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Def Training

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems use Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) to significantly reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from diesel engines to meet stringent 2010 emissions standards. DEF is a 32.5% solution of urea in water that is injected into the hot exhaust stream where it decomposes to form ammonia, which reacts with NOx over an SCR catalyst to convert it into nitrogen and water. Cummins will offer SCR systems across its heavy duty engine lineup using DEF to comply with emissions standards while also improving fuel economy up to 5% compared to previous engine generations.

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100% found this document useful (11 votes)

2K views41 pages

Def Training

Uploaded by

andi_lb9453

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 41

Selective Catalytic

Reduction (SCR) and

Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF)
Training Module
DEF SCR Training Module

Welcome to the Cummins Filtration DEF SCR

introductory training module.
DEF SCR systems are a strategic
methodology to Cummins meeting the 2010 On-
Highway emission requirements.
Many other engine manufacturers have selected
SCR as their 2010 emission strategy therefore,
DEF will be an integral part of their solution as
well.
DEF SCR Training Module

The following training module will introduce you to

the basic aspects of this new technology,
providing an overview of the Selective Catalytic
Reduction (SCR) system and Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF).
DEF SCR Training Module
Objectives:

Objective 1:To become familiar with DEF and SCR systems.

Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF.
Objective 3: To understand Cummins Filtrations role in DEF
supply.
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

1994
The 2010 heavy-duty 5.0
1998
emission standards 4.0

(g/hp-hr)
for North America
are: 0.2g/HP-hr 2002
2.5
NOx and 0.01
NOx
g/HP-hr Particulate 2007
1.2
Matter (PM).
0.2
0.0
2010
0.0 0.01 0.10

PM (g/hp-hr)
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

1994
5.0
This is a reduction
1998
of emissions by 4.0

(g/hp-hr)
98% since the late
2002
1980s. 2.5

NOx
2007
1.2

0.2
0.0
2010
0.0 0.01 0.10

PM (g/hp-hr)
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

Cummins has committed

to providing a complete
lineup of certified and
compliant on-highway
engine products that will
meet the 2010 emission
standards.
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

Cummins will be building on the technology that it currently

has in the marketplace. Building on its successes with
cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) introduced in
2002 and the Cummins Particulate Filter introduced in
2007, Cummins will meet the 2010 emissions standards
with the addition of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) aftertreatment
using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology.
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

SCR technology uses a urea

based chemical called diesel
exhaust fluid (DEF) and a
catalytic converter to
significantly reduce oxides of
nitrogen (NOx) emissions.

SCR Catalyst
Very high efficiency
Thermal stability
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

SCR technology is not new

to Cummins and Cummins
Filtration. In 2006,
Cummins launched its
midrange engines certified
to the Euro 4 standard
using SCR for commercial
vehicle applications in
Europe. SCR Catalyst
Very high efficiency
Thermal stability
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

Cummins has built and

shipped over 45,000 SCR
engines to date, and
Cummins Emission
Solutions has built and
shipped over 200,000
SCR systems.

SCR Catalyst
Very high efficiency
Thermal stability
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

Cummins Filtration has

marketed a DEF product
since 2003.

SCR Catalyst
Very high efficiency
Thermal stability
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

The DEF is injected into the hot

exhaust gas stream where it
vaporizes and decomposes to
form ammonia and carbon
dioxide. The ammonia (NH3) is
the desired product which in
conjunction with the SCR
catalyst, converts the NOx to
Nitrogen (N2) and water (H20).

SCR Catalyst
Very high efficiency
Thermal stability
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Fundamentals
Chemistry is well understood and controllable
11 22 33 44
DEF Injection Hydrolysis NOx Catalysis Ammonia Slip
Small quantity of DEF injected When the DEF is injected NO and NO2 react with Any trace amounts of
Proportional to NOx rate into hot exhaust gas, it ammonia over a catalyst ammonia remaining after
32.5% solution in water, vaporizes and to form nitrogen and reaction with NOx is
freezing point = 11 F decomposes to form water vapor broken down to nitrogen
Stored in heated tanks ammonia and carbon Maximum tailpipe
(NH2)2CO dioxide ammonia 10PPM
NH3

Urea SCR Slip

Injector Catalyst Catalyst
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Cummins will provide all SCR components except
the tank.

SCR Catalyst Particulate Filter

Urea Tank

Urea Dosing ECM

Control Unit
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

Cummins Heavy Duty engines

utilizing an SCR system can
deliver up to 5% improvement
in fuel economy, primarily
due to being the only engine
manufacturer with the in-
house capability to design,
produce and integrate key
Note: Medium Duty engines
engine and aftertreatment will achieve the same great
sub-systems. fuel economy as their 2007
predecessors.
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

Additionally, SCR catalyst

technology allows much
greater NOx conversion
efficiency, thereby allowing
the engine to be fully
optimized, which contributes
to this fuel economy
improvement.
Objective 1: To become familiar with DEF and SCR
systems.

The combination of combustion

design, fuel systems, air
handling, aftertreatment,
filtration and electronic
controls, all in-house core
technologies, puts Cummins
in a very unique and strong
market position.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of
DEF
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is

the reactant necessary for
the functionality of the SCR
system.

DEF is produced from

natural gas, coal or other
petroleum products.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

Pure urea is solid at room

temperature. DEF is
prepared by dissolving
solid urea to create a
32.5% solution in water.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

The solution has high purity

requirements which are
defined by the German
Institute of Standardization
DIN 70700 and the
International Organization
for Standardization ISO
22241-1.

There will also be an American

Petroleum Institute (API)
certification.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

While urea is used

commonly in agriculture,
the formula used in an
SCR system as DEF is a
highly purified specially
made liquid.
End-users and operators will
not be capable of
producing their own DEF to
these strict standards.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

A 32.5% solution of DEF will

freeze at 11 degrees F,
(-11 C).
This is the ideal solution as it
allows the lowest freeze
point and in the event the
solution does freeze, the
urea and water will freeze
at the same rate, ensuring
the solution does not
become diluted.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

The installation of an SCR

system will provide for
heating of the DEF tank
and supply lines.
The system will be designed
to operate properly in cold
climates.

Note: If DEF freezes, it can be Recommended storage of

thawed and used. DEF is not DEF is between 40 and 80
damaged or destroyed from deg F
being frozen. (4 to 27 deg. C)
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

It is important to note, that

even in the event that the
DEF supply is frozen, (in a
vehicle) it will NOT impact
the operators ability to start
up and continue normal
operation of the vehicle.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

Cummins has tested the

storage life of DEF for
several years, and the
International Organization
for Standardization (ISO)
has specification 22241-3
that details the storage,
handling and shelf life
minimum expectations
throughout the distribution
chain.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

Storage temperature below

86 deg F, or 30 deg C is
recommended to maintain
shelf life
Storage temperature above
11 deg F, or -11 deg C is
recommended to avoid
freezing
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

While DEF may have a

slightly pungent odor,
similar to that of
ammonia, it is non-
toxic, non-polluting and
non-flammable.
Objective 2: To gain further knowledge of DEF

DEF consumption is
expected to be
approximately 2% of fuel
consumption, dependant
on vehicle operation,
duty cycle, geography,
ratings etc.

A heavy duty truck,

averaging 120,000 miles
annually, and achieving 6
mpg, would require
approximately 400 gallons
of DEF.
Objective 3: To understand Cummins
Filtrations role in DEF supply.
Objective 3: To understand Cummins Filtrations
role in DEF supply.