\ +>s VQfiC d+d\ $w |j >+

(VQfiC +|\ yk\ | |{ H | s T \T C>| & *)

2016`17 d+ _`3 (_{3) |s \+>D sh+ n+ sV d+> | dTesT 13 \\
ms\ yT +| <s | $H \ neT+ ]+~. |+ ydq # ~>T& >&Z y T |{q
|T& s |]d @s&+~. us< X y |+ > 2.8 ms\ _{`3 | ydq T n+#H\T
#| THsTT. _{`1 eT]jTT _{`2 |yX |{q eTV`yHX+{ +|\T _{`3 L& |yX |{sTT.
@d (C{ +]+> n|Pe $T{) nqTeT +& _{`3 yjT &+ ]+~. ~ n+
|e<s y T q #s . @d nqTeT rdT eyT yD|s+ > @ = |+HH es{ |yX |{*.
|uT nqTeT H |sesD |e<+ *+# $H \qT $&T<\ #jT &+ usY H
sT>TTq~. $H \qT + eTT+< d* j, jTs|jT H <X\ w~+#sT. nsTTq|{
us< X + $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~. $H \ e\ qsY +{ T |X e\ L& T\T
edTq T |]X<q \T *bsTT. >TsT \Twe TsTTbsTT+~. +{ $H \qT \+>D sh+
KeT+ yTTyT T< |j >\ |sT s T \ #| +& |+ yXsT.
_{`3 n+f @$T{?
eekjT s+>+ f\J n_e~ #+~q=B n~ |+ \T| ysD skjTH\T
L& |&+ ]+~. +<T s+& n|t s & | (sYsYm|)t {. skjTH |yX |{
\T|ysD $H \qT j sT#XsT. e], |, kj, y]qTe\T, b<T sT>T&T |+\ yHX+{
|yX |{+ ~. BH V]d& {\s+{ (V#Y{) nL& |\TksT . $H ydq # \T| s<T n
|#s+ #dT H sT. B _{`3 |sT \+>D eT]jTT us< X + yD|s+ > $&T<\
#XsT. vanijya param gaa
kaadu...anumatulu
_{ m |yX |{sT ? lekunda donga
chatugaa ammutunnaru.
1998 yHX+{ +| us< X + eTV +| 26% y{\qT 24 s T n<q+>
|{ =qT>\T #d+ ~. $<+ > +|| |P] jeq+ eV+ eTV +| |sT _{ $H \qT
|yX |{+ ~. 2000 d+ 9 y\ | $q | b{ ( b{ 450 >.) $&T<\ #d+ ~. n|{ KeT+,
qZ+&, es+> (ePsT>=+&), ~u< yHX+{ _{ |j >\ s |+ ~. _{ e\ |Cs>,
|X e\, |sesD qw+ y{\TT +< +< |<X s T d+|T + +<fiq bs+_++~. s T d+| \
n< , s<sT \| yHX+{ dT\T |{+ ~. sh Xdqdu, us bsy T +T _{ $H \qT nqTeT
+& y&L &< rs+#sTT. n|{ _{ $H \ |#s+ |< mTq k+~. | +# Xq>|#
|sT>TqT y]dT+ < $d |#s+ >$++~. _{ | |> &< s T d+|T + s| \T, |#s+
#dq |{ s T \T _{ y| yTT>TZ #bsT. 2002 H{ s T \ qT+& _{ | | e& |]+~. s T \ e&
>eT+ n+ eTT+<T nqTeTe @d 2002 _{ | yD|s nqTeT++~.
$<+ > s T \qT d>=* y]# e& | + nqTeTT\T k~++~. $<+ > <X+ 98% | _{
$H \ essT.
2006 Xq>|# |sT>TqT _{`1 s~+# b e+ _{`2 $H es{+> #d+ ~. ~
L& 2012 s $T s< X e&+ _{`3 |yX |{\ |jT ++~. yTTyT T< 450
>eTT\ $q b{ sT.1850 <s ss TT+#sT. ms $j+#\ \ + |{sT . 2003 d+
e#H{ s T \T, s T d+| \ +<fiq |* +>q, myTsY{ & sT d\V yTs |uT \ | d]
|+<\T #dT y* e+~. H{ +< |<X |uT + 2006 b{ _{`1 sT.750, _{`2
sT.925 #=|q ss TT+#sT. e] 2009 e#H{ esTd> sT.650, sT.750> <s +Z #* e+~.
1
 <s >&Z + eT <jT+ >T Z T +< u$+ | &T >D+\qT |#s+ |{+ ~. _{ $q + ydq
|+ ms sT.10,493 |T& |& sT.16,607 <jT+ edT+ <, $<+ > ms |T& b>
sT.6 y\T <jT+ edT+ < |uT \ y~* |#s+ #d+ ~.
_{`3 |sT V]d& {\s+{ (\T| ysD) $q |yX +
>+ _{ s T \ e& |yX |{q $<+ >H \T| ysD $H \qT |yX |&TTHsT.
2007 @d 78e deyX+ V]d& {\s+{ $q | d+ eTV +| nqTeT#sT.
H\T>T # 25 ms\ #=|q yTT+ 100 ms\ nqTeTT\T b+~+~. ~ |j > eyT q
nqTeT. yD|s+ > $&T<\ #jT & @d n+^]+#< T . yHX+{ +| V]d& {\s+{
yD|s+ > nqTeTT*y\ sT d|+ sY 9, 2014q +< |sesD XUeT\T l |wt
jT<y s Y yTys+&+ +~.
n+ q y~ 2001`02 <X+ 156 \\ ufi fl > _{ $j>+ e\ 12
d+es 2013`14 H{ 390 \\ ufifl |]qT #| +~. 73 \\ eT+~ dq, qsT |
s T \T 2013 H{ \_ b+~qT eTs nyde + #| +~. n+ +&jT H |t n\s dsY
ysT \T| e\ 47.5% |+ qZ T y~ #sq eTs nydy |{ + +~. n+<Te\ V]d&
$H \ nqTeTy\ ssT.
\T| e\ e# yTT\T eTqTw\, |X e\ Vs |j >|& jT, eTqTw\ <s
\T| rjT&+ e\ u $T >T\> e] |< q yTT yfi fl u $T #=#TbsTT ~>T& edT+ < @d
|s=+ V]d& {\s+{ yD|s s]++~. e] dT|+sT y[flH eTV yHX+{
+| nqTeTT\T \_+#< T . |TM& yHX+{ @ $<+ >qsTTH $H |yX |&
|jT ++~. e] 2017d+ $d + > _{`3 nqTeT H yD|s $&T<\ #XsT.
H{ (26.11.2017) _{`3 nqTeT <T . _{`3H V]d& {\s+{>q, s+& n|t s & | >q
|\TdT+ {sT.
| qTeqT |yX |{q s < ] |d+ V]+#&+ Xdj T +> nk< +.
d+ |s+ _{`3 $q qTe | |yX |&+~. |+ |P <X e# |+ |b&
H{ > \ T, s \ <s $T*q |+\| y|++~. $<+ > |b& |s| s > d+|s + #+~ s
|+\ L& _{`3 (\T| ysD) qTe |y ++~. $<+ > n |+ ~ y| #+<&+
eT f\J s T \T <=+*+ $j+#T+THs +| dT\T yd |jT + #dT q ~.
> #] @+ ]+~?
yTT<{k ] _{ | $jd Xq>|# |sT>T, b> \< |sT>T\ <& T +T+<
yHX+{ |#s+ #d, s T \ nyT+T <TsT $q + $&T<\ #d+ ~. $H \ |b& |s| s >
d+|s + #+<&+ | qTq s T \ b _{ qTe y|++~. n|&T yHX+{ +| |
s T \T (18 y\ ms\) eT qw| ] Vs+ #*+ #\ nyT] fdt sh+ 25 eT+~ s T \| dT
|{+ ~. $<+ > |sesD V *+#&y T s T \| dT\T |f |jT \T us< X + L&
sT>TTHsTT.
@d u<
1965 qT+& 85 es V] $|e \+ n~ e+>&\qT ~>TeT #dTHeTT.
yTTyT T<{k ] <sTT+& qT+& # T +> H{y ` 1 eT]jTT sY`8 e] <H ~>TeT #dT eTq
$H \ d+s| ] $$<s \ n~ e+>&\qT qT>=HeTT. $<+ > eTT <H\ bT ||
<H\T, Ls>jT\T s n |+\ d+s $H \qT |yX |{ n~ k~+#sT. dC d+s
2
 ( C yTT\) e\ |sesD m+{ qw+ y{\< Xdy \ T sT. |dT + yHX+{
_{ $H \ $C (yTT\T, +Te\ qTe\) qTe]& <s m+{ |\ T s| +&,
|sesD m+ V \T>TT+< |uT + |]X<q ]| sj s+&H yD|s
$&T<\ #XsT.
|f+{ V
us< X + &T{z s bddt |f+{ eyT V\T e&HsTT. b& |f+{ (
) m+{ V\ e. yHX+{ +| | u>sT qTe sD V =s |f+{ H+sT
5164316, 5196525, 5322935, 5352605 {sTT+#&sTT. kj;H |f+{ H+.|301749
{sTT+#sT. V]d& |f+{ H+.|546090, \T| ysD yTT\ bddt |f+{ e&+~.
|f+{qT yTTCq, ><T eT, e], kj;H, |, dT>sY ;{, y] qTe\T, H, b<T sT>T&T, \T>&\ T,
{u, |H | eT]jTT < \T|ysD skjTH\| e&+~. \T| ysD s+&n|t skjTH
nyT] |f+{ H+.4535060, 4040835, 532505 #sT. n> ]HsY $q + |f+{ H+.5723785
nyT] V\T *+#&sTT. V\T us< X + e. ]HsY $q + nq> $q +
<s |+&q |+ $H \ yTT\ e# qTe +&<T . n+<Te\ |@{ +| e< y[fl $H \T
=qTy*. k] |+&q |+ $T\ | dV +> yTT\T qTe +T+~. yTT\ qTeqT
s~+#&+ <s +| eT T\ T es{+> #d u y[fl+~.
yHX+{ mesT?
||+ #+ $q s+>+ |y +q yHX+{ +| +<+ nyT] dsTT+{ \sTTdt
eTTk] e< +~. ||+ #y|+ > 7.5 _*jTH &\s y] sesY * bs+_++~. 96 d+\ s
skjTH\ |]XeT k|+ +~. $jT+| nyT] jTT<+ k+q|&T @C+{ s+C nH |e<s
skjTH j sT#d nyT] dH n+~++~. @C+{ s+C & \\ eT+~ |\T $jT+
#bjsT. skjTH $eH\ <s #\& + e\ |+\T, yTT\T <HsTT. n+{ $Tq
#s \T ]|q +| $q s+>+ |y + j <X\ k+> q $q +|\| |q +
kdTq ~. y] k+|<jT $H \qT =qT>\T #jT +& q _{ f\J $j+# $<+ > |#s+
#dT q ~. 130 <X\ B > H{esY +~. nH +|\qT q *|dT+~. skjTH\T
+& |\T J$+#&+ nk< + n+ = H< |#s+ +~. yde +> skjTH
eTqTw\, |X e\ s>, |sesD n+ |e<+ *dTH sTT.
+| 2.5 &\sT |]X<q \ |sT |T& |&q u+>TfiSsT eekjT $X$<\jT
|]X<H +<+ yTTyTT<{k] +{ b+~+~. +<|<X mHs+> $X$<\jT
|]X<H \j L& kBq+ #dT H |jT + |C es se&+ u+>TfiSsT es |]$TeTsTT+~.
eTTK+> \T| ysD |sT q $H \qT eyT s T \T $j+# $<+ > |jT \T #d+ ~.
|dT + +| ujT sY +| *d ybs+ #dT q ~. q n~ y{\qT ujT sY +| e]+~.
|dT + s +&T +|\ bT &bsTT+{, d+C+{ eT]jTT ]Z +|\ q f\J *d T
ybs+ #dT q ~.
ms 6 y\ sbjT\ u+ ed | s T m+<T V\T #dT +THsT?
eT& +< |<X sh+q, H{ \+>Dq @{ ysTT eT+~ s T \T V\T #dT >
us< X + 13 sc\ @{ 12,500 eT+~ V\ b\&TTqT Hwq y T s ]bsT\ T
\T|T HsTT. V\T _{ $H \ bs+u+ qT+& yTT<\jjT >eT+#*. n+<T V\
b\&qys+ $$< |+\ _{ |j +#ys. +| e+ @{ u =qk>TTq~. b&
|f+{ H sjT |sT @{ sbjT\qT u\ s|+ s* +#TbjsT.
3
|dT |]d
\T| H T H qTe]& |sT ;{`3 |yX |{ = f\J s | + ~. d& dH
+& |#d neT es{ |s s <s $H \T n$T u\T b+<TTHsT. $q dH q
k +|\qT eTsy| nejTyT q s T \qT ~yfi rsTTdTH sT.
Je y$ < #+
1986 |sesD #+ s H+.9 |s+, mesH $H |j >+> |+ #<\ T#T+f
| d]> C{ +]+> n|Pe $T{ nqTeT b+<* +~. s yD|s L&
nqTeT b+<*. eTV +| 2007 |\ =s nqTeT b+~ 100 ms\ |+ yXsT.
s +| yD|s nqTeT e<T . >+ 100 ms ydq V]d& {\s+{ ~>T&
@+ #XsT? < |uT eb> \ L& #|< T . $H \qT yD|sy T q $&T<\
#dq T \Tk+~. 2012`17 eT< \+ $q + y>+ > $d] ++~.
@d @+ #j *?
|@ dH 15 |s+ eT]jTT |@ 1989 jTeT+<q \ 9 |s+ nqTeT +&
n+{ e+>&\qT $&T<\ #jT &+ Hs+ . n+{ y]| #s rdTy*. +esL Vs+>+> eTV
|j > nqTeT qT \TdTq ~. _{ $H \ $j>+ Xq>|# |sT>T\T >qZ |&T s|P J
(HH`_{) $q + 25% qT+& 30% es yj \ yHX+{ +| #| +~. nq> ms+ 30% HH
_{ yjT &+ Xq>|# |sT>T HH _{ + _{y| yfifl < , $<+ > _{ |+ < T+<
#| THsT.
>+ HH_{ y&q|&T L& | |+ +, eTT<+, n\d+< +{ $T\qT s>
]+# |+\T yd |< q |+qT s+ #THsT. <T f\J n+ b |< H |qsT<] +#sT.
|* \T
20 <X\ eTTK+> ds+&, H<s +&, nyT], +>+& <X\ ys+<s _{ $H
y~+#s yHX+{ |#s+. ydy jTs|jT H <Xq, d* j, nyT]q |+qT
w~+q ydy eTsT>T|]#sT. |+qT yjT &+ e\ H{ > \ T, d\T\T, k> &T |f
eTT\T, eTq |+\ yT\T #d |sT>T\ q+#sTT. &T #d eTT\T e~ #+<&+ ny+{, fds Y
+{ | fq $Td+Vs eT+<T\T (yHX+{ T\ T) $|+> y&eTHsT. KsT s T \|
us+> e]+~.
+< |<X |uT + #s \T
+< |<X |uT + Jy H+.630 ~ 17.10.2017 sh+ eTT>T]Z $T{ yd+ ~. $T{
1989 |sesD #+ |s+ nqTeT +& sh+ V]d& |+ ydq y]| D #s \T rdTy\
<++~. n+ |+ yjT &+ e\ uq c\qT L& |]o*+ d#q\T #j \ ]+~.
n~+ > $j+q V]d& |+ >T]+ \+>D |uT + e+ \TL |\TL +& +~.
$<+ > eTV +| bsTT d++<\THjT s T \T u$dTH sT. n+<T sh+ 13 \\
ms\ ydq |{ |uT + eT sqT+~.
<ojT $q |]XeT| |u e+
2000 d+ qT+& yHX+{ _{ s <ojT $q +| re |u e+ #|+~. s T \T, |uT +,
|sTTyT q +|\T <ojT $H sd e#sT. _{ s sh+ q 450 s\ $H \T 60
~+#&sTT. | d]> +| $H \| <s|& * e+~. n+ $q K<T |s>& + , T\T
4
se&+, |T& |s>& + ]+~. M{| e+<H e, sY.se+HjT T\T +{ Xdy \ T nH |]X<q \T
#d |uT + <w #sT. $<+ > <ojT $q + _{ s es{ +& bsTT+~.
yHX+{ eTs |e<s y T q #s
1994 b\ eT+> |+#& u$H >Y VsH nH skjTH j sT#d+ ~.
B e\ +C #jT &+ y{ | >+&T e~ #+~ b\ |]+~. dV +> ~
n+ |e<s + . skjTq+ e Xs+ <s b\ #sT T+~. H&T nyT] 17% eT+~ s T \T
B $jdTH s n+#H ydT H sT. +Cq T $j+#&+ e\ eTqTw\, |X e\ qsY
s y<T \T edTq T \TdTq ~.
$H sc VQfiC d+d\ f\J nedse ?
\+>D $H sh+> us< X + eekjT |+\ 60% $H ds| s #dT q ~.
$H eT]+ $d] +|Cd $q ><eTT> #j \ eTTKeT+ |<| < |{ d T H sT. \+>D
yesD+ us< X + H $H n+ nqTL\yTq ~. neX |j +#T yTT<
]Z, s yHX+{ +{ +|\T \+>D wy d eT |j >\qT =qkdTH sTT. &
n+ |c yT q X{, mHs+> jTe]{\T <T y\ ms\ | |]X<H +<\T
|#dT H sTT. ydy $H \T yesD CH nqTL\+> #j *. yesD CH
nsTTq $H \T eTs yesD CH yTT\e . n+<Te\ \+>D $H sh+> es&
>\ neX\qT sh |uT + >T]+q|{ |{ VQfiC d+d\ <j <D \| <s|& +~.
n_e~ #+~q <X\T eT d+ f\J $j+ eT <X yesD |]d T \ nqT>TD+>
$H k+> #dT +THsT. \+>D L& k+> |]X<q \T #d $H >$+#*.
j f\J \\T n_e~ ~X +&* | sX]> esL &<T .
j f\J |]X<q \T s+s+ s>*. n$ eqeC, bD{ qw+ s>q +es
$j>+ y*. |\ T d+|Ps+ > s| +& yD|s $&T<\ #d |sesD V bT
eekjT T\ T L& bZ sTT. n+ ss \ T\ |\T +<T\T |&* edT+ ~. H&T
edTq T\ me u>+ |]X<q \T +&, ds q ne>Vq +& jf\J |* \qT
$j+#&+ e\H n &s Y |.myT.useZ +{ eTVeTVQ\T #bsT. s=s{ d+d\ T u\ +
eqe s>+ ybs+ #d u\T d+b~dTH sTT. us< X + 50% |> s T \T ss dT\T.
n+<Te\ M] $d |#s+ <s yd+ s=s{ d+d\ T u\T d+b~dTH sTT. k k+|<jT
$H \qT +& #dT H sT. eT u\T |+&Tq s +|\qT s +|\ |sT e]
|d+ V]+#T+THsT. n+<Te\ = f\J @~ eq|{ eTq yesD |]d T \ nqTL\e?
<? n |]o*+, nqTL\eT ssD eq|& $j+#*. | d@sY u< >
sV+#*. sc\ eekjT $X$<\j\ |]X<q \T sb*. |]X<q \T d * \T q|&
@d nqTeT y*. n+ | +<, sh |uT \T, |]X< d+d\ T |\ bD\ #\>e&&+
ds q ~ <T. s T \T L& |e< >eT+ eT k+|<jT $H \ y| +#*.
#|{ *q #s \T :
1) nqTeT +& V]d& {\s+{qT yD|s $&T<\ #dq eTV`yHX+{| $Tq
#s \T rdTy*.
2) |+ qw+ ]q s T \ |]Vs+ #*+ #*.
3) |]X<q \T ]| d+| #+~q sH $H \T $&T<\ #j *.
5
4) |sesD |e<+ *dTq VQfiC +|\ ybs s~+#*.
5) k+|<jT $H \T $]$> n+<TuT |{*.
6) d& bsY |s e+<\ ms\T VQfiC d+d\ |s+ #jT s<T.
7) <ojT |]X<q \qT $d | ] $H #j *.
8) neT+> ]*+#TbsTTq sjT ] | +#*.
9) @d ` d@sY \qT |{w + #j *.
10) sT\ VQfiC d+d\ T ydq dT\T |d+ V]+#*.

ks+|* eTs &

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