Key points to remember

Qualities Of a CHNurse

 Approachable
 Resourceful
 Patient
 Health Conscious
 Emphatic
 Responsible
 Pleasant personality
 Organized, systematic
 Realistic
 Sensitive to needs of others
 Observant

Competencies required in order to meet the needs of the patient/client, family

and community:

 Communication, interviewing, listening and sharing of pertinent

information.
 Observant skills in health and those of disease in relation to physical,
mental, and emotional health.
 Knowledge in community resources that can be utilized to meet the
individual needs of the community.
 Community organizing, social mobilization for community health
development.
 Community health programme management.
 Teaching, health education.
 Interpersonal relationship/human relations.
 Recording and reporting.
Key Points to Remember

Functional roles of CHNurse

 CHNurse should have the caring role to patient/client, families

and community
 Nursing care and health guidance to individuals, families or
groups at home, in school, or work at the medical clinic and
health centers
 Collaboration with other family, community members in
assessing and implementing community health programmes.
 Participate in health educational programmes in the community
and other health workers.
 Participate in national health programme’s implementation.
 CHN is a basic community health service and at the same time a
major channel for the promotion and support of the community
health programmes as a whole.

Roles of CHNurse

 Facilitator
 Educator
 Counselor
 Communicator
 Coordinator
 Provider of care
 Health manager
 Organizer
 Collaborator
MODULE 4 - COMMUNITY ORGANIZING -

PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (CO-PAR)

The practical application of the CHN is through working with the community with other health
team members. The approach of the Community Organizing-Participatory Action Research
(CO-PAR) is very effective in working with the community members in sustaining PHC projects.

Every community is different from each other. It has varied health situations, needs and
problems. Learning in and from the community through CO-PAR approach is essential in the
preparation for community works and activities.

Community Organizing with Participatory Action Research is one way of establishing rapport
with the community. It will ensure community encouragement, stimulate and support community
participation in community health. It will give an essence to the Primary Health Programme
concept.

Objectives: After 12 hours, the participant will be able to:

 Identify the process/ steps in working with the community.

 Gain skills in analyzing community health situation.
 Understand the CO-PAR approach in working and planning with the community.
 Practice in facilitating CO-PAR for the community health programme planning.
 Review PHC approach in relation to community health programme activities.
Activity 1 - BUILDING A COMMUNITY -

Time : 1 hour

Methods : Creative mapping/ team building exercises

Materials : Newsprint, markers, crayons, scissors, paste, scrap materials

Procedure : 1. Introduce module 4 and activity 1 objectives to built teamwork and

trust as the group work together towards a common goal.

2. Let each group create community through creative mapping utilizing the
and scrap materials provided. The group will present their community with a
name, population size, number of houses and other basic informations they
want to reflect as a description of an ideal community.

3. Each group will briefly present and describe their community. Give time for the
other groups to ask questions about the community.

4. Ask the group’s reactions to the activity. Note:

 How each member react to the activity?

 What are the strengths and weaknesses encountered while
doing the group activity?
 Does the activity strengthen the groups member relations?
 Any suggestions and recommendations?

5. Process and summarize. Emphasize key points for team effectiveness

Community work.
Activity 2 -PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CONCEPT-

Time : 1 hour

Methods : Participatory Group Discussion/ role play

Materials : Newsprints, markers

VA on PHC Conceptual Framework.

Procedure : 1. State the purpose of the activity 2 and review the PHC Concepts. Assess
the student’s background on PHC

2. Let the group members share their concepts about PHC.Gather them
and note them down in the newsprints and Translate it into action or role
play.

3. Presentation of group role play.

4. Discuss the concept to the large group using the PHC Concept diagram.

5. Summarize the concept’s presented Elaborate PHC concepts discussion

by showing the illustration on PHC concept diagram. PHC concepts serve
as the guide in planning community health activities in a participatory way.

6. Discuss Community Organizing Process as the entry Point in mobilizing

community for participation and Involvement for social action in health
improvement.

 Discuss types of information, sources of these informations and

methods of collection needed in planning health programmes.
  Let the student identify the classification of information’s
according to: -demographic
- Health status
- Health resources/ services
- Community health organization
- Socio-economic (Health related)

*Convene the class for plenary presentation and discussion

* Summarize it and supplement it with VA on common health in disease

* Distribute MCNP College of Nursing PHC Survey forms which will be

utilized during their field exposure. Ask for any clarifications.

* Emphasize to the participants, that information’s should be collated,

Processed and analyzed and should be presented back to the community.

Key Points to Remember:

CO Process

 Know yourself
 Know your community
- Area selection
- Entry to the
community
- Integration with
The community
- Community
study
- Spotting
potential
- Indigenous
Leaders
- Core group
formation
Key Points to Remember….

Emphasize that the community study is to collect information for the

following reasons

 To assess the health status of the population in order to identify

public health problems and needs.
 To allocate resources.
 To evaluate the progress and effectiveness of public health
programme.
 To determine factors that may explain the causation and control of
diseases.

Presentation of Health Information..

Narrative- textual method of presentation, the data is simply

narrated.

Tabular- provide a compact way of presenting large sets of detailed

information. They readily pointed out trends and comparisons as well
as show interrelationship among many which may not apparent in a.

Graphical- more effective tools in the delivering specific messages

than tables. It shows trends or patterns in large data sheet,
comparisons can be close.
 What is Primary Health Care?
THE CONCEPT
PHILOSOPHY Based on values

 Health as fundamental human right

 Health as individual collective responsibility
 Health as equal opportunity
 Health as an essential element of socio-economic development
 Gender sensitive/responsive
 Preferential option for the vulnerable
SERVICES that include
STRUCTURE that is
the part of the  Education
health care system  Food supply and
that takes place in PHC nutrition
the community  Safe water and
sanitation
 MCH care and family
planning
 Immunization
 Disease prevention and
control
 Treatment of common
diseases.
 Essential drugs

TRANSLATED INTO ACTION THROUGH

 Partnership with the community

THE APPROACH  Intersectoral coordination
 Appropriate technology
 Suitable health manpower
 Self-reliance
 Equitable distribution of health resources
 Appropriate health System infrastructure
TO ACHIEVE HEALTH FOR ALL THAT IS

THE GOAL
 Accessible to everyone
 Acceptable and affordable to everyone
 Based in the community or work place
 Activity 3 - COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT ON HEALTH

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Time : 2 hours

Methods : Group discussion

Materials : News print, markers

Procedure : 1. State the objective of activity

2. Ask the students, who are the indigenous leaders in the community and what are
their roles in community health

3. Ask the participants, what is a community health organization/who are the members
and it’s purpose of the organization?

4. Review on the following concepts as a start in discussing vulnerability and capacity

assessment towards community development.

5. Work shop on problem tree analysis ( Present problem tree analysis model)

6. Convene participants for plenary discussion and presentation

7. Ask for feedback and reactions

8. process and summarize what have been discussed in activity 3

Key Points to Remember

Indigenous Community Leaders

 Traditional healers
 Religious leaders
 Community elders
 Others with the following criteria
-comes from the poor sector of the community
and is directly engaged in economic production
-Must possess integrity and credibility
-is receptive to change
-Must have an analytical and critical mind
-Must be able to communicate effectively
-Must be interested in the upliftment of his
community

CORE GROUP FORMATION- is the laying down of

foundation of a strong organization, brought about by
bringing together several indigenous leaders to exchange
knowledge and insights toward a deeper understanding
of the dynamics of the community.

VCA STEPS

1. Identifying potential “threats”

2. Identifying vulnerabilities
3. Assessing people’s capacities to prevent or cope
with the threats.
PROBLEM FORMULATION

 Is not the absence of the solution, but an existing

negative state
 Is a difficulty or obstacle seen to exist between a
present situation and a desired future objective
 Perceived gap between what is and what should
be

COMMUNITY- is a group of people, living in the same

environment and sharing resources. These people have
common problems, concerns, hopes and ways of
behavior which give them a sense of belonging to each
other. A community also has leaders, ways of
communicating ideas and activities , rules and ways of
dividing work and participating in functions that are vital
to each members.

COMMUNITY BASED- is an approach which enables

communities to have control over the resources and the
environment in which they live. Communities are able to
identify and set priorities for their needs. Determine
solution: they plan, carry out, evaluate and strengthen
problems so that these can be sustained and the
community can become more self reliant.
DEVELOPMENT- in the MCNP College of Nursing is a dynamic
process, where by communities and individuals grow stronger,
able to enjoy fuller and more productive lives and become less
vulnerable to disasters. Emphasis is on the improvement of the
quality of life, on the participation by all members of
community in the development process and it’s benefits, on
equitable sharing of resources and on the conversation of the
environment.

COMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENT- is the process whereby

vulnerability is reduced and self reliance is increased,
determined by the self, identification of needs, priorities,
evaluation and strengths and weaknesses of the group of
people involved- in order to act on this idea or concept,
appropriate projects must be set up together with a goal of
strengthening capability leading to self- reliance.
Activity 4 - PLANNING WITH COMMUNITY (CO-PAR)

Time : 4 Hours

Methods : Group Work/ Group Discussion

Materials : News print, Marker.

Procedure : 1. State purpose of Activity 4 as a continuation of activity 3.

2. Start the introductory discussion

3. Formulate a Community Health Action Plan based on the problems identified.

(review on the steps in planning) refer to the table below and present the plan using
this format.

Health Objectives Activities/Strategies Target Resources Responsible Evaluation

Problem Date needed person indicator

4. Convene participants for plenary presentation and discussion

5. Ask participants for comments and reactions on the presentation. Summarize and
review activity 4 for discussion.

6. Discuss the important key points

Key Points to Remember

 Working with the community should always carry management

functions of planning, implementing and evaluation.
 The planning function of the health team deals mainly with
decisions about objectives, activities and resources by
systematically considering what, where, when, how much and
how the team will perform.
 Planning is the best shared by all team members and the
representatives of the community.
 Five steps in planning functions:
1. Looking for a situation
2. Recognizing problem
3. Setting objectives
4. Reviewing obstacles
5. Scheduling activities

SETTING OBJECTIVES- is a positive steps toward including health.

OBJECTIVE- is intended result or achievement of a program activity

CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTIVES

 Relevant- fits in with general health policy or relates to the

problem to be solved or reduced
 Feasible- if it can be achieved, resources are available and the
obstacles can be overcome.
 Observable- when it’s achievement can be seen or measured
 Measurable- when the outcomes or result can be stated in
numbers.

SMART- specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic and time- bound

OBJECTIVES- are essential for making plans and evaluating results

OBJECTIVE FORMULATION

Development Objective- main overall objective that the project-

programme is meant to be distribute:

 It represents a sufficient justification for the project

 It is not to ambitious
 The target are explicitly defined
 It is expressed as a desired end, not as a means ( a process)
 It does not contain two or more objectives

Immediate Objectives- set a out the operational purpose i.e the

situation that is expected to prevail as a consequence of the project.

 It consist of one single objective

 It can be expected to contribute significantly to the
fulfillment of the development objective
 It is realistic i.e it is likely to occur once the project outputs
have been produced
 It is outside the immediate control of the project itself
 It is precisely and verifiably defined

OPERATIONAL TARGETS are steps towards an objective. (activities,

popn and periods)