FOREIGN LANGUAGE Spanish that goes beyond the textbook! So you want to be en /a onda (in the sound wave—with it) with everyday Spanish, but feel como cocodrilo en fabrica de carteras (like a crocodile in a wallet factory—afraid) that you'll meter la pata (put in the paw—put your foot in your mouth)? Then péngase las pilas (insert your batteries—get going) with Streetwise Spanish! From Miami to Madrid, from San Juan to Santiago, Streetwise Spanish brings you the dynamic, exuberant language that is spoken across the Hispanic world. With its thirty natural, down-to- earth dialogues—each focused on practical language functions— Suite Sela Me rele Remeron med ole Cae and current slang that you'll want to use. There's also a sprinkling of more colorful terminology, should the occasion demand it! Contextual usage and regional variations are clearly explained, cartoons and jokes provide an authentic flavor of Hispanic humor, and exercises help learners practice their informal Spanish. In addition, feature articles discuss how cultural attitudes influence the use of colloquial language. Whether you're a student, businessperson, or tourist, you'll love enriching your Spanish with the vibrant language usually enjoyed LAREN VoRS elt ee Leno ISBN 51495 PASSPORT BOOKS NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group 001i MNssnys mamma a ee a — Speak and Understand Everyday Spanish Mary MeVey Gill Brenda Wegmann with illustrations by Norma Vidal 6 PASSPORT BOOKS NTC/Contemporary Publishing GroupLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wegmann, Brenda, 1941— ‘Streetwise Spanish : speak and understand everyday Spanish / Brenda Wegmann and Mary McVey Gil. p. om ISBN 0-8442-7281-7 1. Spanish language—Conversation and phrase books—English. 2. Spanish language—Slang. |. Gill, Mary McVey. I. Title. PC4121.W38 1998 468.3'421—dc21 98-10556 cIP Published by Passport Books A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies Copyright © 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distrib- uted in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 67890 LBMLBM 109876543 ISBN 0-8442-7281-7 This book was set in Bembo Printed and bound by Lake Book Manufacturing Cover design by Nick Panos Cover photograph copyright © David Barnes/Tony Stone Images Interior design by Precision Graphics McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premi- ums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore. This book is printed on acid-free paper. WE DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO ALL OUR MARVELOUS LATIN AMERICAN AND SPANISH FRIENDS WHO BRIGHTEN OUR LIVES WITH THEIR CHISPA AND CONTINUE TO TEACH US THE MEANING OF LA SIMPATIA.ILLUSTRATION CREDITS All illustrations are by Norma Vidal, with the following exceptions: page 5, advertisement courtesy of Mexican Tourist Board page 10, cartoon by Hugo Diaz from his book Diaz todos los dias, published by Editorial El Bongo, S.A., Costa Rica pages 41, 42, 43, 75, 145, 216, and 217, cartoons by Manuel Héctor Falcén from his book Cascajo, published by Cal y Arena, Mexico page 71, Honda advertisement courtesy of Automotores (SAVA) page 107, cartoon by Antonio Mingote from his book Los inevitables politicos page 113, cartoon by “Forges” from Spanish d la Cartoon, Passport Books page 144, cartoon by “Tin-Glao” from Spanish d la Cartoon, Passport Books page 184, cartoon by Oscar Sierra Quintero (“Oki”) from Spanish a la Cartoon, Passport Books page 247, TWA advertisement courtesy of Trans World Airlines Acknowledgments A big thank you goes to Jim Harmon and Christopher Brown of NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group for their inspiration, support, and excellent direction of this book, and to our artist, Norma Vidal, for her inventiveness and many fine suggestions concerning language and culture. We also want to express our heartfelt appreciation to the following people who so generously shared with us their extensive knowledge of idioms, slang, and culture during many hours of laughter and stimulating conversa~ tion: Frank Alom4, Ana Aloma Velilla, Adriana Alvarez, José Jaime Alvarez, Luz Adriana Alvarez, Ana Arcos, Cristina Canta Diaz, Ingrid de la Barra de Mufioz, Sofia Dominguez de Malvarez, Juan Espinaco-Virseda, Dolores Fernandez, Lucilda Flores, Nidia Gonzalez Araya, Ivan H. Jiménez Williams, Graciela Lam, Llanca Letelier, Naldo Lombardi, Maria Lopez, Yolanda Magafia, Annie Ordénez, Susana Singer, and Maria Teresa Varese. Thanks also to our project editor at NTC/Contemporary, Sharon Sofinski, for her very competent handling of the production of the book.Contents Introduction xiii CHAPTER 1: jHota, compa! ZQuE ONDA? 2 Greeting people * Asking how they are ¢ Telling how you feel CHAPTER 2: No TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 16 Complaining about the weather and unfair treatment * Giving someone a piece of your mind Vocabulary and Culture: “Chilenismos” and Other Expressions of Spanish Diversity 29 CHAPTER 3: iVAMOs A vaciLaR! 34 Making, accepting, and declining invitations CHAPTER 4: OlGA, SENORA, {DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 48 Getting someone’s attention * Asking politely for information * Understanding directions * Introducing yourself Vocabulary and Culture: It Had to Be (Singular, Plural, Formal, Intimate, Sexual) You! 61 CHapTER 5: PorFA... 66 Asking for a favor * Convincing or persuading someone to do something Understanding short forms of words and expressions Repaso 1: Review or CHAPTERS 1-5 81x CONTENTS CHAPTER 6: {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 86 - Giving and accepting compliments and praise * Gossiping Vocabulary and Culture: Names in Spain and Latin America 98 CHapTeR 7: {Qué BARBARO! 104 Telling a story * Expressing surprise CHAPTER 8: jJUNTOS PERO NO REVUELTOS! 120 Expressing love and affection * Using terms of endearment # Using the telephone Vocabulary and Culture: Talking about Sex 132 CHAPTER 9: {QUIEN ES ESE TIPO, EL PALANCON? 136 Describing people CHAPTER 10: {QUE COCHINADAS HACEN! 152 Using expletives and swear words to express affection, surprise, or displeasure * Communicating in slang across two different dialects Vocabulary and Culture: The Varying Uses of Spanish Swear Words 166 Repaso 2: REVIEW OF CHAPTERS 6-10 172 Cuapter 11: jDEjATE DE CUENTOS! 176 Expressing disagreement CHAPTER 12: CUENTE USTED CONMIGO 190 Giving encouragement, advice, and emotional support * Expressing sympathy Vocabulary and Culture: Some Expressive Qualities of Spanish 202 CHapTER 13: jESTOY HASTA LA MADRE! 208 Expressing anger CONTENTS xi CHAPTER 14: SE ME ANTOJAN UNAS TAPAS 224 Expressing likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences * Starting a conversation * Changing the subject Vocabulary and Culture: Colorful Language in Spain 238 CHAPTER 15: {BUEN PROVECHO! 244 Ordering in a restaurant or bar * Making a toast Repaso 3: Review or Cuapters 11-15 258 Answers to Exercises 263 Spanish-English Glossary 273Introduction —jHola, compa! ¢Qué onda? (—Hi, pal! What sound wave?) (Uh, oh... What ever happened to ¢Cémo esté Ud.?) Language is the key to culture. But a formal study of Spanish from text- books and classrooms touches on only a small part of the dynamic, color- ful, exuberant language spoken today on the street, at home, in the movies, on TV, over the Internet, between lovers, and in cafés and clubs all over the Hispanic world. Much of what people really say is slang, and as such it has been considered substandard and excluded from formal study. Not any longer. Streetwise Spanish offers a simple and enjoyable teach- yourself method for learning to understand and use many of the practical, amusing slang expressions and idioms of the world’s most user-friendly international language. Different from other books, which present idioms and expressions alphabetically or mixed together, Streetwise Spanish uses a functional approach, with each chapter concentrating on a few related language functions, such as “Making, accepting, and declining invitations” or “Expressing love and affec- tion.” Research has shown that we memorize and retain vocabulary better if we learn it in meaningful chunks related to specific needs. These functions are like hooks that hold together the words in our minds. Like English, Spanish is a major medium for business, art, and science and is widely used around the globe. Many expressions are particular to certain regions, although with the expansion of travel, music, television, and the movie industry, a great convergence is occurring at present so that slang words that were once understood only in Mexico are now recognized and used in Chile or Spain, for example. To help you to understand and master the Spanish that is really spo- ken and enjoyed by Latin Americans and Spaniards, Streetwise Spanish offers the following features: Functional dialogues. Fifteen chapters, each one containing two functional dialogues that are situated in a particular part of thexiv INTRODUCTION Spanish-speaking world (including two placed in Spain). These include between 30 to 50 highlighted idioms and slang expressions. English translations of the dialogues with literal meanings in parentheses. , Vocabulary notes in a section called ;Ojo! (Take note!, literally , jEye)) at the end of each dialogue with detailed explanations of the idioms and slang from the dialogues, along with comparable or con- 4 trasting expressions used in other Spanish-speaking countries or regions. Vocabulary list for easy reference immediately preceding the exercises. A variety of exercises following the dialogues to test your recollection and aid your mastery. Authentic jokes and cartoons from many corners of the Hispanic world. Original drawings by Chilean illustrator Norma Vidal show- ing a humorous portrayal of a key idiom for each chapter. Vocabulary and Culture, a short essay on a cultural theme, such as “Names in Spain and Latin America” or “The Varying Uses of Spanish Swear Words.” These readings discuss how cultural atti- tudes are often reflected in the very words we use. They appear at the end of all even-numbered chapters and are followed by a short exercise. Repasos (Review Sections) following every five chapters, each one with a crossword puzzle and several other exercises. Answer Key at the end of the book, with answers for all exercises in the chapters and review sections. A Spanish-English Glossary at the end of the book, containing the highlighted idioms and slang expressions from all fifteen chapters. Finally, we wish you ;Buena suerte! (Good luck!) with your adventure into Spanish slang. ;Que lo pase bomba! (Have a heck of a time!). CAPITULO 1. j Hola, compa! ; Qué onda? GREETING PEOPLE ASKING HOW THEY ARE TELLING HOW YOU FEEL [_Conversacion 1 jHoa, compa! ;QUE ONDA? COMO COCODRILO EN FABRICA DE CARTERAS (SEE PAGE 6.) 3 Rafael y Juan se ven en la calle Olvera de Los Angeles, California. RAFAEL Hola, compa. gCémo te va? JUAN Bien. zY ta? Qué onda? RAFAEL Pues, no me siento muy bien que digamos. JUAN = ¢¥ eso? RaragL Es que anoche fui a un reventén de primera y echamos mucho relajo. JUAN Y ademas, la cruda, :no? RaFAEL No, hombre, no estoy erudo. Pero estoy rendido, hecho pinole. La fiesta fue a toda madre. JUAN — :Habia muchas rucas alli? RAFAEL — j{Cémo no! Via Silvia . . . Silvia Padilla, Juan Oh, la amiga de Elena. ;Qué padre! Rafael and Juan see each other on Olvera Street in Los Angeles, California, RAFAEL Hi,-pal. How are things going for you? JuaN Good. And you? What's new? (What sound wave?) RAFAEL — Well, let’s just say I don't feel so good. Juan — And why’s that? RAFAEL Last night I went to a first-class bash (blowout of first) and we had a blast (we threw off or made a rumpus). JUAN And now you have a hangover (the rawness), eh? RaFazL No, man, I’m not hung over. But I’m wiped (pressed) out, ground down (made into a powder). The party was fantastic (at full mother). JuaN — Were there many girls there? RaragL Yeah, I saw Silvia . . . Silvia Padilla. Juan — Oh, Elena’s friend. Fantastic! (What a father!)4 CapiTULO UNO RAFAEL Si, es muy simpatica. Y ta, gqué me cuentas? JUAN Por aqui trabajando. Nada de nuevo. Rafael, te dejaron bien amolado, :no? ;Te ves horrible! —_ jOjo!* + Compa is short for compadre, a close male friend. P + ¢Qué onda? means What wave? (that is, sound wave, news). In some places, it is more common to say ¢Qué ondas? * Un reventén is literally a “cracking up,” bursting, or blowout (as a tire). + La cruda (rawness): There are many words for hung over. estar de goma (to be made of rubber, Central America); tener resaca (to have undertow, Argentina and Uruguay); estar enguayabado(-a) or tener guayabo (to have a guava tree, Colombia); tener la mona (to have the monkey, Chile), tener un ratén (to have a mouse, Venezuela), etc. Estar crudo(-a) or tener una cruda are common in Mexico and among Mexican-Americans. + Rendido(~a) means rendered; for instance, like olives have been ren- dered after the oil has been pressed out or fruits or vegetables after processing. Rendirse means to surrender. People of Mexican origin often say Estoy hecho pinole, ground down like a powder (pinole is an aromatic powder that used to be used in making chocolate). + A toda madre (ATM) means good, fantastic. + Una ruca isa girl (often a pretty girl) or a woman; the expres~ sion is used in most of Latin America except the Southern Cone. + {Qué padre! or ;Padrisimo! are common Mexicanisms meaning Great! Fantastic! They are used in many situations, to describe things or people. + Por aqui (trabajando, estudiando, etc.) is often used to indi- cate that things are the same, that nothing is new. In Mexico, you might also hear Aqui noms. *Be aware. (Eye!) jHota, compa! ¢Qué ONDA? 5 Raraet Yeah, she’s really nice. And you, what have you been up to (what can you tell me)? JuAN I’ve just been working. Nothing new. Rafael, they wore you to a frazzle, didn't they? (They left you ruined/a wreck, didn't they?) You look horrible! ed Mis vacaciones en México estuvieron padrisimas. Mi primo Javier me iQue Padre Es ' MEXIC8 eS E Ey 5 ii SEAL and padrisimo: Mis vacaciones en México estuvieron padrisimas. (My vacation in This ad for tourism in Mexico uses two very common Mexican expressions: (Qué padre! Mexico was fantastic.)6 CapiTULO UNO [Conversacion 2 Silvia y Elena se encuentran en un café en la calle Olvera. SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA jOjo! {Qui bole! ;Cémo estas, *manita? Estoy agiiitada. Tuve una pelea con Eduardo hoy por la maiiana. Y tengo una entrevista de trabajo por la tarde. 2Es que buscas trabajo? Si, en el centro de computacién. Necesito lana. Pero la jefa alli es muy fufurufa. Se cree la muy muy. Asi que me siento nerviosa . . . No te agiiites, chica, que vas a salir bien en la entrevista, estoy segura. Pues, ahora me siento como cocodrilo en fibrica de carteras. Bueno, pero ti, :cémo ests? Bien. 2Qué onda con los chavos? De pelicula. :Qué crees? Anoche vi a Rafael. Rafael, zeh? Y gqué hicieron? Cuéntame, cuéntame. ;Te ves feliz como una lombriz! Encantada de la vida, ’manita. —__ iQui Gbole!, from Qué hibole, uses hubo, the past form of hay. It’s a common greeting, used something like ;Hola! Also heard is ;Qu’ubo! *Manita is from hermanita, little sister. Mano is often used to mean brother. jHo ra, compa! ;QUE ONDA? 7 Silvia an SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA SILVIA ELENA ‘SILVIA id Elena meet at a café on Olvera Street. What's up? How are you, ’manita? I'm upset (down, stressed). I had a fight with Eduardo this morning, And I have a job interview this afternoon. So you're looking for work? Yeah, in the computer center. I need money (wool). But the boss there is very stuck up. She thinks she’s hot stuff (the very very). So I’m nervous . . . Don't let yourself get down—you'll do well on the interview, I’m sure. Well, now I feel like a crocodile in a wallet factory, But anyway, how are you? Fine. How’s your love life? (What's happening with the guys?) Like a movie. Guess what. (What do you think?) I saw Rafael last night. Rafael, ch? What did you do? Tell me, tell me. You look happy as a lark (as a worm)! (I’m) On cloud nine (charmed or enchanted with life), *manita. —$——— Agiiitado(-a) means “down” (tired, low). No te agitites means Don’t let yourself get down. Lana: this expression survives from the day when there was great money to be made raising sheep in Nueva Espaiia. + Como cocodrilo en fabrica de carteras: Another expression for to be nervous is estar como perro en canoa, fo be like a dog in a canoe.8 CapiTULO UNO CHISTE Dos vascos se ven en un café. INAKI PATXI INAKI PATXI INAKI PATXI Pasan los aiios, Patxi se muere y al dia siguiente Iiaki oye una voz de ultratumba: PATXI INAKI PATXI INAKI PATXI INAKI PATXI jHola, Patxi! Qué tal? Meses de no verte. Cémo estis? Mas o menos. Y tii, zeémo te ha ido? Bien. Siéntate, Patxi . . . Oye, estaba pensando: en el cielo habri fronton? Ta, zqué crees? Pues yo creo que si, Ifiaki, porque si alli todo es perfecto, pues habré fronton. Oye, pues el primero que se muera que se lo diga al otro, zno? De acuerdo. Tiaaaaaki, Ifiaaaaaki, Ifiaaaaaki, soy Patxi, Patxi, jhola! Hombre, qué tal? ;Cémo estas? En la gloria, Ifaki. Mira, te tengo que dar dos noticias, una buena y otra mala. gLa buena? Que yo tenia razén, que hay un fronton magnifico, de ms de 60 metros de fondo. 2¥ la noticia mala? Que juegas mafiana a las 11:00. Tivo Basques (from northern Spain) see each other in a café. INAKI PaTXI INAKI PATXI Hi, Patxi! How are things? I haven't seen you for months. How are you? Okay (More or less). How’ve you been? Fine. Sit down, Patxi . . . Listen, I've been thinking: is there a jai alai court (frontén) in heaven? What do you think? Well, I think so, Ifiaki, because if everything is perfect there, there must be a frontén. INAKI PATXI jHOLA, COMPA! ;QUE ONDA? 9 Listen, then, the first one who dies will tell the other one, okay? Agreed. The years go by, Patxi dies, and the next day Iiaki hears a voice from beyond the tomb: PATXI INAKI PaTxI INAKI PATXI INAKI PATXI jOjo! Ifaaaki, Ifaaaki, Ifiaaaki. It’s me, Patxi. Patxi, hi. How are things, man? How are you? In seventh heaven (in my glory), Ifiaki. Look, I have to give you two pieces of news, one good and one bad. What's the good news? That I was right, there’s a magnificent frontén, more than 60 meters long. And the bad news? That you're playing tomorrow at 11:00. aa + Jai alai is often called la pelota vasca (Basque ball) because it originated in the Basque region in northern Spain. It’s a fast moving game played on a court (the frontén) with walls on three sides and a fourth side with wire netting that spectators watch through. The players catch and throw the ball in curved wicker baskets strapped to their arms; sometimes the ball travels up to eighty miles an hour. Betting is common in jai alai. + Qué tal? means How are things? It can be used with nouns: ¢Qué tal la fiesta? How is/was the party? ¢Qué tal las nifias? How are the girls? In Spain, one also hears gQué tal andas? + gCémo te ha ido? is like ;Cémo te va? but in a different tense: How have things gone for you? instead of How are things going for you? + Estar en la gloria means to be in seventh heaven, very happy or comfortable.10 CapituLo UNO VOCABULARIO DEL CAPITULO a toda madre agiiitado(-a) aqui nomas el chavo, la chava como cocodrilo en fabrica de carteras como perro en canoa zCémo te ha ido? great, fantastic (Mexico, Central America) “down,” tired, low (Mexico, Central America) (I'm) Just here—i.e., nothing is new. (Mexico, Central America) guy, girl (like a crocodile in a wallet factory) nervous (like a dog in a canoe) nervous (How has it gone for you?) How have you (ti) been? In Latin America, telenovelas, miniseries or soap operas, are very popular. Here Marcela asks how her friend Brigida has been. How does Brigida measure time? Not in weeks or months, but in telenovelas! (Hugo Diaz is a popular Costa Rican cartoonist.) © Hugo Diaz. Como te va? el compa la cruda de pelicula echar relajo encantado(-a) de la vida estar crudo(-a) estar de goma estar en la gloria feliz como una lombriz hecho(-a) pinole fufurufo(-a) la lana *mana (’manita) *mano (’manito) Mas o menos. No te agiiites. Oye (ta). padrisimo(-a) Por aqui (trabajando, estudiando). éQué crees? 2Qué me cuentas? 2Qué onda? jHoxa, compa! ;QUE ONDA? 11 (How’s it going for you?) How are you (ti)? close male friend (from compadre) (rawness) hangover (Mexico, Central America) like a movie, great (to throw off or make a rumpus) to have a blast (Mexico) charmed or enchanted with life, very happy (to be raw) to be hung over (Mexico, Central America) (to be made of gum, rubber) to be hung over (Central America) (to be in one’s glory) to be in seventh heav- en, on cloud nine happy as a lark (worm) ground down, exhausted (Mexico) stuck up (wool) money forms of hermana, sister (used to address a female friend) forms of hermano, brother (used to address a male friend) (More or less.) Okay. Don't let yourself (té form) get down, upset. (Mexico, Central America) Listen. Hey. fantastic, super (Mexico) Just here working, studying—i.e., nothing is new. (What do you [td] think?) Guess what? (What do you [td] tell me?) What's happening? (What sound wave?) What's happening?12 CapiTuLO UNO iQué padre! Qué tal? iQui Gbole! rendido(-a) un reventén de primera la ruca Se cree el (la) muy muy. Te dejaron bien amolado(-a). tener guayabo tener la mona tener resaca tener un ratén z¥ eso? (What a father!) Great! How fantastic! (Mexico) How are things? a greeting, like ;Hola! (rendered) exhausted (a blowout of first) a first-class bash (Mexico, Central America) girl, woman (most of Latin America except the Southern Cone) He (She) thinks he’s (she’s) hot stuff (the very very). (They left you [td] ruined, a wreck.) They wore you to a frazzle. (to have a guava tree) to be hung over (Colombia); also, estar enguayabado (to have the monkey) to be hung over (Chile) (to have undertow) to be hung over (Argentina, Uruguay, Spain) (to have a mouse) to be hung over (Venezuela) (And that?) What does that mean? jHota, compa! ;QUE ONDA? 13 jA USTED LE Tocal* A. Responda, por favor. Circle the appropriate response. Modelo: ;Qué onda con los chavos? a. Estoy rendido. De pelicula. © Qué cruda! 1. :Qui tibole? ;Cémo estis? a. No huele nada. b. Aqui nomis. c. zTienes lana? 2. Me siento como cocodrilo en fabrica de carteras. a. Calmate, pues. b. No seas tan agresivo. c. gPor qué estés de goma? 3. Estoy en la gloria. a. Si, te dejaron bien amolada. b. Asi que tienes la mona, eh? c. gPor qué estés tan contenta? 4. Hombre, jqué padre! a. Si, es muy fufurufo. b. De veras, es estupendo. c. Tampoco me gusta. 5. Como te ha ido? a. Bien, estoy hecho pinole. b. De pelicula, todo fantastico. c. A un revent6n de primera. ‘It’s your turn!14 CapiTULO UNO a jHota, compa! ;QUE ONDA? 15 6. Se cree la muy muy. a. Si, esta agiiitada b. :Qué crees? c. Si, se cree muy importante. p, :Cémo se dice ...? Write three ways to ask someone how things are going. B. Sinénimos. Match the synonyms, ht 1.a toda madre a, tener resaca pace Lech b. chicos — 3.chavos c. encantado de la vida — 4.reventén d. dinero — 5. feliz como una lombriz e. chica, mujer — 6.estar crudo f. amigo — 7.compa g. fiesta 8. ruca h. excelente C. ¥ ta, qué tal? Someone asks how you are. Give an appropriate response for each situation, choosing from expressions in this chapter. 1. You're very happy; everything is going well. 2. You're feeling great. 3. You're okay. 4. Nothing is happening; you've just been working. 5. You're hung over. 6. You're exhausted. 7. You're “down” (nervous, tired). il. CAPITULO 2 . No te hagas mala sangre COMPLAINING ABOUT THE WEATHER AND UNFAIR TREATMENT GIVING SOMEONE A PIECE OF YOUR MIND [_Conversacion 1 Jury Williams y su mujer Paz hacen cola en una oficina de gobierno en Santiago, Chile. Quieren hacer una queja por el exceso de impuestos que les cobraron. Jury Por la flauta que hace calor. {Se caen los patos asados! Paz La pura verdad y esta cola no avanza. ;Qué despelote! Hay tres fulanos y uno solo atiende a la gente. Estin alli co- puchando y no nos dan bola. ;Qué idiotas! Vamos a perder toda la tarde! Jury No te hagai mala sangre. Estos tramites redemoran. Paz — Mejor que no hablemos con el gallo de la barba. Es muy mala leche. 1k NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 17 SE CAEN LOS PATOS ASADOS. Jury Williams and his wife Paz are waiting in line (making a tail) at a government office in Santiago, Chile. They want to file a complaint for the extra taxes they were overcharged. Jury — Gee whiz (By the flute), it’s hot. You could fry an egg on the sidewalk (Roasted ducks are falling from the sky)! Paz Right you are (the pure truth), and this line (tail) is not mov- ing. What a mess (unravelling pile of balls)! Three so and so’s (fulanos) are there and only one is helping people. There they are gossiping (cupping it up) and they don't pay any attention (give a ball) to us. What idiots! We are going to waste (lose) the whole afternoon! JURY Don't get upset (make bad blood for yourself)! These office procedures (trémites) take a really long time. Paz It would be better not to talk with the guy (rooster) with the beard. He’s a real pill (very bad milk)!18 CapiTuLo pos Jury — :Cuil? 2Ese flaco como palo de escoba? Paz Si, lo recuerdo de la diltima vez. Tuvo un ataque de caspa y se mandé un discurso porque nos faltaba una estampilla en un documento. Es un sititico tal por cual. Jury — Bueno, cambiémonos a la otra cola por si las moscas .. . jOjo! a + No te hagas mala sangre is a plea to calm down and not get too angry (not to make your blood bad by getting stirred up) since the situation isn’t worth it. Here, the common Chilean usage of the vos form (as a substitute for the tt form) changes the verb from hagas to hagai. (See page 124 for more about vos forms.) * Cola (line or queue) means literally tail and probably originates because lines of people often wind around like an animal’s tail. To wait or get in line or to queue up is hacer cola. * Se caen los patos asados (Roasted ducks are falling out of the sky) is a common expression in Chile to complain that the weather’s too hot. iQué despelote! means What a mess! in Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Argentina, In Argentina, ;Qué burdel! or ;Qué quilombo! (What a bordello!) are also common. In Peru, it’s ;Qué laberinto! (What a maze!), in Costa Rica, {Qué zambrote! (What a Moorish party!) and in Spain, ;Qué foll6n! (What a ruckus!) The latter comes from the verb follar, which means to have sex, but the expression is not vulgar. However, the standard expression understood everywhere is {Qué lio! (What a bundle!) Fulano or fulana refers a bit pejoratively to someone you don't know. In English we might say That “so and so.” Fulano or fulana de tal means John or Jane Doe. To extend the reference to other unknowns, add mengano or zutano. * Copuchar is the common verb for to gossip in Chile and may derive from the word copa, which means wine glass (and by extension, any alcoholic drink), since it is often over a copa or two that gossiping takes place NOTE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 19 Jury Which one? That thin one who looks like a broomstick? paz Yes, I remember him from last time. He threw a fit (had a dandruff attack) and delivered a lecture because a stamp was missing on our document. He's an out-and-out (such for which) pretentious snob (sititico). Jury OK, let’s change to the other line just in case (just in case the flies). —__. * Tramites refers to the filling out of forms, standing in lines, or general procedures that must be done with papers in a bank, office, or business. There is no exact translation in English for this useful word. + Redemorar. Demorar means to take a long time and re- is an intensifying prefix, so redemoran means (they) are taking a really long time. (See page 202 for more on intensifiers.) mira ESA PATUDA CoN MINT FALDA20 CapiTULO Dos + Gallo. Animal names are common slang many countries. For example, in Chile any man can be referred to as a gallo (roost- ex). A common word for young people is cabros. Introverts lacking social skills are pavos(-as) (turkeys) or gansos(-as) (geese). Many other countries have similar uses. * Mala leche (bad milk) turns sour and a person described in this way is the kind who causes problems and conflicts for everyone. L Conversacion 2 La misma oficina, dos horas més tarde, Las colas casi no han avanzado. La gente empieza a perder la paciencia, y un funcionario llega para calmarlos. Paz {Mira a esa patuda con minifalda! Lleg6 recién y ya esta en la ventanilla. Jury — Y el palo de escoba le muestra los dientes, esta todo derretido con ella. SR.X {Qué ridiculo! El jefe esté mirando y hace Ia vista gorda. Jury — Y nosotros tenemos que comernos el buey. Sra. X Si, claro. Estamos aqui sudando la gota gorda y llega ella, moviendo el pote, y se coloca al frente como si nada. SRA.Y Eso no es justo. Voy a hablar con ella. (Se dirige a la sefiorita con la minifalda.) Ya pues, sefiorita, jum poco de respeto, por favor! Tiene que ponerse al final de la cola y esperar su turno como todos. SRTA.CON MINI 2Y quién es Ud. para meter la cuchara? Sra.X {Qué descaro! Tenemos que reclamar. FUNCIONARIO —_ Un momento, por favor. Su nombre, sefiorita? NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 21 In many places you also can say someone tiene mala leche, which means he or she is in a grouchy mood. * A sititico(-a) is an affected snob who tries to pretend he or she is upper-class but is not. This word seems to exist only in Chile. + Por si las moscas is a common humorous rephrasing of por si caso (just in case). The same office, two hours later. The lines have hardly advanced. People are beginning to lose patience and a government worker (functionary) comes over to calm them down. Paz Look at that pushy chick (ugly bigfoot) with the miniskirt! She just arrived and already she’s up at the counter (little window). Jury — And the broomstick is smiling all over at her (showing her his teeth). He’s completely in her power (melted by her). Mr. X — How ridiculous! The director is looking and pretending that he sees nothing (making the fat look). Jury — And we have to put up with it! Mrs. X Yeah, right. Here we are sweating it out (sweating the fat drop) and she comes along, moving her buns (rear) and is put at the front just like that (as if nothing). Mrs.Y That's not fair. I’m going to talk with her. (She goes over to the girl with the miniskirt.) Enough, now, miss, a little respect, please! You have to go to the end of the line and wait your turn like everyone else. GIRL IN MINI And who are you to butt in (put in your soup spoon)? Mrs. X What nerve! We have to make a complaint. FUNCTIONARY One moment please. Your name, miss?22 CapiTULO Dos SRTA. CON MINI FUNCIONARIO FUNCIONARIO jOjo! Teresa Wilson. Buenas tardes, sefiorita Wilson. Tenga la bondad de pasar por aqui SRA. Y — Probablemente la sefiorita es su polola SR.X jSeguro que tiene santos en la corte! Calma, sefiores. La sefiorita Wilson tiene una cita previa. Paz Claro, y los chanchos vuelan. ;Cufias! En este pais todo se arregla con cuiias. ee + Patudo(-a) (big-footed person) in Chile refers to someone who breaks the norms of respect or good manners; for example, the friend who enters your house and opens up your refrigerator without asking. The word derives from pata (which refers to the foot of an animal but is used comically for human feet) with the negative ending -udo, since patudos stick their feet in places where they don’t belong. (See page 203 for a discussion of negative and positive word endings.) In Venezuela, a person like this is a rajado(-a), literally, one who rips or tears. Hacer la vista gorda (to make the fat view) is to ignore some- one or something, looking straight past him or it, or in the other direction. Comernos el buey (to eat up the ox) means to tolerate or put up with a situation Poto is the Chilean term for what you usually land on when you fall down, equivalent to buttocks, butt, or buns in the US., or bum in Canada or the U.K. It is not as strong or vulgar as culo, NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE = 23 Teresa Wilson. GIRL IN MINI FUNCTIONARY — Good afternoon, Miss Wilson. Please be so kind as to step this way. Mrs.Y She's probably his sweetie (bumblebee). Mr.X __ For sure she has connections (saints at court)! FUNCTIONARY Calm down, ladies and gentlemen. Miss Wilson has a previously scheduled appointment. Paz Sure, that’s likely (and pigs fly). Connections (construc- tion supports)! In this country everything is arranged with connections. ———— ass, and is used in many contexts to indicate bottom such as when talking about the poto de la silla the bottom of the chair. In Mexico the word for this part of the anatomy is usually pompis, possibly from pompas, bubbles, as in pompas de jabén; in Argentina traste, and in many other places, trasero, both words from atras, behind or in back. Pololo(-a) (bumblebee) is a very Chilean word for boyfriend or girlfriend, called novio(-a) in most other places, and implies a steady romantic relationship. In Chile, to go with someone in this way is pololear (to buzz like bumblebees). Cuifias (literally small wooden props) means connections, the kind that get you in the door somewhere because you know the right people. It is a synonym in Chile for the term santos en la corte (saints at court), an obvious remnant from colonial times, which is used and understood in many countries. In Venezuela, to make the right connection for someone is hacerle la esquina (to make the corner for him or her).24 CapiTULO Dos VOCABULARIO DEL CAP{TULO el ataque de caspa los cabros, las cabras Claro, y los chanchos vuelan. la cola comerse el buey como si nada copuchar el culo las cufias dar bola a alguien Eso no es justo. estar todo(-a) derretido(-a) el fulano, la fulana el fulano or la fulana de tal el gallo hacer cola hacerle la esquina hacer la vista gorda mala leche mandarse un discurso meter la cuchara mostrar (ue) los dientes (dandruff attack) fit, tantrum (goats) kids (Chile, Peru) Right, and that’s likely (pigs fly). [sarcastic] (tail of an animal) line or queue of people waiting (to eat up the ox) to put up with some- thing you don’t like (like if nothing) just like that, as if there were no problem to gossip (Chile) ass [vulgar] (props, wedges) connections (social, politi- cal, etc.) (Chile) (to give the ball) to pay attention to some- one That is not fair (just). to be completely under the spell (melted) so and so (to refer to someone you don’t know) John or Jane Doe (rooster) guy (Chile, Peru, some parts of Central America) (to make a tail) to wait in line to get you (him, her) the right connections (Venezuela) (to do the fat look) to ignore (bad milk) conflictive or difficult person to deliver a sermon (speech) (to put in [your] soup spoon) to butt into someone else’s business (to show teeth) to smile No te hagas mala sangre. el palo de escoba patudo(-a) pololo(-a) los pompis por si las moscas por la flauta el poto la pura verdad {Qué burdel!, {Qué quilombo! iQué descaro! iQué despelote! jQué laberinto! {Qué lio! iQué zambrote! rajado(-a) redemorar los santos en la corte Se caen los patos asados. sititico(-a) sudar la gota gorda tal por cual NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 25, Don't get upset (make bad blood for your- self). (broomstick) person who is too skinny (ugly bigfoot) pushy or nervy person (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay) (bumblebee) sweetheart, steady boyfriend or girlfriend (Chile) buttocks, buns in the sense of rear end (Mexico) (for if the flies) just in case (Chile, Peru) (by the flute) gee whiz, good heavens rear end, butt, bottom (Chile) (pure truth) right you are (What a bordello!) What a mess! (Argentina, Uruguay) What nerve (brazenness)! (What an unravelling ball!) What a mess! (Chile, Uruguay, Argentina) (What a labyrinth!) What a mess! (Peru) (What a bundle!) What a mess! (used everywhere) (What a Moorish party!) What a mess! (Costa Rica) (ripper) pushy or nervy person (Venezuela) to take a really long time connections (saints at court) (Roasted ducks are falling.) It’s too hot. (Chile) affected and pretentious snob (Chile) (to sweat the fat drop) to sweat bullets, sweat it out (such for which) out-and-out, dyed-in-the- wool26 CapiTULO Dos Tenemos que reclamar. tener mala leche Tenga la bondad de .. . los tramites el trasero el traste un poco de respeto jA USTED LE Toca! We have to demand our rights. (to have bad milk) to be in a grouchy mood (Have the goodness of) Be so good as to . . . bureaucratic procedures rear end, bottom (bum in Canada and England) pot, dish, or pan (Mexico); rear end, back- side (in many other countries) a little respect A. Qué dicen realmente? Sometimes the literal meaning of an idiom is far away from the real meaning. Choose the response that best gives the real meaning. 1. Ese hombre es mala leche. a. criminal b. una persona conflictiva c. un individuo triste 2. El empleado le muestra los dientes a la muchacha. a. Esté enojado (angry). b. Esta sonriendo (smiling). c. Esta asustado (scared). 3. Caen los patos asados! a. Hace mucho calor. b. Es muy tarde. c. No nos gustan. 4. A veces tenemos que comernos el buey. a. trabajar mucho b. gozar de la vida c. aguantar la situacién NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 27 5, Seguro, y los chanchos vuelan. a. Lo que dice Ud. es muy probable. b. Lo que dice Ud. es posible. c. Lo que dice Ud. es una mentira. . Chilenismos. Choose the Chilean slang from the list for each of the standard words in italics. cola cufias escobas _pololear __reclamar copuchar despelote _gallos el poto _sititico 1. La oficina est4 mal organizada. |Qué lio 2. El hermano de Clara es un esnob pretencioso i 3. El jefe quiere andar de novio con su joven secre- taria. 4. Esos hombres no piensan en las consecuencias. 5. Miren la botella de vino. La base esta rota (roto). 6. Quiero charlar acerca de nuestros amigos. {Vamos a chismear ! 7. Tratan bien a Tomés en la compaiiia. Tiene santos en la corte - Palabras revueltas. Unscramble the letters to get each message. 1. She's really thin. She’s a lopa ed seboca. 2. They are ignoring what's going on: chena al sativ radog. 3. That isn't fair! On se tosuj! 4. Instead of minding his own business, he wants to reemt al churaca. wo . She was so upset. jEs oid nu qaueta ed pacas! 6. Juan is infatuated with Ana: tase doot idorreted noc alle28 CapiTULO Dos D. .Qué falta? Complete the expressions on the left. Then match them to their English equivalents on the right. 1. como si a. just in case (for if the flies) 2. un sititico tal por b. to pay no attention to us (to not pass us the ball) 3. no darnos c. to work very hard (sweat the fat drop) 4. por la d. just like that (as if nothing) 5. por si las e. an out-and-out (such for which) pretentious snob 6. sudar la gota f. gee whiz (by the flute) E. Responda, por favor. React to the following, using different expres- sions from this chapter. 1. You're waiting in line at an office and all of the employees are socializ~ ing with each other and ignoring you completely. Then a friend of yours arrives and you want to describe to him what's happening. 2. Another friend is very angry about the situation and looks ready to have a heart attack. You want to calm her down and tell her that things are just like that and we have to accept them. 3. A man barges into the line in front of you when the employees aren't looking and you decide to give him a piece of your mind. NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 29 VOCABULARY AND CULTURE “CHILENISMOS” AND OTHER EXPRESSIONS OF SPANISH DIVERSITY Do you know where you are if you order “regular” (pronounced “regu- lah”) coffee and it comes with cream? Or if a lady asks where the “bub- bler” is because she wants a drink of water? Coffee with cream in Boston and water fountains in Milwaukee are special words that are examples of the language of place, language that differs throughout the many regions of the English-speaking world. Signature Words Spanish also has special words, signature words, that dis- tinguish particular regions in the twenty-one countries where it is spoken as a main language. Sometimes these expressions give clues to national obsessions, as is the case with the English word workaholic and other expressions relating to hard work. Chilean Spanish, on the other hand, has numerous special adjectives describing fine nuances in social class that reflect the national obsession for delineating social status. A roto is a low- class bum with bad manners; a roto con plata, a low-class bum with money, or nouveau riche (General Pinochet, the dictator from 1973-88, is considered by many as a prime example of this type); a pituco is an affected snob tending toward tacky; a pepepato, a vain rich person with no brains; a cuico, an ostentatious snob flaunting high status; and a sititi- Co, an overly fastidious person pretending to be high class when he isn’t, to name only a few! In the English translation of the novel Paula by the Chilean author Isabel Allende, there is not even an attempt to translate Several of these words, but instead they are included in italics in Spanish. Indigenous Influences In many regions a strong linguistic influence is the local Native culture. Mexico, for example, has common words derived from the ancient Aztec language, Néhuatl, such as giiero(-a) which means blond(e) and is often used instead of the more universal rubio(-a), and esquintle(-a), which means street dog after the tiny hairless dogs the Aztecs once raised for food, but which is often used today as an insult meaning twerp or insignificant youngster. The Peruvian word mita (forced labor) from Quechua, the Venezuelan arepa (Corn bread) from Arawak, and chicle (universally used for “chewing gum”) from the Maya language are other examples of native influences.30 CariTULo Dos Every region possesses local variants, even when the universal terms are understood. Mexicans, for example, understand the word autobés (bus) but generally use camién (truck) for bus as well as for truck (speci~ fying camién de carga for the latter if they wish to make the meaning clear). They frequently say Mande? (literally, “Your command?”) when they haven't heard or don’t understand something, instead of gCé6mo?, which is the usual word employed to translate What? or Huh? The Tango Connection In Argentina and Uruguay, conversations are pep- pered with words derived from lunfardo, the special dialect used in tango songs. Lunfardo evolved from sailors who worked around the wharves at the turn of the century and so many of its words have spicy connotations con- trasting with the normally conservative speech habits of the region. The plaintive tangos with their distinctive beat, often accompanied by dancers, speak of the ungrateful mina from the conventillo who has betrayed her man: {Qué quilombo! (What a disaster—literally, bordello!) Translated liter ally, the woman is referred to as a “mine” because her boyfriend in those long-ago times was a cafiche (a pimp) who used her as a source of money to live on, and this all took place in a run-down tenement, which may have been a “little convent” at one time. But the literal meaning does not matter, for it is the intense emotion of the tango that is dear to the hearts of Uruguayans and Argentines. Modern tangos are invented each year (nowadays by women as well as men) and sung along with traditional ones, but the old dialect persists and is part of everyday speech. Another strong influence is the tradition of the gaucho, or Argentine cowboy, which gives rise to expres- sions such as una gauchada, meaning a really big favor. The huaso in Chile, the charro in Mexico, and the Hanero in Venezuela and Colombia have sim- ilar cowboy traditions which spill over into everyday ways of speaking. Toward a Language and a Culture “Sin fronteras” (“Without Borders”) And so it is in every part of the Spanish-speaking world. If you were to wake from a dream and hear someone say, ¢Qué te apetece? (What do you feel like having?), you could be pretty sure you were in Spain, but if instead you heard, 7Te provoca un tinto? (Are you in the mood for some coffee?), you'd know instantly that you were in Colombia. Colloquial and slang expressions vary from place to place, particularly insults, swear words, or off-color expressions, generally called groserfas or palabrotas. Nevertheless, much slang (including insults) is understood almost every- where and this universalizing trend is gaining force NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 31 With the expansion of travel, music, and the movie industry, Spanish, Jike English, is moving toward a higher degree of universalization. Slang words that were once understood only in Mexico are now sung by Chilean adolescents, as they listen to Mexican music on their Walkmans®. Soap operas, magazines, movies, the Internet—all are vehicles for spreading words and expressions. At the same time, these media are stimulating minority cul- tures and dialects which in the past had little access to communication. In fact, some cultures and dialects once in danger of extinction have now gained new life. So, paradoxically, regionalization is also flourishing. Spanish is on the move, evolving by becoming more universal and by including and expanding its many regional variants, two counter-tendencies occurring in parallel to enrich and diversify this amazing international language across and beyond all borders. Selecciones. Choose the correct option to finish each statement. 1. Spanish is the official language of __ countries. a6 b. 21 c. 80 2. In Chile, pololo means a. lower class b. snob c. boyfriend 3. The Mexican word esquintle derives from the a. Mayas b. Incas c. Aztecs 4. In Mexico a camién is a a. truck b. bus c. truck or bus 5. Some Uruguayan and Argentine signature words, like mina, are derived from the tango dialect called a. gaucho b. lunfardo c. huaso32. CapiTULo Dos 6. If someone asks you, {Qué te apetece?, you are probably in a. Madrid b. Bogota c. Los Angeles 7. Two counter-tendencies occurring in Spanish today are a. movies and Internet b. rapidity and borders c. universalization and regionalization UN MALENTENDIDO REGIONAL: UN CHILENO BIEN VALIENTE Un chileno que tenia la reputacién de ser malgeniudo hizo un viaje de negocios a México. De regreso a Chile, se puso a charlar con su hermana sobre el viaje. Le cont6 que en México se habia asombrado de ver que todo el mundo lo alababa constantemente por su valentia. —Mira, hermana querida—te dijo—. Me siento orgulloso porque los mexicanos me tienen por muy valiente, pero la verdad es que no comprendo por qué. La hermana, que habia vivido en México varios afios, le pregunté: —Pero, dime, :qué te decian exactamente? —Me decian—respondié—, que yo siempre tenia coraje. —Pues, se aclara el misterio, hermano mio—explicé su hermana, riéndose—, porque en México ;“tener coraje” quiere decir estar enojado! A Chilean who had the reputation of being very bad-tempered made a business trip to Mexico. After returning to Chile, he began to chat with his sister about the trip. He told her that in Mexico he had been amazed to find that everyone constantly praised him for his courage. “Look, sister dear,” he said. “I feel proud because the Mexicans consider me courageous, but the truth is that I don’t understand why.” The sister, who had lived in Mexico for several years, asked him, “But tell me, what exactly did they say to you?” “They said to me,” he replied, “that I always had coraje.” PL eo as ty 9 27 AT NO TE HAGAS MALA SANGRE 33 «well, the mystery is solved, dear brother,” she explained, laughing, “pecause in Mexico, to have coraje means ‘to be angry’!” Personas y personajes (People and Characters) Certain names are used in Chilean proverbs and sayings as examples of particular personality types. While these may be especially Chilean, they have equivalents in many cul- tures. 1. Eso es como el padre Gatica: 1. That’s like Father Gatica: he predica pero no practica. 2. Eso es como el capitén Araya: 2. That's like Captain Araya: embarca a su gente y él se queda _he sends out his people on the sea en la playa. and he stays behind on the beach. 3. Eso es como el maestro 3. That's like the teacher Ciruela: doesn’t practice what he preaches. Ciruela: no escribe ni lee pero he can’t read or write but he tiene escuela. has a school. 4. Juan Seguro vivid muchos afios. 4, John Safety lived many years. 5. Mas perdido que el teniente 5. More lost than Lieutenant Bello.* Bello. Los dichos de una abuelita chilena (Sayings of a Chilean Grannie) A Chilean lady who emigrated to Canada remembers her grannie’s sayings that were earthy and “salpicados de chilenismos” (peppered with Chilean expressions). In English she heard close friends, for example, described as two peas in a pod, but her grandmother used to say they were like la ufia y la carne (the nail and the flesh under it), or like dos Potos en un calzén (two rear ends in one pair of pants). = GHeutenant Bello was a famous Chilean aviator who disappeared one day on a routine flight to Santiago and was never seen again.. CAPITULO 3. [Vamos a vacilar! MAKING, ACCEPTING, AND DECLINING INVITATIONS [Conversacion 1 En un centro comercial de Miami, Florida. FELIPE — {Qui ubo, Marta! ;Cémo estas? Marra Bien, bien. Y ta, gqué onda? Fetive Por aqui, vagando. Oye, pensaba ir a escuchar a Gloria Estefan el sibado . . . gQué te parece? ;Me quieres acom- paiiar? Marta —;Gloria Estefan? Si, hombre, jchévere! Me encantaria. FELIPE _—_Entonces, ;jvamos a vacilar! A ver . . . Comamos antes, ;no? Marta — ;Sim6én, con mucho gusto! ;A qué horas? FELIPE —_Nos vemos a las seis, ;de acuerdo? Marta = ¢D6nde? FELIPE _Pasaré por tu casa. Marta —Asémate a las seis, pues. Y no me dejes plantada. 34 jVAMOS A VACILAR! 35 NO ME DEJES PLANTADA. In a shopping center in Miami, Florida. FELIPE Marta FELIPE Marta FELIPE Marta FELIPE Marta FELIPE Marta Hi, Marta! How are you? Good, good. And you, what’s up? Same as usual (I’m just here), goofing (wandering) around. Listen, I was thinking of going to see Gloria Estefan on Saturday . . . What do you think? Do you want to go with me? Gloria Estefan? Yes, fantastic! I’d love it. Then let’s party! Let’s see. Let’s eat first, okay? Yeah, good (with great pleasure). What time? Let’s meet (see each other) at six, okay? Where? V'll go by your house. Show up at six, then. And don't stand me up (leave me planted)36 CAapiTULO TRES FetireE —_No, no. A las seis en tu casa, asi quedamos. {VAMOS A VACILAR! 37 FeuPE No, no. At six at your house, that’s how we'll leave it (remain). Marta No veo la hora de salir, chico. Gloria Estefan . . . jes lo Marra _ I can’t wait (see the hour) to go out. Gloria Estefan—she’s the jOjo! l CONVERSACION 2 maximo! best (the maximum)! — —— + Dejar plantado(-a) means literally to leave someone planted in the ground, that is to stand him or her up; this expression is used in most of the Spanish-speaking world. In Spain, one hears No me dés plantén. In the Caribbean, tirar bomba is used also, and Mexican-Americans say dar calabazas, fo give pumpkins. A simi- * Hombre: While it may seem strange, ;Hombre! is a term of address used for a woman as well as a man. The exception is the southern part of Latin America, where it may seem a bit rude when used for a woman. It is also common in most regions to : ' xpression is No me dejes con los churquitos (colochos say jmujer! to a woman in the same way. lar exp: i q ( ) hechos, Don’t leave me with my curls done, that is, all spruced up and ready to go. (In Chile, you might hear No me dejes con los ruleros puestos, Don’t leave me with my rollers in.) * Chévere means great, wonderful, super, etc., and is very common- ly used in Latin America except in the southern areas. It suppos- edly originated in a Cuban song lyric and spread throughout the * No veo la hora means literally, I can’t see the hour—that is, | am looking forward to it. Caribbean and then southward. + Vacilar is to have a good time, or it can mean to joke around, kid. i * Chico(-a) is used as a form of address by Cubans and others to + Simén is a variant of sf. mean friend, pal. + Asomarse means to go near, appear, but in this case to show up. En una calle de Miami. JAIME Hola, chula. Dichosos los ojos que te estan viendo. Estas MarisoL Hola. JAIME = Qué tal, coraz6n? MarisoL Bien. JAIME Bien bonita. Oye, este viernes hay una pachanga en casa de On a street in Miami. JAIME Hello, beautiful. Great to see you (lucky the eyes that are como nunca. looking at you). You look better than ever. Mariso. Hello. Jaime How are things, my love (heart)? Marisor Good (Bien). JAIME Very (Bien) pretty. Listen, this Friday there’s a party at the un amigo mio, :Vamos juntos? house of a friend of mine. Shall we go together?38 CAPITULO TRES MarisoL ;Cémo.. .? ;Tt y yo? Jaime Si, mamacita. ;Qué dices? Vamos a pasarla bien. Marisot_ No puedo. Este . . . Tengo mucho que hacer. Gracias, de todos modos. JAIME Nos watchamos otro dia, pues. Marisot (a si misma) ;Caray! ;Qué mujeriego! Un cero a la izquierda. JaIME (a si mismo) {Uuf! ;Qué fresa! No est4 en na’a. — jOjo! + Dichosos los ojos is also heard, or Dichosos los ojos que te ven. Similar is {Qué habré hecho yo para merecerme tal preciosura! What could I have done to deserve such beauty (such preciousness)! Pachanga: There are many words for party or dance: pachanga ot pachangén, danz6n, rumbén (like rumba). Other expressions: bachata (Dominican Republic), farra (Colombia), guachafita (Venezuela), fanfarria (Puerto Rico), jarana (Mexico, Spain, Peru), bailorio (Ecuador), baytt or bembé (the Caribbean). * Mamacita is a term of affection deriving from mama. In many Latin American countries, even young girls are called mamaci- ta, mamita, or mami with affection. Also used is mamasota, for a gorgeous or appealing woman, a “cheesecake”; this expres- sion is, of course, rather sexist. Pasarla bien (also, parsarlo bien): In Spain, people say pasarlo en grande, fo have a great time. Este is a hesitation word, used to buy time, sort of like “uh, well . . .” in English. Bueno or the very common pues often MARISOL JAIME Marisol JAIME Marisol JAIME {VAMOS A VACILAR! 39 What . . .? You and me? Yes, mamacita (little mama). What do you say? We'll have a great time. I can't. Uh... [have a lot to do. Thanks, anyway. We'll see each other another day, then. (to herself) Jeeze! What a womanizer! Worthless (a zero to the left). (to himself) Uuf! What a fresa (strawberry). She’s nowhere. (She's not in anything.) eS gee function in the same way, to fill in when one is thinking of what to say. Spanish speakers don't usually say uh or um Nos watchamos comes, obviously, from the English expression to watch. Nos lukeamos, from the English to look, is also used. Both mean basically See you. {Qué mujeriego! A man who chases women is a mujeriego or mujerero. Other expressions similar in meaning include: ;Qué gorila!, ;Qué cocodrilo! and ;Qué buitre! (literally, What a gorilla! What a crocodile! What a vulture!), meaning something like What a wolf! Also heard is ;Qué don Juan!, from the story of Don Juan Tenorio, a famous womanizer created by Spanish play- wright Tirso de Molina, but the meaning in Spanish is not as negative as in English. The term ;Qué descarado! is also heard, meaning What a scoundrel! Una fresa, literally, a strawberry, refers to a young woman who is innocent but also a bit disdainful or spoiled, usually living with her parents.40 CApiTULO TRES CHISTE En Ecuador, una sefiorita va a la iglesia a confesarse.—Perdéneme, padre, porque he pecado—dice ella. —Bueno, hija, cuéntame tus pecados—le responde el cura. —E] otro dia estaba caminando por la calle cuando me encontré con un viejo amigo. Me invité a tomar un café, empezamos a charlar, de alli me invité a su departamento e hicimos el amor. Y como yo soy tan fragil. . . —Frigil, hija, fragil—dice el padre. —Bueno—dice la sefiorita—, al dia siguiente estaba sentada en la plaza cuando de repente se asoma otro amigo. Iba para la casa de un pana suyo porque alld se iba a formar un vacilén. Me invité a acompafiarlo. Como estaba libre y no queria ser agua- fiestas, fui con él. Después terminamos en mi departamento e hicimos el amor. Y como yo soy tan frigil. . . . —Frigil, hija, frigil—dice otra vez el cura. —Ayer me Ilam6 mi novio—empieza de nuevo la sefiorita—. “;Quieres ir a un danzén?”, me dijo. Bueno, fuimos de juer- ga y después fuimos a su departamento y como yo soy tan, ay, gcual es esa palabra, padre? —Puta, hija, puta. —_ In Ecuador, a young lady goes to church to make her confession. “Forgive me, father, for I have sinned,” she says. “Well, my child (daughter), tell me your sins,” the priest replies. “The other day I was walking down the street when I met an old friend. He invited me to have coffee, we began to chat, from there he invited me to his apartment and we made love. And since I am so frugile . . priest. “Well,” says the young lady, “the next day I was sitting in the plaza when suddenly another friend showed up. He was . .” “Fragile, my child, fragile,” says the going to the house of a friend of his because a party was going to get going there. He invited me to go with him. Since I was {VAMOS AVACILAR! 41 ientRas piseRiapa UN’ EstRatenia PARA LIGARSE 2 CISELA, ApALeERte c5 atacapo POR YN NERD. —~ EStE RELOD LE INDICE { a Up.va temecR ate, EL niver DEL Mat» HoRa EN TaiLaNdi { Nota cultural: Manuel Héctor Falcén is a popular Mexican cartoonist. He tends to spoof character types like el capitan nerd, who is always trying to invite women out or getting in the way of someone else who is, and Guilson (Wilson) el dios de la gileva, a boring, lazy fellow. The cartoons on this page, page 42, and page 43 are from his book Cascajo. ligarse to connect with, pick up free and I didn’t want to be a party-pooper, I went with him. Afterwards we ended up in my apartment and we made love. And since I’m so frugile the priest again. “Yesterday my boyfriend called me,” the young lady begins again. ““Do you want to go to a dance?’ he asked. Well, we went out on the town and then we went to his apart- ” “Fragile, my child, fragile,” says ment and since I’m so . . . uh, what was that word, father?” “Slut (‘prostitute’), my child, slut.”42° CaPpiTULO TRES B Capitan NeRD, 2 La oFENbiva, intenta atrarar CHavaS Con SU EXtRAORDINARio SLBUM DE Filateria | ASi€tiCa..- | intenta tries; filatelia stamp collecting used mainly in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia. Alla se iba a formar un vacilén means that a party was tak- ing shape or beginning. A vacilén can also be a comic, the life of the party, someone who is entertaining: José es un vacilén, siempre contando chistes. Aguafiestas: this word, party-pooper, conjures up a vision of someone pouring water over a party, to ruin it. Ir de juerga or ir de parranda both mean to party, go out on the town. Pana comes from panal, honeycomb, and means a good friend. It is jVAMOS AVACILAR! 43 E L Capitan NERp Nunca carts Las INDIRECTAS DE SU AMiGo -- 12Y, QE VELADA TAN iNoLVipagie. Estares Pasanpol No ME SiRvEN © ON Pot mZS - evening get-together; capté got; largate get lost VOCABULARIO DEL CAPITULO Asi quedamos. (That’s how we'll remain.) That’s how we'll leave it, agreed. asomarse to show up iCaray! Jeeze! (from ;Carajo!, vulgar) un cero a la izquierda (a zero to the left) worthless, no good chévere great, fantastic (most of Latin America except the Southern Cone; most common in Caribbean areas, Venezuela, Colombia) chulo(-a) cute, good-looking el danzén dance de nuevo, nuevamente again dejar plantado(-a) (to leave someone planted) to stand (some- one) up Dichosos los ojos que te estan viendo. (Fortunate the eyes that are looking at you.) Great to see you. Also Dichosos los ojos.44 CapiTULO TRES el don Juan jEs lo maximo! Estés como nunca. Este ...,Bueno..., Pues ... una fresa Gracias, pero tengo mucho que hacer. jHombre! ir de juerga ir de parranda la jarana mamacita mamasota el mujeriego (mujerero) No esta en na’a (nada). No me dejes con los churquitos (colochos) hechos. No veo la hora de salir. Nos lukeamos./Nos watchamos. la pachanga, el pachangén el, la pana pasarla (0 pasarlo) bien Don Juan, womanizer It’s (He's, She's) fantastic (the maximum)! (You [tdi] are like never.) You look better than ever. Uh..., Well. . . (hesitation words) (a strawberry) a young woman who is innocent but also a bit disdainful or spoiled, usually living with her parents Thanks, but I have a lot to do. (Man!) term of address for either a man or a woman to go out on the town, party to go out on the town, party party (Mexico, Spain, Peru) (little mama) term of address derived from mama, used with affection to a girl or woman; also, mamita (big mama) term of address a bit vulgar, meaning cheesecake, good-looking woman womanizer He or she is out of it (not in anything). Don't leave me waiting (with my curls done). (Carribean, Central America) I can't wait (see the hour) to go out. See you. We'll see each other. (from the English to look, to watch, used where there is English influence) party (male or female) friend (from panal, honeycomb) to have a good time pasarlo en grande un plantén Por aqui, vagando. {Qué gorila (buitre, cocodrilo)! Qué te parece (si. ..)? ser aguafiestas simén tirar bomba vacilar iVamos a vacilar! un vacilén Allé se formaba un vacilén. iA USTED LE Toca! {VAMOS A VACILAR! 45 (to pass or spend it big) to have a great time (Spain) (a planting) a standing up (of someone) or someone who stands someone else up Same as usual. (I’m just here, goofing [wandering] around.) (What a gorilla [vulture, crocodile]!) What a wolf! (How does it seem to you [ta] [if . . . ]?) How about (if . . . )? (to be a water-party) to be a party-pooper yeah (variant of sf) (to throw a bomb) to stand (someone) up (Caribbean) to party, have a good time; to kid or joke Let's party! comic (amusing person); good time A party was taking shape (getting going) there. A. Sinénimos. Match the synonyms. —1. ir de juerga —2. chévere —3. de nuevo —4. dejar plantado —5. pana —6. un don Juan asomarse . nos lukeamos —9. jarana a. tirar bomba b. un mujeriego c. aparecer d. lo maximo €. nuevamente f. g. pachanga h. compajiero(-a), amigo(-a) nos watchamos i. ir de parranda46 B. Qué es? Give a word or phrase that best fits each description. Chi CapiTULO TRES {VAMOS AVACILAR! 47 2Qué dice usted .. from the following: aguafiestas, cero a la izquierda, chulo, fre gorila, pana, vacilén. cuando necesita tiempo para pensar (tres expresiones) Modelo: ; P cuando alguien le invita a una fiesta y de verds quiere ir Andrés es muy guapo y atractivo. Es muy chulo. 1. Beto es muy chistoso. Le gusta pasarla bien. Es un 2. Carlos es un buen amigo. Es un buen cuando alguien le invita a una fiesta y NO quiere ir 3. Daniel es indtil; no tiene muchas cualidades a Es un 4. Eva es una sefiorita que vive con sus papas y est mimada (pampere Minvitaciones. trata a los admiradores con desdén. Es una 5. Paco no sabe divertirse y no le gusta que otra gente se e divietta ti poco. Es un 6. Gerardo es muy mujeriego, agresivo con las mujeres. Es un . Invite a friend to a get-together or party in two different ways: 2Qué falta? Complete the expressions on the left, then match them . Tell him or her to show up at 8:00. the English equivalents on the right. __1. No me dejes con los a. Hi, friend. Great to see you. . Tell him or her not to stand you up. colochos ___. 2. Juan no ___ en naa. b. Don't stand me up. __3. Hola, pana. los ojos. c. You look better than ever. 4. Tell him or her you can’t wait to go out. _4. Por aqui, : d. That’s how we'll leave it, at eight o'clock. __5. Estés como : e. Jeeze! Jaime and Alicia are together again. 6. Ast a as ocho. f, Juan is out of it (nowhere). __7. ;Caray! Jaime y Alicia esting. I’m just here, goofing (wandering) juntos nuevo. around.. CAPITULO 4 . Oiga, sefiora, :donde esta el excusado? GETTING SOMEONE’S ATTENTION ASKING POLITELY FOR INFORMATION UNDERSTANDING DIRECTIONS INTRODUCING YOURSELF [Conversacion 1 Una calle en Santander, Espaita. Amalia Benavides, una joven turista, detiene a una vieja sefiora, doa Mariela, para preguntarle cémo Ilegar a la plaza. AMALIA — ;Oiga, sefiora! ;Podria Ud. decirme cémo llegar a la Plaza de las Américas? Dona M. Desde luego, hija. Espera un minuto, que estoy hecha polvo después de subir esta calle .. . Bien, Camina dere- cho cuatro manzanas .. . AMALIA gCémo? :Manzanas? ;Manzanas para comer? Dona M. No eres de aqui, zverdad? Manzanas, hija, son calles, . . Baja por esta calle cuatro manzanas y llegaras a la Calle Cortes. Tuerce pa’ la izquierda y ve subiendo hasta ver una farmacia grande en la esquina a la derecha, Farmacia Estrella. Sigue calle arriba dos manzanas mis y alli esta la plaza. ;Qué buscas en la plaza? :El museo? 48 OIGA SENORA, DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 49 éDONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? - CAMINA DERECHO CUATRO MANZANAS. . . A street in Santander, Spain. Amalia Benavides, a young female tourist, stops an older lady, Dofia Mariela, to ask her how to get to the square AMALIA Excuse me, ma’am. Could you please (would you be able to) tell me how to get to the Plaza de las Américas? Dona M. Of course, my dear. Wait a minute since I’m all worn out (turned to dust) after going up this street . . . All right. Walk straight for four blocks (apples) . . . AMALIA Pardon me? (How?) Apples? Apples for eating? DONA M. You're not from around here, are you? “Apples,” my dear (daughter), are streets, blocks. Go down this street for four blocks (apples) and you'll get to Cortes Street. Turn to the left and keep on going up until you see a big pharmacy on the corner on the right, Estrella Pharmacy. Go up the street two more blocks, there you'll see (is) the plaza. What are you looking for in the plaza—the museum?50 CaPiTULO CUATRO AMALIA No, sefiora. Quiero saber dénde esta el excusado. Me dijeron que en la plaza hay servicios publicos. DOoNAM. Mira, te voy a dar un consejo. Por aca hay bafios mucho mis cerquita. Ese café, por ejemplo. Entras y vas derecho hacia los teléfonos. Al lado de los teléfonos siempre hay bafios. No seas timida. Entras como si nada. Yo te espero aqui. AMALIA Ud. me saca de un apuro. Gracias, sefiora. (Se dirige al café.) Dona M. Para qué, nifia? ;Para qué? —/-— jOjo! + ;Oiga! literally means Hear!, but the real meaning is closer to something like “Excuse me, please. May I talk with you?” This is the magic word to get attention on the street in Spain and many parts of Latin America. Although it is a command, it’s in the for- mal (Ud.) form and so is courteous. In Venezuela, the word jEpal is used in a similar fashion, but is less formal. The excusado (excused place) is a euphemism for el cuarto de bafio (the bathroom). Nowadays certain other expressions are more common: los servicios, el water (short for water closet or WC. and pronounced “vater”), el cuarto para sefioras y el cuarto para caballeros, and (in Latin America) los bafios. Doiiia is a title of respect used with the first name for older women or women with authority. The equivalent for men is Don. There is no English equivalent. Preguntar cémo llegar a means to ask the way to or to ask directions for. The Spanish word direccién is a false cognate meaning address, e.g., gCudl es su (tu) direccién? (What is your address?) AMALIA AMALIA Dona M. OIGA SENORA, ;DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 51 No, ma'am. I want to know where the restroom (excused place) is. I was told (they told me) that there are public washrooms (services) in the plaza. Look, I'm going to give you some advice. Right around here there are bathrooms (baths) much closer by. That café, for example. You go inside and walk straight toward the telephones. Next to the telephones there are always bath- rooms. Don't be shy (timid). Go in as if it were natural (as if nothing). I'll wait for you here. You are really helping me out (taking me out of a pressing difficulty). Thank you, ma'am. (She heads off toward the café.) No problem at all. (For what, miss? For what?) ee ePodria Ud. . . .? This is a good formula to remember when asking for help or a favor. The verb poder is in the conditional mood, which makes the phrase more polite. Any one of a num- ber of infinitives may follow with the pronoun me attached: Podria Ud. (Could you?) . . . decirme (tell me), ayudarme (help me), mostrarme (show me), etc. Estar hecho(-a) polvo (to be made into dust) is used to describe extreme fatigue and is roughly the equivalent of to be worn out. Camine Ud. derecho means Walk straight and is not to be con- fased with a la derecha (on the right), which is the opposite of a la izquierda (on the left). The similarity in form between derecho and derecha can cause misunderstandings for English speakers, so it’s important to listen for the word ending. The word derecho also means Jaw, when referring to the legal pro- fession (e.g., la facultad de derecho, law school). Manzanas means apples, but in Spain it also means blocks. In many countries, cuadras is used for blocks, but in Spain it means stables, not blocks.52 CapiTULO CUATRO [_Conversacion 2 OIGA SENORA, DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 53 zCémo? literally means How? It is used when you have not understood what was just said, as What?, Huh?, Excuse me? or Pardon me? are used in English. Hija (daughter) and hijo (son) are friendly and affectionate terms, often used by an older person to a younger one or amon, VOSOTRAS, friends and colleagues; they are similar to querido(-a) dear, a Po except that they are never used in a romantic way. In Mexico, m’hijo and m’hija (meaning my daughter, my son) are commo used even by friends or relatives of the same age. Baja por esta calle means Go down this street and may refer either to a street that goes downhill or to one with numbers tl are going down in sequence. Subir (to go up), calle arriba (up the street) and calle abajo (down the street) are used similarly in giving directions. Torcer (ue) (to turn) is common in Spain; doblar and dar la vuelta are used in Latin America. Por acé means around here. Ac& and allé may be used instead aqui or alli when the reference is vague and non-specific. Cerquita is the diminutive of cerca and means very near. No seas timido(-a) or No te intimides (Don't be intimidat are ways of reassuring someone who may feel shy or uneasy about doing something. In Mexico the common expression for this is No tengas pena (literally, Don’t have sorrow). Mariela espera a Amalia cuando llega su primo, Julidn. JULIAN MaRIELA Mariela is waiting for Amalia when her cousin Julién comes up to her. Jotun Marirta Buenos dias, Mariela. Cémo te sientes hoy? Good morning, Mariela. How are you feeling today? La verdad es que no estoy muy bien. Me duelen hasta los The truth is that I’m not feeling well. I ache all over (even my bones are hurting me) because I cleaned the whole house yes- terday. I worked hard (to a broken arm). But why so much interest in my health? Could it be that you saw the young lady tourist and want (have desires) to meet her? huesos porque ayer limpié toda la casa. Trabajé a brazo partido. Pero, gpor qué tanto interés en mi salud? ;No sera que has visto a la joven turista y tienes ganas de conocerla?54 JULIAN Ah, pero jlas tias sois la pera! Os mosquedis por todo. CapiTULO CUATRO OIGA SENORA, ;DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 55 JuuiAN Ah, you women (aunts) are the limit! You smell a rat in every- 2O es que te levantaste de mal talante, Mariela? thing. Or is it that you awoke in a bad mood (disposition), Mariela? Marikta No me cabrées, Julian. Y no te hagas ilusiones. Esta chica Manet Don't make me mad (Don't act like a goat), Juliin, And don’t JuuiAN Te estds cachondeando de mi, prima. Tengo intencions (En este momento, Amalia vuelve y saluda a los dos.) AMALIA Hola. Buenos dias. Soy Amalia Benavides. (Les da la mano a I Marieta Encantada, hija. Soy Mariela Sanchez. JULIAN Mucho gusto. Me llamo Julian Romeralo Velazquez y estoy jOjo! parece una nifia bien y decente. No es como esas guarras go getting any illusions. This girl seems like a proper young lady (a well girl) and decent. She’s not like those hussies (pig women) that you usually go around with. con que sueles andar ti. _ JuuAN You are making fun of (batting horns with) me, cousin. I have honradas. S6lo quisiera una pequefia presentacion . . . honorable intentions. I only wish for a little introduction . . . (At this moment, Amalia returns and greets both of them.) Amatia Hello. Good day. I’m Amalia Benavides. (She offers both of them dos.) > her hand.) MarieLa Delighted (to meet you), dear. I am Mariela Sanchez. JULIAN Pleased to meet you. My name is Julian Romeralo Velizquez and I am at your service (at your orders). ——————— a sus érdenes. ee + A brazo partido is one way of telling how hard you work, lit erally until your arm breaks apart. * Os mosquedis por todo, you smell a rat in (get suspicious about) everything. This expression comes from the word mosca (fly) as though the doubts and suspicions were like flies buzzing around. A secondary use in Spain and Latin America is No me mosquées, which can be translated as Don’t bug me. jLas tias sois la pera! The familiar plural vosotras form is used here because Julién is including Mariela in the group of “ women” whom he is addressing familiarly and all together because he suggests they are all alike. The words tfos (uncles) and tias (aunts) are common in Spain to refer casually to men and women, more or less like guys, fellows and dames, broads. (In Latin America, the equivalent is tipo(-a) or viejo(-a).) La pei is pear, but in this context it means the limit. + De mal talante (with a bad disposition) is another way of say- ing de mal humor (in a bad mood). * No me cabrées means Don’t make me mad (with your crazy actions or talk) and comes from the word cabra (goat), an animal that tends to jump around in an uncontrolled way.56 CaPpiTULO CUATRO + La nifia bien and el nifio bien refer to young people from th privileged upper class who are assumed to have good manners and moral conduct. * Guarras is a very strong and vulgar insult, coming from a wor associated with pigs and suggesting slovenly women with low morals. + Cachondearse de alguien (to make fun of or tease someone) used in Spain and many other places but only among close frie! and colleagues because it is a bit vulgar. It comes from cachén, meaning a large horn on an animal, and has a somewhat sexual connotation since animals in heat may be called cachondos. A similar expression common everywhere is tomarle el pelo a alguien (to tease, literally, to pull someone's hair). + Encantado(-a) (Charmed, Enchanted [to meet you]) and Mucho gusto (Much pleasure) are the standard ways of saying Pleased to meet you. A sus Srdenes is considered rather exces- sively polite in some circles and charming in others, but it is generally said by a man to a woman or to someone considered higher in importance or authority. VOCABULARIO DEL CAPITULO a brazo partido how hard you're working) a la derecha to the right a la izquierda to the left bajar to go down, get off los bafios bathrooms calle abajo down the street calle arriba up the street cerquita very near (diminutive of cerca) como si nada the world (to a broken arm) to the limit (describing (as if nothing) like you don’t have a care i zcdmo te sientes hoy? gCémo? Jas cuadras el cuarto de bafio el cuarto para caballeros el cuarto para sefioras, el cuarto para damas de mal talante derecho Ja direccién encantado(-a) is Ia esquina Estoy a sus érdenes. Estoy hecho(-a) polvo. el excusado la facultad de derecho las guarras hija(-o) ir subiendo iLas tias sois la pera! las manzanas Me duelen hasta los huesos, ™Mosquearse Mucho gusto. Rifio(—a) bien No me cabrées. OIGA SENORA, {DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 57 How are you feeling today? (How?) Pardon me? What? blocks of a street (Latin America) bathroom men’s room ladies’ room in a bad mood straight ahead address (enchanted) pleased to meet you corner of two streets (corner of two walls is rincén) I am at your service. (I'm made into dust.) I’m exhausted. (the excused place) bathroom (euphemism) law school hussies, sluts, loose women (daughter, son) my dear (to go ascending) to keep on going up You women are the limit (the pear)! (Spain) (apples) blocks of a street (Spain) (Even my bones ache.) I’m aching all over. (to have flies) to smell a rat (be suspicious) (Spain) Pleased to meet you. well brought up (upper-class) boy (girl) (Don't be a goat, th form.) Don’t make me mad. (Spain)58 CaPpiTULO CUATRO No me mosquées. No seas timido(-a). No te intimides. No tengas pena. jOiga! gPara qué? Podria Ud. decirme .. . ? por acd por alld, por ahi preguntar c6mo llegar a... los servicios piiblicos Te estas cachondeando de mi. tener ganas de... las tias los tios torcer (ue) Ud. me saca de un apuro. el water jA USTED LE Toca! A. Sinénimos. Match the words or phrases with similar meanings. 1. bloques _2. excusado __3. encantado OIGA SENORA, ;DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 59 (Don't put flies on me, ta form.) Don’t me. (Spain) __4, muy cansado d. calles, cuadras (manzanas en Espafia) €. servicios, cuarto de bafio,water f. hecho polvo _5. desear _6. hija (tt form) Don't be shy. (Don't be intimidated, ti form.) Don't be (Don't have pain, ta form.) Don't be shy. (Latin America) B. Anténimos. Match the words or phrases with opposite meanings, 1. suba a. _2. ala derecha de buen humor (Listen! Ud. form) Excuse me, may I spi b. nifias bien with you? (used to get attention of passer- by, waiter, etc.) __3. de mal talante c ala Pe 4. guarras d. baie (For what?) You're welcome. 5, arriba 2 Could you please tell me. . . ? Be, ac a around here C. ¢Qué falta? Complete the expressions to fit the situations. around there (to ask how to arrive at) ask for 1. You want to ask someone how to get to the drugstore. directions to... = como llegar a la farmacia? public washrooms 2. You want to tell someone to walk straight. Camine Ud. You are making fun of (batting horns wit me. (Spain) 3. You accuse a friend of making fun of you. Te estas de mi. 4. You are describing how hard you worked yesterday. Trabajé a to feel like . . (aunts) girls, women (Spain) (uncles) guys, fellows (Spain) 5. After working out, you feel like complaining about your aching body, so you say: ;Me duelen hasta 6. Someone has just solved a big problem for you and to thank her you say: Gracias, Ud. me saca de to turn (Spain) You get me out of a difficulty. (from water closet, pronounced “vater’) bathroom D. La palabra exacta. Choose the most correct word to finish each Statement. 1. En Espafia la palabra comin para indicar calles o bloques en una ciudad es a. cuadras a. mucho gusto b. manzanas b. querida c. tener ganas c. peras60 CAPiTULO CUATRO OIGA SENORA, {DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 61 2. En Espaiia, para decir doblar o dar Ia vuelta, a veces se dice 4, Tall a friend how to get to the Café La Perla, where you will meet a. torcer him later. He has to walk straight for five blocks and then turn left on b. marchar Calle Flores and he will see it on the right. c. ir 3. Un espaiiol que habla con sus tres hermanas les dice a. ustedes b. vosotros 4. You're at a restaurant and you ask the waiter where the bathroom is. c. vosotras 4. Para llamar la atencién de alguien en la calle, se dice a. atencién b. oiga c. perdén f Vocabulary and Culture 5. Los abogados (lawyers) estudian las complicaciones del sistema legal en la facultad de IT Hap To BE (SINGULAR, PLURAL, FORMAL, a. ordenes INTIMATE, SEXUAL) YOU! b. izquierdo ae What word do we use to address other people? In English the answer is simple. We say you to everyone from the president or prime minister to the panhandler on the street. In standard Latin American Spanish, there’s a choice of three options: ta, Ud., or Uds. and in the Spanish of Spain, there are five options: té, Ud., Uds., vosotros, or vosotras. In addition, _in Central America, some regions of Colombia and Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, vos forms are used informally among close friends, (See page 124 for more about vos.) This is one reason Spanish is consid- ted a more personal language than English, since every time Spaniards or Latin Americans speak to someone else, they must classify that person according to several parameters, and then choose not only pronouns but all verb forms accordingly. (See drawing on page 53.) 6. Otra manera de decir turbarse o enojarse es a. cabrearse b. estar hecho polvo c. intimidarse E. ¢Qué dice Ud.? Tell what you could say in each situation, using so expressions from this chapter. 1. Stop a man on the street and ask him how to get to the Hotel Colonial. Three Parameters for Choice The first parameter for choosing a pronoun ‘Sumber (singular or plural). Everyone knows that hurtful consequences sult at times from stating in a group what would better be reserved for HE conversation. It’s been suggested that such errors occur less in sh since its grammar forces speakers to remember whether they are ing publicly or intimately. This may partly explain why Spanish s in international circles are not generally perceived as too blunt the 2. He introduces himself to you. You acknowledge this and tell him yo name.62 CAapiTULO CUATRO OIGA SENORA, ;DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 63 way English speakers are. In Latin America, you use ta, Ud. (or vos) for singular and Uds. for any group of more than one, but in Spain, you hat also the possibility of vosotros or vosotras for groups. The second parameter is the social and affective relationship betwee speaker and audience, but it also depends to some degree on age and respect. In general, use Ud., the formal, for anyone older or in a position of authority, but you can also take your cue from how the other person addresses you. The ease with which the familiar form is used varies from country to country and in different time periods. At present, Spain, Cub; the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela are countries where people easily use the ti form, and Costa Rica is just the opposite. Ticos (as Costa Ricans often call themselves) use usted almost exclusively, except for a fe intimate friends whom they address as vos. As a general rule, stick to the formal Ud. if you are not sure, especially in Central America. The third parameter is gender (male or female), and it applies only usage in Spain with a group of good friends, when you use vosotros for males or for a group of both males and females and vosotras for females ‘sonal level. On the other hand, the listener may ignore the change and continue on in the formal mode, thus refusing the offer of intimacy. Here, There, This or That in Three Dimensions Another distinctive ct of Spanish is the three dimensionality of certain pronouns and adverbs. Instead of dividing the world into this and that, here and there according to what is near or far from the speaker, Spanish takes into account the person being spoken to and what is near or far from him or her. For example, estas casas are these houses (near to me), esas casas those houses (near to you) and aquellas casas, those houses (far from both of us). Aqui (here), abi (there, near to you), and all (there, away from both of us) are parallel. This third dimension is another example of how Spanish is a per- sonal language, since it obliges a speaker to be more conscious of the situa tion of the person being addressed. Selecciones. Choose the best way of completing each statement. 1. Spaniards have ways of saying you as compared with Latin Americans. a. the same number of only. The Power of ti In general, the intimate forms give the Spanish lan- guage a special affective power, often exploited in poetry and song. For example, the oft-quoted Rimas* of Spain’s most famous romantic poet, Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, would be inconceivable without the ta form: b. more c. fewer 2. In Latin America, when speaking with a group of women, you use a. Uds. Qué es poesia? dices mientras What is poetry? You ask while ee clavas tu pupila en mi pupila azul. you nail your eye in my eye of blue. vane c. vosotras 2Qué es poesia? zy ti me lo preguntas? What is poetry? And you ask me this? : oo 3. In Spain, when speaking with a group of your close women friends, jPoesia eres ta! Poetry is you! you use There is sometimes a magic moment when one friend decides to tutear de (tratar de ta) the other and the relationship can change to a more per- b: vosotros ¢. vosotras - Costa Ricans (Ticos) commonly use this form of address with almost everyone: a. Ud. b. ta ¢. vos *The book called Rimas by G.A. Bécquer is available in most libraries or Spanish bookstores. It is a poem cycle that describes the many aspects of a love relationship with a short verse for _ each aspect. These verses, or rimas, are well-known and sometimes recited by lovers.64 CaPiTULO CUATRO OIGA SENORA, ;DONDE ESTA EL EXCUSADO? 65 5. Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer is famous in Spanish culture for his UN MALENTENDIDO REGIONAL: UNA PREGUNTA EQUIVOCADA a. dictionary of expressions ib. sclentific discoveries A REGIONAL MISUNDERSTANDING: THE WRONG QUESTION c. love poetr a appens that one of the most common words in Spain, coger (to poetry just so happ P ei ‘h, take, grab) is a very vulgar expression in Argentina and Uruguay, e it means the equivalent of the English “f” word. (Recently this ‘usage has also spread to other parts of Latin America.) In Argentina, for ‘example, avoidance of this verb takes such forms as saying “I received the ” or “I accepted the ball.” So you can imagine the difficulties a ard had when he moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, and would nn use coger in the normal way it is used in Spain. One fine day he ‘was walking down the street looking for the bus stop and asked a passerby, iga, sefior, gsabe Ud. por dénde se coge el autobis?” The gentine looked at him as if he were examining an insect and replied, “Por atrds, ;cochino!” 6. If a native Spanish speaker refers to esa casa, he is speaking abot house that is a, near to him b. near to you c. far away from both of you 7. If a native Spanish speaker says something is alli, he means a pl that is a. near to him b. near to you c. far away from both of you 2499 OS EF OE ETACONVINCING OR PERSUADING SOMEONE Tt UNDERSTANDING SHORT FORMS OF WORDS [Conversacion 1 . CAPITULO 5. Porfa... ASKING FOR A FAVOR DO SOMETHING AND EXPRESSIONS PORFA... 67 SE CREE LA DIVINA GARZA. Miguel habla con su primita, que estd de visita en San Salvador, El Salvador. CRISTINA MIGUEL CRISTINA MIGUEL CRISTINA MIGUEL CRISTINA MIGUEL Oye, Miguel, :me haces un paro? INA @De qué? Acompafiarme al lago mafiana. Va’cer mucho calor. NA No puedo. Tengo que chambear. ot Vamos, Miguel, no seas tan pesado. Llévame de paseo. INA Porfa... ae : ee Gt Que no, Cristina, que no, Mira, me van a regajiar si no lle; eat al trabajo. Es que no quiero ir sola pa’l lago. El jueves tengo que regr BNA a la capital 2No te puede Ievar la Mercedes? 6 el is talking to his little cousin, who is visiting in San Salvador, El Salvador. Hey, Miguel, will you do me a favor (a stop)? What? Go with me to the lake tomorrow. It’s going to be very hot. I can't. I have to work. Let's go, Miguel, don't be such a drag (so heavy). Take me on an outing. Please . . . No, Cristina, no. Look, they're going to give it to me (scold me) if I don't go to work. Ie’s just that I don’t want to go to the lake alone. Thursday I have to go back to the capital Can't Mercedes take you?68 CapiTULO CINCO CRISTINA MIGUEL jOjo! [Conversacion 2 PORFA... 69 I couldn't convince her. But you know how she is . . . she thinks she’s hot stuff (the divine heron). Ask your boss for per- mission and let's go. No la pude convencer. Pero ta ya sabes como es . . . se la divina garza. Pidele permiso a tu jefe y nos vamos. Ay, ay, ay! How stubborn (foolish) you are! How you bug (a person). But okay, it’s a deal (It goes/turns out, it’s worth it.). a iAy, ay, ay! {Qué necia eres! Que hostigas. Pero okey, s vale. a Pesado(-a) means heavy; by extension it is something weighty, Hacer un paro is used in some areas, such as Central Ameri : cumbersome, boring, a drag. and Mexico, to mean to do a favor. In Colombia, people say hacer un catorce. Pa’l lago. Because of linking, para el becomes pa’l in spoken Spanish. Other examples: pa’cd = para aca, hasta*hora = hasta ahora, aunqu’est = aunque estd, desdel dia = desde el dia, d’él = de él, etc. Va’cer calor: Va a hacer calor. Sometimes words are “lin| in Spanish by omitting the second of two repeating vowel sounds so some letters are not pronounced. Linking often occ because of a silent h. Other examples: m’hijo (m’hija) = mi hijo (mi hija), s*iciera = si hiciera, ay = la hay. Occasionally, in informal Spanish, these forms are written as pronounced. La Mercedes: Sometimes el or la is used before a first name in informal Spanish: el Felipe, la Yolanda. This usage varies with region; in Spain, it is considered a bit “uneducated,” but it is often used by educated people to suggest that a person is a bit of Chambear (also chambiar), fo work, has a related noun: ehi g character. ba, work, job. Also common are camellar, fo work, and came= Ho, work, job (literally, camel). Cerca de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Cindad de Guatemala. the University of San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala. “YOLANDA ELENA “YOLANDA ELENA Hola, 'manita, qué tal? Hi, ’manita, how are you? I’m so depressed I can’t think. (I have a depression that won't Tengo una depre que no me deja pensar en na’a. let me think about anything.) Cuil es el problema? What's the problem? I failed (They blasted me in) the last exam in math class. The prof is the pits (fatal). If I don’t pass the class, I’m sunk (fried). Me tronaron en el tiltimo examen de la clase de mate. El profe es fatal. Si no apruebo la clase, estoy frita.70 ~CapiTULO CINCO YOLANDA ELENA YOLANDA ELENA YOLANDA ELENA YOLANDA ¢De qué clase hablas? De geometria . . . con el profe Sanchez. Ah, si, segui ese curso el trimestre pasado. Fue requete a ‘ ‘ LANDA dificil. ;Quieres estudiar conmigo? wo! Si, primero Dios eso me ayude. eT, Ahora iba para la U, a la biblioteca, :Vamos juntas? cca Chasgracias, Yolanda. Ya me siento mejor. Sdlo que vamos a pasar por el Café Sol, que alli me espera un. ELENA amigo. Es un gran cuate, muy buena onda. ————EE Depre = depresién Me tronaron means literally, They blasted (thundered at) me. In Spain, students say Me catearon (They searched me); in Colombia, Me tiré (I threw myself); and in Venezuela, Me paron (They grated me). Fatal is used in most parts of the Spanish-speaking world, me ing awful, terrible, the pits. In Puerto Rico, a very strict (hard) professor is limero(-a). PorFA... 71 What class are you talking about? Geometry . . . with Professor Sanchez. Oh, yeah, I took that class last quarter. It was really hard. Do you want to study with me? Yes; God willing (first God), that will help me. I was just going to the university, to the library. Shall we go together? Thanks, Yolanda. I feel better already. But let’s go by the Café Sol, where a friend is waiting for me. He’s a great pal, a good egg (very good wave). a eee ee Chasgracias = Muchas gracias. Similarly, one hears ‘Chogusto (Mucho gusto). El cuate (la cuata) comes from the Nahuatl (Aztec) word céatl, meaning snake or serpent but also twin, and specifically from Quetzalcéatl, the “plumed serpent,” the god who was the alter ego of Xélotl. The word is used commonly in Mexico and Central America. Another word for friend, used in many areas of South America, is el (la) cole, short for colega, colleague. Buena onda can be used for things as well as people, meaning a good deal or thing. Estar frito: to be fried. In many areas, people might say estar la olla, to be in the pot, that is, in hot water. Requete is an intensifier that can be used with most adjectives or adverbs: requete bueno, requete bien. Primero Dios, like si Dios quiere, is often heard in Central America, especially when some kind of action is proposed or some statement of optimism is made. It has behind it a cautio stance, a humble position of “let’s not be too cocky; this is wish: fal thinking, after all.” Perhaps it stems from living in an area where there have been so many natural and political disasters.72 > CapiTULO CINCO CHISTES LA CARTA Un 22 de diciembre, Pepito saca un boli y una hoja de papel para escribit le al Niiio Jestis: “Estimado Nifio Jestis*: Me he portado muy bien este afio; favor regdlame una bicicleta y un Nintendo. Atentamente, Pepito.” Lleva la carta a la sala a ponerla debajo del arbol de Navidad. Junto al arbol, en la tele, hay una pequefia estatua de la Virgen Maria. Pepito mij la estatua, se arrepiente, se da la vuelta y regresa a su cuarto. Alli escril una nueva carta: “Estimado Nijio Jests: Es cierto que no me he portado tan bien este afio, pero creo que por las acciones buenas me merezco un Nintendo y una bici. Atentamente, Pepito.” Cuando Iega a la sala, vueh a ver la estatua de la Virgen y otra vez se arrepiente. Va a su cuarto y escribe una tercera versién de la carta: “Estimado Niiio Jestis: Es verdad, me he portado mal este afio, pero yo sé que si me regalas un Nintendo y una bici, sera suficiente incentivo para portarme bien el proximo afio. Atentamente, Pepito.” Va a la sala y otra vez ve la estatua. Echando chit pas, destroza la carta y no sabe qué hacer del mal genio. Hasta que pronto toma la estatua de la Virgen, la trae de regreso a su cuarto, le cubre los ojos y la boca con cinta pegante, la mete en un bail, se sienta encima del bail y escribe una carta: “Estimado Nifio Jestis: Si quieres volver a ver a tu madre, dame un Nintendo y una bici. Pepito.” THE LETTER One December 22, Pepito gets out a pen and a piece of paper to write to the Christ child. “Dear Christ child: I’ve behaved very well this year; pl give me a bicycle and a Nintendo game. Sincerely, Pepito.” He takes the ter to the living room to put under the Christmas tree. Next to the tree, the TV, there’s a small statue of the Virgin Mary. Pepito looks at the stat has second thoughts, turns around, and goes back to his room. There he writes a new letter: “Dear Christ child: It’s true that I haven't behaved so well this year, but I think that for my good deeds I deserve a Nintendo a bike. Sincerely, Pepito.” When he gets to the living room, he sees the st ue of the Virgin and again has second thoughts. He goes to his room and *In some areas of Latin America, such as Ecuador and Peru, children expect gifts not from Santa Claus but the Christ child. In still others, gifts are expected from the Three Kings oF Wise Men. jojo! POREA.... 73 writes a third version of the letter: “Dear Christ child: It’s true, I behaved ‘padly this year, but I know that if you give me a Nintendo game and a bike, it will be enough incentive for me to behave well next year. Sincerely, Pepito.” He goes to the living room and again sees the statue. Fuming (Throwing off sparks), he destroys the letter and is in such a bad mood he doesn’t know what to do. Suddenly, he takes the statue of the Virgin, brings it back to his room, covers its eyes and mouth with adhesive tape, puts it in a trunk, sits on top of the trunk, and writes a letter: “Dear Christ child: If you want to see your mother again, give me a Nintendo and a bike. Pepito.” + Arrepentirse (ie) de means to regret, to be sorry or have second thoughts. Me arrepenti de haber comprado ese auto. I regretted buying (having bought) that car. zTe arrepentiste? Were you sorry? + Volver a + infinitive means fo do something again. Volvi a leer la novela. I read the novel again. + De pronto means quickly, suddenly. Pronto means soon, quick; it is used in other idioms, such as por Io pronto, for now, for the moment. —_ Los PERROS Un tipo y una mina pasean por la calle con sus perros: un dober- man y un chihuahua. El duefio del doberman le dice a su fiera: —Mira, tengo hambre . . . vamos a comer algo en aquel restaurante. La duefia del chihuahua responde: —Pero no podemos. O sea, tenemos los perros, y no se dejan entrar en el restaurante. No hay problema. Mira y aprende. Cuando el tipo entra en el restaurante, el maitre le dice: —Lo siento, sefior, pero usted no puede entrar en el restaurante con un perro.74 CapiTULO CINCO PoRFA... 75 —Por favor, amigo . . . es que soy ciego, y éste es mi perro~ The owner of the Chihuahua thinks, “You don't lose anything by —jUn doberman? trying.” And she goes into the restaurant. “I’m sorry, miss, but you can’t come into the restaurant with a —Si, hoy en dia los han empezado a usar. dog,” says the maitre d’. —Bueno, pase usted entonces. . A “But sir, let me explain. (It’s that) I’m blind, and this is my guide dog, I swear to you.” “A Chihuahua?” La duefia del chihuahua piensa: “Nada se pierde con tratar.” Y entra en el restaurante. —Lo siento, sefiorita, pero usted no puede entrar en el restaur: con un perro—dice el maitre. “They gave me a Chihuahua? —Pero, sefior, déjeme explicar. Es que soy ciega, y éste es mi yo! perro-guia, se lo juro. —Un chihuahua? * Una mina is used for girl in many South American countries. * Nera is short for compagiera; fiero, for compafiero. The derivation of compafiero(-a) is con + pan (bread), someone to break bread with. —Me dieron un chihuahua? THE Docs A guy and a girl are walking down the street with their dogs: a Doberman and a Chihuahua. The owner of the Doberman ‘ é ‘AY, DR. ,0 SEA,TENGO MUDUCHOS to his friend: ee paateyesea aE ‘MRO Pak Go rise OS UNOS? SOPeR PERF cteé. LACKS LonbRes ¥ 70 CaSate 0 sea, aa NADA “Look, I’m hungry. Let’s eat in that restaurant.” The owner of the Chihuahua answers: ee a agit Cee is epeborhe He vee De? A ‘ i aie “But we can’t. That is, we have the dogs, and they won't let us the restaurant.” “No problem. Look and learn.” When the guy goes into the restaurant, the maitre d’ (host) says him: “I’m sorry, sir, but you can’t come into the restaurant with a dé “Please, friend, (it’s that) I’m blind and this is my guide dog.” “A Doberman?” “Yes, these days they’ve started using them.” que tiene dinero, que es de la alta sociedad. {Cudl es su | Nota cultural: Esta mujer habla con su psicélogo. Parece Problema? (Qué revista lee? Conoce usted esa revista? “Well, come in then.”76 CAPITULO CINCO * Osea. clarify something, meaning something like That is . . fo say... VOCABULARIO DEL CAP/TULO arrepentirse (ie) la bici el boli camellar, el camello chambear, la chamba chasgracias chogusto el, la cole creerse la divina garza el cuate, la cuata la depre echar chispas estar frito(-a) estar en la olla fatal hacer un paro hostigar Que hostigas. Llévame (ta) de paseo. m’hijo (m’hija) . + This hesitation phrase is used a lot to buy time or . » That na’a (nada) el fiero (la fiera) to regret, have second thoughts (short for bicicleta) bicycle ‘no saber qué hacerse (short for boligrafo) pen del mal genio (to camel, the camel) to work, work or j to work, work or job (short for muchas gracias) (short for mucho gusto) (short for colega) colleague, friend, pal ? (short for por favor) to think you're (one is) hot stuff (the la profe divine heron) ito: de pronto pal, good friend (Central America, Por lo pronto Mexico) (short for depresién) depression ete (to throw off sparks) to fume, be angry (to be fried) to be sunk, in trouble y vale. (to be in the pot) to be in hot water, in trouble (te) lo juro. 3 O sea... tele (short for televisién) 4 (short for universidad) T (ue) a + inf. (fatal) terrible, the pits (to make a stop) to do (someone) a favor (Central America, Mexico) to annoy, badger, bug How you bug a person. Take me on an outing. short for mi hijo (mi hija) my son (my daughter) PORFA... 77 (short for matematicas) math (They blasted me.) I failed. (Central America, Mexico) girl (South America) nothing companion, friend (short for compafiero or compaiiera) to be in such a bad mood one doesn’t know what to do OK (from the English). to be a good thing, a good deal, a good person heavy, boring, a drag please (short for profesor or profesora) professor suddenly for now No. intensifier used with adjectives or adverbs, meaning very + adjective or adverb (It goes/turns out and it’s worth it.) It’s a deal. I swear to you. that is... television university (to return to + inf.) to do (something) again78 CaPiTULO CINCO jA USTED LE Toca! A. La palabra completa. Match the shortened forms of the words on the left with their endings on the right. 1. boli (boli) a. sion 2. cole b. cleta _3. profe c. grafo __4. mate d. ga 5. depre e, maticas 6. tele f. visién 7. bici g. sor B. En otras palabras. Choose the slang term from the following list d best corresponds to the underlined word or phrase. buena onda de pronto fatal mina camellar la divina garza frita paro cuate estoy de mal genio me tronaron _—requete 1. Enrique, gme haces un favor? 2. De repente tuvo una idea. 3. Echo chispas por la mafiana 4. Fracasé (I failed) en el examen de francés; jme siento horrible! 5. sQuién es esa chica? 6. Fuimos al cine ayer, pero la pelicula fue muy mala. 7. Si no Ilego a casa antes de las once estaré en Ja olla. 8. No sabes hacer arroz con pollo? Pero es muy facil. 9. Miguel es un buen amigo. 10. Tienes que trabajar mafiana? 11. Se cree muy importante. 12. Esa bicicleta es una cosa muy buena. C. ¢Qué falta? Write the long forms of the underlined expressions. 1. Qué quieres, m’hija? 2. Ese chavo no esta en naa. 3. Voy para la U.. . . Me acompaiias? PorFA... 79 4, Volveré a Iamarte. —Chasgracias, |5, Me arrepiento de haber venido; e’toy muy cansado. 6. Nama’ mira alli y vas a ver. 7. Hoy viacer frio. Una conversacién por teléfono. For each underlined word or expression, give a synonymous word or expression, choosing from the following: ald por lo pronto okey yolveré a llamar de paseo una nueva chamba MANUEL Hola, Dolores. ;Qué estas haciendo? En este momento (1), nada. MANUEL = Entonces, vamos al centro a pasear (2), sno? Esta bien (3), sdlo que necesito esperar el correo. Primero Dios (4) me hayan mandado un cheque de la compaiiia donde trabajaba antes. Sabias que tengo un nuevo trabajo (5), gno? MANUEL Si, felicitaciones, Dolores. Dotores — Mira, :podriamos hablar a mediodia? Manuet — Entonces IJamaré otra vez (6) a eso de las doce. Dotores _ Perfecto. Hasta luego, pues. Favores. » Ask a friend if he/she will do you a favor, using a slang expression from this chapter. Tell him or her, “Don't be a drag.”80 CaPiTULO CINCO REPASO 1 3. When your friend asks you for a favor, tell him or her, “I can't be I have to work.” Review of Chapters 1-5 (50 points) 4. Your friend suggests you help him (her) another time. Tell him or hi “OK, it’s a deal.” igrama. Solve the following crossword puzzle. (1-14) inatil; un... alaizquierda |_| trabajar mucho; sudar la ‘comediante, persona muy chistosa terrible, muy mal -party-pooper en inglés una chica inocente pero “Muy mimada (spoiled) Cuando esta enojada, Hace mucho calor; se caen los patos . . ‘trabajar mucho, a. . . partido Se cree muy importante; se cree la. . . garza. situacién dificil; sacarle a alguien de un . . . dinero; quiere decir wool en inglés 8182 Repaso 1 B. :Qué podemos decir de los hermanos Sénchez? What can we say about the Sanchez brothers? Many things. Match each Spanish descri to the correct English meaning. (Two English meanings will not be 15. 17. 18. 19 20. 21. . __Hacen cola. a. They aren't paying attention to 16. _Les da un ataque de b. They take a long time. caspa. c. They put up with the situati _—Muestran los dientes. d. They are making fun of us. __No nos dan bola. e. They are going out on the t . No saben qué hacerse —_f. They do the right thing. del mal genio. g. They are smiling. |. _No se hacen mala h. They aren’t getting upset. sangre. i. They aren't having any fun. __Redemoran. j. They have a fit. k 23. 24 C.La . __Se comen el buey. . They are in such a bad mood __Se estan cachondeando they don’t know what to do. . They are waiting in line. de nosotros. _ _Van de parranda. terminacién perfecta. Find the right word from the list to end each sentence. (Two words will not be used.) escoba leche madre pataleta corte amolado cuchara moscas relajo canoa churquitos _huesos paro trdmites 25. Hoy mi hermano est nervioso. Esté como perro en 26. 27. 28. 29. He trabajado mucho y ahora me duelen hasta los Eduardo recibe sus papeles pronto porque tiene santos en la iQué bien lo pasamos! Esta fiesta esta a toda Es tan flaco el profesor. Es un palo de 33. No quiero hablar con Gertrudis. Es mala 34. Nuestros amigos nos dejaron con los 39. Ivan just got a good job. (He) . 40. Esmeralda won a free ticket to Panama. She is . . a1. Repaso 1 83 40, Ese sefior causa problemas porque siempre quiere meter la "31, Mis primos no estudian en verano; s6lo echan 32, Oye, mi pana, :no puedes hacerme un ? hechos. 35. Vamos a cerrar la puerta con Ilave por si las 36. Pareces muy cansado. ;Te dejaron bien ! Palabras revueltas. Unscramble the words and write the Spanish expressions from the list that are hidden in the mixed-up letters. ‘Two expressions from the list will not be used. es lo maximo esté en la gloria esté en la olla esta muy bolo esta toda derretida feliz como una lombriz me provoca un tinto me tronaron 37. Norma has a high opinion of her new boss. She thinks that (he)... [se ol oxémmi] ; ! 38. Daniel has a bad feeling about his exams. He says, “I’m afraid that . . .[em nratoonr] ‘ . . [tasé ne al rilago] i ! . [zefil mooc anu bozlirm] i Margarita just hit a baseball right through the neighbor's window. Now (she) [sate ne al allo] 42. Linda is madly in love. (She) [tes4 odat tirredade] with her boyfriend.84 ReEpAso 1 Repaso 1 85 E. Pero, zqué querrén decirme? Choose the correct meaning for ¢ 49. On a crowded street in Barcelona, someone approaches you and following Spanish words or expressions. shouts, “jOiga!”? What does it mean? a. Watch out! b. Get out of the way! c. I want to talk to you! 43. You get to a meeting and your Costa Rican friend says, “jQué zambrote!” a. How marvelous! b. What great organization! 50. A friend says to you, “No veo la hora de salir.” She’s telling you c. What a mess! that a. she doesn’t know what time it is b. she can’t wait to go out c. she doesn’t know where the exit is 44. You make a comment to your friend from Spain, and he says, “;No me cabrées!” a. Don't go away! b. Don't make me mad! c. Don't be ridiculous! 45. Someone asks you for your direccién. What do they want to know? a. how to get to your house b. your address c. your place of work 46. In Chile, a girl introduces you to her pololo. Who is he? a. her boyfriend b. her brother c. her best buddy 47. Your Mexican friend tells you there is a restaurant that is padris mo. That means that it is a. great b. horrible c. old-fashioned 48. Your Uruguayan friend calls and says, “Tengo resaca.” That means he or she is a. depressed b. hung over c. confused. CAPITULO 6 . {Qué flores me esta echando! GIVING AND ACCEPTING COMPLIMENTS AND PRAISE GOSSIPING [Conversacion 1 {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 87 {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! Lima, Peni, a las 10:30 de la noche. Es la sobremesa en casa de la familia Flores. Marta Flores, su hijo y su sobrina estén con un invitado, el doctor Jestis Silva. Marta Un poquitin mas de pisco, doctor? TA DR.S. — Sdlo un pelito, gracias, Marta. ;Qué delicia! En esta casa Dr.s. manya bien. Papear con los amigos del alma—esto le h: la felicidad a cualquier zapallo. jFelicitaciones, Marta! La ce fue sabrosisima. Marta ¢Cémo cree? Yo no tengo el mérito de esto. Déle las PA cias ala sirvienta, que ella preparé el papeo. DR.S. Pero Ud. planed la lista de platos tan exquisitos y arreglé la = casa con un ambiente tan alegre. Marta Ay, don Jestis, jqué flores me esta echando! A RE 1a, Peru, 10:30 p.m. It’s after-dinner discussion (sobremesa) time at the s home. Marta Flores, her son, and her niece are with a guest, Dr. Jestis A teeny little bit more pisco brandy, doctor? Only a tiny bit (a little hair), thanks, Marta. How delicious! In this house we eat well. Chowing down (potatoing) with good old buddies (friends of the soul)—that is what brings happiness to any person from Lima (zucchini squash person)! Congratulations, Marta! Supper was very tasty. Not at all! (How can you think that?) I can’t take credit for this, Thank the maid since she prepared the supper (potato dish). But you planned the menu of exquisite dishes and arranged the house with such a cheery atmosphere. Oh, Jesits (the doctor’s first name), what compliments (flowers) you are giving (throwing at) me!88 CAPITULO SEIS LAURA Dr. S. MARTA FLAVIO. MARTA jOjo! Es verdad, tia. En tu casa, la cena més sencilla se convierte una jarana. Ademis, jqué buena moza esta Ud. esta noche! {Muy guapa! Ese color violeta le sienta muy bien. Esté como reina. {Qué ocurrencia! Ud. es muy amable, doctor. Creo mis que ando chapada a la antigua. No es cierto, mami. Estas tan guapa como para que te dén piropos en la calle. Basta ya. Ahorita vamos a tomar el postre y el café. ee + {Qué flores me esté echando! (What compliments you are giving me!) Literally, echar flores a alguien means to throw flowers at someone. + Sobremesa (On top of the table) is the Hispanic custom of ting around the table after dinner and talking for an hour or two. * Pisco is a strong brandy made from grapes or potatoes in P Bolivia, and Chile. When lime juice, egg white, sugar, and i are added, it becomes a pisco sour. * Manyar and papear are the usual ways of saying to eat in Chupar means to drink but it is considered vulgar by some. Papear and papeo (meal) come from papa, the word for pol in Latin America (in contrast with patata, which is used in Spain). These words remind us that potatoes were discovered pre-Columbian times in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia, developed further by the Incan Empire, and later spread thro out the world after the Spanish conquest. {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 89 It’s true, Auntie. In your house the simplest supper becomes a fiesta. $. Besides, how lovely you are tonight! Very attractive. That pur- ple color really suits you (sits very well on you). You look like a queen. TA Not at all! (What a strange idea!) You are very kind, doctor. I rather think that I look a bit old-fashioned (turned out in the antique style). iO‘ That’s not true, Mom. You are so attractive that you could get street compliments (piropos). TA That’s enough. Right now let’s have coffee and dessert. —— * Zapallos (zucchini squashes) is the word limefios (people from Lima) often use when speaking about themselves, just as people from Buenos Aires call themselves portefios, Guatemalans call themselves chapines, Costa Ricans call themselves ticos, Nicaraguans call themselves nicas, and Salvadorans call them- selves guanacos. Cémo cree? (How can you think that?) This is a phrase that can be said after someone gives you a compliment. In Spanish it is not the custom to say thank you for compliments as people frequently do in English. However, humble disclaimers like this ‘One are used when one feels the compliment is excessive or sim- ply wants to appear modest. Other phrases that can be used in a similar way: ;Qué ocurrencia! (What a strange idea!), No debe decir eso. (You shouldn't say that), Ud. es muy amable (You are very kind), or the somewhat old-fashioned Favor que Ud. me hace (How nice of you to say so).90 CAPITULO SEIS [Conversacion 2 {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 91 Sirvienta is a standard way to say maid or servant. Servill means napkin (servillette in Canada), but in Peru it is also ao mon word for maid, female servant, although it is considered slightly pejorative by some people. Particular regional words indicate this useful person, the housemaid, abound: muc: (Argentina), empleada (Chile), muchacha (Mexico), crias (Spain). Jesiis and the feminine form Jesusa are traditional names # are commonly used in Spain and many parts of Latin Ameri though they are not as popular as they used to be. Nicknames are Jesusito, Jesusita, or Chuchi, Chucha. (The word Chi has a vulgar connotation in Chile, however, and should not used as a nickname there.) To compliment a woman (man) on how well she (he) looks, words buena moza (buen mozo for the man) or guapa (guapo for the man) are always appropriate for all ages and sexes. In Argentina and Uruguay, a common compliment is to tell a woman she looks very paquete (literally “package”). + Ahorita means right now in Peru, Mexico, and many parts of Central America, and ahora means now in the sense of pretty soon, or in a little while. (Among Cubans and Venezuelans, it is just the reverse: ahora means right now and ahorita, in a little while.) Ahorita is not used at all in the Southern Cone. In Chile, the expression for right now is al tiro (at the gun shot). Piropos (street compliments given by men to passing women) are still common in Lima and in many other parts of Spain Latin America. They range from the artistic, poetic, and since to the rude or cliché, depending on circumstances and local inclination. (See examples on page 101.) Mas tarde, los dos jévenes charlan a solas en el living. LAURA FLavio. h the two young people chat by themselves in the living room. Y ese doctor Silva, gquién es? Parece el trome del barrio. And that Dr. Silva, who is he? He seems like the neighbor- hood expert. Nada de eso. Tiene la costumbre de caerse por acé de Not at all (nothing of that). He has the habit of dropping in en cuando y comer a la suerte de Ia olla. (falling down around here) from time to time and eating potluck (to the luck of the pot).92 CapiTULO SEIS LAURA FLAVIO LAURA FLAVIO LauRA FLAVIO LAURA FLAVIO. LAURA Ojo! * Trome means expert or wizard in Peruvian slang. In El Salva No me digas. :Es paracaidista? Mas o menos, pero también es un gallo simpitico. No lo piola pero tampoco es de los “Silvas que silban.” Pobre pero caballero. Elogia mucho a tu mami, pero creo que es sincero. Me ei bien. La que es insoportable es su mujer. Es tu tocaya, la dofia Laura. No me gusta tirar arroz a nadie, pero esa vieja es creida, 2Laura Walton es su mujer? La conoci en la despedida de soltera de Manuela Salazar. Se cree la divina pomada. Entré con la nariz parada, hablando con grandes infulas de casa del campo. He visto esa casa. Es una chacra destartalada en un pueblu- cho. ¢Por qué no vino esta noche? Obvio. Hoy es martes 13. Dofia Laura es una supersticiosa IO remate. A lo mejor no le gusta salir los dias de mala suerte. iQué cosa! jPero precisamente es cuando debe salir, como es Laura tan bruja! ee ee they speak of the cacique del barrio in this sense. * The paracaidista (parachutist) is one of the traditional charact types in Lima. This is the person who drops down “out of tht sky” at dinner time in other people's houses. + Gallo (rooster) is one of the many animal words used in co slang, and it means fellow, guy. See page 20 (Chapter 2). {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 93 No kidding! (Don't tell me.) He's a freeloader (parachutist)? More or less, but he’s also a good egg. He’s not in the gutter (passing it piola) but neither is he one of the “rich Silvas” (the Silvas that whistle). Poor but honorable (a gentleman) He praises your mother a lot, but I think he’s sincere. He seems nice enough to me (he falls well on me). The one who is unbearable is his wife. She’s got the same name as you (she’s your tocaya), dofia Laura. I don’t like to criticize (throw rice at) anyone, but that old gal is very con- ceited (believed). Laura Walton is his wife? I met her at the wedding shower for Manuela Salazar. She thinks she’s God’s gift (divine hand cream)! She came in with her nose up in the air (standing up), talking with great airs about her house in the country. I've seen that house, It’s a tumble-down shack in a one-horse (ugly old) town. Why didn’t she come tonight? Obvious. Today is Tuesday the 13th. Dofia Laura is hopelessly (terminally) superstitious. She probably doesn’t like to go out on bad luck days. Isn’t that something? But that’s just when she should go out since she’s such a witch! —— * The “Silvas que silban” is a pun because the letters b and v are Pronounced exactly the same way in Spanish. * Tocayo(-a) refers to a person with the same first name as yours, so Laura is the tocaya of Laura Walton. * Tirar arroz (to throw rice) at someone is to criticize or talk badly about that person.94 CapiTULO SEIS + The despedida de soltera, the sending away of the single girl, gmo cree? good-bye party for the bride before her wedding and is really more in the spirit of a female stag party than a wedding show Piada Chacra is a small country house. Almost every region has its de remate particular term for a home in the country. However, strong clas despedida de soltera distinctions exist. For instance, in Peru and Chile, a chacra is the lower or middle class and a fundo is a large estate for flores wealthier people (equivalent to hacienda in many regions or estancia in Argentina). empleada (Ud.) como una reina. The ending -ucho(-a) is negative, indicating that something is large, ugly, or bad in some way, such as pueblucho implying town (pueblo) that is probably small and run down. (See page 203 for more on negative endings.) estancia The unlucky days in Hispanic culture are not Friday the 13th, but Tuesday or Thursday the 13th or, in the case of Lima, also Sunday the 7th. VOCABULARIO DEL CAPITULO a la suerte de la olla (to the luck of the pot) potluck ahorita (diminutive of ahora) right now, sooner than now (not used in Spain or Southern Cone); in Cuba and Venezuela it means th opposite: in a little while, not now but E later. cae bien. al tiro (at the throw) right away (Chile) mucama los amigos del alma (friends of the soul) buddies, pals E muchacha de eso. s 13, jueves 13 la bruja witch ; caerse por acd to drop in here S nicas la chacra country cottage (Peru) No debe decir eso. chapado(-a) a la antigua _ old-fashioned los chapines slang term for Guatemalans chupar to drink alcohol (considered vulgar in so regions) {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 95 How can you think that? (disclaimer after a compliment) maid (Spain) (terminally) hopelessly, completely send-off party for the bride before her wedding (to throw flowers) to compliment maid, employee (Chile) You look like (as beautiful as) a queen. large country estate (Argentina and Uruguay) (Favor that you do me.) How nice of you to say so. good-looking, attractive slang term for Salvadorans large country estate (used in many regions) airs, pretentious attitude people from Lima, Peru to eat (Peru) Tuesday the 13th, Thursday the 13th (con- sidered unlucky days in Spanish-speaking countries) He (She, It) pleases (suits) me. maid (Argentina) maid, girl (Mexico) Not at all. None of that. slang term for Nicaraguans You shouldn't say that. (to potato) to eat (Peru) dinner96 CAPITULO SEIS paquete el paracaidista pasarlo piola los piropos el pisco Pobre pero caballero. los portefios el pueblucho iQué delicia! iQué ocurrencia! Se cree la divina pomada. la servilleta la sobremesa sélo un pelito los ticos tirar arroz el trome tu tocayo(-a) Usted es muy amable. los zapallos jA USTED LE Toca! A. {Misterio, misterio! Identify the following people or objects. 1. Qué casualidad! (What a coincidence!) Muchas veces yo Mego a la de mis amigos ala hora de comer y resulta que me invitan a la 2Qué soy yo? Un(a) p. jQUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 97 (package) chic, well-turned out (referri 2, Soy una bebida alcohélica muy fuerte, hecha a base de uva (grape) to a woman) (Argentina) que se sirve en Pert y Chile. sCémo me llamo? El o (parachutist) frecloader 3, Soy hombre y tengo el mismo nombre que mi amigo. ;Qué somos to be in a bad way economically (Peru) mi amigo y yo? Somos t____. a al Pe) Sinénimos. Match the synonyms. randy : 1. echar flores a. comida (common saying) Poor but dignified (a Bs cnanyar eae gentleman). — ‘ _3. papeo c. criada (empleada, muchacha, people from Buenos Aires mucama) one-horse town _4. servilleta d. limefio (hombre de Lima) (What a delight!) How delicious! _5. tirar arroz e. elogiar The very idea! _6. trome f. comer . zapallo g. criticar She thinks she’s hot stuff (the divine cream). Completar la frase. the maid (Peru), napkin i : 1. Es la hora de comer y te invitamos a la suerte de la after-dinner conversation at the table just a tiny bit (little hair) 2. Ese hombre es buena persona. Es pobre pero slang for Costa Ricans 3. Mi tia lleva ropa que no esta de moda. Es chapada a la (to throw rice) to criticize —___. 4. Mirella Flores es mi mejor amiga. Somos amigas del 5. Ese hombre es simpatico. Me cae muy 6. Mis primos no tienen dinero. Lo pasan expert, wizard (Pert) a person with the same first name as y¢ You are very kind. people from Lima + Situaciones. Follow the instructions, using expressions from this chapter, Your hostess how lovely she looks and how nicely she has arranged the house. Then say something complimentary to your host.98 CAaPiTULO SEIS {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 99 2. Someone has just told you at a dinner party that you are brilliant that a project you did is superb. Say some disclaimers so that you d appear too vain or lacking in modesty. can tell which part of Spain a person's family came from. For aple, is the national hero of Chile, and Carlos Menem and Alberto 4 Latin America have traditionally been less socially and economically ile than North Americans, it is common in many places for people there able to tell socioeconomic status from a surname. This is what young means when he tells his cousin that Dr. Silva is “de los Silvas que silban” (from the Silvas who don't whistle, i.e., don’t have money). Last names (apellidos) sometimes reflect professions from the past as sy do in English, like Herrero for (black)smith or Guerrero for war- or they refer to the father or grandfather with the ending -ez, as in tinez (son of Martin) or Gonzalez (son of Gonzalo). Hispanic ple often have more last names than English speakers, since they fre- ntly keep both father’s and mother’s surnames, in that order (with y and in between). A woman retains her maiden name (apellido de yra) after marriage as her legal name. On some occasions, however, may add de and her husband’s last names too which means her full can become quite long. For example, Helena Dominguez y lez marries Daniel Alvarez y Prieto and then becomes Helena guez y Gonzalez de Alvarez y Prieto. (See the jokes at the end of chapter for some humorous examples of this.) First names, usually called nombres cristianos (Christian names), v€ a special importance because it is common to celebrate not only your but also el dia de tu santo, your saint’s day, the date assigned to name saint on the traditional religious calendar. For example, March the feast of San José (St. Joseph), so all the Josés or Josefinas will Sents and parties on that day. Tocayos (people with the same first Ne) often celebrate together. Many Spanish names have close English nts, like Mary (Marfa), Joseph José), George (Jorge), or Margaret ita). Other first names sound strange to English ears for various « Many come from the Christian tradition. Concepcién 'on), Refugio (Refuge), and Amparo (Shelter) are all common for girls because they signify attributes of the Virgin Mary. Similarly, Often called Jestis, Rafael or Angel, or they may be named for figures, such as Héctor, Aristételes, Aquiles, or Platén. 3. It's the day after a party and you want to describe someone you met there and liked. 4. It’s the day after a party and you want to describe someone you met there and did not like. ; VOCABULARY AND CULTURE NAMES IN SPAIN AND LATIN AMERICA: How Important Is A NAME? In Spain and Latin America, names are important, diverse, and evolving, i many ways similar to and in others different from English names. They often linked to social responsibility. In the seventeenth-century play El burlador de Sevilla (The Joking Playboy of Seville, which was written by priest as a moral allegory), the main character tries to escape his role in soci and so, when he arrives in the dark to deflower a young maid and is asked identify himself, he replies, “Un hombre sin nombre” (a man without name). Ironically, the many versions of this story have been so popular ove the years that the name of this character, Don Juan, has become well in many languages as an eponym for a heartless seducer, and his last name, Tenorio, is also used in Spanish to denote a man of this inclination. Not surprisingly, Hispanic last names (apellidos) often tell people nationality or origin of a person's ancestors, since Spain and Latin i have received many generations of immigrants. Bernardo O'Higgins,100 CapiTULo SEIS {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 101 The picture becomes even more complex because of the very 6, The names Refugio and Amparo are habit of using nicknames of all sorts: Pancho for Pedro, Paco for a. men’s names of classical origin Francisco, Pepe for José, Chuchi or Chus for Jestis, and many m Frequently, friends or families will invent their own particular ap. (nicknames), often referring to some physical attribute. A Mexican with curly hair may be called Chino (Mexican for curly), and a girl pug nose, Chata. This custom is not considered offensive in any way, Indeed, terms like gordo(-a) (fat, chubby), flaco(-a) (thin), or ne are affectionate terms of endearment. (See page 122.) b. women’s names of religious origin c. surnames of Basque origin 7. One difference in the use of nicknames between English and Latino cultures is that Latinos a. don't like nicknames that refer to physical attributes b. use gordo (chubby) as an affectionate term instead of an insult Selecciones. Choose the best way to finish each statement, ¢. don't like ¢0 use nicknames ac all 1. In Spain or Latin America, a tenorio is a man who a. has lots of money b. runs after women c. writes poetry ARTE DEL PIROPO Y DEL CONTRAPIROPO custom or art of the street compliment is alive and well in many parts Spain and Latin America. Here are a few traditional ones. (México) “;Cémo me gustaria tener pulgas como ésa en mi petate!”” 2. An example of cultural diversity is the national hero of Chile, whose name is a. Alberto Fujimori b. Carlos Menem c. Bernardo O'Higgins “How Vd like to have fleas like that in my sleeping mat!” eri) “Oh, mi vecina, jc6mo me gusta! jEs bien robusta y c6mo. i gl i y fs 3. The literal meaning of the last name Enriquez is pe usta a. very rich “Oh, my neighbor lady, how I like you! You are so healthy and how you b. warrior hold yourself together!” c. son of Enrique “{Qué buen lomo! ;Tu cuerpo es un monumento y quiero estudiar 4. Marta Mujioz Vaca gets married to Paco Vidal Blanco; then hi arquitectura!” legal name is a. Marta Mufioz Vaca b. Marta Mufioz de Blanco c. Marta Vidal “What a good back! Your body is a monument and I want to study » architecture! is also a tradition of clever comebacks on the women’s part that are 5. Besides their cumpleaiios (birthday), every year Hispanics also in the form of rhyming putdowns. For example: ebrate their Gil de la calle: “jAy, chula linda, eres mi delirio!” a. apellido de soltera Guy on the street: “Oh, gorgeous babe, you are my delirium!” b. dia de santo c. derecho al apodo a2 99 AS tH OE PT AT102 CapiTULO sEIS {QUE FLORES ME ESTA ECHANDO! 103 Respuesta de mujer: “Mis bien para mi jserias un martirio!” Answer fiom the woman: “Rather for me you would be ‘inferium’ (martyrdom)!” 4, Elsa Pito took Eduardo Madera as her husband and now she’s called Elsa Pito de Madera, “the little wooden toad.” (Sapito means little toad and madera means wood.) a . Lucilda Casas and Marco Mesa had a baby boy and they named him Armando. He should study carpentry because his name is Armando Mesa y Casas, “Setting up a table and houses.” (Armar means fo set up or construct, mesa table, and casas houses. a 7 CHISTES SOBRE NOMBRES Los chistes sobre nombres abundan en espafiol. Aqui hay algunos eje 1. Una chica que se lama Linda Botella se casé con Juan Leche. su marido la presenta como su “Linda Botella de Leche. "AS, MOTES Y APODOS DE LOS LIMENOS 2. jPobre Zoila Concha! Se casé con Carlos Fierro y ahora se lama 5 los barrios de Lima es costumbre inventar chapas a la gente y muchas “Zoila Concha de Fierro” (Soy la concha de fierro). e & 2 éstas son picantes. Aqui estan algunos comentarios al respecto: 3. Dolores Fuertes se casé con Sergio Barriga y ahora se llama : oy 2Qué le ponen a esa chica tan bien dotada con el cuerpo que “Dolores Fuertes de Barriga. asesina? 4. Elsa Pito tomé como marido a Eduardo Madera y ahora se llama “Elsa Pito de Madera” (El sapito de madera). La llaman La extremista porque cuando camina “agita las masas”. 2Qué apodo le dan a ese borracho sinvergiienza que siempre pelea 5. Lucilda Casas y Marco Mesa tuvieron un bebé y lo llamaron Ar con todo el mundo? Debe estudiar carpinteria porque se llama “Armando Mesa y Casas. Lo llaman Parroquia abandonada porque “no tiene cura.” Jokes asouT NAMES IES IN THE STYLE OF LIMA, PERU hi i i ish. fe : : There are many jokes about names in Spanish. Here are a few examy neighborhoods of Lima it’s customary to make up nicknames for the ts and often these are quite “spicy.” Here are a few commentaries them: 1. A girl named Linda Botella marries Juan Leche. Now her husb: presents her as his Linda Botella de Leche (lovely milk bottle). (Linda is a common first name which also means lovely, and B is; ; : . : and Leche are common surnames that also mean bottle and mille at are they calling that girl who is so well endowed with the killer body? They call her “The Extremist” because when she walks she “agi- tates the masses.” 2. Poor Zoila Concha! She married Carlos Fierro and now her Zoila Concha de Fierro, “I am the iron seashell.” (Concha me: seashell but in Chile and some other places it is also a vulgar tert ee ea ees What nickname are they giving that good-for-nothing drunk who always fights with everyone? 3. Dolores Fuertes got married to Sergio Barriga and now she’s c: Dolores Fuertes de Barriga, “Strong Pains of the Belly.” (Dol a common first name but also means pains, fuertes means strong, barriga means belly.) They call him “abandoned parish” because he doesn’t have any Cure. (In Spanish this is a pun because cura means both cure in the sense of remedy and priest.){QUE BARBARO! 105 . CAPITULO 7 . {Qué barbaro! TELLING A STORY EXPRESSING SURPRISE eee a SE HA ESFUMADO. ES EL AS DE LA BARAJA. [Conversacion 1 Dos amigas, muy chismosas y metiches, se encuentran en la calle en San Jui Puerto Rico. Empiezan a montar un cotorreo en plena calle. very gossipy and nosy friends run into (meet) each other on a street in San 1» Puerto Rico. They start a long chat (gab session) in the middle of the street. MATILDE Qué notas me cuentas, Amalia? ;Cémo estén Fernando y Ana? What news is there (What notes will you tell me), Amalia? How are Fernando and Ana? AMALIA Pues, la verdad . . . Bueno, como diré? Well, the truth is... Uh, what shall I say? MatiLpe Destdpate, comay . . . ;Qué pasa? Spit it out (uncap yourself), comay. What's happening? AMALIA Parece que rompieron. It seems they've broken up. Matitpe = ;{Diantre! Holy smoke (Devil)! AMALIA Es que, pues... Te’s just that, well... Maritve — Saca los trapos al sol, que yo no diré nada a nadie. Give me the low-down (take the rags/clothes out into the sun), I won't tell anyone. AMALIA — Si prometes no decir nada, es que Ana salié embarazada If you promise not to say anything, Ana got pregnant and... MaTILDE Ay, bendito! Asi que se comié el sanduche antes di recreo, ch? Bless my soul! (Blessed one!) So they ate the sandwich before recess, huh? 104106 CapiTULO SIETE AMALIA MATILDE AMALIA MAaTILDE AMALIA MATILDE jOjo! * Pleno(-a) means whole, complete. It can also mean in the mid as en pleno desierto in the middle of the desert, en pleno invierno in the middle of winter. * Notas, like noticias, can be buenas or malas. In some cot tries, una mala nota refers to a thing or a person that is dis agreeable. * Comay is short for comadre, a close friend who is someti also the godmother of one’s child (the original meaning of comadre). In times past, the comadre was the person desi ed to care for a child in case of illness or death of the mot something like modern-day insurance. + jDiantre! (also ;Dianche!) means devil and is used to expr surprise or dismay, something like ;demonios! It sometimes ends in an /s/ sound (jdiantres!). In some areas, such as M and Puerto Rico, people say ;Chanfle! with this meaning. Another expression for this purpose, now a bit old-fashion iRayos! (lightning rays), still used in expressions like Qué rayos pasa? What the dickens is happening? * jAy, bendito! (blessed one) expresses sympathy and is very mon in Puerto Rico. Y Fernando se ha esfumado. Es el as de la baraja. iHfjole! Qué barbaro! Si. Y ti, gqué me cuentas? Hay algo nuevo sobre el divo de Jaime y Maria? Oh, esta que arde. Pero, ya tui sabe’ que no me gusta ri tir chismorreos. Claro. Entonces escucha atentamente la primera vez . . —_— = scarce (the ace of the deck), Wow! Good grief! (How barbaric!) about Jaime and Maria’s divorce? like to repeat gossip. Of course not. So listen carefully the first time . . . —_ * Se comié el sanduche antes del recreo (Puerto Rico) or Se comié la torta antes de la fiesta (they ate the cake before the party) mean that something was enjoyed before it should have been. iQué barbaro! means literally, How bar- baric! It roughly equals Good grief! or How shocking! ;Qué barbaridad! is similar in meaning. (The word barbaric comes from the Greek word for Soreigner, stranger.) Ya tt sabe’: The letters s and d frequent- ly go unpronounced, especially in Caribbean Spanish, and these forms are Sometimes written as they sound in dia- logue. So na’ma’ = nada mis, uste’ = Usted, e’toy = estoy, una’ diez = unas diez, etc. Ya ti sabes may be reduced ‘ven further in speech in the Caribbean, Sometimes sounding almost like Ya té sa’. Claro js very common, meaning Sure, yes, ® course (not), clearly. Yes. And you, what news do you have? {QUE BARBARO! 107 And Fernando has disappeared into thin air. He’s made himself Is there anything new Oh, it’s at a fever pitch (it’s burning). But you know I don't I © Antonio Mingote108 = CapiTULO SIETE [Conversacion 2 En una plaza en San Juan, Puerto Rico. FERNANDO —Nitida, bien chévere. Chécala. (Se dan la mano.) FERNANDO To’el tiempo pa’lante. Ejele, has oido el cuento del FERNANDO ~—_Un monje va a comprar un loro, gviste?, y le dice al di José Hola, compa. jOtra vez nos encontramos! Eres como arroz blanco: te veo hasta en la sopa. ;Cémo es: movida? Jost ¥ de la vida, ¢qué mas? monje? José No, pues no sé. (Se sientan en un banco a platicar.) del loro: —Quiero que esté bien educado, :eh? Nada de palabrotas, es para el monasterio. —Huy, no se preocupe, tengo el loro que usted necesita—le el dueiio—. Fijese, fijese qué bonito es, y si le tira de la derecha le reza el Padre nuestro.—Y al tirarle de la patita derecha, el loro se pone a recitar el Padre nuestro. iCielo verde! Eso est4 muy bien, con tal que no diga groserias—dice el monje. —No se preocupe; es un loro muy religioso. Imaginese, si le de la patita izquierda se pone a cantar misa en latin.—Y al ti le de la patita izquierda el loro se pone a cantar misa en lat —jQué maravilla, qué maravilla! Bueno, pues si no dice pala me lo Ilevo. —Total que el monje se Ileva el loro al monasterio. Retine al resto de los hermanos para decirles: jQUE BARBARO! 109 a plaza in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Hi, pal. So we see each other again! You're like white rice; I see you even in the soup (i.e, everywhere). How’s the action? Great, very good. Put it here. (Hit it, referring to a hand.) (They shake hands.) And what else is happening in your life? (And of life, what more?) Onward and upward. (All the time forward.) Hey, have you heard the story about the monk? No. Well, I don’t know. (They sit down on a bench to chat.) A monk goes to buy a parrot, see, and he says to the parrot’s owner: “I want it to be well brought up, eh? No swear words because it’s for the monastery.” “Oh, don’t worry, I have just the parrot that you need,” says the owner. “Look, just look at how pretty he is, and if you pull his right foot he says the Lord’s Prayer.” And when he pulls his right foot, the parrot begins to recite the Lord’s Prayer. “Good grief! (Green sky!) That's very good, provided that he won't say anything gross,” says the monk. “Don’t worry; he’s a very religious parrot. Just imagine, if you pull his left foot he begins to sing the mass in Latin.” And when he pulls his left foot, the parrot begins to sing the mass in Latin. “What a marvel! What a marvel! Well, if he doesn’t say swear words T'll take him.” And so the monk takes the parrot to the monastery. He gets the rest of the brothers together to tell them: “Look, I’ve bought this parrot to keep us company. He’s a marvel; he doesn't say swear words, and if we pull his right foot he says the Lord’s Prayer. But that’s nothing, because if we pull his left foot he sings the mass in Latin.”110 CAPITULO SIETE jOjo! —Miren, he comprado este loro para que nos haga comp: —Y si le tiramos de las dos patitas, ;qué pasa?—pregunta uw —jMe caigo de la puta percha y estrello contra el jodido si + Viste? (past form of gves?) is used commonly to make sure una maravilla; no dice palabrotas y si le tiramos de la pati derecha reza el Padre nuestro. Pero eso no es nada, porque tiramos de la patita izquierda canta misa en latin. los hermanos—. Y contesta el loro: idiota! —_ Eres como arroz blanco: In the Caribbean and in many Hispanic areas, rice is a common staple. Sales hasta en la is a similar expression to indicate that someone is seen e where. La movida is movement, action; to be en la movida is lil being en la onda, “with it.” Nitido(-a) can mean excellent, perfect, correct, very acceptable. Chécala means literally, hit it, referring to one’s hand; this ta form. listener is following. gCachas? (Get it?) has the same use bt even more colloquial; it comes from the English to catch, as Catch the drift? ¢Cachaste? (the past form) is also heard. are ta forms. jHuy! expresses surprise or admiration, something like is sometimes used to express pain, meaning Ouch! Ponerse a, followed by an infinitive, is to begin to, literally or put oneself to doing something. Total que is used to sum up, meaning So. . . jQuE BARBARO! 111 “And if we pull both feet, what happens?” asks one of the brothers. And the parrot answers: “I fall off the damn perch and see stars on the friggin’ floor, idiot!” ——__— * Puto is used in many places to mean pimp or homosexual. Puto(-a) can be used as an adjective; no hicieron ni puto caso, zdénde esta el puto problema (la puta maquina)?, etc. The expression is of course vulgar. + Jodido(-a) comes from the verb joder, which can mean to screw, bother, trick, or just plain “bug” someone. It normally just means to bother but is much stronger than molestar and can be vulgar. It can also mean to break, as in Ese nifio jodié el televisor. joven reportero decide hacer una entrevista al hombre con la mejor joria del mundo. Llega a un pequefio pueblo en las montafias, donde el anciano. —Disculpe le dice al viejo— he ofdo decir que es usted el hom- bre con la mejor memoria del mundo. ¢Es cierto? —Si, si, joven. Eso dicen. —Sélo por curiosidad, por ejemplo . . . zme podria decir qué comié, tal dia como hoy, hace cuarenta y tres afios? Huevos... —jDios mio! jIncreible! ‘ertero todo emocionado le hace la entrevista de su vida y realiza ndido reportaje que tiene éxito mundial. El hombre gana el Ty se hace famoso. Pasan los aiios y nuestro joven reportero, ya112 CapiTULo SIETE jQUE BARBARO! 113 cincuentén, reflexiona: “Todo lo debo a aquel reportaje que le hi vejete. Voy a visitar su tumba; creo que deberia darle las gracias.” Forges (Spain) Al llegar al pueblo del anciano, va al cementerio pero no encuentra tumba del vejete. Extrafiado, pregunta si lo enterraron en otra —jNo, si no ha muerto! —le contesta una sefiora. —No ha muerto? No puede ser. ;Si ya era un viejo hace afios! Y sale hacia la casa del viejo. Alli lo encuentra, de nuevo, sentado misma silla, leyendo un libro. —Pero, como? . . . —Fritos. Oculista sordo angustiando a un paciente —laB. —No sefior. —iDios mio, estoy ciego! —_ A young reporter decides to interview the man with the best mem¢ the world. He arrives at a small town in the mountains, where the man lives. “Excuse me,” he says to the old man, “I’ve heard that y sordo deaf; angustiando causing anguish; ciego blind the man with the best memory in the world. Is it true?” “Yes, yes, young man. That's what they say.” “He hasn't died? It can't be! He was already an old man thirty years ago.” “Just out of curiosity, for example . . . could you tell me wl ate, on just such a day like today, forty-three years ago?” he goes off toward the old man’s house. There he finds him again, “Eggs... ; in the same chair, reading a book. E i ae My goodness! (My God!) Incredible! aa The reporter, all excited, interviews him about his life and creates into effect) a splendid report which has worldwide success. The man the Pulitzer and becomes famous. The years go by and our young r now fiftyish, reflects: “I owe everything to that report that I did of old man. I’m going to visit his tomb; I think I should pay him my Upon arriving at the old man’s town, he goes to the cemetery, but ht find the old fellow’s tomb. Surprised, he asks if they buried him in er place. “Fried.” * Dios or Dios mio is very commonly used in Spanish and is not considered blasphemous or offensive. Also used frequently is ;Ay, Dios santo!, My goodness (holy God). Similarly, in many coun- tries people say jJestis!, as well as the more common ;Salud! “No, since he hasn’t died!” a woman answers him.114 CaPpiTULO SIETE (Health!), after a sneeze. (For three sneezes, you might hear iJestis, Maria y José!) + Emocionado(-a) means excited; excitado(-a) usually refers to sexual excitement. + Hacerse often means become, as in hacerse rico(-a), famoso(-a), etc. + Cincuentén or cincuentona: For ages above forty (cuaren cuarentona), the -6n or -ona ending is used to emphasize VOCABULARIO DEL CAPITULO jAy, bendito! bien educado(-a) ¢Cachas? ¢Cachaste? iChanfle! los chismorreos Chécala. {Cielo verde! cincuentén, cincuentona iClaro! la comay (comadre) zCémo diré? 2Cémo esta la movida? Destapate (ti). (Blessed one!) Bless my soul!, used to express sympathy, common in Puerto. well brought up (present) Do you catch the drift? Get (past) Did you catch the drift? Got it? forms) Good grief! (used to express surprise 0 when there is a problem) gossip (Hit it.) Put it here (tt form, said wit handshake). (Green sky!) Holy smoke!, used t that something is surprising or unust fiftyish (the -6n is an augmentative, emphasizing age) Sure! Clearly! Of course! (“co-mother” of one’s child) close friend How shall I put it (say this)? How's the action? (Uncork yourself.) Open up. th que arde. (contra) ccitado(-a) fiado(-a) ginese (usted); ginate (tri). Ha) e (usted), Fijate (tu). §N cotorreo ser, iQUE BARBARO! 115 (evil!) Holy smoke!, used to express sur- prise or dismay hey (interjection like oye, listen) excited (You're like white rice: I see you even in the soup.) I see you (ta form) everywhere. to disappear into thin air (It’s burning.) It’s at fever pitch. to crash (against), fall and see stars aroused, excited (usually sexually) surprised, perplexed Just imagine. (“gross” thing, expression, etc.) vulgarity to become + adj. Wow! (expression of surprise), Darn! Wow! (expression of surprise), Ouch! (expression of pain) Just imagine. to screw, bother, trick, or “bug” someone; to break (something), commonly used but vulgar (past participle of joder) screwed, messed up, commonly used but vulgar (a bad note) an unpleasant thing or person, bad news nosy to start a gab session (clear, bright) great, perfect, correct, very acceptable It can't be.116 CapiTULO SIETE las palabrotas platicar pleno(-a) ponerse a + inf. puto(-a) iQué barbaridad! iQué barbaro! Qué notas me cuentas? jRayos! realizar romper (con alguien) sacar los trapos al sol Sales hasta en la sopa. salir embarazada Se comié el sanduche antes del recreo. Se comié la torta antes de la fiesta. jQUE BARBARO! 117 swear words (-ota is an augmentati as de la baraja (to be the ace of the deck) to make oneself added to palabra, word) scarce to talk, chat éxito (to have success) to be successful whole, complete; en plena calle in Yel tiempo pa’lante. (All the time forward.) Onward and middle of the street; en pleno invi, upward. in the middle of winter (total that) so, in short (to set or put oneself to doing sometl old man (Did you [té] see?) See? de la vida, gqué més? (And of life, what more?) What else is happening in your life? to begin to (do something) (pimp or whore) blasted, damn (vul; puta maquina the blasted machine; hacer ni puto caso not to pay any attention (What barbarity!) Good grief! (How barbarous!) Good grief! (What notes are you telling me?) What news can you tell me? tii sabe? you know (already) USTED LE TOCA! En otras palabras. For each underlined word or expression, give a (Lightning rays!) Good grief!, Blast! (@ "synonymous word or expression, choosing from the following: old-fashioned, used to express surprise when there is a problem); ¢Qué rayos pasa? What the dickens is happening? rompimos __ nitida extrafiado no puede ser notas se ponen _platicar esfumado plena total imaginate sales hasta en la sopa to make real or concrete, as a plan qué barbaro to break up (with someone) (to take the rags/clothes out into the st to give someone the low-down, air the dirty laundry Dos amigos, Juan y José, se ven en medio de la (1) calle y empiezan (2) a hablar (3). “jEres como arroz blanco! (4)” dice José. “;Cémo esta la movida?” “Chévere” (5), contesta Juan, “y ta, qué noticias (6) me Cuentas?” “Pues, fijate (7) que mi esposa y yo nos separamos (8). Ella se ha desaparecido (9)”, dice Juan. “jImposible!” (10), responde José, muy Sorprendido, (11) “Ustedes eran una pareja perfecta.” Asi (12) que Pasan un buen rato hablando hasta que por fin Juan dice, “Tengo una (You [ta] turn up even in the soup.) I you everywhere. to be (turn out) pregnant (The sandwich was eaten before recess.) Something was enjoyed before should have been. (The cake was eaten before the party.) cita a las tres. Nos vemos otro dia, eh?” “Si, hombre, hasta luego Hijole, jqué extrafio (13)!” se dice José a si mismo. Something was enjoyed before it sho have been.118 CapiTULO SIETE {QUE BARBARO! 119 B. :Qué falta? Complete the expressions on the left, then match the English equivalents on the right. una situacién informal, :qué dice usted . . _ antes de dar la mano __1. sacar los al sol a. to start a gab session para saber si alguien entiende lo que usted dice —?. ser el as de la __ b. to become rich | para describir una situacién explosiva —3. montar un _ c. to enjoy something pre | para expresar sorpresa (tres expresiones) _4. comer la____ antes de d. to be very nosy E la fiesta e. to make oneself scarce - __5. salir hasta en la___ f. to seem to be everywhere E _6. estar arde g. to bring out the dirty laur ie se rico h. to be at fever pitch __8. ser muy C. Amigos falsos. The following are false cognates; that is, they mean what an English speaker might think they mean. Give a defini English for each word. 1. embarazada . groseria excitado . éxito wR ON . Sopa a . bien educado 7. realizar D. Sinénimos. Match the synonyms. _1. comay a. ;Diantre! _2. anciano b. Viste? _3. jRayos! c. groserias _4. palabrotas d. muy mal (vulgar) _5. jodido e. vejete 6. :Cachaste? f. comadre. CAPITULO 8. juntos pero no revuelto EXPRESSING LOVE AND AFFECTION USING TERMS OF ENDEARMENT USING THE TELEPHONE [[Conversacion 1 Un apartamento elegante en Montevideo, Uruguay. Suena el teléfono. JIMENA Al6. Residencia Martinez. NacHo Hola, mi negra, ;cémo estas? Aqui estoy en Caracas, bomboncito, pero estoy pensando sélo en vos . . . en cuerpo que asesina . . . , en tu lindo pelo. . . JiMENA Ignacio, :cuantas copas has tomado? :Por qué me Il larga distancia para decirme tonterias? NACHO __ Jime, tesoro, no te pongas asi. ;Sabés que estoy loco por vos? JIMENA Qué noticias! Pensaba que éramos amigos, nada mds. ¢Y qué este cambio? ;Por qué ahora me querés? NacHo — jAy, mi reina! Pues... . , este . . . , sos tan hermosa. quiero por tu cara preciosa. . . 120 {JUNTOS PERO NO REVUELTOS! 121 iMI BOMBONCITO! {MI TESORO! {MI REINA! jant apartment in Montevideo, Uruguay. The telephone rings. iA Hello. Martinez residence. Hi, sweetie (my black one), how are you? Here I am in Caracas, honey pie (my little piece of candy), but I’m thinking only about you—about your killer body . . . your lovely hair . . . Nacho, how many drinks have you had (wineglasses have you taken)? Why are you calling me long distance to tell me non- sense? Jimena honey (little Jimena), darling (treasure), don’t get like that. Do you know that I’m crazy about you? News to me. I thought we were just friends. And why this change? Why do you love me now? Oh, sweetheart! Well... uh. . . you're so beautiful. I love you because of your lovely (precious) face . . .122 C JIMENA NACHO JIMENA jOjo! ‘APITULO OCHO {Qué maravilla! zMe querés por mi cara? ¢Es que no te sonalidad? Para vos yo soy una linda cara y nada més, g Claro. Digo, jno! ;Aja! Ahora caigo. Querés pelear y pl tarme para salir con otro. Me estas poniendo los cu gverdad, mi santa? jCélmate, Nacho! ;Cémo puedo ponerte cuernos cuando somos novios? Acordate de nuestro lema: “Juntos pero revueltos: jnada de celos!” Tengo que cortar. Me estan mando en otra linea. Besos y abrazos. ;Chau, chau! —_ + Juntos pero no revueltos means together but not romanticall involved. Literally, the second word, revueltos, means mi: scrambled together, as in huevos revueltos (scrambled eggs). + Alé or Hola are the usual ways of answering the telephone many places. In Mexico most people say Bueno (Good), in ot Miami, Oigo (I’m hearing), and in Spain, Diga (Tell) of Digame (Tell me). + Mi negra or mi negro (literally, my black one) is a commot equivalent for sweetie or darling, whether the loved one is skinned or not. Other terms of endearment are gordo(- chubby), flaco(-a) (skinny), and chato(-a) (pug-nosed). may sound rude to English speakers, but they express admit love and affection in Spanish. + Mi bomboncito (my little piece of candy) is typically Uruguayan, but many love expressions are universal, such tesoro (treasure), mi amor or amorcito (my love, my lit love), mi vida (my life), mi cielo (my heaven), corazén (heart), mi corazoncito (my little heart), mi duefio(-a) owner). iJUNTOS PERO NO REVUELTOS! 123 How marvelous! You love me for my face? So, I don’t have a personality? For you I'm a pretty face and nothing more, right? Naturally. I mean, no! Aha! Now I catch on (fall down)! You want to fight and break up with me so you can go out with someone else. You're cheating on me (putting the horns on me), right, my dear (my saint)? Calm down, Nacho! How can I be betraying you (putting horns on you) when we aren't going together? Remember our motto: “Together but not involved (scrambled, stirred up)—no jealousy!” I have to hang up (cut). They're calling me on another line. Hugs and kisses (kisses and hugs)! Bye, bye! “Es tan buen mozo que se me caen las medias cuando lo miro.” (See page 126.)124 CapiTULO OCHO [conversacion 2 Vos is the familiar you in Uruguay and Argentina, instead Most present-tense and command forms of verbs used wit altered, generally carrying the stress on a different syllable: Iamis instead of llamas, no me regaifiés instead of no regafies, querés instead of quieres, salis instead of sale are” becomes vos sos instead of ta eres. (Vs is also used ij various ways in Central America and several other regions.) Ignacio is the full name and Nacho, the nickname (el ay (See page 100 for more on nicknames.) Te quiero is I love (want) you and often suggests physical although it can mean more than that. Te amo means I love in a more spiritual way. The verb caer means to fall, but it’s slang for fo catch on or to \JUNTOS PERO NO REVUELTOS! 125 To put horns on a person (ponerle los cuernos) is to cheat on that man or woman with another lover. This derives from the medieval idea of the “cuckold” who sprouted horns when his wife deceived him. Besos y abrazos (Kisses and hugs) is a common way of signing off on the phone or in a letter. The order is reversed from that of the English hugs and kisses, as is often the case, e.g., it y venir (going and coming instead of coming and going as in English), de los pies a la cabeza (from the feet to the head instead of from head to toe), blanco y negro (white and black instead of black and white). Chau is taken from the Italian ciao. It is a very popular way of saying good-bye. Jimena contesta la llamada de la otra linea. JIMENA LORENA JIMENA LORENA JIMENA LORENA JIMENA Als, residencia Martinez. Hola, querida. Soy Lorena. ;Cémo andis, che? Lo mismo de siempre. Nacho me pegé un golpe de fono desde Caracas. zTe Mamé por cobrar? No, pero estaba tomado y ahora dice que me quiere. No realmente habla en serio. Luego se agarré una rabieta y corté. gPor qué salis con él? Me cae bien. Es gordito, pero simpatico, y tiene plata. Mis veteranos creen que es un buen partido. Pero te cuento | secreto, nena. Ahora pienso mucho en Martin Vargas. Es w churro barbaro, tan musculoso, y siempre me esta hat ojitos en el gimnasio. na answers the call on the other line. Hello. Martinez residence. Hi, Jimena dear. It’s Lorena. How are you doing, girl? The same as usual. Nacho called (hit me with a telephone blow) from Caracas. Did he call collect? No, but he’d been drinking and now he says he loves me. I don't know if he’s really serious or not. Later he threw a fit (he grabbed himself a rabies attack) and I hung up (cut). Why do you go out with him? I like him (he falls well to me). He’s a bit chubby, but very nice, and he has money (silver). My folks (veterans) think he’s a good match. But I'll tell you a secret, kid (little girl). Lately I’m thinking a lot about Martin Vargas. He’s a cool dude (sav- age fritter), so well built, and he’s always flirting with (making little eyes at) me in the gym.