CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The word library is derived from the Latin word Liber bearing the meaning a
book and French word LIBRAIRE bearing the meaning book seller shop; the
home of book in Sanskrit ( Khanna, 1994, p. 1).

In the ancient period library was presumed just as a store house of the books, only aim
of which was to preserved the rare books. However in the present era, the aims and
objectives of libraries are going to cover wider scope and are being adjusted in
accordance to necessity also.

According to Ranganathan, a library " a public institution or establishment charged

with the care of a collection of books, the duty of making them accessible to those
who require the use of them and the task of converting every person in its
neighborhood into a habitual library goer and reader of books"( krishan, 1991, p 3).

Thus a library is regarded as a public institution, which is also expected to convert the
potential readers into actual readers. This is the concept of a modern library.

There are several types of libraries existing in the society to serve the needs of the
society. Some of the most popular types of libraries are:

A Public libraries

-National libraries

-State libraries

- Local libraries

B Special libraries

-By User

-By Material

-By Subject

C Academic libraries

-School libraries

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 -College libraries

-University libraries

A Public Libraries

It is a library which serve the population of a community or free of charge or for a

nominal fee. It refers to a library which is approved wholly or partly from public
funds, and use which is not restricted to any class of persons in the community and is
freely available to all.

The public library is often called the Peoples University for its universal character.
The public library is an institution for the people, of the people, by the people. It is
for all, without the distinction of caste, creed, class, color or sex.

According to UNESCOs Terminology of Documentation public library is a library

which serves the population of a community or region free of charge or for a nominal
fee. ( Krishan, 1991, p. 73).).

According Dr. S.R. Ranganathan compares the public library with academic library
and says, Academic libraries can serve only a small fraction of the community. The
rest must depend for their life-long self-education on a second species of libraries the
national network- the public library. It has the advantage over academic libraries in
that the benefit it can bestow is global; the public library is a source not merely of
information but also of recreation and inspiration. He further explains the term
public library as, The word public denotes, in the first place that such libraries are
maintained at public expense- out of local rates and state taxes. Since their benefits
accrue to the community as a whole, the community supports them. It also denotes
that their service is free to the public: they levy no subscriptions or fees. (Dilli, K. T.,
1997, p. 13).

A. 1 Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the public library is to provide free access to its holdings and free service
to all people, irrespective of caste, color, sex, creed, rich, poor, young and old.

The following are the objectives of Public libraries.

o To contribute to sustaining the quality of life in all its aspects-educational,

economic, industrial, scientific and cultural.

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 o To promote the concept of a democratic society in which equal opportunities
exist for all to develop into true citizens.

o To promote and foster the free flow of information and ideas.

o To assist formal, adult and self education.

o To create and promote reading habit.

A .2 Function

The following are the essential functions of the public libraries.

-Education

-Information

-Culture

-Leisure/recreation

Public library mainly categories in three types:

A. 1.1. National Library

A. 1.2 Government Library

A. 1.3 Local Library

A. 1.1 National Library

For any country, a National Library is like a living monument representing culture
and glory of the nation. It is the only institution capable of preserving for the future
the whole of each countrys output and ensuring that bibliographical work proceeds
on uniform lines.

The National library has the following objectives:

o To act as a chief depository of all printed documents of that country.

o Responsible for the compilation and the publication of National Bibliography.

o To act as a centre for the whole countrys library system by providing all
assistance within and outside the country.

o To act as the reservoir of the nations literary output (entire holdings) by

providing current, retrospective and foreign literature.

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A. 1.2 Government Libraries

The government libraries also function as national libraries and local libraries. These
libraries provide reference and lending facilities too. Their collections are such that
they can serve the informational needs of the highly educated as well as the neo -
Literature. These libraries have branch libraries, mobile libraries and childrens
libraries.(Dilli, K. T., 1997, p. 16)

A. 1.3 Local Libraries

The local Libraries are normally run by private individuals and organizations. These
libraries mostly depend upon endowments, gift and donations. Most of them charge
subscription from the users.( Dilli, K. T., 1997, p. 16).

B Special Libraries

It refers to the library which is organized to serve the needs of specialist readers of the
different kinds. In a special library, the readers are restricted in subject coverage,
standard and number. The mode of service also is specialized in its nature.

The Special Library is the product of the 20th century. It is directly related to scientific
and technological research and industrial development.

A library which is devoted for a specialized activity such as for the requirements of
specialists or of some special institutions is known as special library.

B. 1 Need for special Libraries.

The following are the chief factors which gave rise to special libraries.

o Explosion of information(Books, Periodicals and other materials)

o Necessity to provide some specific piece of information to specific readers

o Application of the results of research for further growth of subject areas.

It is generally believed that the general libraries may not be able to satisfy the specific
needs of the special type of information seekers who are in the Research and
Development wing (R & D). Hence the need for establishment of special libraries for
a specific field.

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B. 2 Objectives

The basic objectives of the special library is to provide latest information to those who
are engaged in promoting the interests of the organization. Since the users of the
special libraries are definite in their purpose and need exact and accurate information,
these libraries are expected to provide exact latest information at the right time. Hence
the special libraries exist to provide facts and information rather than recreation and
leisure.

The collection of special library may contain latest edition of the books current
journals of the specific field , press releases , reports, working papers, archival
material, directories, etc.

The special library is expected to provide the following services to the special users:

o To provide photocopying facilities.

o To provide Selective Disseminate Information ( SDI).

o To provide documentation service like translations , indexing and

abstracting.

o To provide on-line system through computer terminals.

o To provide bibliographic services.

o To provide inter-library loan facilities.

The special libraries are located in different kinds of institutions, organizations and
enterprises. The collections of special libraries are generally limited to specific
subjects or groups of allied subjects. Special libraries may be categorized in the
following ways.

By User ( Example , Prison Library).

By Material ( Example , Nepal Rastriya Abhilekhalaya)

By Subject ( Example , Social Science Baha).

The organization which provides specialized library services has definite policies and
commitments to community. The users of these libraries are very purposeful and they
make use of the resources of the library in pursuit of their objectives. These libraries
provide facts and information rather than recreation. Supply of periodicals and bound
volumes to users is one of the important services offered in the special library. If the

5
required periodicals in not available for reference in a library, the librarian has to
make an effort to locate the same in another library and procure it on inter- library
loan.

C Academic Libraries

A library attached to a school or college or university is known as academic library.

The main purpose of an academic library is to function as an auxiliary of the parent
institution in carrying out its teaching program effectively.

Any library attached to the above institutions is known as an academic library. The
academic library differs in purpose, scope, and services from a public and special
library.

The main objective of the academic library is to function as an auxiliary of the

institution in which is exists. Its main function is to serve the needs of students and
faculties in formal institutions. It is generally believed that an institution is judge by
its library.

According to Prof. S. Gupta , The quality of the academic library, that is , the
school, the college library and the university library, is conditional not wholly, but
largely, by the quality of education the academic institution imparts, which in turn
depends directly on the quality of its teachers, their teaching method, the policy of
educational administration, and indirectly , on the Government which has to find
money for the general improvement of such academic institutions".( Dilli, K. T.,
1997, p. 17).

C. 1 School Library

Psychologically it is a child who is always curious to know many things than the
grown-ups. With this curiosity, the child comes to the school. Hence it is the duty of
the school authorities to provide suitable atmosphere for the all round development of
the child. The child will not be satisfied unless it is fed with facts and figures.
Undoubtedly the school library can undertake the responsibility of serving the
curiosity of the child.

It is believed that the books that a child reads, in addition to the text books, shape his
character and determine his ideal for the future.

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The school library should create the reading habit among children. This will, in turn,
help them to make the best use of college, university and public libraries in future.
The collection in a school library must include junior reference sources, books
supplementing the prescribed reading materials. The main objective of the school
library is to create reading habits among the children.

C. 2 College Library

As college library is an important and integral part of the teaching program, it

occupies a prominent position. The present day college education has become
student centered and it encourages students to play a vital and creative role in their
own education. The college library is one of the means to achieve their ends. The
college library is one of the means to achieve their ends .

The aims of college education and college libraries are inter-related. The college
library provides ample opportunities for self education to the students, besides
supplementing the class lectures.

The following are the objectives of a college library:

o To provide suitable supplementary books to assist students and faculties.

o To provide necessary information on how to tap suitable information.

o To encourage students to face the world with confidence.

o To provide assistance for self education by the providing suitable documents

to students.

o To assist teaching faculties in organizing the syllabic and method of teaching.

o To provide important assistance like the latest developments in Various

fields.( Dilli, K. T., 1997, p. 18).

C. 3 University Library

It is a library or group of libraries established, maintained, and administered by a

university to meet the needs of its students and members of the academic staff.
University library is primarily concerned with the conservation and propagation of
basic knowledge and ideas as well as their research and interpretation activities.

An academic library is a library in the university, college, school and other

institutions forming a part of ,or associated with an institution of higher learning. It

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contributes to the educational research, teaching and learning of the academic
community. The clientele of academic libraries are Teachers , students , research
scholars and staffs. Academic library is classified into following categories

The university library is an academic library. It is a library which is an integral part of

an institution of higher education. So, it occupies an unique position among the
academic libraries . It forms the keystone in the arch of higher education. The
university library is described as the heart of the university .The workshop of
scholars and the library of learned(khanna,1994 ,p.41)

The university library is always linked with the objectives university as a whole , so
the university has to give more then the traditional library service to fulfill the needs
of the users and utilized the collected information more effectively. The university
library should specially be awarded with the need of users. The service provided by
the university library should be fully utilized. Otherwise, it will be meaningless and
wastage of time and efforts. Hence, the university library should be watched carefully
on users with regard to their felt needs.

The quality of teaching and research depends upon the quality of information services
provided by library to its users. To provide information service. It requires the proper
management of library. So, the concept of library management include the
management in a distinct process consulting of planning, organizing , controlling ,
utilizing in each both science and art and following in order to accomplish
predetermine objective

For higher education the university is the centre of learning and the centre of
intellectual activity. Hence , the duty of the advancement of knowledge.

The university library is not only a storehouse of books, but it is a dynamic agency to
assist the scholars and researchers in carrying on their pursuits in the advancement of
knowledge by making use of the library books extensively. The aim of university
education should be the aim of university library.

The university library is expected to cater to the varied needs of graduates,

postgraduates, research scholars and faculty members. Normally , the collection of
university library, consists of books related to their curriculum, supplementary
reading and books for teaching and research. Besides, the library has to subscribe to

8
many current useful journals related to the research scholars and has to possess non-
book materials such as microfilms and microfiche.

We can sum up the objectives of the university library as:

o To support the universitys total program.

o To supply more specialized service to those who seek information in the

specific field of study.

o To arrange essential reading materials and other library facilities for the
smooth running of all formal program of learning.

o To keep the faculty members informed of the latest thought in their respective
fields.

o To guide research scholars and provide them the resources useful to enhance
the research project.( Dilli, K. T. 1997, p. 18-29).

1.1.1 Development of Academic libraries in Nepal

Libraries attached to school, college, university or an institute learning is known as

academic libraries. They exist to support the goals of their parent organizations.

Variety of libraries have variety of purpose to serve their readers. Academic library
has also such purpose. It assists to the education research, teaching and learning of the
academic community.

In the context of Nepal, the history of academic library is not so long . Due to various
reasons, our educational condition is very background than other countries. But it is
in progress now than previous. State education in Nepal had hardly existed before
1951 A.D. The first school in Nepal was established in 1851 and Trichandra college
was started in 1918.But with the end of Rana autocracy in 1950 and the dawn of
democratic era, many new academic institutions were opened to give a real education
to the public.

Many academic libraries were managed with few hundred or a few thousands
collections. Most of the school libraries have found and looked like second hand book
store house of poorest type.

Most of the academic libraries are managed still with poor collection and without
professional staffs. The concept of the library play great role in achieving the goals
and objectives the campus or institution of higher education has still not realized. It is
9
necessary that all the professional libraries should be organized to stimulate, to
promote the library development in Nepal.

The biggest and reputed university library of Nepal is Tribhuvan University Central
Library Kirtipur.

1. 1. 2 Introduction of Tribhuvan University

Tribhuvan University was established under the Tribhuvan University act of 1959 by
His Majestys government of Nepal then under King Tribhuvan (1982, March).

Tribhuvan University is a premier University of Nepal. This University has five

technical institutions, four research centers, four faculties and thirty nine central
departments. Tribhuvan University is the first University Nepal and also premier
institution of higher education. Tribhuvan University is an autonomous institution and
financed by the government of Nepal.

1.1. 2.1 The Goals of Tribhuvan University are

o To Produce skilled manpower essential for the overall development of Nepal.

o To accumulate advance and dissemination of knowledge.

o To encourage and promote research in arts, science and technology as well as

in the vocational field.

C. 2.2 Introduction of Tribhuvan University Central Library(TUCL)

TU was established in 1959AD (2016 BS) and University Library was also
established then. But even before the establishment of TU Library there used to be
Central Library in Kathmandu. Later Central library was included within Tribhuvan
University Library. And only after about one and half Decades, in 2030 BS the
University Library was renamed as TUCL. ( Pangeni, 2068 BS, p.127).

TUCL was established in 1959 ad along with the Tribhuvan University, on the
beginning, it has a collection of 1200 volumes of books, inadequate furniture and very
limited space for book stocks. The 5th. Laws of library science were applied in
TUCL, i. e. "Library is growing organism. Now, it is largest library in
Nepal.(Bhandary ,2003, p. 53)

Collection grows, users are increased, furniture are added, more space is needed, new
services are introduced. This demands a strong look for development of TU Central
library.(Bhandary, 2003, p. 53).
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Although, its main objectives is to support research and teaching within Tribhuvan
University the library is supporting the general public. The library is trying to
modernize and develop the library as one of the best libraries in Nepal, one noted for
achieving remarkable success in its activities .TUCL is an academic library but it has
been functioning like:

National library and

Public library

As a National Library the library is compiling NNB since 1981. This is one of the
prime functions of National library.

The library has been collecting Nepalese publications by purchase and gift. This is
also one of the functions of National Library.

TUCL is a depository library for UN publications. The library is a depository for

World Bank, Asian development Bank and International Monitory Funds
publications.

TUCL is national agency for assigning the ISBN for the publication in Nepal since
2001.

The library is national coordinating agency of the International Network for the
availability of research information (PERI).

As a Public Library- In house use are free to interested person at TUCL. This is the
one of the objectives on Public Library.

TUCL is devoted to support and facilitate the research scholars, student and other in
the study, teaching and research works by providing library and information services.
It collect, provided and disseminates reading, materials to its users.( TUCL
,2007/2008)

The library maintains contacts with the national and international organizations that
supply books, periodicals equipment and technical services. The main purpose of
detonating their publication and collection is to make them use by the large number of
readers from pertinent organizations and to preserved them for the future users.

Besides donations from organization, the library also receives personally donations
every year, and organizes these documents properly for use.

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Since July 2002, the library has been providing electronic resources from its
information technology units.

The library is a national co-coordinating agency of international network for the

availability of scientific publication (INASP) for the program makes than
enhancement of research information (PERI). This program makes accessible to uses
a full tend data base of more than 25000 electronic journals, Nepali research scholars
have access to it free of cost. After registration in the PERI program, articles of the
journals can be browsed, downloaded and printed. The library is fully devoted to this
service and the users are increasing each year. More than 250 institutions and
organizations have registered to gain access to PERI resources. (TUCL, Annual report
2007/2008, p. 43-44)

1.1. 2.3 The objectives of TUCL are

To fulfill the teaching related and research needs of the university.

To provide materials both in conventional and electronic formats and to

furnish * an environment conducive to study and research.

To encourage membership and promote information library, readership and

life-long learning

To preserve the intellectual heritage of the nation.

To promote resource sharing networking and exchange of documents and

databases.

To provide documentation and information services and to bring relevant

publications.

To help to develop libraries and promote scholarly standards, guidelines and

practices.

To promote professional expertise in information management and to conduct

training in librarianship.

The annual report 2007/2008 states that to attain the above objectives the library
performs the following functions.

Selection and acquisition of documents.

Book circulation.

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Compilation or press clippings.

Conduct formal and attachment training.

Conduct user education/orientation services

Display current issue and compile annual volume for binding.

Document Delivery Services (DDS).

E-mail/internet/CDROM services.

Management of Nepalese journals bulletins, news letter, news paper and international
journals.

Maintenance a special collection of Nepalese journals.

Maintenance of in hours as well as website database.

Membership distribution.

Online and full tent databases services.

Organize exhibition program.

Provide ISBN to from INASP/PERI e-services.

Publication of bibliographies serial list, annual reports and index.

Publication of the Nepal national bibliography (NNB).

Technical processing or organization of documents.

In order to maximize the library service and usage, TUCL has different sections to
facilitate the access to resources, which are as follows:

1. Acquisition section

2. Technical section

3. Textbook section

4. American studies section

5. Japanese studies collection

6. Periodical section

7. United nation collection section

8. Singh collection

13
9. Reference collection

10. Nepal collection section

11. Rare books and manuscripts section

12. Information technology unit and CDROMs databases

13. ISBN Nepal agency section

14. Microfilming section

15. Audio-visual section

16. Circulation section

1.1.2.4 Acquisition section

The acquisition section takes the responsibilities for collection development .this
section develops the collection through purchase exchange, depository libraries, ISBN
national coordinating agency etc.

Purchase

Gift

Exchange

Depository library

ISBN national coordinating agency.

Purchase

Library allocated budget to the central department of Tribhuvan University each year
after the receipt of the budget from the T.U. Central office. The heads of each
department provide the recommendation of the required titles to the library. The
acquisition section completes the ordering process. The librarian from Nepal,
reference books and some bestsellers books. Unless specified all books are purchased
single copy.

Gift

The library receives books, thesis, dissertation, reports, government publication and
electronic materials as gift from individual collection, authors, local institutions,
research centers, embassies and other individuals.

14
Exchange

The library receives books, documents and other reading materials from different
local institutions and international organizations on exchange program.

Depository Library

The library receives documents from different national and international development
research center, Asian productivity organization and IBRD. These organizations have
declared our library as a depository library for their publications.

National ISBN agency

The library as a national ISBN agency for Nepal receives one copy of each
publishers publication as an ISBN copy.

Annually the library procures 5,000 to 7,000 books and other materials by purchase or
as gift.

During the year 2007/2008, the library purchased 2,523 volumes of books and other
reading material from its regular budget while 6302 volumes were received as gift. A
total of 343 books from gift were distributed to various schools, colleges, association
etc. Since 2005 0nwards the library has started to receive dissertations of masters
degree in CD. The library has now more than 1100 volumes of dissertations and other
documents in CD. (TUCL, Annual report 2007/2008, p. 8)

Table -1

Sources of documents

Source No. of books

Purchase 2,523

Gift 6,302

Total 8,825

( Sources TUCL Annual report 2007/2008)

15
 Table 2

Statistics relating to books and other materials on 2007/2008

Reading materials Purchased Gift Total

Books and reports 2,523 1,866

Dissertations/thesis - 51

Photocopy volumes - 7

Audio visual - -

Thesis (CD) 1,133

Gift (CD) and cassettes

UN - 634

Maps - 286

ISBN copies - 2,325

Total volumes 2,523 6,302 8,825

(Source TUCL Annual report 2007/2008)

1.1.2.5 Technical Processing Section

Technical section is responsible for organizing all library materials received in the
library. The acquisition section sends collection of materials acquired from purchased,
gift, exchange processing, card filing, worksheet preparing, data entry etc. After
processing works of all those materials, documents send to different section like
general books in general section, reference section, text books in textbook section,
books on Nepal in Nepal collection and so on providing sequences at the top of the
call number. This sequence locates the users to know in which section the books are
provides without asking to the library staffs. The sequences are as follows:

As=American studies

CS=Close section

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D=Dissertations and theses

JS= Japanese studies

N=Nepal collection

P=Periodical

R=Reference

R=Rare

SC=Singha collection

T=Text books

UN=United nations

In the upper left corner of each catalogue card, a call number is given for the
arrangement of the document on the shelf and this helps the users to know the
location of their desired document. Besides these works, this section also performs
end processing of a documents like: labeling call numbers on the spine of books,
pasting due date slips and book pockets on the back side of the books. After end
processing, documents are organized in the different sections according to their nature
for use. The library has been maintaining a bibliographic database since 1995.
Currently, a LAN system is in use provide access to use database from different
location of the library. More than 47,000 records are now available in the OPAC
system, almost same records are found in the website www.tucl.org.np

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 Table - 3

Records of the processed documents on 2007/008

Collections/section Number of titles Volumes

General section 1,688 2,028

On Nepal 672 986726

Un section (UN) 309 327

Dissertations(D) 70 72

Rare 126 135

CS 585 602

Reference(R) 101 180

Text books(T) 173 189

Add books 643 860

ISBN 81 81

Total 5,548 6,560

During the year 2007/08, a total 6560 volumes of documents representing 5,548 titles
on different subjects were processed and forwarded to the different sections for their
organization and services.

In Technical section the major functions are as follows

Classification

Cataloguing

End Processing

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Classification

In ordinary Classification, the library deal with arrangement of ideas and objects in
systematic order. But in library classification, we are concerned with documents and
the aim is to arrange these in the most helpful permanent order.

For the classification of books, the D D C 22nd edition and library of Congress
subject heading has been used for subject assigning. Before starting classification of
new books the person concerned has to check in master catalogue, and in the
computer database, weather a copy of the same title already exists in the library. If
there is already a copy of the book, the classifier has to check the previous class no.
given for similar books and accession number of the book should be add in shelve list
card. If the book is not already exist in the library the new class no should provide
according to subject of the book.

Cataloguing

A library catalogue is a list of documents in a library Or It is an essential and

important tool in a library. Readers use the catalogue for finding the document on the
shelves. The person who prepares a catalogue is called cataloguer. The processing of
prepare the cataloguing according to help of rules given in a catalogue code AACR1
is used for cataloguing in TUCL.

End Processing

After getting the book in the library technical works like-classification and
cataloguing are done and each books is given call number and the books are kept in
their proper place. And the catalogue card is field in cabinet. Before keeping the book
and filing the cards in cabinet, the chance written information are checked for
correction. As wrong information does not only puzzle the readers but also the staffs.
This process of checking is like proof reading / end processing.

The objectives are

For the clarity and correction of book cards, book pocket, spine label that are the
book.

End processing is done keeping then objectives in mind. These steps depends on the
size of library ( collection and number of staffs) usually following is done for end
processing:

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 Whether the information are correctly copied in catalogue card and also the
call no and name of author are correctly written.

Whether the call no. given in cataloguing and spine label in the book are
correctly matched.

Whether the book card, book pocket, due date slip are pasted correctly in the
book & the info correctly typed.

1.1.2.6 Text Book Sections

The text book section is one of the best and most useful sections of this library. It
contains the textbooks prescribed in the course of study of the various central
departments of master level subjects of Tribhuvan University. This collection also
includes question papers, syllabus, expensive books, and books published in more
than one volume.

The extra copies of the books of the general sections are kept in this section and if the
required books in general section are found to have borrowed by other, then this
section helps the users/ readers by providing the other copies of required books. These
books are available only for read inside the library not for loan. Books are separated
by T symbol and denoted in call number by-

T
330
Sc14 t
During the year 2007/2008 a total no of 16,646 volumes of documents were used in
the text books collection. The table presents the use statistics of textbooks collection.

Table-4

Types of documents and user statistics

S.N. Materials Volumes Percentages
1 Textbooks 11190 67.22%
2 Questions papers 3,974 23.87%
3 Curriculum 590 3.54%
4 American studies 522 3.13%
5 Japanese studies 240 1.60%
6 Project reports 230 1.38%
Total 16,646 100.00%
( Source TUCL Annual report 2007/2008).

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1.1.2.7 American Studies Collection/Section

A collection of American studies was donated to the library on march 9, 1997 by the
American central Kathmandu on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the
establishment of the Nepal-US diplomatic relations. The American central
Kathmandu donated 13 volumes of books on 1100 titles to march 9,1997. This
collection is very useful to the social scientist, students and also who are interested on
American life, culture and literature. The printed form of title and author index and
the bibliographic database for the OPAC is available for retrieval of the records. The
statistics shows that 522 volumes of books from this section. These books are
available only for read inside the libraries not for loan. The books are separated by
AS symbol and denoted in call number by-

AS
150
J237w
1992
1.1.2.8 Japanese Studies Collection/Section

Former Vice-Chancellor of Tribhuvan university Prof. Dr. Gobind Prasad Sharma and
the ambassador of Japan, Tsutomu Hirakoka and jointly inaugurated the Japanese
studies collection at TUCL, on February 23, 2005 admidstal program. The collection
consists of more than 300 volumes of useful and valuable books including documents
of Japanese studies, journals and newspapers etc. Japan University Students
Association of Nepal (JUSAN), Sakai Lion Club and Imamshi Memorials Fellowship
Trust have demoted the collection. The collection is rich academic resources for the
users especially on Japanese studies. JUSAN and Sakai Lions Club will continuously
help to enrich the study.

The call number will be displayed in following way:

JS
294.392
Ab33w
1999

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1.1.2.9 Periodical section

The library receives almost all the journals published from Nepal through subscription
and gift. Several journals published from abroad are also received. Nearly five
hundred current titles and 25,000 back issues of journals are available. The back
issues of national state newspapers Gorkhapatra have been collected since 1968a.d.
And its English version viz. the rising Nepal has also been collected since 1968.
Similarly, back issues of journals published from Nepal in English and Nepali are
managed here separately. There is also a large collection of back issues of journals.
The following services are currently provided from the periodical collection.

The library has separately organized a Nepali journal section. This includes all
journals published from Nepal in all languages like: Nepali, English, Hindi, Maithili,
Newari and so on. There are several Nepali journals, which are not found in any other
libraries in Nepal.

12,486 volumes ranging over 402 titles of Nepalese and foreign journals, 48
newspapers in English, Nepali and Indian were acquired during fiscal year 2007-
2008. The collection contains the following expensive journals:

Biological abstract(1951-)

Earth and planetary science(1997-2001)

Journal of organic chemistry (1956-1974, 1976-77,1984,1986-87,1992-)

Mathematical review (1958-1986, 1992-2001)

Physics abstract (1976-1981, 1987-1998)

Chemical abstract (1918-1981)

Geological abstract (1997-2001

Library is foreign journals as gift from national and international donors since many
years. These journals are very useful for the research scholars. Some institutions and
individuals provided the journals in this year as follows:

22
 Table-5

Volumes and titles of donated journals on 2007/2008

S.N. Donors Name Title of the journals

1. American centre, Kathmandu -Journals of finance (1997-)

2. American marketing association (on -Journals of marketing (2000-)

line journals)
3. Pro. David Boufford Science journal (1971-2006)

4. Min Bahadur Shakya EMBO journals (2005-2007)

5. Scientist of the California institute of -Nature review

technology
6. Dr. Krishna Kumar Shrestha -Dr. Mark f. Watson

7. Gallegher Beth -Systematic biology 2003-

8. Hannah Russell Journal of International Business

Studies (1995-2008)
9. Mrs. Linda Humphreys University International Political Science
ofBath, bath, UK
The periodical section provides regular reference services to students, teachers and
researchers of the central departments of Tribhuvan University as well as other
national and international users. Total number of users served during the year 2007/08
is 21,550.

1.1.2.10 United Nation Collection / Section

Tribhuvan University Central Library serves as the only depository library in Nepal
for the publications of united nationals and its agencies since 1964. The un depository
code number for TUCL is dl-169. Several other international organizations have
declared TUCL as the depository library in Nepal for their publications. Every year
over 350 materials are received 28,000 volumes of documents including books,
periodicals, newsletters, bulletins official records maps, CDROOMs, reports etc. Over
150 titles of journals are received every year. Records of the collection are available
in the TUCL master database. The books in this section are not available for loan but
users can browse documents freely from the open racks. This un section has
developed the following library/tools for consultation and easy retrieval of its
collection

23
Catalogue of United Nations periodicals

Reference sources of UN publications

During the year 2007/2008, a total of 634 books and 191 volumes of periodicals were
added to the collection. Following UN agencies and other international organizations
have been sending publications and reading materials to the library. Those publication
are listed (Appendix No. 2)

Books are separated by UN symbol and denoted in call number

UN
382.6
Y34w
1.1.2.11 Singh Collection

Singh collection is denoted in 1976 by late general Singha Shamshere J.B.R., the son
of Rana prime minister Chandra Shamshere. The collection contains 5000 volumes of
books along with British furniture. Approximately, one third of the collection is on
history. Remaining is on religion, political science, international relations and culture
of Nepal, India, Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim, world history, western classical literature,
light fiction, architecture, gardening, hunting etc.

The collection also contains letters, memories, official papers speeches etc of the
British period of Indian history and its relationship to Nepal. The collection is in close
section. Separate catalogue has been maintained to retrieve the titles of the collection.
The call number of Singh Collection donated by-

SC
914
Y34E
1.1.2.12 Reference section

This section is also one of the valuable and useful sections of this library. It has
collected various important and rare documents. The reference books are useful
resources for acquiring brief and specific information a particular discipline.

TUCL has a separate reference collection sections with open access facility. Multi-
volumes books, high valued books and books having only referral values have been
kept in this section. Fully catalogued, this section contains 25,000+ various forms,
viz. Bibliographies general encyclopedias, subject encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases,
biographies, handbooks, manuals and annual reviews etc. TUCL has best collection of

24
reference books in Nepal. Some of the most important, expensive and rare titles
housed in this section are as follows:

Atlas of the world languages

The chemistry of alkenes and Cycloalkanes

Dictionary of Natural Products

Dictionary of the Organometalic Compounds

Encyclopedia of Associations

Encyclopedia of Human Biology

McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology

Books are separated by R symbol and denoted in call number by R

1.1.2.13 Nepal Collection Section

The Nepal collection is a special collection of the library. It consists of valuable and
unique works on Nepal and is a rich academic resources for scholars pursuing
knowledge of the country. Books on Nepal written by Nepal either Nepalese or
foreign writers and books published in Nepal are collected and preserved PHD.
Theses, masters degree dissertations and village profiles submitted by the students
for the in fulfillment of their studies are deposited here. Besides them, there are works
of Nepali and Newari literature. The library allocated a special amount of budget for
purchasing of books on Nepal. Besides such purchases, the library also receives
personal and institutional donations from which it selects appropriate documents for
preservation in this collection. At present, the Nepal collection contains more than
41,000 volumes. More than 95% of the documents are listed on the on-line public
access (OPAC) system of the library master database TUCL. To retrieve documents
from the collection, the user may consult either the public catalogue of the
computerized database. In the fiscal year 2007/2008 a total of 1840 volumes of
English and Nepali documents were added in this collection. The following table
gives a picture of the documents available in this section with its strength.

25
 Table - 6

Documents used from the Nepal collection

S.N. Materials Volumes Percentage

1. Masters level dissertation/Ph.D. Thesis 33,081 83.26

2. On Nepal 5,473 13.77

3. CS (Nepali +English + Newari) 1,056 2.65

Publications
4. Rare 120 0.30

Total 39,730 100.00

The statistics of the users of the Nepal collection makes it clear that the masters level
dissertations are used more than other documents available in this section. This is the
most used collection in the library. In this year, a total no. Of 39,730 documents
including dissertations on Nepal from the closed section and rare collection were
used.

Table - 7

Volumes and titles added to the Nepal collection in 2007/2008

S.N. Materials Volumes Percentage

1. On Nepal 986 53.58

2. Theses/dissertation 72 3.91

3. CS 602 32.71

4. Rare 180 9.78

Total 1840 100.00

Above statistics shows that theses and dissertation are added less than other
documents in Nepal collection. TUCL is receiving masters degree dissertation and
theses in CD instead of their hard copy since 2006. Books separated by N CS

N CS
N351.1 823.1
PR6123p D159l

26
1.1.2.14 Rare Books, Manuscripts and TU Archival Collections

TUCL is providing services from the rare books and archival collection. The
Tribhuvan University archival collection was established at the request of former VC
Late Dr. T. N. Upreti after TU vice chancellor Mr. Naveen Prakash Jung shah put
forward the proposal on July 6,2002 in the TU. Council. Important documents relating
to the establishment and development of Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan
universitys rules and minutes reports of royal higher education committee, reports on
examinations, council and syndicate meeting, technical committee reports,
convocation speeches are preserved in this collection. Similarly rare books such as
journey to Kathmandu (1852) on Indias frontier or Nepal, the Gorkhas, my serious
land (1896) and rough noted on the state of Nepal; its government, army and
resources (1851) are available. These materials are accessible to the scholars and
general readers on request. TUCL has 550 titles of manuscripts in different language
like: Sanskrit, Devanagari, Pali, Newari, Kiranti, etc. The subject coverage in
Buddhism, Hinduism, Kirati, religious prayers, Ayurved medicine etc. Some of these
are 200 years old. The library is planning to microfilm to digitize manuscripts for the
purpose of preservation as well as for use. The library is planning to microfilm to
digitize manuscripts for the purpose of preservation as well as for use.

Rare Book Collection (RBC) was started in TUCL in late 1990. The objective was to
keep safely of those books which are quite rare, not found plenty and easily and have
gone rare. Such books need more care and many of them are in fragile condition.
They need appropriate treatment. Therefore a separate section was started to
safeguard such collection and provide service from the collection with care.

Rare books are preserved in the archive section and rare journals are maintained, in
the periodical section. Both collections are on close access. Hence the users are
required membership reference card to use the materials of this section. At present
2000 titles of rare books are available in the library. Similarly, 38 titles of rare
journals are preserved in the periodical section. Some of the rare titles of books and
journals are listed in (Appendix No. 3 )

In Rare Collection, the Call Number is Donated by-

Rare
303
R221d

27
1.1.2.15 Information Technology/ Information Literacy Unit

This unit provides information to users from electronic resources available both at
TUCL and from abroad. Internet and e-mail e-databases, CD-ROM, audio-cassettes of
books, theses on CD and audio-visual materials are the main electronic resources
available in the unit. The library is the Country Coordinating Agency of International
Network for the Availability of Scientific Publication (INASP) / Program for
Enhancement of Research Information (PERI). This program provides full text
database of more than 25,000 scientific electronic journals. Now, Nepali scientists and
scholars have access to these journals free of cost. 200 institutions of Nepal have been
registered in the PERI resources. TUCL has begun to develop a database of newly
acquired books and other documents of the library since 1993. Numbers of records
available in the database are given below. Up to now the library has 46,489 records on
different subject on this database.

1.1.2.16 ISBN Section

ISBN stands for international standard book number. The ISBN national agency was
established in Nepal in june1999. But is functioning began from 26th June 2000.
TUCL distributed ISBN numbers to the author/ publishers on its capacity as the
national ISBN agency. 1700 ISBN numbers has been distributed to the books, maps,
CD-ROMs, manuals, guide books and other materials published from Nepal. The
ISBN head quarters in Berlin, Germany had appointed the TUCL as the ISBN
national agency in Nepal to distribute ISBN numbers. The authors published who
publish new books having ISBN numbers printed on them have to deposit a copy of
each of the titles at the TUCL ISBN national agency. This collection comprised
books, maps, CD-ROMs, manuals, guidebooks and other types of materials. An in-
house computer database using CDS/ISIS software has been created for search and
record keeping purpose.

1.1.17 Microfilming Section

Realizing the need and importance of rare books, manuscripts and other easily
unavailable in the library for durable preservation and efficient usage. TUCL applied
and followed regularly up for the Japanese government cultural grants aid 1996.
Microfilming equipment was provides under the Japanese governments cultural grant
to TUCL in 2003. The main objective of this educational books and journals.

28
The library has large collection of special materials like books on Nepal, rare books
and journal collection, master level dissertations, Ph. D thesis and manuscripts etc.
The library has started microfilming of these special library materials on priority
basis. The catalogue of the microfilmed material is prepared and the original
documents are preserved. At present the library is microfilming the rare books and
journals like- Nepal Samacharpatra, Matribhumi, Bharati, dharati, Ajako Samachar
Patra. Similarly rare documents received from Mahesh Chandra Regmis collection
are microfilmed from the library collection.

A narrative of a five year residence at nepal-1852

An account of kingdom of Nepal being the substance of observation that made.
A short history of banking, currency and commerce in Nepal, 1943
History of nepal-1877
Essay the forest on the Kocch, Bodo and Dhimal tribes, 1847.
Confidential report on Nepal 1884.
Ranajiko vanshavali,1992
Regmi research manuscripts.

1.1.2.18 Audio-visual Section

TUCL has maintained a section of audio- visual materials and materials in non-print
formats, viz. Audio and video cassettes, videos, CD-ROMs, microfiche and
microfilms. The library is planning to render service to users by adding more a/v
materials especially the CD-ROMSs database service.

To keep pace with the developments in information technology and its impact on
library services and being mindful of readers growing needs, the TUCL despite
financial constraints, has been trying to introduce some of the info-tech facilities to
provide better service to its clienteles. Keeping it in mind the library is in the process
of developing a digital library of audio-visual materials.
Currently, the library has the following number of a/v materials.
Microfilms rolls-471
Compact disc (CD-ROMs)-3000
Videos-6
Audio Cassettes-777
Microfiche-88

29
1.1.2.19 Administration section

Administration section is the pivot of the library system as a whole, because it has
direct relation with entire section of the library. The administration section of library
is involved in the routine work of the library plus the innovative centers like the
refreshment training to its staffs and organizing different types of activities to boost of
the moral of the staffs.

Personnel

The library is a temple that emits all knowledge but the revelation will only be
achieved through the help of both men and women who operate libraries. The
efficiency, service and the ultimate success of library as an agency for the diffusion of
knowledge depends upon personnel. TUCL is managed by personnel, out of which
eleven are professional librarians of forty semi professional and the rest are of
various supporting levels. Library made continuous efforts to send to participate in
trainings and workshop to improve their professional competence.

1.1.2.20 Circulation Section

Book Circulation if the main service provided by this library to its members , i.e. the
student, teachers, staffs of the Central Department of the University Campus, Kirtipur.
In addition, private and temporary membership is also provided to the readers. Book
circulation includes lending of books from general and collection and offers lending
for use inside the library from the text book section reference section and periodical
section. Detail of the circulation and all procedure are described in Chapter 3 (Focus
of the Study).

1.2 Statement of the problem

Circulation service is provided to maximize the use of the resources available in the
library and make them accessible to the maximum number of the users. Assessment
of these functions of the circulation section of the library is necessary to meet the
objectives of the library. So, the problem of this study is listed as follows.

Although circulation section is heart of any library, there has not been any research
on this. Therefore, To understand about such important aspect of the library this
research was undertaken.

30
There is time differences between the library (TUCL) opening hour and circulation
section opening hour. The library open at 8.00 am., circulation section opened only at
10:30 am ( so the student have been complaining only about the long gap).

The flow of students in the circulation section is very high at some point of time at its
opening hours.

There has also been a problems of overdue books.

There is a system of all the master level student of TU have to get clearance certificate
from TUCL even though TUCL does not have any provision to issue the
books/documents to the students of other campuses of TU.

1.3 Objectives of the study

The objectives of the study are as follows.

A. To find out present status of circulation section of TUCL.

B. To find out the problems faced by PG student outside the Central Campus
Kirtipur.

C. To find out opening time of circulation section suitable for the users in
TUCL.

D. To find out the total number of books issued to readers and number of
books returned in a year.

E. To find out the users opinion about how to decreasing the number overdue
books.

1.4 Scope and limitation of the study

This study was focused on circulation section of TUCL only not overall aspect of
library.

Main focus of study was on lending service provided to users by circulation section in
TUCL.

The study was based on a limited sample of all faculties student of Kirtipur Central
Campus. TUCL is used by teachers, students, staffs and researchers from 39
departments of the University and also by scholars from outside the TU. But all these
different types of users are not included in the sample of the study.

31
1.5 Significance of the study

This study is considered important and essential for the improvement of the TUCL in
general and its circulation service in particular. The outcome of this study is expected
to contribute significantly to the development or improvement of circulation service
of TUCL in the following ways.

a. It will help to know the present status of circulation section of TUCL.

b. It will help to find out the problems facing by PG student outside the central
campus Kirtipur.

c. It will help to find out mostly used library materials by its users.

The study aims to explore the existing condition of circulation section. The main aim
will be to find out users attitude about resources and service of circulation. It helps
the study will be supportive suggestion for improvements of circulation system.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Following terms are mostly used in this study, which are mention in the heading of
the definition of the term.

Library: A collection of books and other materials kept for readings, study and
consultation of a place, building, and rooms set a part for the keeping and use of
collection of books, etc.

Academic Library: An academic library is a library in school, college, university and

all other institute of higher learning. It is a library which is an integral part of an
institution of higher education.

University Library: A library or a groups of libraries established, maintained, and

administered by university to meet the needs of its students and members of the
academic staff.(Librarians glossary of terms used in librarianship and the book crafts
and reference book, 1971,p. 382-671)

Circulation: Refer to the total number of volumes including pamphlets and

periodicals loaned during a given time for using outside the library. The term has been
used more commonly than synonym issue.

Circulation Section: Books/document lending section.

32
Circulation Service: Refers to the activity of a library in lending books to borrowers
and keeping records of the loan.

Borrower: Borrower is a regarded member of the library to whom a library lends

books. It is also called card holder. Borrower is also referred to a person who uses
library materials and one who reads manuscripts for a publisher or library agent who
reports on the possibility or advisability of publishing them.

Lending Service: Books/documents circulation service/book issue and return service.

Loan Service: Refers to large sum of money which is raised by the local authority
and repayable within a specific time for such activities as the erection of libraries,
purchase of furniture etc. It also refer to a book or a number of books given on loan to
an individual, a group of persons, an institution or a library.

Due date: Library materials returning time.

Over Due Charge: It is a general practice in libraries to collect overdue charges for
books returned after due date. The policy of overdue is primarily a measure of control
over proper use of books. The amount of charge and ways of cumulating charges vary
and depend on the individual library policy.

Inter Library Loan: Inter- library loan means a cooperative arrangement among the
libraries by which one library may borrow material from another library. It refers to
loan of library materials provided by one library to another library.

Reservation: Refers to a request for a specific book or other item to get reserved for a
reader as soon as it becomes available on completion of processing or on its return
from the binder or another reader. It also implies the allocation of memory areas or
periodical units to a particular program in a multiprogramming computer.

Renewal: Refers to the extension of the time allowed to the same borrower for
reading a book. It also refers to the re-registration of a reader at the expiry of a period
of library membership.

Library Collection: The total collection of material of all kinds assembled by a

library for its clientele. It is also called library holdings, library resources.

Library materials: Books/documents /Periodicals etc.

Open access: Applied to a library where readers are allowed to browse the shelves.

33
1.7 Organization of the Study
This study has been organized in the format given below.

The first chapter deals with an introduction including background of the

study, statement of the problem, objectives, scopes and limitations,
significance of the study, definition of the terms and this heading itself.
The second chapter deals with the relevant studies of the research.
The third chapter deals with the detail information about the study area.
The fourth chapter deal with the research methodology, research design,
population, sampling procedure, data collection procedure and data analysis
procedure.
The fifth chapter deals with analysis and presentation of study which evaluates
either the set objectives
The sixth chapter deals with summary, conclusion and recommendations.

34
 REFERENCE

Bhandary, Krishna Mani.(2003).TU Special Bulletin, p. 53

Dilli, K. T. (1997). Basics of library and information science. New Delhi: Vikas
publishing House, pp. 13, 16, 17, 18-19,73.
Khanna, J. K. ( 1994). Library and Society. 2nd rev. enlarged ed. New Delhi: ESS
Publication pp. 1, 41.
Krishan Kumar. (1991). Library manual.- 4th rev. ed.- New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House p. 3
Librarians glossary of terms used in librarianship and the book craft and reference
book, (1971). p 382-671.
Pangeni, Bhabeshwor (2068 BS). Five Decades of TUCL. - Kathmandu: TUCL p.
127
TU Central Library Annual Report (2007/2008) p. 43-44

35
 CHAPTER - II

LITERATURE REVIEW

Review of literature includes the studies which have been competently executed and
clearly reported and are closely related to the present problems. It also help to
eliminate the duplication of what has already been done and provides background for
useful suggestion for further investigation. In research of related literature, the
researcher, among others should concentrate upon similar but completely executed
studies, design of the study, sampling methods, population sample variable defined,
extraneous variables controlled, recommendation etc. for further research.

Thus, review of literature is the fundamental basis which provides necessary

information regarding the relevant topic. It is the way of locating, obtaining, reading
and analyzing the past studies that are interlinked with the proposed study in one way
or other. Some related books, thesis, dissertation and project work are reviewed here.

Bhandary (2003) has described in TU central library is an academic library but it

has been functioning as national library and public library too. He has mentioned
about the service of TUCL with complete information of book borrowing service of
TUCL In this bulletin he has also given complete information about the book
transaction or library use statistics in tabulation form.

Bajracharya (2008) has informed in her thesis about the membership criteria, book
loan service, book reservation service, audio-cassettes lending service, and all
activities of circulation section with state the tabulation form. And also has been state
numbers of visitors of circulation counter.

Karki (2008) has informed briefly all activities of TUCL. In her thesis, she has
mentioned about the membership criteria, book loan service, book reservation service,
audio-cassettes lending service and all activities of circulation section with the
tabulation form. And also has been state the numbers of visitors of circulation
counter. This study concludes documents issue process should be made easy in the
circulation section and the library should be able to satisfy the users. The library
makes the users habitual by providing all service etc also indicate that. In the thesis ,it
was mentioned that the opening hour of the library is not sufficient for the users and
most of the users are not satisfied with the document issue process.

36
Karki, (2002 ) This is the first Ph. D. thesis in the field of library and information
science in Nepal. When the researcher began to write thesis, Dissertation etc. in the
context of Nepal , first of all they need to consult this thesis .The thesis includes all
types of libraries in Nepal. All libraries are working isoletely. There is no networking
between the libraries and information centers of some natures, subjects and areas for
economy of information services.

Krishna Kumar (1991) describes the importance of circulation section in chapter 23.
There is also indication of the main jobs / or functions of circulation. Such as
registration the membership, renewal and withdrawal of membership, Reservation of
the books, lost or damaged books, maintenance of the circulation records,
maintenance the statistics, inter library loan, property counter, issue or reminders fro
overdue books, charging of over-dues, issue return and renewal of books and includes
the vigilance at entrance and exit also the function of circulation section.

Mittal (1994) the book describes the circulation work in chapter 16. There is
complete information about the circulation work such as registration of membership,
lending of books, charging of Over-dues, reservation of books, renewal of books,
maintenance of records, maintenance of statistics, lending of books on inter library
loan basis. In this book the specimen of the membership form also given. In charging
procedure, issue of gate pass, and in discharging procedure, cancellation of gate
passes. In this book the over night issue system also mentioned . In overnight issue
system books are issued at the time of closing the library and the readers are asked to
return the books within an hour of the opening of the library on the next day. In this
book the postal loans also informed us. In the postal loans also informed. In the
postal loans systems some readers who reside out of station, if enrolled as members,
may be allowed to borrow books on special terms. These includes the payment of
postal charges to be incurred for sending and receiving the books. The books are
issued for a longer period, say for a month or so. This is the very reasonable and
practical solution to help the outstation members. In this book has indicate the loan of
staff each and every library are provided certain special privileges. These includes,
issue of none books. Exception from the payment of overdue changes and issue of
new book. In this privileges staff members.

This books indicates the loan of staffs also. Each and every library are provided
certain special privileges. In this topics includes, issue of more books, exemption

37
from the payment of overdue charges and issue of new books. In this privileges staff
members should not misuse.

Returning books at another service point is also includes in this book. In England
some library systems allow such practices. The books returned at other branch
libraries through borrowed from the central libraries, are returned on telephone to the
latter ant these are collected by the travelling vans of the central library whenever it
visit the branch libraries during the week.

This book also includes inter availability of Tickets Transfer of books to branch
libraries etc. This books also includes inter library loan methods, such as- Prohibited
books, Rights and duties of co-operating libraries , Duties of the borrowing libraries,
Responsibilities of borrowing libraries, Condition of loans, Agreement of both
libraries form of interlibrary also given in this books etc.

In this chapter includes there are various kinds of Miscellaneous Jobs which are
involved in the circulation section/ Such as- Issue of reminders/Recovery of over-due
books, Replacement/Payment of lost books, Administration of property counter,
Replacement of lost Tokens, Provision of Lockers/carrels . Taking precautions against
mutilation and loss of books, Allowing consultation facilities, issue of clearance
certificate.

In the chapter 17 there are various kinds of forms and procedures are includes.

In chapter 17 library rules and regulations are given. Model of rules are given below.

Name of the library and place.

Working hour /opening.]

Administration of library In summer/Winter

General rules.

Borrowers and their privilege and obligations.

In chapter 18 there has been complete information about the charging and discharging
methods. All systems such as- Day book system, One card system, two card system,
machine methods, Browne issue system, Newark issue system, Open access, Close
access, Ranganathans Readers Ticket, Book Ticket methods / Requisite materials for
all charging materials , advantage and disadvantages of all charging systems.

38
Pangeni (2068 BS). This book describes TUCL is the country's largest library with
international identity which has worked in the creation of intellectual human
resources. It has worked at the level of both national and public library. Since its
establishments, it has gone through various ups and downs, praise and criticism with
various programs developments and the works as a representatives of international
organization. It has always been thought about preserving the above mentioned facts
but no attempts had ever been made till date. This idea was then expressed by the then
librarian of TUCL, Mr. Krishna Mani Bhandary to the writer Dr. Bhabeshor Pangeni
and finally the book "Five Decades of TUCL" was written and published by TUCL.

The book is about the history of TUCL( 2016-2066 BS) from its establishment to
present time, describing different aspects of TUCL. The book is helpful to all those
who requires information about TUCL. No doubt this publicatin is helpful to the
students of library and information sciences and reserchers. Finally we can say this
book is a great asset of TUCL.This books describes the activities of TUCL of last five
decades (from 2016-2066 BS) in the seven chapters.

Chapter 1 describes the establishment and the history of the library. Chapter 2
describes the policy, act, rules and regulations of the library. Chapter 4 describes
about the history of TUCL. Chapter 3 describes the collection of books. Chapter 5
describes the main steps of library strengthening policy. In this chapter mentioned the
developments made in the last two decades of TUCL. It includes automation of Nepal
collections, started working as National agency of ISBN, Microfilming of following
newspapers/documents.

a. Gorkhapatra -1966 May 1- 1980 Dec. 31)

b. The Rising Nepal - (1996-Jan 1-Dec. 31)

c. Ph. D. Thesis on different subjects.

d. Various rare documents etc. Received different equipments of Microfilms,

Microfiche and Binding equipment gifted by Japanese cultural Grants.

Established the Archives, Manuscripts section, Rare collection for security and
preservation of such important documents.

Installed the security gate to reduce the stealing of books.

39
Started the facilities of e-resources, online journals, e-books, e-mail, internet, CD
Services, E-library etc.

Initiation of Programme for Enhancement of Research Information (PERI) run by

International Network for the Availability of Scientific publication (INASP).

Started the distribution of CIP (Cataloguing in Publication) to make a new start on the
occasion of silver jubilee of TU.

Chapter 6 describes the various activities of the TUCL. Chapter 7 includes the
reference materials and also includes the index and appendix etc.

This is the first book published by TUCL describing Central Library. It's essential for
the researcher to consult this book before they begin to write thesis, Dissertation etc.
about TUCL. This books includes all types of information about TUCL's, without the
consultation of this book the research would be incomplete.

Banglore University Library

Banglore University Library came into existence on 1966 with about 35,000 books
and several bound volumes of periodicals of the central college library affiliated to
Mysore University, Mysore.

Today, this University Library is housed in a magnificent star modeled functional

buildings with includes separate reference section stack room and read hall. The
collections are continuous to grow at the rate of exceeding 5000 title annually. Now
this library also subscribes more over 450 periodicals covering more than 45
disciplines . The journals are organized in subject wise.

The categories of the members of the Bangalore University Libraries are Teachers,
Students, research scholars, non teaching staff , members of statuary committee,
retired teachers and former students of this University.

But the research scholar, technical/ assistants institutional All students on roll of
University P.G. Department shall become members of library on payment of annual
fee of Rs 50.00 per annum. Faculty members may enroll themselves as library
members of production of a copy of the appointment orders and two ID card size
latest photographs.

40
The followings categories of membership also distributed in this library. A corporate
membership, Institutional membership should paying annual fees of 5000. If such
member wants to borrow the books they should pay deposit per books Rs. 1000.

Books and other documents borrowed from the library should be returns within the
due date. If not returned within due date. they members and such types of other
member should not paying the over dues charges.

The textbook can be issued overnight ant late fee will be charged Rs 5 per book per
days.

All students shall return books borrowed from the library before commencement of
the examination and get No dues certificate from the library. Refund of the library
deposit should be claimed by the member within one year from the date of complete
of / his/ her membership.

The employees staff or teachers of this University who transferred to other university/
any department should return the books borrowed from the library and get No dues
certificate before they get relieved.

Duplicate membership card/ borrowers ticket shall be issued only on the payment of
Rs.100.00 per card along with justification letter for the loss.

If the members of this library loss of the books and documents which they have
issued , they should have to replace the Same with new books or pay four Times of
the cost of the book. Of the book shall be calculated at the current price and exchange
rates, in case of foreign boos/documents.

All types of users who wants to using internet and E journal borrowing facility
within the library premises shall have to pay Rs 250 annually.

Document delivery service also provide this library at actual cost will be extends to all
the corporate/ Institutional membership.

Inter library loan service, CAS, Bibliographic service, Computerized database search
service etc. , on payment of charge fixed by the University from time to time.

Delhi University Library System

The Delhi University library began in 1922 with a collection of mere 1380 gift books.
At first this University was located on the Old Viceregal Lodge(the present office of
the V.C. Office) The library moved to its present locate in the heart of the campus on

41
December 01, 1958. Present building, originally conceives as the central library of the
University ,has been reduced to central reference library. There are various libraries
are in closed to Delhi University library system.

The Delhi University library is largely funded by the University Grants Commission.

Present holdings of Delhi University Librarys are-

Books- over 14,04,000 volume

Journals- Regular subscription for about 2000 approximately 4000 journals are
available online.

PHD Thesis- Over 13000 collections

M. Phil Dissertation- Over 13000collections

Manuscripts- Near about 700 collections.

Membership: Teachers, Research students and Post- Graduate Masters degree

students are the member of this library. The Membership must be renewed on before
the date of expiry . Library security deposit or any other special deposit with the
University or the University library is refundable on claim within two years of the
date of expiry of the membership of the library.

Condition of Loan: Library Ticket are not transferable. Only textbooks are issued or
for loan. There are different kinds of library units and textbooks loan period also
different.

Reservation of text books in done to ensure equitable use of such books are less in
number but much in demand.

Over dues charges for keeping the text book overtime are 25paisa per day per volume
for the first two days and 50 paisa per day per volume, thereafter. An over-due charge
of no for ordinary books. This overdue charge are collected the conscience Box
methods.

Issue system: One each occasion the book is borrowed a readers ticket is to be given
at the library counter and the identity card/membership card shown. The ticket will be
returned to the member only when the book is returned.

When a readers ticket and membership card are lost together a special deposit of
Rs.50/= will be required from the member, refundable on the expiry of the validity of

42
the lost ticket/card. Duplicate ticket will be issued. Clearance Certificate of library is
required for the student of the library before taking a University examination.
Research student is required to submit a clearance certificate of the library to the
Board of Research studied before the research work is accepted for examination.

Clearance certificate in not issued to nonmember.

There is Open access system in this University library where is the members have
privilege of direct access to the shelves in the attacks. The shelves arrangement are
classified order.

Library Hour:The library functions for nearly twelve hours or more during the
academic session. Library hours are subject to change from time o time and all
changes in timing are duly notified on the notice board.

The libraries open round the year except on Republic Day, Holi, Independence day
and Gandhi Jayanti.

Madras University Library

Madras University Library was established in 1907 in the public library. The existing
library building, built in Indo-British style was opened in 1936. Membership and
eligibility issuing books are as follows_

Category Deposit Eligibility (Books)

Faculty ---- 10
Research Associate ----- 05
Research Scholars Rs. 250 05
M. Phil. Rs. 250 03
Post Graduate Rs. 250 03
Certificate Course Rs. 250 02
Affiliated College Rs. 2000 10
Institutional Membership Rs. 2000+Rs. 200 per ticket ( per year) up to tickets.
Industrial Membership Rs. 5000+ Rs. 1000 per ticket(per year) up to 5 tickets.
No time separated for issue and return of books.

Renewal

Books may be renewed for a further period of 28 days provided the books are not
under reservation. Locally placed people can be renewed from issue counter and

43
distantly place users may renewed with telephone or post-card. If another reader have
to reservation that book are not renewed, they should returned the due date.

Reminder also sent this library after due date.

Over Due Charge

Over Due Charge Rs. 0.50 Paisa per day/per volume for 28 days from the due- date.
And Rs. 1 per day/ per volume for 29th days on wards.

If a borrowers has lost a book, a new copy or a latest edition may be replace the lost
book(s)with reasons for the loss. If borrowers not able to return the new editions
book he/she has to pay prevailing cost of book(s) plus 25%of the cost as library
service charge with the overdue charge if any.

If the membership card is lost they have to check the time of expiring the ticket. If,
three months time shall elapse a duplicate card can be issued. For duplicate ticket
they should pay Rs. 5/= for each duplicate ticket.
No dues certificate also distributed this library.
Inter library loan service also provided this library.

Library of Congress

The library of Congress was established by an act of congress in 1800. The library of
Congress occupies three buildings on Capital Hill. The Thomas Jefferson Buildings
(1897) is the original separate library of Congress building..the Thomas Jefferson who
was the retired president of US, was contributed to established this library, When the
library was started Thomas Jefferson offered appropriating $23.950 for Rs. 6,487
Books, and the foundation was laid for a great national library.

Collection

The collection more than 144 Millions items includes more than 33 million
catalogued books and other print materials in 460 languages. Library of Congress is
the largest library of the world, with millions of books, photographs, maps and
manuscripts in its collection.

The mission of library is to support the congress in fulfilling its constitutional duties
and to further the progress and make available library collections within their three
buildings on Capital Hill and over the Internet.

44
Another mission of this library is to services to develop qualitatively the librarys
universal collections, which document the history and further the creativity of the
American people. The collections contribute to the advancement of civilization and
knowledge throughout the world and to acquire, organize, provide access , to maintain
secure and preserve these collections

The loan period is 60 days for all libraries, US and Non-US. A reminder notice is sent
after 45 days asking that materials be returned soon. If, they have not return after 50
days. the borrowing privilege will suspension.
The Inter library loan policy also activated in Library of Congress.

Inter library loans may not, ordinarily be renewed Books are issued only Text book
section. Returning books are only discharged in the Library of Congress online
circulation system.

45
 REFERENCE

Bhandary, Krishna Mani.(2003). TU special Bulletin Kirtipur. TU p. 53-54.

Bajracharya, Dibya.(2004). A case study of overdue date problem in the circulation

system of Padma Kayna Campus Library. Kathmandu: Department of Library and
Information Science p. 12-15.

Karki, Kalpana.(2008). A study of Nepal Collection of Tribhuvan University central

library. Kathmandu: Department of Library and Information Science. p.17-19.

Karki, Madhusudan.(2002). The study of emergence and development of Libraries,

Information Centers and Information Professionalism in Nepal: Appraisal. A
Thesis. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University.

Krishan Kumar.(1991). Library manual.- 4th rev. ed. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House p.170-199.

Mittal, R. L. (1984). Library Administration: theory and practice.- 5th ed. New Delhi:
Metropolitan Book p. 453-583.

Pangeni, Bhabeshwor (2068 BS). Five Decades of TUCL. - Kathmandu: TUCL.

Web Reference

Retrieved from www. library.bub.ernet.in/ Banglore University Library (date: July

09 2011)

Retrieved from crl.du.ac.in/ Delhi University Library (date: July 09 2011)

Retrieved from www.unom.ac.in/unomdynam_old/uploads/library/mul/mul.html

Madrash University Library system (searching date: 11 July, 2011)

Retrieved from www.loc.gov/ Library of Congress (date: 11 July, 2011)

46
 CHAPTER III

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

3. Focus of the study

3.1 Circulation Section

Library is a place where books and other reading materials are kept for use. But the
structure and functions of library have changed since the emergence of its concept and
the establishment of the first library in Nepal and elsewhere. There are different types
of library providing different service to the users. Lending and circulation is one of
the important and most used services of the library today.

It has stated that in library, books and other reading materials are collected for use,
kept for use and served for use. The circulation section is in complete charge of the
mechanics of the use of books by the readers outside the library. It is the performance
and attitude of the circulation section that largely makers or mars the reputation of the
library.

In addition, to playing the role of essentials, the circulation section has to maintain all
the records related to each one of library users, deal with membership and withdrawal,
take change of volumes and resources available, keep all the records related to loan of
books, remind members about overdue books and so on.

It is said that the main task of circulation service is making the collection of
documents available to users at their own convenient time and place; it will indeed, be
an eye sore for a librarian to fine a books idling on the self without a users. (Panwar
and Vyas, 1986 ). The circulation service is essential because the students and others
are busy in their classes and other works, so the question arises as to how the library
resources can be utilized properly. Are the books to be preserved? Should these be
allowed to be read out of the promises. It would be physically not possible to provide
enough space for accommodating thousands of readers who will have to come to
library if they cannot take home the books for reading purpose. In order to solve this
problem the issuing of books for home reading has been inevitable. The circulation
function in libraries involves easy use of library materials.

Speaking on the need of well managed lay out of the lending library collision says it
should not be confusing the reader. It is confusing if it has many island or above
stacks. (Collision)
47
But for the effective use of the circulation service certain rules and regulation must be
follow. ( Mittal, 1993, 495-506)

One of these rules is period for borrowing books. Everyone wants to keep the books
for longer period but other users may too want using the same books at the same time.
So, the question of fixing borrowing time arises. In this connection the main
objectives of library should be to maximize the benefits derived by users and also to
maximize the proportion of users who obtain access to the books they require. Both of
these measures required. Some kind of survey of users. (Line, 1989)

Garg, K.C. Says that the library system is made of several sub-systems. The need for
the circulation sub-system arises because; certain readers do not want to use document
in library only. library premises. They want to use it at their own convenience. The
organization and functions of a circulation sub-system may however depend upon the
nature and size of the library. (Gary, 1988)

The central library (T.U.), the focus of this study is a multipurpose library. It serves
the teaching and research aids of the university, provides documentation and
information services, and serves as a display center for materials of educational and
cultural nature.

There is several sections in TUCL. One of these is a circulation section. Circulation

section is a very important and essential section of the library.

Circulation counter is near to the entrance. This is the heart of the library because
through it the user can get various kinds of information about the library services and
activities also. And user also can inquire about their needs. In circulation counter
there are three staffs. They provide information and materials which is required by the
users.

For the convenience of users, TUCL follows an open access system in all collection
except for books kept in the special sections. The open access system allows all
visitors to go to the books stacks themselves and consult desired books. Library loan
service is offered to the library members only. Thus, there are various kinds of
services provided from circulation section in TUCL. Such as

Circulation Service

Membership Service

48
Loan Service

Book (Issue and Return) Service

Audio-cassettes Service

Book Reservation Service

Overdue Fees

Clearance Certificate

Reminder letter for due books return to previous users.

3.2 Book Circulation Service

Book circulation is the main service provides by this library its members i.e. The
students, teachers, and research, scholars of the central campus of Kritipur. In
addition, private and temporary membership is also provides to the readers. Books
circulation includes both the lending of books and services offered by the text book
section, reference section, Nepal collection section and periodical section. The
activities of the circulation section during the year 2007/08.

S.N. Details In numbers

1. Book issued 35,650

2. Book returned 33,845

3. New membership 3,461

4. Clearance provided 5441

Source: TUCL Annual report 2007/2008

Visitors
Female 14,649
Male 37855
Teachers 1152
Total 53,656

Source: TUCL Annual report 2007/2008

49
3.3 Membership

TUCL provide membership to teachers, students, administrative staff, under TU

central offices and central department of Kiritpur and permanent teachers of all other
TU campus in Kathmandu valley are eligible to be members of the library. In addition
to all persons with intellectual interests including foreigners on recommendations of
their employing organizations in Nepal. In the year 2007/2008, 4300 persons have
been granted membership of the library. (Membership form and card as ( Appendix
No. 4 )

3.4 Loan Service

All books available in general collection are available for loan. Other collection like,
periodical, Nepal collection, text book collection, UN collection and reference
collection are not available for loan. These documents are for use within the library.

3.5 Books

Book loan service is provided from the general section. Books borrowing service is
available to the following categories of users.

Teachers of University Campus 7 cards 90 days.

Students of University Campus 2 cards 3 weeks.

Staff of Central Office 2 cards 3 weeks.

Private Members 2 cards 3 weeks.

Research Scholars of TU 4 cards 90 days.

A total no. of 35,650 volumes of books were checked out and 33,845 volumes of
books were returned in the year 2007/2008.

3.6 Audio Cassettes

In 1999, social welfare council Nepal provided NRS Rs. 40,000/= ( Forty Thousands
only) to establish and to development the audio collection since there are not master
level materials, in the Braille script to serve its visually impaired students/ users
overing the subject Nepali and political science. 900 audio cassettes are preserved.
About 170 cassettes were issued and returned.

50
3.7 Books Reservation

The books which are on high demand or not currently found on the shelves can be
reserved. Reserved books are issued only for 7 days. The library does its best to get
reserved books returned within the due date in order to make them available to other
members. But this facility sometime creates problems because the highly demanded
books are not returned on this due date. A total on of 100 books were reserved in the
year 2007/08.

3.8 Due Date Fees

Overdue charge of Rs. 1/= (Rs. one) is raised for a day for each book not returned in
due date. But there were as many as 73 books issued to the students and 12 Issued to
teacher that were not returned the year-2007/08.

The local daily newspapers named Kantipur published the names of well known
professors, planners, parliamentarians and ministers who have not yet returned the
due books.

3.9 Clearance Certificate

The membership card and the readers tickets are property of library. The membership
card and readers ticket are to be returned to obtain a clearance certificates.

For the protection of the assets of TUCL (books, documents), issuing of due clearance
certificate from TUCL has been made mandatory for all the members of TUCL,
including both regular and private members from TU Kirtipur Campus and other TU
affiliated colleges. This due clearance certificate is required to get the transcript after
completing master degree, M. Phil and Ph. D. for the students. and to utilize the post
service facilities provided by TU for the teachers and staffs. This provision enables in
effective running of TUCL.

3.10 Reminder letter for the due book return to previous users

Circulation section is the central part or activities in the library . The main function of
the circulation section in to facilitate the use of library materials for their users. This
section is essential because library exists to get the books used by readers., so it is the
only section of the library where the staff come in contact with readers. The
circulation section is in complete charge of the mechanics of the use of books by the
readers can escape coming into relation with circulation section. Therefore, it is the

51
performance an attitude of the circulation section that makes the reputation of a
library. ALA Glossary defines circulation as the activity of a library in lending books
to borrowers and keeping the records of the library. ( Shrestha, 2000, p. 2)

3.11 Function of Circulation

Types of activities performed by circulation section are as follows.

To maintain all record relating to the users of the library.

To admit users as members and deals with the withdrawal of membership.

To remind the members about due books.

To collect the dues from the members.

To take charge of the volume returned after consultation by users.

To manage the entire word of interlibrary loan.

Circulation refers to the activity of a library in lending books to borrowers and

keeping records of the loans. In other words, that part of library service which is
concerned with the circulation of books and other reading materials is known as
circulation section or the lending section. This is the most popular section of library.

The terms Circulation also reforms to the total numbers of volumes including
pamphlets and periodicals, loaned during a given period of time for use outside the
library. According to American the term circulation work indicates the work of the
department issuing books for have reading.

The jobs should be done a daily basis. So, the job of circulation section differs from
that of the other section. The distinctive work of circulation section is to be planned
with reference to the users of the resources of the library. Mainly the circulation
section involves the following jobs or functions.

1. Vigilance at entrance and exit

2. Registration of member ( renewal and withdrawal of membership).

3. Lending of books (issue or return and renewal of books )

4. Renewal of Books

5. Charging of overdue ( charging and discharging works)

6. Reservation of books

52
7. Renewal of books

8. Maintenance of records

9. Maintenance of statistics

10. Lending of books on inter-library loan

11. Issue of remainders for overdue books

12. Work relation to books lost or damages by users

13. Property counter

14. Miscellaneous jobs

3.11.1 Vigilance Entrance and Exit

The staff of the circulation section has to be maintain vigilance at entrance and exit of
the library. Their approach should be humane. They should be courteous strict and
friendly but not off onside. The work of vigilance becomes difficult in an open access
any library.

3.11.2 Registration of members ( renewal and withdrawal of membership)

If a person wants to Enroll himself as a member, he will be given an application

from to fill up. After completing the formalities, he will be registered as a member
once the period of membership expires, his membership would be renewal. If a user
wants to withdraw his membership, then circulation section would take necessary
steps in this regard.

3.11.3 Lending of books (issue and return / charging and discharging work)

In case a user wants to borrow a book, this will involve charging work relating to
return of books is referred to as discharging work.

The circulation of books takes Place at the counter, where books move in and out of
the library, Hence the counter is the heart of the library. Majority of the users come
taking books home. Different categories of user are entitled to get varying number of
books for a given period of time. These books can be re-issued for another loan period
on presentation of the books at the counter. If they are not demand , it is known as
"extension of books." (Renewal of books).

53
The team charging is the record of loan, giving particulars of the book lend and the
reader's name and address. In other words charging us to issue a book and to record
the loan of the book ( Mittal, 1997, p. 453-585).

In olden days the libraries were consider as store house and only a few privileged
people were issued books. Thanks to the invention of printing press and the resulting
increase in publication books resulted in the reduction in prices of the books. This
enabled the libraries to issue books to the users.

In charging procedure when the books issue the gate pass also inserts in the books
and the junior library staff at the check counter verifies the gate pass with these of the
issued book and allows the reader to take the book home.

Initially the books were issued by mentioning the bibliographical details of the book
and the details of the reader to whom the book had been issued in a ledger. The
number of libraries, books and readers increased in due course. As a result, the older
charging systems like Day book system and ledger system were replaced by card
system.

There are different types of charging systems in use . They are as in (Appendix No.
5)

Among them the following are the important charging systems which are currently in
use:-

Newark Charging System.

Browne Charging System.

Ranganathans Charging System( Ranganathans Readers ticket, book ticket methods)

3.11.3 a Newark Charging System

This method of recording book loans is widely used in America. It was introduced in
the United States in 1990. In this system each user is issued a borrowers card
mentioning the details of registration number, name, address, etc. To get a book
issued, the user has to present the book along with the borrowers card. The circulation
staffs withdraw the book card from the book pocket and notes down the registration
number on it and puts the stamp of the due date on the borrowers card. The
borrowers card along with the book is returned to the user.

54
To return the book , the user presents the book and the borrowers card at the
discharging counter. The counter assistant will search for the relevant book card from
the charging tray and replace it in the book pocket. The date of return would be
stamped(cancelation) on the book card date slip and the borrowers card.

3.11 b Browne Charging System

The Browne Charging System was started by Nine E. Browne. It is a single-entry

methods of recording book Loans. It is a single method of recording book loans. It
uses a pocket bearing the borrowers name to hold the book card. This system is little
used in Western countries but it is very popular in Indian libraries.

In this system each reader is given borrowers cards bearing pockets to hold the book
cards of the books issued out. The cards bear the details of the user, registration
number, name and address of the user. The book card bears the call number, author
and title.

When a user wants to get a book issued he/she presents the book along with the
borrowers card. The counter assistant removes. The book card from the book and
inserts it in the borrowers card. The he/she stamps the due-date on the date slip, and
return the borrowers ticket to the reader.

3.11 c Ranganathans Charging system

Ranganathans charging system is just the reverse of Browne charging system. In this
system, the book card is removed from the book pocket and the borrowers ticket is
slipped in the book card. After stamping the due-date on the date slip, the book is
returned to the reader.

The main difference between Ranganathans and Browne Charging system is that I
the former system the book card holds the borrowers card, whereas in the latter the
borrowers card holds the book card.

Thus, we know, various charging system and now in TUCL applying to mixing up the
both charging system Newark charging system and Browne charging system. (the
example of membership card is given the (Appendix No. 5)

TUCL just starts the barcode system in circulation section for book charging for
book issue and return but there were various problems such as : In the load shading
time there is no power backup system , Only near about 50,000 (fifty thousand books

55
are in-closed in data base management in this situation there is problem in circulation,
Lack of train human resource in circulation section is another problem. TUCL started
KOHA database from 2010 , This software is starting first time in TUCL no another
libraries of Nepal working with this software so in starting phase there is various
problem, this problems are faced in this library.

TUCL starting the electronic membership card but this is also not run smoothly. Now
it is breakdown.

3.11 4 Renewal of Books

Renewal of loan (book) would from part of discharging work.

Some books are required by reader time after again, because they may require it
constantly or that the books being long- time, may require more time for studying
them thoroughly. The books are to be put to maximum use constantly as is enjoy it
upon by the first law & third laws of library science. For renewal book should be
physically preserving to the circulation counter.

3.11.5 Charging of over-dues

If the book returned is overdue, then the user would be asked to drop the overdue
charges in the conscience box. The charge should be just a token amount, because it
can neither become a source of revenue nor it should be consider as such. It should e
collect from the account section in the library because account section should be
given a Receipt. The account section is needed in the library. The due date slip and
book card are given in the (Appendix No. 6 )

3.11.6 Issue of Reminders

Depending upon the policy of the library, reminders may be sent to overdue book.
This is the job of circulation section.

3.11.7 Reservation of Books

In case, user services a book which is on loan, the same would not be re-issued to the
person who got it issued in the first instance, when a user who had reserved the books
calls for reserved books, then after satisfying about the identity of the person, he/she
would be issued the book. Reservation form is given in the (Appendix No. 7 )

56
3.11.8 Maintenance of Records

The circulation section would be expected to maintain records for membership, loan
of books, over-dues, money charged from lost books and damaged books, over-dues,
money charged for lost books and damaged books, gate register (contains names.
address, status, remarks and signatures of the users visiting the library and tickets lost.

3.11.9 Maintenance of Statistics

The maintenance of statistics is the utmost importance because without these reliable
records cannot be prepared. And an Annual report presented without these statistics
will be incompletes. At the end of the day, total up the statistics for number of
members registered/renewed/withdrawn: number of books issued subjects wise
number of books reserved; number of person who visited the library. The kind of
statistics to be collected would depends upon the policy of the library.

3.11.10 Inter-library Loan

Inter library loan means a co-operative arrangement among libraries by which are
library may borrow material from another library. It reforms to a loan of library
material provided by the library to another library.

Inter-library loan also responsibility of circulation section.

A member of a library who wants to get a book from another library on inter library
loan has to apply on a application to its own library. The library process all kinds of
formalities and taking the requested documents from another library and to give that
documents to the users. When the reader return the document/book and the library
deposit that book. the following forms may be used for inter-library loan purposes:
( Appendix No. 8, 9 )

3.11.11 Issue of Reminders for Over-dues books

Depending upon the policy of the library , reminders may be sent for over- dues
books.

3.11.12 Lost or Damaged Books

Occasionally a user may loss or damage a volume . In the former case, he/she would
be requested to replace the copy. In the latter case the book would be got repaired and
the user would be asked to pay the charges.

57
3.11.13 Property Counter

In case users are no allowed to bring personal belongings, then these can be kept at
the property counter. Staff members may give a token for safe keeping of belongings

3.11.14 Miscellaneous jobs

Some time, Circulation section is allocated additional functions such as shelving of

books, Reference services etc., very often combining of certain functions may take
place due to lake of staff or small size of operations.

Issue of reminder/recovery of overdue books.

Adopting new system of circulation system.

58
 REFERENCE

Garg, Kailash Chandra. (1985). Circulation sub system for operation.- New Delhi
:Herald Library Science

Line, Maurice.(1989). Academic Library Management .- London: The Library

Association

Mittal, R. L. (1984). Library Administration: theory and practice.- 5th rev. ed.- New
Delhi: Metropolitan Book pp. 453-583,495-506, 556-558.

Shrestha, Sanju. (2000). An Evaluation of the Circulation Service at the Central

Library of Tribhuvan University. A project work pp. 2,9.

59
 CHAPTER - IV

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research is the process of a systematic and detail investigation or search of any

particular subject with aim of discovering, collection, compilation, presentation and
interpretation of relevant data. The term research is also used to describe a collection
of information about a specific topic too. (Wolf, & Pant, 2005, p. 4-6 ).

The present study is concerned with the service of TUCL circulation section. The
study is descriptive and analytic in nature.

4.1 Research design

It is the plan and strategy of investigation conceived for the collection and analysis of
data. It also helps to guide the researcher in proper direction in order to meet the
objectives of the study. The design may be a specific presentation of the various steps
in research process. Hence, a combination of different methods is being used to
collect the relevant facts, figure and data. Mainly questionnaire, survey, interview,
observation, and document study tools were used.

Questionnaire

A questionnaire consisting of many different structured as well as open ended items

was used for gathering primary information from users . A copy of the questionnaire
for the study used is given in the (Appendix No. 10).

Survey

The present status and physical facilities of this library was observed by field survey.

Interview

Structured interview was held with key persons of the circulation service so as to get
information about the problems and issues of this section.

Observation-on-the spot

The researcher visited the circulation counter off and on to get the first hand
information about the working of the circulation section of TUCL.

Document study

Relevant record, reports and studies carried on circulation services were consulted.

60
4.2 Sources of data

The data for this study was collected by different sources, including primary as well
as secondary sources. The primary data were collected though field survey using the
questionnaire. Dissertation, Theses, Articles, Books, prospects, office records,
bulletins, brochures etc. were sources of secondary data.

4.3 Population

The study is concerned with the collection, and users satisfaction of circulation of
TUCL. The population sample of the study consisted of Post Graduate ( Master level
student of University Campus, Kirtipur. The study is concerned on total library users
with stratified sampling. The library staffs of TUCL circulation section has also
included for the purpose of data collection.

A total of 100 sets of questionnaires were distributed to the sampled students. And 60
questionnaire were distributed to students outside University Campus, Kirtipur. The
questionnaire was distributed to the students when they were visiting the TUCL and
`each student was asked to return the questionnaire upon completion to researcher or
to leave at circulation section of TUCL.

4.4 Sampling procedure

The stratified sampling technique was adopted for this study. As already mentioned,
population were selected from the users of circulation section. One hundred
questionnaires had been distributed to students of TU Central Campus, Kirtipur and
60 questionnaires distributed to outside students of TU Central campus. All
distributed questionnaires were returned, but some questions were not answered by
them. The questionnaire had been distributed from 12:00 to 3:00 PM during 25th
December 2010 to 7th January 2011.

61
4.5 Data collection procedure

The questionnaires was constructed upon consultation and approval of the guide
assigned by the Department of the Library and Information Science, Faculty of
Humanities and Social Science, T. U. Kirtipur. The researcher had visited the TUCL
staff of circulation section.

The questionnaires were given hand-to hand to users. Users filled up questions
without any restriction and hesitation. Some questions are not answered by them.

4.6 Data Analysis Procedure

The data analysis is base on the 100 questionnaire, which was returned by the users.
The data in the form of questionnaire have been collected, edited, tabulated and
analyzed using some statistical tools. Results are presented in percentage.

All those collected data were checked to remove the possible errors that presented the
summary of answer from respondents. Primary data were taken from users and
processed data were interpreted in the form of tabulation. The result of analysis could
be found in tables and figures making references relevant to the research relations,
studies and drawing conclusion about them.

The set of questionnaire was intended to draw out the following data and it was
divided in to the following parts.

Part A: Personal information/data

In this part, information regarding the full name of users, faculty, academic
qualification and gender also included. This part is designed to obtain personal data of
respondents.

Part B: Library Use

Question designed in this part were intended to obtain the information regarding the
member of the library, the purpose of visit by users, Frequency of visit TUCL,
Opinion of about TUCL, awareness about circulation section, Present opening hour
of TUCL, etc were included.

62
Part C. Information Sources

This part is designed to elicit information regarding source of information that is used
for finding the information / required documents.

Part D. Information Service

In this part, information about various section of TUCL, users are satisfied or not, and
about book loan system, due date and over-due charge etc. Which are related in
circulation section.

63
 REFERENCE

Wolf, Haward K. & Pant, Prem Raj (2005) . Social science research and thesis
writing. 4th ed.- Kathmandu; Buddha Academy p. 4-6.

64
 CHAPTER V

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

The circulation section service has gone a long way in providing quality service and
facilitating to users quickly and easily with the development of IT and ICT.
Circulation service is provided to university campus students, teachers, M. Phil
students, Ph. D. Scholars of central campus Kirtipur Campus staffs and T.U. Central
office staffs and researcher's of the four research centers has been taken for the study.
Data have been collected from university campus from various departments.

The data has been collected on the basis the questionnaire (Appendix no. 1)
distributed to the students and teachers.

A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed for the study. The questionnaire was
prepared on the criteria discussed above to fulfill the objectives of the study. The data
analysis and presentation is based on the response received from the users of TUCL.
Besides this, the literature written on respective circulation section and personal
interviews have been used in this study.

According to the questionnaire, the data are analyzed from details of the circulation
service. In the introductory part of the questionnaire, the respondents have been
asked about personal information, institutional information and library resources. The
personal information section has been kept optional. Other three parts of the
questionnaire are to obtain the information about the library. This information has
been used to formulate the related chapter.

Presentation of the data

In this chapter the results of the study are presented in tables, bar diagram and pie-
charts wherever appropriate. Those tables are analyzed and presented systematically.

Collection details

Questionnaires were distributed to find out the collection status of the libraries. Total
100 questionnaires were distributed to 100 users. All the questionnaires were
returned.

The following are the analysis and presentations based upon the questionnaires.

65
5.1 Pattern of Membership

Table No. 8 pattern of membership

S.N. Categories Percentage

1 TUCL Members 79%

2 Non-members 21%

Total 100%

Figure No. 1 Pattern of membership

The above table shows that 79% respondents are the member of TUCL and 21% are
non member of TUCL. It shows that the library visit in various numbers of users in
TUCL.

The above Figure also shows that 21% of the visitors are using this library without
their membership. They need not be compulsory to take membership for study within
library. 79% members are taking all kinds of facilities in TUCL.

66
5.2 Category of users

Table No. 9 users status

S. N. Categories of Users Percentage

1 Students 74%

2 Teacher 2%

3 Researcher 10%

4 Visitors 14%

Total 100%

Figure No. 2 Category of users

14%

10%
Students
Teacher
2%
Researcher
Visitors

74%

The above table shows that 74% are students, 10% researchers, 14% visitors, and
2% are teachers. Only 10% researchers are using the library. The teachers of TU
are using this library rarely only 2% teacher out of 100 is using the library.

The above Figure also shows that 74% students using this library for their
required materials. It also shows that most of the teachers of TU uses library seldom
and most of the users are student in this library.

67
5.3 Purpose of visit of the library

Table No . 10 visiting purpose

S. N. Visit purpose Percentage

1. Reading 24%

2. Collect materials for research 25%

3. Consult 23%
journals/newspapers/reference

4. Consult text book 38%

Total 100%

Figure No. 3 visiting purpose

The above table shows that most of the students consult the text books. 38% users
use the text book and 24% for reading the various materials on syllabus. 23% users
consult journals, newspapers and reference materials.

The above Figure also shows that only 24% users are consulted journals,
newspaper, reference materials, while 25% use their research materials. 38% users use
the text book for their study.

68
5.4 Opinion about TUCL on usefulness

Table No. 11 opinion about TUCL

S. Opinions Percentage
No.

1 Useful 37%

2 Very Useful 58%

3 Not respondent 15%

Total 100%

Figure No. 4 opinion about TUCL

15%

37%

Useful
Very Useful
Not respondent

58%

The above table shows that the 58% of users give their opinion about TUCL is very
useful and 15% are not respondent. The materials of the TUCL various and their use
is not being properly of. 37% of users give their view their opinion about TUCL is
little bit useful.

The above Figure also shows that 37% users feel that this library is useful for them
.15% of users are not respondents this questions.

69
5.5 Frequency of library Visits

Table No. 12 library visit

S.N. Library Visits Percentage

1 Daily 29%

2 Once a week 44%

3 Once a month 10%

4 Once a year 2%

5 Not respondent 15%

Total 100%

Figure No. 5 library visit

50% 44%
45%
40%
35% 29%
30%
25%
20% 15%
15% 10%
10%
2%
5%
0%
Daily Once a week Once a month Once a year Not
respondent

The above table shows the 29% visitors come to study every day at TUCL. The ratio
is high in this case but 2% visitors visited only once a year. 15 visitors are not
respondent this questions.

The above Figure also shows that 44% visitors visit this library once a week. 10%
visitors visit this library once a month. 2% of visitors are visits this library once a
year. This table and figure shows that most of the users visit this library once a week.

70
5.6 Appropriateness opening hours of TUCL

Table No. 13 opening hours of TUCL

S.N. Opening hours Percentage

1 Appropriate 76%

2 Inappropriate 13%

3 Not respondent 11%

Total 100%

Figure No. 6 opening hours of TUCL

The above table shows the preference of library time. The opening hours are disliked
by 13% users simultaneously 11% of the users are not respondent in this questions.
76% users are satisfied with the opening hour currently.

The above Figures also shows that 76% users like the current opening time of
TUCL i.e. 8 am to 6 pm but not 10.30 to 4.30 using time and 13% are not satisfied
with the opening time of the library.

71
5.7 Servicing time of circulation section

Table No. 14 Service time of circulation section

S.N. Desired service time Percentage

1 Before 10:30 AM too 15%

2 After 4:30 PM too 15%

3 Both time 34%

4 10:30 AM - 4:30 PM is enough 36%

Total 100%

Figure No. 7 Service time of circulation section

The above table show that only 36% of visitors said the current time for book loan
period is enough. Majority of students i. e. 64% wants books to be used before 10.30
and after 4.30. Out of 64% fifteen percent (15% ) of users said that Before 10:30 A.
M. as well After 4:30 P.M. is suitable time for Loan period of books. They wants
whole of library opening time is necessary for circulation service or for book loan
services.

The above Figure also shows that Before 10:30 A.M. or After 4:30 P.M. in both
time preferred for loan of books from this library. They are not like rigid on the
time for book issue. 36% of users said this time is sufficient for them.

72
5.8 Use of different section in TUCL

Table No. 15 use of different section in TUCL

S. N. Section Percentage
1 Circulation 14%
2 Textbook 42%
3 IT 7%
4 Periodical 3%
5 Nepal Collection 7%
6 UN 4%
7 Reference 23%
Total 100%

Figure No. 8 use of different section in TUCL

50% 42%

40%
23%
30%
14%
20%
7% 4%
7% 3%
10%
0%
ce
UN
IT
k

n
al
n

oo

n
tio
io

dic

re
b
at

lec
xt

r io

fe
ul

Te

Re
ol
rc

Pe

C
Ci

al
p
Ne

The above table shows that out of only 14% users are uses circulation section. This
data shows the visitors of TUCL are not member of its in large number. The above
table shows that 42% of the users using the text book sections. 23% of the users using
the reference section where are only reference materials .Only 7% users are using the
Nepal collection section. 4% of the users using the UN section . Periodical users are
lesser in number and textbook section is the most using section of TUCL.

The above Figure also shows that the reference materials are 2nd priority for the
users of TUCL. The thesis working students are visiting library heavily and they
search various materials for reference purposes.

73
5.9 Problem in searching the library materials

Table No. 16 problem in searching the library materials

S. N. Users view Percentage

1 Problems 68%
2 Not Problems 24%
3 Non response 8%
Total 100%

Figure No. 9 problem in searching the library materials

8%

24%

Problems
Not Problems
Not respondent

68%

The above table shows that the searching of library material is highly problem at
TUCL. Technology is not followed strictly and users go here to there for materials
inside the library. 68% users felt the system to search the materials is all problem.
Only 24% users feel easy to search the materials. 8% users are not respondent this
questions.

The above Figures also shows that nearly two third of visitors are not satisfied with
existing searching system of TUCL. They told it is difficult to search for needed
library materials.

74
5.10 Opinion about TUCL collection

Table No. 17 Opinion about TUCL collection in their related subjects

S.N. Opinion about collection Percentage

1 Sufficient 27%
2 Insufficient 60%
3 Not available 13%
Total 100%

The above table shows that 60 % users are not satisfied in collection of library. 27%
respondents expressed there is sufficient materials they need. 13% respondents does
not found their relevant document.

Figure No. 10 Opinion about TUCL collection in their related subjects

13%
27%

Sufficient
Insufficient
Not available

60%

The above Figure also shows that only 27% users express their view there is
sufficient materials in TUCL. But 60% users express there is not required materials
.13% users are not respondent this question.

Most of users felt there is insufficient materials with their related subjects. They
found something inside the library but it is not suitable or appropriate document for
them.

75
5.11 Information availability in TUCL

Table No. 18 Information availability in TUCL

S.N. Users Opinion Percentage

1 All required information 15%

2 Part of required information 70%

3 Fairly adequate information 15%

Total 100%

The above table shows that the users are lesser in number who seeks the information
from TUCL. Only 15% users collected their required information. On other hand
70% users found only parts of documents they needed. 15% of users said that there is
fairly adequate information.

Figure No. 11 Information availability in TUCL

15% 15%

All required information

Part of required
information
Fairly adequate
information

70%

The above Figure also shows that parts of documents are various in TUCL while
completed materials are not there.

76
5.12 Satisfaction of the Circulation Service

Table No. 19 Satisfaction of the circulation service

S.N. Users Satisfaction Percentage

1 Satisfied 42%

2 Not satisfied 48%

3 Not respondent 10%

Total 100%

The above table shows that only 42% are satisfied with the service provided by
library in circulation section. While 48% are not satisfied with the circulation service.

Figure No. 12 Satisfaction of the circulation service

10%

42%

Satisfied
Not satisfied
Not respondent

48%

The above Figure also shows that not satisfied ratio in circulation section is higher
than satisfaction ratio And 10% visitors are not respondent this questions.

77
5.13 About loan period of book

Table No. 20 About loan period

S.N. Current loan period Percentage

1 Sufficient 45%

2 Not sufficient 44%

3 Not respondent 11%

Total 100%

Figure No. 13 About loan period

11%

45%

Sufficient
Not sufficient
Not respondent

44%

The above table shows that 45% respondents felt the loan period given to them is
sufficient. Same as 44% of visitors felt this loan period is insufficient for them. 11%
of visitors are not respondent this question. Most of respondents demanded to issue
their loan materials for one month.

78
 Users view about sufficient loan period

S.N. Desired loan period Percentage

1 3 weeks 11%

2 1 month 24%

3 More than 1 month 9%

Total 44%

Users directly disliked the existing time period for loan. 65% respondents seek
alternate time period for loan system while only 35% measured it as suitable.

79
5.14 Knowledge about overdue charge

Table No. 21 Knowledge of overdue charge

S.N. About overdue charge Percentage

1 Acquainted 65%

2 Not-Acquainted 25%

3 Not respondent 10%

Total 100%

The above table shows that all users does not know the overdue charge on
books..There is 65% of users are acquainted about over- due charge of books. 25% of
users has not acquainted the over- due charge of books. It should be informed to all
users for all library rules and regulations. 10% of users are not respondent this
questions.

Figure no. 14 Knowledge of overdue charge

65%
70

60
25%
50

40

30
10%
20

10

0
Acquainted Not-Acquainted Not respondent

The above Figure also shows that 25% users can be problem on the time of their
overdue payment. Because, they are not informed or do not know the overdue system
of TUCL.

80
5. 15 Rate of over due charge

Table No. 22 Rate of overdue charge

S. N. Rate of overdue charge Percentage

1 To be increase 49%

2 Don't need to increase 41%

3 Not respondent 10%

Total 100%

The above table shows that availability of needed materials in library is less possible,
all materials which are important for users are on loan. So, most of the users gave
their view to increase fine/over- due charge so that, the materials arrive in time.

Figure No. 15 Rate of overdue charge

The above Figure also shows that the users are ready to increase fine on the condition
to availability of their needed materials. 49% of users are ready to pay increase rate of
over due charge.

81
5. 16 Book issue techniques

Table No. 23 Book issue techniques

S.N. Issue Technique Percentage

1 Scientific 45%

2 Un scientific 25%

3 In between 30%

Total 100%

The above table shows that the book issuing technique following by library is
scientific on the view of 45% users while it is in between according to 30% users.
25% of users said this is unscientific technique for book issue.

Figure No. 16 Book issue techniques

50
45%
45
40
35
30%
30
25%
25
20
15
10
5
0
Scientific Un scientific In between

The above Figure also shows that 25% respondents said that the book issuing
technique is unscientific in the library. While 45% guessed that is it scientific. 30% of
users guessed it is neither scientific nor unscientific it is in between.

82
Data analysis of Master Level Students outside University Campus, Kirtipur
(Master level students)

The researcher distributed 60 questionnaire for the outside of University Campus,

Kirtipur. All questionnaire were returned. The data analysis is given below.

5.17 Familiar about the TUCL

Table No. 24 Familiar about the TUCL

S.N. About the TUCL Percentage

1 Familiar 88.33%

2 Not familiar 11.66%

Total 100%

The above table shows that (88.33%) respondents familiar about TUCL. Rest of
(11.66%) of respondents are not familiar about TUCL.

Figure No. 17 Familiar about the TUCL

11.66%

Familiar
Not familiar

88.33%

The above Figure also shows that 88.33% respondent familiar about TUCL and
11.66 % not familiar about TUCL. Most of the respondent are familiar about TUCL.

83
5.18 About TUCL service needed or not needed

Table No. 25 TUCL service needed or not

S. N. About TUCL service Percentage

1 Need 70%

2 Not need 30%

Total 100%

The above table shows that (70%) respondents need about the services of TUCL
but (30%) respondents not needed the service of TUCL.

Figure No. 18 TUCL service needed or not

30%

Need
Not need

70%

The above Figure also shows that 70% respondent are need the services of TUCL
and only 30 % respondents not need the TUCL service.

84
5.19 TUCL membership needed or not

Table No. 26 TUCL membership needed or not

S. N. About Membership Percentage

1 Need 70%

2 Not need 30%

Total 100%

The above table shows that (70%) persons are interested to be a member of TUCL
but (30%) persons are not interested to be member of TUCL.

Figure No. 19 TUCL membership needed or not

30%

Need
Not need

70%

The above Figure also shows that 70 % respondent need the TUCL membership. It
shows that most of the respondents need the TUCL membership.

85
5.20 Using records of TUCL

Table No. 27 Ever used TUCL of not

S. N. Used detail Percentage

1 Used 33.33%

2 Not Used 66.66%

Total 100%

Only 33.33% of respondents used TUCL. But 66.66% of respondent are not ever used
TUCL.

Figure No. 20 Ever used TUCL of not

33.33%

Used
Not Used

66.66%

The above Figure also shows that TUCL not using numbers are in largest numbers of
respondents outside central campus, Kirtipur.

86
5.21 About TUCL membership

Table No. 28 TUCL membership would be beneficial or not

S.N. Users View Percentage

1 Beneficial 78.33%

2 Not beneficial 22.67%

Total 100%

The above table Shows that (78.33%) respondents said the TUCL membership is
beneficial. And (22.67%) respondent said the TUCL membership is not beneficial
for them because they are out of valley.

Figure No. 21 TUCL membership would be beneficial or not

22.67%

Beneficial
Not beneficial

78.33%

The Above Figure also shows that 78.33% of respondents said TUCL membership is
beneficial for them. And the rest 22.67 % of respondent said TUCL membership is
not beneficial for them.

87
5.22 Familiar about the circulation system of TUCL

Table No. 29 Familiar about the circulation system of TUCL

S.N. Circulation Percentage

system

1 Familiar 61.67%

2 Not Familiar 39.33%

Total 100%

The above table shows that (61.67%) respondents are knowing about the circulation
system of TUCL. And (39.33%) respondents are not know about the circulation
system of TUCL.

Figure No. 22 Familiar about the circulation system of TUCL

39.33%

Familiar
Not Familiar

61.67%

The above Figure also shows that 61.67% respondents are knowing about the
circulation system of TUCL. And 39.33% respondents are not know about the
circulation system of TUCL.

88
5.23 Knowing about the due clearance certificate

Table No. 30 Knowing about the due clearance certificate

S.N. Users View Percentage

1 Known 75%

2 Unknown 25%

Total 100%

The above table shows that 75% users have known about the due clearance certificate
which is required for complete the Master level/M. Phil .Ph.D. degree.

Figure No. 23 Knowing about the due clearance certificate

25%

Known
Unknown

75%

The above Figure also shows that 25% users are not familiar and 75% users are
familiar about the due clearance certificate. Most of the respondent suggested this
good step for to preserve the property of TUCL.

5.24 Views of Respondents

Due to ineffective services provided by the library, there are not sufficient
habitual users.

There are not enough orientation services on a regular basis and not enough
advocacy of the rules and regulation of the library.

89

There has not been use of new technology on circulation section such as use of
barcode system.

The shelving of books in general section is not proper and there are not
enough new editions of books and library materials.

The catalogue cards are not properly placed in catalogue cabinet.

The staffs of circulation section are not co-operative enough and they are even
not present some time of the day.

The library opening time is inadequate.

There in not proper supply of drinking water and no back-up supply of

electricity during power cutoffs.

View of TUCL circulation section staff

The problems of all of the section of library has to be faced by the circulation
section.

Various medical problems like- backache and legs problems are encountered
by the staffs of circulation section due to prolonged standing.

Not only females but male staffs are required in circulation section for various
reasons.

At least two staffs have to be appointed due to over -crowding even during the
lunch break.

The Space is very congested in circulation.

View of TUCL senior staff

Not returning of books in time is the main problems of circulation section, due
to uncontrolled of library members as well as materials of the library.

90
 CHAPTER - VI

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Summary and Conclusion

Now, Tribhuvan University Central Library is not just as an academic library for
Tribhuvan University only, but it is also acting as public and national library. This can
be judge from its collection, users and sections and service provided by it and from its
works like national agency for ISBN and publication of Nepalese National
Bibliography (NNB).

It has become the largest library of Nepal not only from the collection but also from
its service point of view for education and research studies coping with the changing
time and demand of users.

The TUCL is one of the oldest and the best equipped library in Nepal. It has more
than 3,50,000 of books and more than 450 titles of periodicals. It has been serving the
teaching and research needs of the University and also providing documentation and
information service. Circulation of its collection is one of the important services the
library provides to its users. But Non-returning of issued books has been reported as
one of the big problem of the circulation service of the TUCL. So, a study intended to
identify the problems and issues raised in connection of the circulation service of
TUCL and provide some recommendations to resolve those problems and issues.

To Fulfill the objectives of the study, a research was conducted on a sample of users
of the library service through questionnaire was conducted, and interview with key
informants and documentation of study was made. The information so gathered was
analyzed and shown in table and graphs. The results of the study revealed that the
main problem of circulation service is timely return of the issued books, because of
which many users were deprived of the opportunity to read the important books in
the time they wanted. Means like over- due charge, withdrawal cards etc. are being
adopted to solve the problem satisfactorily. There is also provision of due clearance
certificate not only TU Kirtipur campus ,this certificate is need for all of the
Postgraduate, Master, M. Phil, and Ph. D students. The study also tried to know the
opinion of the users about the issue to increase charges on overdue and days allowed
to keep the of issued books.

91
As being social as well as service institution, it is serving regularly to the users from
establishment. The main objectives is to support research and teaching of TU by
providing quality information services.

Conclusion

So, in this regard, based upon the responses given by users, observation of this
section, the researcher has found the following findings and conclusion.

The researchers has distributed 100 questionnaire and the respondents were returned
100 questionnaire ,but some questions are not completed or not respondent.

1. Seventy nine percentage (79%) users are members and Twenty one (21%)
users are non members of this library.

2. Seventy four percentage (74%) users are student, ten (10%) users are
researcher, one( 2%) users are teacher and seven( 14%) users are visitors
among them.

3 Thirty eight percentage (38%) users are found to consult the textbook section.
Twenty five percentage (25%) users are to collect materials for research.
Twenty four percentage(24%) users are only reading the library materials and
twenty three percentage (23%) users consult journals / newspapers /reference
materials.

4 Fifty eight percentage (58%) users are found TUCL as very useful, thirty
seven percentage (37%) users have reported as useful and fifteen percentage
(15%) users are not responding.

5 Twenty nine percentage (29%) are daily users, forty four percentage (44 %)
once a week users, ten percentage(10%) are once a month users and two
percentage (2%) are once a year users as the frequency of library visit. Fifteen
percentage( 15%) of visitors are not responding.

6. Seventy six percentage (76%) users have reported the present opening hour of
library is suitable and thirteen percentage (13%) users have reported the time
is not suitable. Eleven percentage (11%) of visitors not respondent this
questions.

7. Fifteen percentage (15%) users reported the circulation service is needed

before 10.30 too , fifteen percentage (15%) users reported the circulation

92
 service is needed after 3.30 too, thirty four percentage (34%) users reported
the circulation service is needed before 10.30 to after 3.30 too. They reported
this booth time is needed for circulation service, and thirty six percentage
(36%) users reported this time is enough and they are satisfied the time of
circulation service.

8. Among the total users only fourteen percentage (14%) have used circulation
section ,this is not satisfactory rate of using this section.

9. Sixty eight percentage (68%) users have faced problem in searching the
library materials and twenty four percentage (24%) users did not face
problems in searching the library materials. Eight percentage (8%) users are
not responses this question.

10. Twenty seven percentage (27%) users are found sufficient materials in their
related field but sixty percentage (60%) did not find sufficient material in their
related fields.

11. Forty two percentage(42%) users were satisfied with the document availability
in circulation section, forty eight percentage (48%) users are not satisfied with
the document availability in circulation section.

12. Forty five percentage (45%) users are satisfied about the loan period of book
,Forty four percentage (44%) are not satisfied the present loan period of at
home.

13. Twenty four percentage (24%) users suggested the loan period should be one
month and eleven (11%) percentage users suggested three weeks.

14. Sixty five percentage (65%) users are known about the over- due charge of the
document and twenty three percentage (25%) users are not known about the
over- due charge.

15. Forty nine percentage (49%) users are suggested to increase the over- due
charge of the documents and forty one percentage (41%) users did not suggest
to increase the over- due charge of the documents.

16. Forty five percentage (45%) users are satisfied with the present book issuing
technique , twenty five percentage (25%) users are told unscientific.

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17. Eighty eight percentage (88.33%) respondent are familiar about TUCL. Only
Eleven percentage (11.66%) respondents are not familiar about TUCL.

18. Seventy percentage (70%) respondent said all kinds of TUCL service is
needed for them but thirty percentage (30%) respondent said the TUCL
service is not needed for them.

19. Seventy percentage (70%) respondents are not interested to be a membership

of TUCL. But Thirty percentage (30%) respondents are not interested to be a
membership.

20. Sixty seven percentage (67%) respondents using the TUCL resources but
thirty three percentage (33%) respondents are not using TUCL resources..

21. Seventy eight percentage (78.33%) respondents said the TUCL membership is
beneficial and twenty two (22.67%) respondents said the TUCL membership
is not beneficial for them.

22. Sixty one percentage (61.67%) respondents are familiar about the circulation
system of TUCL.Thirty nine percentage (39.33%) respondent are not familiar
about circulation system of TUCL

23. Seventy five percentage (75%) respondents are familiar about the due-
clearance certificate. And twenty five (25%) respondents are not familiar
about due-clearance certificate.

24. According to the view of TUCL circulation section staff ,the section faces the
problems of all the section of library. The staff of the section encounters
various medical problems like, backache and legs problems. Mostly, female
staffs work in the section due various reason. Space is very congested in the
sections.

25. According to the view of TUCL senior staff, the main problem of the
circulation section is not returning of books in time due to the un controlling
mechanism of library members and materials of the library.

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6.2 Recommendation
On the basis of above findings and conclusions found from the analysis and
interpretation of the data , the suggestion given by users, some recommendations may
be fruitful to suggest for the further enhancement of the section in this library.

1. Reading habits of users should be developed by the library as habitual

readers/professional studied.

2. More computers with good condition should be added for e-mail and
internet.

3. Library should provide effective orientation to the new users for

searching library materials.

4. Library should provide catalogue searching methods for retrieval of

materials- Manuals and electronic media.

5. Catalogue card should be manage in systematic way.

6. Library should provide adequate and latest materials of users subject

field in circulation section.

7. Book/ Document in general section should be available sufficiently.

8. Books on shelve should be properly shelved..

9. Document issue process should be made easy by implementing bar code

system.

10. Library should be managed to update collection in general section, and

should manage books with proper space.

11. Library should increase the number of staffs and the staff of circulation
section should be polite, and should change their misbehavior and
laziness.

12. Library should manage the sufficient staffs in circulation section even in
tiffin time or other break time.

13. Library should provide Library users guide for all new comers in the
library

14. Library opening time should be increased.

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15. Rules and regulations should be fully aware to the members.

16. Library should improve different services, such as drinking water, power
backup in load shedding time, cleaning the dust of book shelves etc.

17. The volumes of new editions of textbooks and other recommended

books be increased in the library and kept for circulation.

18. As the three week time for issue to members are not considered
adequate, the library management should see the possibility of increasing
the days of issued books.

19. Fine of over- due charge should be increased for enhanced return of over
-due.

20. All students should make familiar about due clearance certificate.

21. Library opening time should be increase.

22. Library should manage the adequate space for the circulation section.

23. There should be separate department in the library to face the problems of
various sections, such as reference desk.

24. Staffs of the section should be rotated after the certain period of time.

25. Not only female staff, but male staff also should be placed in the
circulation section.

26. Controlling mechanism of library members should be made strong to

return the books on time.

27. Space should be properly managed because library is growing organism.

96
 REFERENCE

Bajracharya, Dibya.(2004) A case study of overdue date problem in the circulation

system of Padma Kayna Campus Library. Kathmandu: Department of Library and
Information Science p. 12-15.

Bhandary, Krishna Mani.(2003). TU special Bulletin Kirtipur. TU p. 53-54.

Dilli, K. T.(1997). Basics of library and information science. New Delhi: Vikas
publishing House pp. 13,16, 17, 18-19, 73.

Garg, Kailash Chandra. (1985). Cirulation sub system for operation.- New Delhi
:Herald Library Science

Karki, Kalpana.(2008). A study of Nepal Collection of Tribhuvan University central

library. Kathmandu: Department of Library and Information Science. p. 17-19.

Karki, Madhusudan.(2002). The study of emergence and development of Libraries,

Information Centers and Information Professionalism in Nepal: Appraisal. A
Thesis. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University.

Khanna, J. K. ( 1994). Library and Society. 2nd rev. enlarged ed. New Delhi: ESS
Publication pp. 1, 3, 41.
Krishan Kumar. (1991). Library manual.- 4th rev. ed.- New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House pp. 3, 170-199.
Librarians glossary of terms used in librarianship and the book craft and reference
book, (1971). p 382-671.

Line, Maurice.(1989). Academic Library Management .- London: The Library

Association

Mittal, R. L. (1984). Library Administration: theory and practice.- 5th ed. New Delhi:
Metropolitan Book pp. 453-583, 495-506, 556-558.

Pangeni, Bhabeshwor (2068 BS). Five Decades of TUCL. - Kathmandu: TUCL p.

127.

Shrestha, Sanju. (2000). An Evaluation of the Circulation Service at the Central

Library of Tribhuvan University. A project work p. 2, 9.

TU Central Library Annual Report(2007/2008).

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Wolf, Haward K. & Pant, Prem Raj (2005) . Social science research and thesis
writing. 4th ed.- Kathmandu; Buddha Academy p. 4-6.

WEB REFERENCE

Retrieved from www. library.bub.ernet.in/ Banglore University Library ( date: July

09 2011)

Retrieved from crl.du.ac.in/ Delhi University Library (date: July 09 2011)

Retrieved from www.unom.ac.in/unomdynam_old/uploads/library/mul/mul.html

Madrash University Library system (date: 11 July, 2011)

Retrieved from www.loc.gov/ Library of Congress (date: 11 July, 2011)

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