furnace generation
if ceramic furnaces from other manufacturers are used
in case of regional differences in the power supply or if
several electrical devices are operatated on the same
circuit.

49
Feel the difference

50
 IPS
feel d.SIGN

51
A look over the shoulder

Examples of simple yet effective layering

Incisal 1

Dentin/Body l Opaquer 130

l
130

Dentin/Body 130

l
Opaquer l
130

l l

Incisal 1

52
A beautiful result

53
Ceramists have a wealth of design possibilities

Dentin/Body 210

Effect 2

Deep Dentin 230

l

Margin 230 Cervical Incisal

l
+ orange
l
Essence orange
l

Opaquer l
l Effect 2
230/210

l Effect 1
Deep Dentin l

210
l Special Incisal
Effect 5 l grey

l
l l l

MM
Transparent yellow-orange Incisal Edge
blue

Special Incisal
Brilliant Dentin yellow
yellow

54
55
IPS d.SIGN Impulse layering

Dentin/Body 410

Deep Dentin 410

Cervical Incisal
khaki
Margin 410 l

+ l

Essence brown
l

Occlusal Dentin l
brown
l
Transpa
neutral
Opaquer 410 l

Opaquer violet l

Transparent l
l
brown-grey l

l Effect 1

Transparent l
l
l

blue l

Special Incisal
Transpa grey
blue
Insert orange

56
The result

57
IPS d.SIGN Impulse layering

Special Incisal
Effect 4 yellow
Effect 4
Stains
mahogani
Stains blue
l

l
l l Effect 2
l
l l

l
Deep Dentin
Effect 2 l 210

l
Intensiv Opaquer
brown
l

l
Cervical Enamel l
l
orange
l

Dentin/Body
210
Opaquer Occlusal Dentin
230/210 orange
Deep Dentin
230 Deep Dentin
210

58
The result

59
IPS Impulse layering

Transparent
Incisal 2
brown-grey

Stains
mahogani
Transparent
Incisal 2 neutral

l
l

l l
Occlusal Dentin
Occlusal Dentin brown
l
l
brown
l

Deep Dentin
l

l
410
Transpa l l

neutral l
Intensiv Opaquer
l l
brown

Dentin/Body Occlusal Dentin

410 brown
Opaquer 410
Deep Dentin
401

60
The result

61
 d.SIGN
IPS
Materials combination table
Chromascop shades

Bleach white yellow

IPS d.SIGN
Opaquer

010020 030040 110 120 130 140 210 220 230 240

Intenisv
Opaquer

white violet

Margin

010020 030040 110 120 130 140 210 220 230 240

Intensiv
Margin

yellow orange-pink

Deep
Dentin

010020 110 120 130 140 210 220 230 240

Dentin

010020 030040 110 120 130 140 210 220 230 240

Incisal

T-S1 T-S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S2 S3 S3

Transparent

neutral neutral neutral

62
 light-brown grey dark-brown

310 320 330 340 410 420 430 440 510 520 530 540

brown incisal

310 320 330 340 410 420 430 440 510 520 530 540

add-on opaque orange

310 320 330 340 410 420 430 440 510 520 530 540

310 320 330 340 410 420 430 440 510 520 530 540

S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3

neutral neutral neutral

63
 AD shades

reddish-brown reddish-yellow

IPS d.SIGN
Opaquer

A1 A2 A3 A3.5 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4

Intenisv
Opaquer
white violet

Margin

A1 A2 A3 A3.5 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4

Intensiv
Margin
yellow orange-pink

Cervical
Dentin

Deep
Dentin
A1 A2 A3 A3.5 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4

Dentin

A1 A2 A3 A3.5 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4

Incisal

T-S1 T-S1 T-S2 T-S2 T-S3 T-S1 T-S1 T-S1 T-S2

Transparent

neutral neutral

64
 grey reddish-grey

C1 C2 C3 C4 D2 D3 D4

brown incisal

C1 C2 C3 C4 D2/D3 D4

add-on opaque orange

D2/D3 D2/D3

C1 C2 C3 C4 D2/D3 D4

C1 C2 C3 C4 D2 D3 D4

T-S1 T-S3 T-S3 T-S3 T-S3 T-S3 T-S3

neutral neutral

65
Shades independent of any shade system

IPS d.SIGN Impulse Kit 1

Occlusal Dentin

orange brown

Mamelon

light salmon yellow-orange

Effect

Effect 1 Effect 2 Effect 3 Effect 4 Effect 5 Effect violet

Transparent Incisal Edge

blue brown-grey orange-grey Incisal Edge

IPS d.SIGN Impulse Kit 2

Brilliant Dentin Palatinal Dentin

orange white yellow red yellow

Insert

grey orange

Inter Incisal

white-blue

Special Incisal Cervical Enamel

grey yellow khaki orange-pink orange yellow

IPS d.SIGN Gingiva Kit

Gingiva Opaquer Gingiva

Gingiva Opaquer G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

Modifier

GM1 GM2 GM3 GM4

66
IPS d.SIGN Essence Kit
Essence

brown grey orange yellow

IPS d.SIGN Stains Kit

Stains

basic blue basic red basic yellow black crackliner grey khaki
black

mahogany maroon olive orange vanille white yellow

IPS d.SIGN Shade Kit

Shade

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

AD Shades A1, B1, B2 A2, A3, A3.5 B3, B4, D4 A4 C1, D2, D3 C2, C3, C4
Chromascop 110, 120, 130 140, 210, 310, 320, 340 340, 540 410, 420 430, 440, 510 520, 530
220, 230, 240
BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4

Bleach Kit BL
Opaquer

BL1/BL2 BL3/BL4

The Margin materials are only available in shades BL1 and BL4. Shades BL2 and BL3 can
Margin be achieved by mixing the materials as following.

BL2 = 2/3 BL1 : 1/3 BL4

BL1 BL4 BL3 = 1/3 BL1 : 2/3 BL4

The Deep Dentin materials are only available in shades BL1 and BL4. Shades BL2 and BL3
Deep Dentin can be achieved by mixing the materials as following.

BL2 = 2/3 BL1 : 1/3 BL4

BL3 = 1/3 BL1 : 2/3 BL4
BL1 BL4

Dentin

BL1 BL2 BL3 BL4

Incisal

BL

Add-On

BL

67
Ivoclar Vivadent worldwide

Ivoclar Vivadent AG Ivoclar Vivadent Ivoclar Vivadent s.r.l. & C. s.a.s Ivoclar Vivadent Marketing Ltd.
Bendererstrasse 2 Marketing Ltd. Via Gustav Flora, 32 180 Paya Lebar Road
FL-9494 Schaan Rm 603 Kuen Yang 39025 Naturno (BZ) # 07-03 Yi Guang Building
Liechtenstein International Business Plaza Italy Singapore 409032
Tel. +423 235 35 35 No. 798 Zhao Jia Bang Road Tel. +39 0473 67 01 11 Tel. 65-68469183
Fax +423 235 33 60 Shanghai 200030 Fax +39 0473 66 77 80 Fax 65-68469192
www.ivoclarvivadent.com China www.ivoclarvivadent.it www.ivoclarvivadent.com
Tel. +86 21 5456 0776
Ivoclar Vivadent Pty. Ltd. Fax. +86 21 6445 1561 Ivoclar Vivadent K.K. Ivoclar Vivadent S.A.
1 5 Overseas Drive www.ivoclarvivadent.com 1-28-24-4F Hongo c/Emilio Muoz, 15
P.O. Box 367 Bunkyo-ku Esquina c/Albarracn
Noble Park, Vic. 3174 Ivoclar Vivadent Marketing Ltd. Tokyo 113-0033 E-28037 Madrid
Australia Calle 134 No. 7-B-83, Of. 520 Japan Spain
Tel. +61 3 979 595 99 Bogot Tel. +81 3 6903 3535 Tel. + 34 91 375 78 20
Fax +61 3 979 596 45 Colombia Fax +81 3 5844 3657 Fax + 34 91 375 78 38
www.ivoclarvivadent.com.au Tel. +57 1 627 33 99 www.ivoclarvivadent.com www.ivoclarvivadent.com
Fax +57 1 633 16 63
Ivoclar Vivadent GmbH www.ivoclarvivadent.com Ivoclar Vivadent S.A. de C.V. Ivoclar Vivadent AB
Bremschlstr. 16 Av. Mazatln No. 61, Piso 2 Dalvgen 14
Postfach 223 Ivoclar Vivadent SAS Col. Condesa S-169 56 Solna
A-6706 Brs B.P. 118 06170 Mxico, D.F. Sweden
Austria F-74410 Saint-Jorioz Mexico Tel. +46 8 514 93 930
Tel. +43 5552 624 49 France Tel. +52 (55) 5062-1000 Fax +46 8 514 93 940
Fax +43 5552 675 15 Tel. +33 450 88 64 00 Fax +52 (55) 5062-1029 www.ivoclarvivadent.se
www.ivoclarvivadent.com Fax +33 450 68 91 52 www.ivoclarvivadent.com.mx
www.ivoclarvivadent.fr Ivoclar Vivadent UK Limited
Ivoclar Vivadent Ltda. Ivoclar Vivadent Ltd Ground Floor Compass Building
Rua Geraldo Flausino Gomes, Ivoclar Vivadent GmbH 12 Omega St, Albany Feldspar Close
78 6. andar Cjs. 61/62 Dr. Adolf-Schneider-Str. 2 PO Box 5243 Wellesley St Warrens Business Park
Bairro: Brooklin Novo D-73479 Ellwangen, Jagst Auckland, New Zealand Enderby
CEP: 04575-060 So Paulo SP Germany Tel. +64 9 914 9999 Leicester LE19 4SE
Brazil Tel. +49 (0) 79 61 / 8 89-0 Fax +64 9 630 61 48 United Kingdom
Tel. +5511 5102 2020 Fax +49 (0) 79 61 / 63 26 www.ivoclarvivadent.co.nz Tel. +44 116 284 78 80
Fax. +5511 5102 4704 www.ivoclarvivadent.de Fax +44 116 284 78 81
www.ivoclarvivadent.com Ivoclar Vivadent Polska Sp. z.o.o. www.ivoclarvivadent.co.uk
Ivoclar Vivadent Marketing Ltd ul. Jana Pawla II 78
Ivoclar Vivadent Inc. 114, Janki Centre PL-01-501 Warszawa Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
2785 Skymark Avenue, Unit 1 Shah Industrial Estate Poland 175 Pineview Drive
Mississauga Veera Desai Road, Tel. +48 22 635 54 96 Amherst, N.Y. 14228
Ontario L4W 4Y3 Andheri (West) Fax +48 22 635 54 69 USA
Canada Mumbai 400 053 www.ivoclarvivadent.pl Tel. +1 800 533 6825
Tel. +1 905 238 5700 India Fax +1 716 691 2285
Fax +1 905 238 5711 Tel. +91 (22) 673 0302 Ivoclar Vivadent Marketing Ltd. www.ivoclarvivadent.us.com
www.ivoclarvivadent.us.com Fax. +91 (22) 673 0301 Derbenevskaja Nabereshnaja 11W
www.ivoclarvivadent.firm.in 115114 Moscow
Russia
Tel. +7495 913 66 16
Fax +7495 913 66 15
www.ivoclarvivadent.ru

Date information prepared: 01/2008

Caution: US Federal law restricts the sale of this device by or on the order of a
licensed dentist.

These materials have been developed solely for use in dentistry. Processing should
be carried out according to the Instructions for Use. Liability cannot be accepted
for damages resulting from failure to observe the Instructions or the stipulated
area of application. The user is responsible for testing the material for its suitabili-
ty for any purpose not explicitly stated in the Instructions. Descriptions and data
constitute no warranty of attributes and are not binding.
Printed in Liechtenstein
Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan / Liechtenstein
558656/0208/e/BVD