ELEMENTARY
and
HIGHER SURVEYING
(Laboratory)
SUBMITTED BY:
SAMANTHA M. ASUNCION
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. SALVADOR CARAS JR.
Hydrographic Surveying
Definition:
It is the branch of surveying which deals with any body of still or running water such as
a lake, harbor, stream or river. Hydrographic surveys are used to define shore line and under
water features.
What is Hydrographic?
Hydrographic survey is the science of measurement and description of features which
affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/offshore oil
drilling and related activities. Strong emphasis is placed on soundings, shorelines, tides,
currents, seabed and submerged obstructions that relate to the previously mentioned activities.
The term hydrography is used synonymously to describe maritime cartography, which in the
final stages of the hydrographic process uses the raw data collected through hydrographic
survey into information usable by the end user.
Hydrography is collected under rules which vary depending on the acceptance authority.
Traditionally conducted by ships with a sounding line or echo sounding, surveys are increasingly
conducted with the aid of aircraft and sophisticated electronic sensor systems in shallow waters.
OBJECTIVES OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING
Validated maps of MPB biomass, composition and physiological status. Different
functional groups of algae will be discriminated and quantified including nuisance algae.
The influence of MPB migration and sediment physical properties on the indices will be
modelled. A fluorescence index that measures the physiological status of MPB will be
developed. (indices for one pigment, chlorophyll a, quantifying one functional group of
algae)
Validated maps of primary production. A primary productivity model that takes into
account the availability of nutrients and the losses due to grazing and respiration.
Assessment of the performance of satellite data for the quantification of MPB and
sediment physical properties, construction of a validated historical archive for our test
sites, and advice on band selection for future missions.
Models at multiple scales of bio-physical sediment properties by using recently
developed statistical methods. With these models, the dominant spatial scales at which
MPB biomass and primary production are varying, can be described, and a list of the
main variables which determine estuarine ecosystems will be delivered.
Accuracy assessment and improvement of methods for supervised and unsupervised
classification based on clustering techniques, mainly to have a tool to study large and
unaccessible locations, such as the offshore sand banks of the Thames estuary and
intertidal sites in Surinam.
An independent test of the developed algorithms and methods using satellite data and
the dataset from a hyperspectral flight campaign with intensive ground-truthing which
will be required for June 2008.
HYDROGRAPHIC EQUIPMENTS
Boat Trident 720
For performance of marine survey we use the Trident 720 aluminium boat
which is easily transported by automobile trailer to the work area. This
increases significantly our mobility and allows being independent of possible
problems with water craft lease on site.
All the equipment we possess for underwater technical survey is mounted on
the boat. Double-current independent power supply is organized for
operations support of all systems involved in survey operations.
Parameters
Hard-structure length 7,2 m
Maximum length 7,5 m
Width 2,4 m
Amidships depth 0,8 m
Submersion 0,4 m
Deadrise:
Transom 17
Amidship 18
Dry weight 850 kg
Fuel tank capacity 205 l
Cabin deckhead height 1,6-1,7 m
Transom height 0,51 m
Outboard capacity 175 hp
Reacting power 15 hp
Passenger-carrying capacity 7 persons
Tonnage 800 kg
Dual frequency echo sounder Kongsberg 400SP
Dual frequency portable hydrographic echo sounder with most optimal
frequency operation 38/200 kHz is perfect for surveying both in shallow
water depths in small and open boats, and in depths up to 1500 m when
mounted on marine vessels..
Multibeam echo sounder R2Sonic Sonic2022
Sonic 2022 is a fifth-generation compact wideband shallow water multibeam
echo sounder, suitable for solution of a wide variety of hydrographic survey
tasks.
With the higher resolution (1,25 cm) the Sonic 2022 provides over 20
selectable operating frequencies to chose from within the 200 to 400 kHz
band, which provides for unparalleled flexibility to trade off resolution and
range and controlling interference from other active acoustic systems. In
addition, Sonic 2022 provides variable swath coverage selections from 10 to
160 as well as ability to rotate the swath sector. Both the frequency and
swath coverage may be selected on-the-fly, in real-time during survey
operations.
The echo sounder is perfect for detailed seafloor contour survey and water
area survey at depths starting from 0,5 m from a vibrator up to 400 m. Pass
band width of 60 kHz provides for doubling of imaging precision compared to
other echo sounders.
Elimination of the number of separate topside processors and interfaces made
this echo sounder ideal for mounting on submersibles and small survey
vessels.
Side scan sonar system EdgeTech 4125-P
Ultrasound dual frequency side scan sonar with Full Spectrum CHIRP
technology, which provides higher resolution acoustic seafloor, submarine
objects imagery with lower noise level.
EdgeTech 4125-P is specifically developed for smaller depths. The choice of
operating frequencies 400/900 kHz provides for a perfect combination of
the operating range and accuracy grade in shallow waters. Resolution per
frequencies 2,3 cm/ 1,5 cm respectively. Built-in compass, roll and pitch
heave sensor, pressure sensor.
Ship motion control sensor IMU-108
Ship motion control centre IMU-108 provides high accuracy motion
measurement data in dynamic environment in all areas from small
hydrographic vessels to large oil rigs in all weather conditions.
IMU-108 consists of several axial electronic components which convert built-in
accelerometers signals in output vessel heave data. The data collected by
electronic components is processed and filtered in a central processor of the
sensor.
Roll and pitch heave measurement accuracy - 0.03 (RMS). Vertical heave
component accuracy - 5 cm or 5%, which is better. Acceleration/ velocity
measurement in all directions.
Set of navigation receivers Trimble SPS 852 RTK
GPS/GLONASS (base, rover)
SPS852 is best suited for performance of both geodetic survey and high-
accuracy positioning of a vessel in the RTK regime (10 mm +1 mm/km plan,
20 mm +2 mm/km height) during hydrographic survey, which significantly
improves accuracy of sea area plans drafting, as well as calculations based on
such data.
The SPS852 modular receiver is perfect for setting of permanent or temporary
bases, for use as part of rover complexes as well as sea-based applications.
Sound velocity sensors Valeport MiniSVP, MiniSVS
A compulsory requirement for high-quality imaging of seafloor contour survey
is precise knowledge of the vertical profile of sound velocity underwater. To
solve this task we apply sound velocity sensors MiniSVP and MiniSVS.
Currently these speed velocity sensors are the most precise in the world.
Tide gauge Valeport TideMaster
Universal tide gauge TideMaster is used for short and long term survey. The
appliance can be used in salt and fresh water. Optional control panel with a
display, telemetry, embedded memory card provide for unprecedented
functionality of the appliance. Due to low energy consumption and user-
defined data sampling regime the gauge can work autonomously up to one
year. Different online data transmission methods allow broadening the
operational capacities of the appliance up to creation of a wide network of
stations.
For under-water visual technical survey we use a small-sized remotely
operated submersible vehicle by the INDEL-Partner
Ltd company SuperGNOM V.2.
SuperGNOM2 is used for search (aftersearch) and examination of under-water
objects, creation of plans (map-boards) of under-water working areas,
maintenance of operations performed by plungers, manned submersible
objects or remotely controlled submersible objects in coastal or inland waters.
QINSy is a modern software accumulating experience of best experts in
performance of hydrographic survey.
QINSy is a software for managing operations of a hydrographic complex, even
if this complex is composed of hydrographic equipment by different
manufacturers.
Sphere of application:
o Hydrographic and oceanographic survey
o Offshore inspections and marine pi maintenance
o Marine construction works
o ROV and AUV tracking and data collection
o Barge, tug and fleet management
o Chart production
