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MHP Training Modul 1

This document provides guidance on planning micro-hydro power (MHP) schemes and includes the following key points: 1. It describes the basic components of an MHP scheme including an intake, penstock, powerhouse, and examples of layouts. 2. It discusses concepts such as head, flow rate, and how power is calculated using these variables. 3. It identifies common issues to consider such as erosion, sediment buildup, and safety around transformers.

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Ifnu Setyadi
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105 views29 pages

MHP Training Modul 1

This document provides guidance on planning micro-hydro power (MHP) schemes and includes the following key points: 1. It describes the basic components of an MHP scheme including an intake, penstock, powerhouse, and examples of layouts. 2. It discusses concepts such as head, flow rate, and how power is calculated using these variables. 3. It identifies common issues to consider such as erosion, sediment buildup, and safety around transformers.

Uploaded by

Ifnu Setyadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JUNE 2012

HOW TO PLAN MHPP


By IFNU SETYADI G

Section 1 : Basic Knowlege of MHP


PRINCIPAL MHP SCHEME
EXAMPLE : MHP SCHEME

Workers Village
Tea Factory

Storage Pond

Intake & Sandtrap

Penstock

Powerhouse
Headrace Canal
OTHER SCHEME 1
There are of course many
variations on the design layout of
the system. As an example, the
water is entered directly to the
turbine from a channel without a
penstock. This type is the simplest
method to get the waterpower.
OTHER SCHEME - 2
Another variation is that the channel could be eliminated, and the penstock will run
directly to the turbine. Variations like this will depend on the characteristics of the
particular site and the requirements of the user of system.
CONCEPT OF MHP
A hydro scheme requires both water flow and a drop in
height (referred to as Head) to produce useful power.
The power conversion absorbs power in the form of
head and flow, and delivering power in the form of
electricity or mechanical shaft power.

Drop head can directly to get from drop water


fall/irrigation or from slope of river
POWER
CALCULATION

to determine the hydro


potential of water flowing
from the river or stream,
it have to know the flow
rate of the water and
the head through
which the water can
fall, as defined in the
following:

The flow rate is the quantity of water flowing past a point at a given time. Typical
units used for flow rate are cubic metres per second (m3/s), litres per second (lps).

The head is the vertical height in metres (m) from the level where the water enters
the intake pipe (penstock) to the level where the water leaves the turbine housing
P = Q x H x g x E0

P = Power output in kW
Q = Usable flow rate in m3/s
H = Gross head in m
g = Gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
E0 = Efficiency factor of system (0.8 to 0.9)
KOMPONEN PLTM

Intake Bendung
KOMPONEN PLTM

Kolam pengendap lumpur Saluran pelimpas


Saluran
penghantar

Saluran penghantar
Saluran pelimpas

Kolam pengendap
lumpur

Jalan Inspeksi Saluran

Saluran Tertutup
Headpond (Bak Penenang)
Saluran pelimpas headpond
Pipa Penstock Saluran pelimpas
FRANCIS

PELTON
STUDI KASUS
Aliran turbulen

Volume saluran pelimpas


relatif kecil. Ketika terjadi shut down
aliran balik air akan menaikkan muka
air di saluran karena kemampuan
Peredaman momentum di head pond kurang

Kecepatan aliran masih relatif tinggi


Terjadi olakan /turbulen yang cukup besar
Service area head pond dengan akses buangan sampah
Sampah, batu masuk melalui head pond. Kurang pembersihan
Karet seal tambahan yg di klem
untuk mencegah kebocoran

Air dari release valve


langsung terbuang ke
tanah, perlu dibuat drainase
Kupasan tanah rawan erosi dan scoring
Transformer tidak di pagar
DANGER

Transformer di pagar
SALURAN DITUTUP KARENA RAWAN LONGSOR PADA LERENG

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