4 D;k yack D;k NksVk

,d ckj ykyh vius firk dh nqdku ij lkeku csp jgh FkhA rHkh ogk¡ ,d fdlku
jLlh [kjhnus vk;kA
D;k eq>s 7 gkFk jLlh
nksxh\

;g jgh 7 gkFk
jLlhA

ysfdu ;g rks osQoy

6 gkFk yach gSA
yks vius gkFk dks bl jLlh
ls ukiksA fiQj ml yackbZ dk
7 xquk ys yksA

rc fdlku us vius gkFk dks jLlh ls ukik vkSj

ykyh us ml jLlh dk 7 xquk fdlku dks ns fn;kA
rqe viuh ek¡ dk gkFk vkSj viuk gkFk ukiksA muesa
D;k varj gS\
cPpksa dks bl ckr osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk, fd os vius ifjos'k esa ekStwn vyx&vyx ph”kksa dk voyksdu djsa vkSj
ns[ksa fd mudh yackb;ksa dks vyx&vyx LFkkuh; ;k xSj&ekudho`Qr bdkb;ksa ls oSQls ukirs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, µ jLlh]
ekyk ;k diM+ksa tSlh ph”kksa dks vdlj ckfy'r] gkFk Hkj ;k vaxqy bR;kfn osQ ”kfj, uki dj cspk tkrk gSA fofHkUu yackb;ksa
vkSj nwfj;ksa dks mUgsa vius 'kjhj osQ vaxksa osQ ”kfj, ukius nsuk pkfg,A

46
 lkspks fdrus\

❋ Mksjth fdrus dneksa esa lM+d

ikj dj tk,xk\

❋ esT+k ij bl drkj esa fdrus

di j[ks tk ldrs gSa\

❋ isM+ dh Vguh rd igq¡pus osQ

fy, ,d osQ mQij ,d fdrus
?kM+s j[kus gksaxs\

❋ bl rkj ij fdrus diM+s Vk¡xs

tk ldrs gSa\

47
,d lsaVhehVj fdruk gksrk gS\

ekfpl dh rhyh 4 lsaVhehVj yach gSA

ikls dk gj fdukjk 1 lsaVhehVj dk gSA
fNidyh 13 lsaVhehVj yach gSA
iÙkh lsaVhehVj yach gSA
ekseh jax (oszQ;ksu) lsaVhehVj yack gSA
vc T;ksesVªh ckWDl okyk LosQy yks vkSj mls x+kSj ls ns[kksA blesa fdrus
lsaVhehVj gaS\

48
 ftl NksVs LosQy dks rqe LowQy esa vDlj bLrseky esa ykrs gks og oqQN ,slk gSA

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

D;k 0 osQ fu'kku ls ukiuk T+;knk vklku gS\ LosQy osQ ikl cukbZ xbZ ph”kkas dks
ns[kks vkSj mudh yackbZ crkvksA
❋ LosQy esa fn[kkbZ xbZ NksVh&NksVh ykbuksa dk D;k&D;k bLrseky gksrk gSA
❋ vius vklikl ns[kks vkSj oqQN phT+ksa <w¡<+ks µ
❋ tks djhc 10 lsaVhehVj yach gksa
❋ ftudh yackbZ 10 ls 20 lsaVhehVj osQ chp gks
❋ ftudh yackbZ 1 lsaVhehVj ls de gks
❋ vc buesa ls oqQN osQ fp=k ;gk¡ cukvks pwgs! rqe dgk¡
gks\

eSa
;gk¡
gw¡

49
esjk gkFk fdruk yack\
vius v¡xwBs vkSj viuh lcls NksVh
m¡xyh dh yackbZ dks ukiksA bl iUus
ij fn, x, LosQy dk bLrseky
djksA
dkSu ”;knk yack gS\ v¡xwBk ;k
NksVh m¡xyh\
viuh d{kk esa yackbZ ukius okyk
,d I+kQhrk ysdj vkvksA
vius 'kjhj osQ vyx&vyx fgLlksa dh yackbZ dk vankT+kk yxkvksA uki dj ns[kks
D;k rqEgkjk vankTk+k lgh gSA rqe /kxk] LosQy] yackbZ ukius okys I+kQhrs vkfn dk
bLrseky dj ldrs gksA

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

lkspks µ vxj rqe fdlh ph”k dh yackbZ dks jLlh] twrs osQ I+kQhrs ;k /kxs
ls ukirs gks rks oSQls irk pysxk fd og phT+k fdrus lsaVhehVj
dh gS\

50
 esjk uki esjs nksLr dk uki

ukd lsaVhehVj lsaVhehVj

dykbZ dk ?ksjk lsaVhehVj lsaVhehVj
flj dk ?ksjk lsaVhehVj lsaVhehVj
dku lsaVhehVj lsaVhehVj
gkFk (chp okyh m¡xyh lsaVhehVj lsaVhehVj
ls dykbZ rd)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
vius uki dks vius nksLr osQ uki osQ
11
12
13
14

lkFk j[kdj ns[kks 15

✒ fdldk flj lcls cM+k gS vkSj

fdldk flj lcls NksVk\
]
✒ fdldk gkFk lcls yack gS (chp
okyh m¡xyh ls dykbZ rd)\

✒ dkSu T+;knk yack gS\ rqEgkjk dku

;k rqEgkjh ukd\ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

✒ D;k rqEgkjs fdlh Hkh uk[kwu dh

yackbZ 1 lsaVhehVj ls T+;knk gS\

51
fxcyh vkSj phuh osQ nkus
fxcyh phaVh dks nkuksa rd ig¡qpuk gSA og lcls NksVs jkLrs ls ig¡qpuk pkgrh gSA
D;k rqe crk ldrs gks fd lcls NksVk jkLrk dkSu lk gksxk\

rk d
jkL

jkLrk [k

jkLrk x

jkLrk ?k

D;k rqe ,d ,slk jkLrk cuk ldrs gks tks bu lcls NksVk gks\ ml jkLrs dh yackbZ
D;k gS\

cPpksa dks ehVj dk vankTk+k tkuh&igpkuh ph”kksa osQ laca/ esa djokuk T+k:jh gS tSls mudh viuh yackbZA ctk, blosQ
fd os lsaVhehVj dks ehVj esa cnyus dk tfVy vH;kl djsaA bl Lrj ij cPps cM+h bdkb;ksa tSls fdyksehVj tSlh bdkbZ
dks laHkor% u le> losaQA mUgsa izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg, fd os fdyksehVj tSlh cM+h bdkb;ksa dk bLrseky dgkfu;ksa
;k vius vuqHkoksa dks lqukus osQ lanHkZ esa djsaA vkxjs dk uD'kk ,d ,slk vH;kl gS ftlesa nks cPpksa osQ ml 'kgj esa
?kweus osQ vuqHko dks fy;k x;k gSA uD'kk i<+us vkSj cukus osQ fy, cPPkksa esa dbZ dkS'ky fodflr djus dh ”k:jr
gksrh gSA blesa dbZ lky yxrs gSaA bl uD'ks ls ifjfpr laosQr fpg~uksa vkSj fdyksehVj esa nwjh ukius dk vH;kl djkus
dh osQoy ,d 'kq#vkr dh xbZ gSA

52
ehVj fdruk gksrk gS\ vius oqQrsZ osQ fy, 2
ehVj diM+k yksA
eSa ,d yack oqQrkZ
,d ehVj 100 lsaVhehVj osQ cjkcj gksrk gS cuokuk pkgrk gw¡A

d
vkSj esjs fy, u,kus rqEgsa 3 ehVj dh
yach LdVZ chVj
esa fdrus e ”k:jr gksxh!
yxxs k\

pyks ,d ehVj dh jLlh cuk,¡

rqeus nqdkunkjksa dks ,d ehVj jkWM ls diM+k ukirs gq, ns[kk gksxkA
✒ ,d ehVj dh viuh jLlh cukus osQ
fy, ,d ehVj jkWM vkSj ,d
jLlh dk bLrseky djksA
✒ jLlh osQ ,d fljs ij ,d xk¡B ck¡/ yksA
✒ ehVj jkWM dks jLlh osQ lkFk j[kksA
✒ jLlh ij 1 ehVj dk fu'kku cukvks vkSj ,d xk¡B
yxkvksA
✒ vc bu nks xk¡Bksa osQ chp dh yackbZ 1 ehVj gqbZA ;g gqbZ rqEgkjh ehVj dh jLlhA
vxj rqEgsa ehVj jkWM u feys rks rqe ukius okys I+kQhrs dk bLrseky djksA jLlh ij
100 lsaVhehVj dk fu'kku yxkvksA 100 lsaVhehVj ,d ehVj osQ cjkcj gksrs gSaA

53
 vank”kk yxkvks vkSj tk¡pks

xfrfof/ 1
❈ oqQN ,slh ph”ksa <w¡<+ks tks fd 1 ehVj yach fn[krh gksaA
❈ ehVj okyh jLlh dk bLrseky djosQ crkvks fd buesa ls dkSu lh ph”k ,d ehVj
ls T+;knk ;k de yach gSA

ph”kksa osQ uke 1 ehVj ls 1 ehVj ls

”;knk de
es”k dh yackbZ µ µ
es”k dh pkSM+kbZ µ µ
njok”ks dh pkSM+kbZ µ µ
njok”ks dh yackbZ µ µ
µ µ
µ µ
µ µ

xfrfof/ 2
d{kk 3 osQ oqQN cPpksa us 1 ehVj
dk fu'kku viuh d{kk dh nhokj
ij cuk;k FkkA
rqe Hkh viuh d{kk dh nhokj ij
1 ehVj dk fu'kku cuk ldrs gksA

54
vc vius&vius nksLrksa dh yackb;ksa dk ,d pkVZ cukvksA
lsaVhehVj dks ukius osQ fy, rqe vius NksVs LosQy dk bLrseky dj ldrs gksA
uke 1 ehVj ls 1 ehVj ls fdrus
yack@NksVk@cjkcj lsaVhehVj de ;k T+;knk

'kEHkq yack 4 lsaVhehVj

eSa Hkh ns[k¡w fd D;k

vjs okg! eSa 1 ehVj ls
eSa ,d ehVj ls
4 lsaVhehVj T+;knk g¡w
T+;knk yach g¡w
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

55
lsaVhehVj ;k ehVj\
buesa ls fdldh yackbZ lsaVhehVj esa gksxh vkSj fdldh ehVj esa\

❈ dEI;wVj LØhu dh pkSM+kbZ

❈ ml ixM+h dh yackbZ tks fl[k igurs gSa

❈ 1 lky osQ cPps dh yackbZ

❈ osQys dh yackbZ

❈ ,d gkFkh dh dej dk ?ksjk

❈ xUus dh mQ¡pkbZ

❈ dq,¡ dh xgjkbZ

❈ rqEgkjh ek¡ dh yackbZ

❈ d{kk ls LowQy osQ izos'k }kj dh nwjh

❈ rqEgkjs firk osQ gkFk dh yackbZ

pyks vkxjk pysa

eSjh vkSj ckbZpqax vius ifjokj osQ lkFk vkxjk tk jgs FksA os vkxjk oSQaV jsyos LVs'ku
ij mrjsA fjD'ks esa cSBs vkSj rktegy igq¡psA rhu ?kaVs ogk¡ [kwc eT+kk fd;kA fiQj
fjD'kk fy;k vkSj igqp¡ x, vkxjs dk fdyk ns[kusA nksigj dks mUgksua s ,d cl idM+h
vkSj iQrsgiqj lhdjh dh vksj py iM+sA

56
 vkxjs dk uD'kk

ckcjiq
j taxy

vkxjk fdyk
h
kun
u
q
;e
vksj
hdh
j lhd j
giq
Qrs rkteg
y
rkt
taxy
jsyos
LVs’k
u
¼vk
xjkNkouh½

vc bu txgksa osQ chp dh nwfj;ksa dks ns[kks µ

❖ vkxjk oSQaV jsyos LVs'ku ls rktegy µ 5 fdyksehVj
❖ rktegy ls vkxjk fdyk µ 2 fdyksehVj
❖ vkxjk fdyk ls I+kQrsgiqj lhdjh µ 40 fdyksehVj
vc uD'ks dks ns[kdj irk yxkvksA
❖ jsyos LVs'ku ls ”;knk nwj D;k gS µ rktegy ;k I+kQrsgiqj lhdjh
;g fu'kku jsy&iVjh osQ fy, gSA
dkSu lh txg jsy dh iVjh osQ ”;knk ikl gS %
❖ ckcjiqj taxy ;k rkt taxy\
❖ vkxjk fdyk ;k rktegy\
;equk unh osQ ”;knk u”knhd D;k gS%
❖ rktegy ;k jsyos LVs'ku\

57
lgh yackbZ ls feykvks
vuqeku yxkvks fd buesa ls dkSu lh ph”k fdl yackbZ osQ lkFk lgh cSBrh gSA ykbu
[khap dj feyku djksA

,d osQapq, dh 2 fdyksehVj
yackbZ

5 ehVj
,d cPps dh
yackbZ

10 lsaVhehVj
m¡xqyh osQ uk[kwu
dh pkSM+kbZ

lkM+h dh
yackbZ 1 lsaVhehVj
LowQy
?kj

27

?kj ls LowQy 1 ehVj

25
dh nwjh

58
 fdldh iw¡N lcls cM+h
bl rLohj esa fn[kk, x, tkuojksa osQ
chp ,d eqdkcyk gqvkA r; fd;k
x;k fd ftl tkuoj dh iw¡N lcls
yach gksxh mls buke feysxkA vc
rqEgsa D;k yxrk gS fd buesa ls igyk
buke fdldks feysxk] vkSj nwljk
fdldks\ ”kjk vank”kk yxkvks fd tks
iw¡N lcls yach gS mldh yackbZ D;k
gksxh\

D;k esjh Hkh

iw¡N gS\

59