Art Compilation
Dela Cruz, Euco Jin G. Gr. 9 SPC
A compilation of artists and their artworks in the Renaissance until the Baroque era
Art Compilation
Art Compilation
Dela Cruz, Euco Jin G. Gr. 9 SPC
Renaissance
Michelangelo (1475 - 1564 ) a period in European
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was an Italian history, from the 14th to
sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the 17th century,
the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on regarded as the cultural
the development of Western art. Considered the greatest living bridge between the
artist during his lifetime, he has since been described as one of the Middle Ages and
greatest artists of all time. modern history. It
started as a cultural
movement in Italy in the
Medieval period and
later spread to the rest
of Europe, marking the
beginning of the
Modern age.
The intellectual basis of
the Renaissance was its
own invented version of
humanism, derived
from the concept of
Artwork The Piet Roman Humanitas and
The Piet was housed in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. It is the the rediscovery of
first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. The classical Greek
statue was commissioned for the French Cardinal Jean de Bilhres, philosophy, such as that
who was a representative in Rome. of Protagoras, who said
that "Man is the
This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his
measure of all things."
mother Mary after the Crucifixion. The theme is of Northern origin,
This new thinking
popular by that time in France but not yet in Italy. Michelangelo's
became manifest in art,
interpretation of the Piet is unprecedented in Italian sculpture. It is
architecture, politics,
an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideals of classical
science and literature.
beauty with naturalism.
Michelangelo (1475 - 1564 ) 1
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Leonardo da Vinci ( 1452 1519 )
Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath whose areas of interest included invention,
painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy,
geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He has been variously called the father
of palaeontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of
all time. Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank, he epitomised
the Renaissance humanist ideal.
Artworks The Last Supper and Mona Lisa
Leonardo's most famous painting of the 1490s is The Last Supper, commissioned for the refectory of the
Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan. It represents the last meal shared by Jesus with his
disciples before his capture and death, and shows the moment when Jesus has just said "one of you will
betray me", and the consternation that this statement caused.
Among the works created by Leonardo in the 16th century is the small portrait known as the Mona
Lisa or "la Gioconda", the laughing one. In the present era it is arguably the most famous painting in
the world. Its fame rests, in particular, on the elusive smile on the woman's face, its mysterious quality
perhaps due to the subtly shadowed corners of the mouth and eyes such that the exact nature of the
smile cannot be determined. The shadowy quality for which the work is renowned came to be called
"sfumato", or Leonardo's smoke.
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Raphael ( 1483 1520 )
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High
Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of
the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he
forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
Artwork - La belle jardinire
It was commissioned by the Sienese patrician Fabrizio Sergardi and shows Mary, Christ and the young
John the Baptist. It is currently in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. This painting is one of the most
famous Madonna portraits of Italian Renaissance painter, Raphael. Raphael studied the works of
Leonardo da Vinci while in Florence and applied some of Leonardo's techniques to his own painting.
Raphael's use of contrasting light and darks, and the relaxed, informal pose of the Madonna illustrates
Leonardo's influence on La belle jardinire.
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Donatello ( 1386 1466 )
Donato di Niccol di Betto Bardi (c. 1386 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello (Italian:
[donatllo]), was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence. He studied classical sculpture and
used this to develop a complete Renaissance style in sculpture, whose periods in Rome, Padua and
Siena introduced to other parts of Italy a long and productive career. He worked with stone, bronze,
wood, clay, stucco and wax, and had several assistants, with four perhaps being a typical number.
Though his best-known works were mostly statues in the round, he developed a new, very shallow,
type of bas-relief for small works, and a good deal of his output was larger architectural reliefs.
Artwork The Penitent Magdalene
The Penitent Magdalene is a wooden sculpture of Mary Magdalene by the Italian Renaissance sculptor
Donatello, created around 1453-1455. The sculpture was probably commissioned for the Baptistery of
Florence. The piece was received with astonishment for its unprecedented realism.
Though the "Penitent Magdalene" was the usual depiction for the many single figures of Mary
Magdalene in art, Donatello's gaunt, emaciated figure differs greatly from most depictions, which show
a beautiful young woman in nearly perfect health. The Magdalene Penitent is famous for the detailed
and very realistic carvings on the statue. Medieval hagiography in the Western church had conflated
the figure of Mary Magdalene, already conflated with Mary of Bethany and the unnamed sinner in the
Anointing of Jesus, with that of Saint Mary of Egypt. She was a popular figure in the Eastern Churches,
who had been a prostitute before spending thirty years repenting in the desert. Donatello's depiction is
similar to, and very probably influenced by, Eastern Orthodox icons of Mary of Egypt, which show a
similar emaciated figure. He thus ignored the Western legends by which Mary was daily fed by angels
in the desert.
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Caravaggio ( 1573 1610 )
an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the
early 1590s to 1610. His paintings combine a realistic observation of
the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use Baroque
of lighting, and they had a formative influence on Baroque
painting. Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a The Baroque period is a
dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. period of artistic style
He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening that used exaggerated
shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. motion and clear, easily
Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often interpreted detail to
featuring violent struggles, torture and death. produce drama, tension,
exuberance, and
grandeur in sculpture,
painting, architecture,
literature, dance,
theatre, and music. The
style began around 1600
in Rome and Italy, and
spread to most of
Europe and Latin
America.
The popularity and
success of the Baroque
Artworks The calling of Saint Matthew and The style was encouraged by
Crowning with Thorns the Catholic Church,
The Calling of Saint Matthew is a masterpiece, depicting the which had decided at
moment at which Jesus Christ inspires Matthew to follow him. It the time of the Council
was completed in 15991600 for the Contarelli Chapel in the church of Trent, in response to
of the French congregation, San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, where the Protestant
it remains today. Reformation, that the
arts should
According to Caravaggio's biographer Giovanni Bellori a Crowning
communicate religious
with Thorns was made for Caravaggio's patron Vincenzo
themes with direct and
Giustiniani, and this painting can be traced convincingly to the
emotional involvement.
Giustiniani collection.
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Rubens ( 1577 1640 )
Sir Peter Paul Rubens (/rubnz/;[1] Dutch: [ryb(n)s]; 28 June 1577 30 May 1640) was a Flemish
artist. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged
compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely
popular Baroque style emphasized movement, color, and sensuality, which followed the immediate,
dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces,
portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.
Artworks Prometheus Bound and Venus at a Mirror
Prometheus Bound is an oil painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens. It shows the punishment
of Prometheus. The painting was first started between 1611 and 1612, and was completed by 1618, with
the eagle painted by the specialist animal painter Frans Snyders. For a long time Rubens kept it in his
own personal collection. It is now in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania. It
is based on the Greek play, Prometheus Bound
The pose of the Venus resembles the classical statues of the Venus de' Medici in Florence or the
Capitoline Venus in Rome, which Titian may have seen when he wrote that was "learning from the
marvelous ancient stones." The painting is said to celebrate the ideal beauty of the female form, or to be
a critique of vanity, or perhaps both.[2] It was copied by several later artists, including Peter Paul
Rubens and Anthony van Dyck.
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Velasquez ( 1599 1660 )
was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV, and one of the most important
painters of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary Baroque
period. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he painted
scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners,
culminating in the production of his masterpiece Las Meninas (1656).
Artworks Las Meninas and Pope Innocent X
Las Meninas has long been recognised as one of the most important paintings in Western art history.
The Baroque painter Luca Giordano said that it represents the "theology of painting" and in 1827 the
president of the Royal Academy of Arts Sir Thomas Lawrence described the work in a letter to his
successor David Wilkie as "the true philosophy of the art".[4] More recently, it has been described as
"Velzquez's supreme achievement, a highly self-conscious, calculated demonstration of what painting
could achieve, and perhaps the most searching comment ever made on the possibilities of the easel
painting".
Portrait of Pope Innocent X is an oil on canvas portrait by the Spanish painter Diego Velzquez,
executed during a trip to Italy around 1650. Many artists and art critics consider it the finest portrait
ever created.[1] It is housed in the Galleria Doria Pamphilj in Rome.
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Rembrandt ( 1606 1669 )
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (/rmbrnt, -brnt/;[2] Dutch: [rmbrnt rm(n)son vn rin]
(About this sound listen); 15 July 1606[1] 4 October 1669) was a Dutch draughtsman, painter, and
printmaker. An innovative and prolific master in three media,[3] he is generally considered one of the
greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history.[4] Unlike most
Dutch masters of the 17th century, Rembrandt's works depict a wide range of style and subject matter,
from portraits and self-portraits to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, biblical
and mythological themes as well as animal studies.
Artworks The Return of the Prodigal Son and The Night Watch
The Return of the Prodigal Son is an oil painting by Rembrandt. It is among the Dutch master's final
works, likely completed within two years of his death in 1669.[1] Depicting the moment of the prodigal
son's return to his father in the Biblical parable, it is a renowned work described by art historian
Kenneth Clark as "a picture which those who have seen the original in St. Petersburg may be forgiven
for claiming as the greatest picture ever painted".
Militia Company of District II under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq,[1] also known as
The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, but commonly referred
to as The Night Watch (Dutch: De Nachtwacht), is a 1642 painting by Rembrandt van Rijn. It is in the
collection of the Amsterdam Museum but is prominently displayed in the Rijksmuseum as the best
known painting in its collection. The painting is famous for three things: its colossal size (363 cm 437
cm (11.91 ft 14.34 ft)), the dramatic use of light and shadow (tenebrism) and the perception of motion
in what would have traditionally been a static military group portrait.
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Bernini ( 1598 1680 )
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian pronunciation: [dan lorntso bernini]; also Gianlorenzo or Giovanni
Lorenzo; 7 December 1598 28 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect.[1] While a major
figure in the world of architecture, he was, also and even more prominently, the leading sculptor of his
age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture.[2] As one scholar has commented, "What
Shakespeare is to drama, Bernini may be to sculpture: the first pan-European sculptor whose name is
instantaneously identifiable with a particular manner and vision, and whose influence was
inordinately powerful...."[3] In addition, he was a painter (mostly small canvases in oil) and a man of
the theater: he wrote, directed and acted in plays (mostly Carnival satires), also designing stage sets
and theatrical machinery, as well as a wide variety of decorative art objects including lamps, tables,
mirrors, and even coaches. As architect and city planner, he designed both secular buildings and
churches and chapels, as well as massive works combining both architecture and sculpture, especially
elaborate public fountains and funerary monuments and a whole series of temporary structures (in
stucco and wood) for funerals and festivals.
Artwork Apollo and Daphne
Apollo and Daphne is a life-sized Baroque marble sculpture by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini,
executed between 1622 and 1625. Housed in the Galleria Borghese in Rome, the work depicts the
climax of the story of Daphne and Phoebus in Ovid's Metamorphoses.
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