C1
R1           R2
                                      VIN
                                                                      VOUT
Figure 1613. First-Order Inverting Low-Pass Filter
           The transfer functions of the circuits are:
                                  R                                                               R
                            1 ) R2                                                             * R2
              A(s) +                  3                       and              A(s) +                 1
                        1 ) w cR 1C 1s                                                   1 ) w cR 2C 1s
           The negative sign indicates that the inverting amplifier generates a 180 phase shift from
           the filter input to the output.
           The coefficient comparison between the two transfer functions and Equation 163 yields:
                           R2                                 and                         R2
              A0 + 1 )                                                         A0 + *
                           R3                                                             R1
              a 1 + w cR 1C 1                                 and              a 1 + w cR 2C 1
           To dimension the circuit, specify the corner frequency (fC), the dc gain (A0), and capacitor
           C1, and then solve for resistors R1 and R2:
                        a1                                    and                        a1
              R1 +                                                             R2 +
                      2pf cC 1                                                         2pf cC 1
                                                                                          R2
              R 2 + R 3A 0 * 1                              and              R1 + *
                                                                                          A0
           The coefficient a1 is taken from one of the coefficient tables, Tables 164 through 1610
           in Section 16.9.
           Note, that all filter types are identical in their first order and a1 = 1. For higher filter orders,
           however, a11 because the corner frequency of the first-order stage is different from the
           corner frequency of the overall filter.