UNIT-3

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a standard tool for digital imaging. It is developed and published by Adobe

Systems. It was created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll. Using this tool, we can edit any kind of images

like JPG, JPEG, BMP, PDF files etc.

Photoshop files have default file extension as .PSD, which stands for "Photoshop Document." A

PSD file stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include

layers with masks, transparency, text, colors etc.

Getting Started

The Photoshop application is started from a start menu or executing the application icon on the
desktop by clicking the icon using mouse. When you open Photoshop, the Photoshop desktop appears like
Title Bar Menu bar
the following.

Palettes
Tool Box Image Window

Status bar

Components of the Photoshop desktop include the menu bar, image window, toolbox, status bar,

and palettes.

Title Bar

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 The title bar is the part of the application, which shows s the Title of the application (Photoshop). It

also has control box and control buttons (Minimize, Maximize and close).

Menu Bar

The menu bar, at the top of the Photoshop desktop, includes several dropdown menus for choosing

commands like File, Edit, Image, Layers etc.

Option Bar

The option bar is another part of Photoshop which displays the options for the currently-selected

tool. Here we can change the options based on the tool which we selected the toolbox.

Image Window

The image window displays the current image. The name of the image file appears at the top edge

of the image window. If rulers are turned on, they appear at the top and left edges of the image window. To

display or hide rulers, choose Ctrl-R or View>Rulers.

Image Title Bar

The Image Title bar is shown the title of the image window. It also has control box and control

buttons (Minimize, Maximize and close).

Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the Photoshop desktop provides information about your current view

and other information that you can specify by choosing from a dropdown menu (in this example, the view is

now 33.33% and the document dimensions are 8.371" x 8.371").

Ruler

Rulers appear along the top and left side of the active window. Rulers show the size of your image.

Markers in the ruler display the pointer's position when you move it. These help us to arrange the image in

a specific location.

Palettes

Palettes enable you to perform a wide variety of tasks in Photoshop. To display or hide particular

palettes, go to the Window menu and choose a palette name.

Palettes are usually organized into groups. In the above example, Layers, Channels, and Paths are

a group. You can easily move a palette group by dragging its blue bar (at the top of the group). To shrink

a palette group, double-click on its blue bar. To hide a palette group, click its close box (the "X" on the

right side of the blue bar).

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 Toolbox

The toolbox contains tools for working with images in Photoshop. Only one tool is selected at any

given time. To select a tool, click on its icon in the toolbox.

Getting images into Photoshop

In order to do anything in Photoshop, you need to have an image. There are four main ways you

can bring an image into Photoshop:

You can open an existing image file by choosing File > Open or File>Browse. This would include

images you have downloaded to your computer from a digital camera or from the internet. Photoshop can

open most image file types.

If your computer is connected to a scanner with a Photoshop plug-in that has been properly

installed, you can scan an image into Photoshop by Choosing File > Import.

Features of Photoshop

Features of Photoshop : The Adobe Photoshop has several features, some of them are given below.
Creating New Files: This feature is used to a new file with different sizes, colors, resolutions, types etc.
Execution the File  New menu command to create new file.

Document navigation: Using this feature, we can navigate the document like the following.
 Tab will hide our palettes and tools. Shift + Tab only hides the palettes.
 Rolling the cursor to the edge of the screen while the palette and tools are hidden reveals them
(move away to hide).
 Ctrl + Tab will cycle though all open documents.
 The Page Up and Page Down keys to move one full screen up or down one full screen.
 Ctrl + Page Up and Page Down moves left or right one full screen.
 The Home key moves to upper left corner, the End key moves to lower right.

Cropping: This feature is used to cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image. When
we adding additional images to a document, we can use Image  Canvas Size and enter the value.
Choose Image  Reveal All to have Photoshop automatically increase the canvas to include all “hidden”
images information.

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Layers and Groups: This feature is used to create duplicate layers and layer groups. To delete a Group,
select Layer  Delete  Group or, on the Layers palette, with the Group selected, click the trash can
icon.

Tool presets and the preset manager: This feature is used to presets the tools. To create a tool preset,
set up the options for our tools, then click on the tool presets icon (in the upper left of the options bar) and
save the preset. To reorder the brushes in the Brushes palette, select Edit  Presets Manager.
Layer Styles: This feature is used apply various styles to the layers like Drop shadow, Inner Shadow, Outer
Glow, Inner Glow etc.

ACR : ACR stands for Adobe Camera Raw. Using this feature, we can remove the dust and other
imperfection across multiple images.

Soft Proofing and Printing: This feature is used to view the soft proof before printing the image. We can
also select the area to print that from “Print selection area” command form print dialog box.

Resetting Photoshop: This feature is used to reset the Photoshop default settings. Executing the Edit
Preferences command to reset the setting of the Photoshop.

Alternate ways to open files: This feature is used to open the files at different modes. To open

the file, we use FileOpen or File  Open As

Creating and saving documents in Photoshop

Photoshop is an image editing tool. Here we edit the images with the help of Photoshop files

usually Documents. The following procedure is used to create and save the documents in Photoshop.

Creating a Document

To create a new document in Photoshop, we follow any one of the following steps.

 Select File  New menu option. It opens the New Dialog box

OR

 Press Ctrl + N keys

Executing any one of the above steps the New dialog box will display like the following.

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 In the above dialog box, we may change the default setting like file name, size of the

document etc. and then click on the OK button to create the new document. If we click on Cancel button, it

cancels the dialog box and cancels the operation.

Saving the Document

When a document is prepared, it should be stored in the disk permanently for future use. In

Photoshop, we can save a document at any point. When a file is saved, Photoshop gives a file extension

.PSD (PhotopShop Document) automatically. To do this, we follow the following steps.

 Select File Save or File  Save As menu option

OR

 Press Ctrl + S or Shift + Ctrl + S

Executing any one of the above steps the Save dialog box will display like the following.

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 In the above dialog box, type the File Name to save and then click on the Save button to save the

document. If we click on Cancel button, it cancels the dialog box and cancels the operation.

Retrieving a file (Opening a file)

To retrieving a file from Photoshop application, we follow the following steps.

 Select File Open or File  Open As menu option

OR

 Press Ctrl + O or Alt + Ctrl + O

Executing any one of the above steps, the Open dialog box will display like the following.

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 In the above dialog box, type the File Name which we want to open and then click on the Open

button to open as the document. If we click on Cancel button, it cancels the dialog box and cancels the

operation.

Closing the files

To close the Photoshop document file, we execute the following steps.

 Select File Close menu option

OR

 Click on close button of the title bar of the image window (document).

OR

 Press Ctrl + W

Executing any one of the above steps, the Photoshop application closes the file when we save

and close the file. Otherwise it generates the following Message box.

Here we click on Yes button, it asks the filename to save, click on No button, it closes the file

without saving the file or click on Cancel button, it cancels the close operation.

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 Page Layout and Background

Page Layout

Page layout feature helps us to design the page into different types of layouts. Simply we can

design the page at different types of layouts such as column wise or row wise, or diagonal etc. The

following procedure is used to prepare the page layout.

Step 1: Create a new file by executing the new command from the File menu or press Ctrl + N. Then new

dialog box will display like the following.

Then click on OK button to create new document.

Step 2: Select Marquee tool and drag the as Layout like the following. To select more than one area, we

use Shift key and drag

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Step 3: Then change the set foreground color tool and fill the color by using Paint Bucket Tool to fill-up

the color for the selection area which looks like the following.

Like the above, we may create various types of layout and then place various image in that as a

layout design.

Background

When you create a new image with a white background or a colored background, the bottommost

image in the Layers palette is Background. An image can have only one background. You cannot change

the stacking order of a background, its blending mode, or its opacity. However, you can convert a

background to a regular layer.

When you create a new image with transparent content, the image does not have a background

layer. The bottommost layer is not constrained like the background layer; you can move it anywhere in the

Layers palette, and change its opacity and blending mode.

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 To convert a background into a layer:

Double-click Background in the Layers palette, or choose Layer > New > Layer from Background.

Set layer options as desired. (See Adding layers and layer sets.)

Click OK.

To convert a layer into a background:

Select a layer in the Layers palette.

Choose Layer > New > Background from Layer.

Note: You cannot create a background by renaming a regular layer Background--we must use the

Background from Layer command.

Unit 4

Working with Images

An image is a picture, which is used to edit, modify thru Photoshop. To work with image, first we
open an image using open methods in Photoshop. After opening the image, we can work with the image
using the Image menu.

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Mode: The mode command is used to arrange the image with different colors like bitmap, grayscale, RGB,
CMYK etc.

Adjustments: This command is used to adjust the color at different types.

Duplicate: This command is used to create the duplicate images.

Apply Image: This command is used to apply various styles to the image like blending, source etc.

Calculations: This command is used to apply the image styles as source of settings.

Image Size: This command is used to adjust the size of the image. Here, we adjust the width and
height of the image and resolution of the image.

Canvas Size: This command is used to adjust the size of the canvas.

Rotate Canvas: This command is used to rotate the canvas like 90o, 180o etc.

Crop: This command is used to cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image.

Trim: This command is used to trim the image as source of the image.

Palettes

Palettes are essential components of our tool set. For one, palettes help us to define the nature of
our tools. That is, palettes help us to customize how the tools in the toolbox perform. For example, we
might "sharpen" (make the line thin) or "dull" (make the line thick) our pencil tool using the "Brushes
Palette". Palettes also help us to perform some of the more complex tasks such as layering or manipulating
complex color schemes.

By default, there are five palettes. These five palettes are shown in the figure below

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 Though these five palettes control many different aspects of our drawing, they do share several
properties.

For one, all palettes are made up of a title bar with close and collapse buttons, a set of tabs, and
a list of options for each tab. Further, all palettes have a fly-out menu of options. Consider the figure
below:

Another generic property of palettes is the ability to dynamically adjust contents. That is, we can
customize the tabs in any palette simply by dragging tabs between palettes. Try it out! Click and hold our
left mouse button over a tab in one palette and without letting go of the mouse button, drag the tab to
another palette and let go. Now drag the tab back.

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 Finally, note that if we close a palette, we can easily get it back on screen by choosing "Palettes"
from the "Window" menu item and selecting the palette we want shown.

Working with pen tool

The pen tool is used to draw straight lines and smooth curves. The Photoshop application supports
the following type of pen tools. They are:

- Pen Tool
- Freedom Pen Tool
- Add Anchor point Tool
- Delete Anchor point Tool
- Convert point Tool

Pen Tool: This tool is used draw various types of drawing images on the Photoshop document.
Simply it is used to draw lines, curves, circles etc. To draw a straight line, select a starting point and click
on ending point. To end an open path, we use Ctrl + click. To close a path, position the pen pointer over
the first anchor point.

Freedom pen tool: This tool is used to draw free-hand shapes as we draw a pencil on
paper. It is also used as a magnetic tool by selecting the Magnetic option on the option bar. This feature is
used to select the image as a Lasso tool.

Add Anchor point tool: The add anchor point tool is used to add an anchor point on a shape.
To do this, select the add anchor point tool and position the pointer on the path where we want the anchor
point added to the shape.

Delete Anchor point tool: The delete anchor point tool is used to delete an anchor point on
a shape. To do this, select the delete anchor point tool and position the pointer on the path where we want
to delete the anchor point on the shape.

Convert point tool: The convert point tool is used to convert a smooth point to a corner point
of the shape. To do this, select the convert point tool and position the pointer on the path where we want to
convert the shape.

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 Saving and loading selections

Saving and loading selection feature is used to save and lode the selections for reuse.

Save a selection: To save a selection, we follow the following steps.

Step – 1: Open an image and select the paths which we want. For selecting more than one path we use
Shift+ (Marque or Lasso) tool like the follow.

Step – 2: Then execute the menu command Select  Save Selection to save the selection. After
execution of the above command, it will generate the dialog box like the following.

Step – 3: Type the name as My Selection like the above then click on OK button to save the selection.

Load a saved selection: To Load a saved selection, we follow the following steps.

Step – 1: Choose Select  Load Selection menu then it displays load selection dialog box like the
following.

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Step – 2: Then choose the selection which we want then click on OK button to load the saved selection.

Working with erasers

The eraser and magic eraser tools let us erase areas of an image to transparency or to the
background color. The background eraser tool lets us to erase transparency on a layer. We can also use
the Auto Erase option with the pencil tool to erase the foreground color to the background color as we
paint.

The eraser tool changes pixels in the image as you drag through them. If we are working in the background
or in a layer with transparency locked, the pixels change to the background color; otherwise, the pixels are
erased to transparency. We can also use the eraser to return the affected area to a state selected in the
History palette.

To use the eraser tool:

1. Select the eraser tool .

2. Do the following in the options bar:

 Choose a brush and set brush options, or choose a preset brush.

 Choose a mode for the eraser- Brush, Paintbrush, Airbrush, Pencil, or Block.

 Specify an opacity to define the strength of the erasure. An opacity of 100% erases pixels
completely. A lower opacity erases pixels partially

 In Brush mode, specify a flow rate.

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  In Brush mode, click the airbrush button to use the brush as an airbrush. Alternately,
select the Airbrush option in the Brushes palette.

 To erase to a saved state or snapshot of the image, click the left column of the state or
snapshot in the History palette, then select Erase to History in the options bar.

3 Drag through the area you want to erase.

Working with text and brushes

Text tool: The text tool is used to type the text at different formatting styles. The following procedure
is used to work with the text tool.

1. Select the horizontal type tool or the vertical type tool .

2. Drag diagonally to define a bounding box for the type.

3. Select additional type options in the options bar, Character palette, Paragraph palette, and Layer >
Type submenu.

4. Enter the characters which we want. Press Enter on the main keyboard

5. If desired, resize, rotate, or skew the bounding box using the option bar.

To resize or transform a type bounding box:

1. Display the bounding box handles:

 With the type tool active, select the type layer in the Layers palette, and click in the text
flow in the image.

 (ImageReady) With the type tool active, select the type layer. If the bounding box handles
don't appear, make sure that the Text Bounds option is selected in the View  Show
submenu.

2 Drag to achieve the desired effect:

 To resize the bounding box, position the pointer over a handle--the pointer turns into a
double arrow --and drag. Shift-drag to maintain the proportion of the bounding box.

 To rotate the bounding box, position the pointer outside of the bounding border--the pointer
turns into a curved, two-sided arrow --and drag. Shift-drag to constrain the rotation to
15° increments. To change the center of rotation, Ctrl-drag the center point to a new
location. The center point can be outside the bounding box.

 To skew the bounding box, hold down Ctrl + Shift and drag a side handle. The pointer
turns into an arrowhead with a small double arrow .

3 After applying the above command, the text will appears like the following.

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Brushes: The Brushes tools are used to paint the image. The Photoshop application supports the following
types of brush tools.

- Brush tool
- Healing brush tool
- History brush tool

Brush tool: It is freehand painting tool which is used to paint as we wish. To do this we follow the following
steps.

1. Open an image to our choice or create a new one.

2. Activate the Brush Tool.

3. In the Options bar, define brush tip size.

4. Choose a color.

5. Paint.

6. In the Brush Preset picker, adjust the brush hardness - either increase it for sharp-edged strokes
or soften it for gradual color transitions.

7. There are some more controls for the Brush Tool in the Options bar. For example, we can reduce
the "Opacity" value. Now the Brush paints with transparent strokes allowing seeing the previous
content.

Healing brush tool: The Healing Brush Tool retouches image using sampled pixels or pattern. To do this
we follow the following steps.

1. In the Toolbox, select the Healing Brush Tool.

2. Set brush size and style.

3. On the Options bar, select the Sampled option.

4. Alt-click (click holding down [Alt] key) somewhere on your image to define a sampling point.

5. Paint with the Healing Brush Tool on the damaged area.

6. The Aligned gadget on the Options bar (not selected by default) forces the starting point to follow
the cursor, even after you complete a stroke, while leaving it off starts the sample point back to its
original location at the start of each stroke.

To retouch using a pattern:

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 7. On the Options bar, select the Pattern option.
8. Choose a pattern from the Pattern picker (movie).

9. Paint with the Healing Brush Tool on a damaged area.

History brush tool: The History Brush Tool paints with a history state or snapshot. To do this we follow
the following steps.

 In the Toolbox, select the History Brush Tool.

 Choose brush size and style.
 In the History palette, select a source history state or snapshot.
 Paint with the selected history state.
 On the Options bar we can also define
a. Airbrush mode
b. blending mode

c. Opacity

d. Flow

Patch tool

The patch tool is used to repair a selected area with pixels from another area or a pattern. Like the
healing brush tool, the patch tool matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the
source pixels. We can also use the patch tool to clone isolated areas of an image.

The following example is used to repairing with pixels from the image, select a small area to
produce the best result.

Sampled pixels and source pixels

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 Patched image

To repair an area using sampled pixels:

1. Select the patch tool .

2. Do one of the following:

 Drag in the image to select the area you want to repair, and select Source in the options
bar.

 Drag in the image to select the area from which we want to sample, and select Destination
in the options bar.

Note: We can also make a selection prior to selecting the patch tool.

3 To adjust the selection, do one of the following:

 Shift-drag in the image to add to the existing selection.

 Alt-drag in the image to subtract from the existing selection.

 Alt-Shift-drag in the image to select an area intersected by the existing selection.

4 Position the pointer inside the selection, and do one of the following:

 If Source is selected in the options bar, drag the selection border to the area from which
we want to sample. When we release the mouse button, the originally selected area is
patched with the sampled pixels.

 If Destination is selected in the options bar, drag the selection border to the area we want
to patch. When we release the mouse button, the newly selected area is patched with the
sampled pixels.

To repair an area using a pattern:

1. Select the patch tool .

2. Drag in the image to select the area we want to repair.

Note: We can also make a selection prior to selecting the patch tool.

3. To adjust the selection, do one of the following:

 Shift-drag in the image to add to the existing selection.

 Alt-drag in the image to subtract from the existing selection.

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  Alt-Shift-drag in the image to select an area intersected by the existing selection.

4 Select a pattern from the Pattern pop-up palette in the options bar, and click Use Pattern.

Reading your palettes

Palettes are essential components of our tool set. For one, palettes help us to define the nature of
our tools. That is, palettes help us to customize how the tools in the toolbox perform. For example, we
might "sharpen" (make the line thin) or "dull" (make the line thick) our pencil tool using the "Brushes
Palette". Palettes also help us to perform some of the more complex tasks such as layering or manipulating
complex color schemes.

By default, there are five palettes. These five palettes are shown in the figure below

Though these five palettes control many different aspects of our drawing, they do share several properties.

For one, all palettes are made up of a title bar with close and collapse buttons, a set of tabs, and a list of
options for each tab. Further, all palettes have a fly-out menu of options. Consider the figure below:

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 Another generic property of palettes is the ability to dynamically adjust contents. That is, we can
customize the tabs in any palette simply by dragging tabs between palettes. Try it out! Click and hold our
left mouse button over a tab in one palette and without letting go of the mouse button, drag the tab to
another palette and let go. Now drag the tab back.

Finally, note that if our close a palette, we can easily get it back on screen by choosing "Palettes" from the
"Window" menu item and selecting the palette we want shown.

Dust and scratches

Cloning

The way retouching has been done from very early in Photoshop’s history is by “cloning” pixels from one
part of an image and using them to unclear blemishes we don’t want. The mechanism is a tool that uses a
brush metaphor, called the Clone Stamp Tool in Photoshop or Spot Removal in Light room and ACR. Quite
simply, it simulates selecting an area, copying it, and then pasting it elsewhere, but very quickly.

Healing

An advancement over Cloning, the Healing function uses the same painting procedure as Cloning, but rather
than simply makng an identical copy of the pixels used, it blends them into the new area by pulling color
and luminosity from the surrounding pixels. In a way, Healing clones texture only, drawing on the context
used to determine color and tone.

In Photoshop, there are three tools that can “heal”: the Spot Healing Brush, the Healing Brush (my favorite),
and the Patch Tool. ACR and Lightroom use the same Spot Removal Tool but have a provision for setting it
to either clone or heal.

Filling

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For many years, Photoshop has had a Fill command that does far more than pour a color onto the canvas.
However, CS5 brings a new and important twist: Content Aware Fill. This function automatically pulls parts
of the surrounding image into a void in an attempt to fill it. It sometimes does odd things, but most often, it
astonishes.

Advanced retouching

Beauty retouching is probably one of the most popular application areas in which Adobe Photoshop is used
extensively. There are two simple reasons for that. First, Photoshop offers a variety of advanced tools to
smooth out skin and hair, optimize body proportions and emphasize some beautiful details. And second, if
you have some experience with Photoshop it is easy to learn the basics and quickly produce very
impressive and beautiful results.

Of course, beauty-retouching is a quite deceptive art. The masters of Photoshop create illusions which are
hard to tell apart — unless you have both a genuine photo and the final result in Photoshop and can directly
compare them. In fact, every day we consume perfectly retouched stars and models online and offline which
just look different in the real life.

Still, it is not the reason to avoid learning advanced Photoshop techniques for beauty-retouching and
study examples of how it is done in practice. The list below presents both image-tutorials as well as video
tutorials. Most examples have a before-vs.-after-comparison and you can follow the modifications with
Photoshop step-by-step.

Skin

 Beautiful Skin:
Not everyone has beautiful skin but we can make it better – at least in our photographs.
 Smooth skin:
How to make a skin like the ones we see in magazines like Playboy.

 Beauty Retouching:
Beauty retouching is one of the most demanding parts of photo manipulation. The main trick for our
results to be astonishing is patience.

 Remove Freckles:
Reduce slight freckles naturally without using the Healing Brush. In this Photoshop tutorial, we’ll
learn how to subtract freckles using a layer.

 Perfect Skin:
How we can get rid of all the acne and pimples and blemishes and scars on our face.

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  Skin looking smooth:
During the course of this Photoshop learning shows us how to make skin look smooth.

 Makeup makeover:
How to remove hair in front of someone’s face, retouch skin and apply makeup using Photoshop.

 Dark skin – bright skin:

This tutorial shows you how to make a dark skin bright(er).

 A chapter of Beauty Retouching

A free sample chapter of “Skin”, a Photoshop Retouching Book by Lee Varis about Beauty
Retouching.

Smoothing skin

This feature is used to set the skin as smooth and soften in Photoshop without blurring out important image
details, like the person’s eyes and mouth, and while keeping as much good skin texture as we can. The
method we’ll be learning is actually a variation on a similar method used for advanced image sharpening,
which serves as a great example of why it’s much more important to understand how things work in
Photoshop, and why you’re doing what you’re doing, rather than simply memorizing a bunch of steps.

Of course, before we soften the skin, we should first remove any unwanted blemishes, so this tutorial will
really be in two parts. We'll start off by learning how to quickly remove pimples and other small problem
areas using Photoshop's Spot Healing Brush. Then, once we're done with our initial touch-up, we'll move
on to the second part and learn step-by-step how to use Photoshop to create beautiful, smooth, soft-
looking skin.

This tutorial is for Photoshop CS6 (the version I'm using) and is also fully compatible with Photoshop CC.
It will also work with Photoshop CS5, but CS4 and earlier users will want to check out the original version
of this tutorial.

To follow along, you can use any portrait photo. I'll be using this image which I downloaded from Adobe
Stock. I've cropped it a bit just to remove the extra white space on the sides:

The original image.

Here's a close-up of what the young woman's skin looks like initially:

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A close-up of the original.

And here's what she'll look like when we're done:

The final skin-softened result.

Let's get started!

Download our tutorials as print-ready PDFs! Learning Photoshop has never been easier!

Step 1: Duplicate The Background Layer

With my image newly opened in Photoshop, if we look in my Layers panel, we see the image sitting on the
Background layer which is currently the only layer in the document:

The Layers panel showing the original image on the Background layer.

As I mentioned, we'll start things off by removing any unwanted blemishes in the skin. We'll do the work on
a separate layer, which means we'll need to make a copy of the Background layer. To do that, press and
hold the Alt (Win) / Option (Mac) key on your keyboard as you click on the Background layer and drag it
down onto the New Layer icon at the bottom of the Layers panel (second icon from the right):

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Dragging the Background layer onto the New Layer icon while holding Alt (Win) / Option (Mac).

Holding down the Alt key tells Photoshop to pop open the Duplicate Layer dialog box, allowing us to name
the duplicate layer before it's added. Since we'll be using the Spot Healing Brush to remove any blemishes,
let's name the layer "Spot Healing". Click OK when you're done to close out of the dialog box:

Naming the layer "Spot Healing".

If we look again in the Layers panel, we see the Spot Healing layer now sitting above the Background
layer. The Spot Healing layer is highlighted in blue which tells us that it is now the active layer. Anything we
do next will be done to this layer, while the original image remains safe and unharmed on the Background
layer:

The Layers panel showing the new Spot Healing layer.

Step 2: Select The Spot Healing Brush Tool

Next, choose the Spot Healing Brush Tool from the Tools panel:

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Selecting the Spot Healing Brush Tool.

Step 3: Set The Spot Healing Brush To "Content-Aware"

With the Spot Healing Brush selected, make sure the Type option in the Options Bar along the top of the
screen is set to Content-Aware. This is a relatively new feature for the Spot Healing Brush (first added in
CS5) that allows Photoshop to make better decisions about the replacement texture it chooses for the
problem area you've clicked on:

Make sure Content-Aware is selected (which it should be by default).

Step 4: Click On The Problem Spots To Heal Them

To remove any unwanted skin blemishes, all we need to do is click on them with the Spot Healing Brush.
Photoshop will instantly replace the problem texture with good texture from the surrounding area.

For example, if we look at the young woman's forehead, we see a relatively large blemish just to the right
of center. To remove it, I'll position the Spot Healing Brush over top of it. For best results, you'll want your
brush to be slightly larger than the area you're trying to replace, and you can change the size of the brush
directly from the keyboard. Press the right bracket key ( ] ) repeatedly to make the brush larger or the left
bracket key ( [ ) to make it smaller. You'll find the bracket keys directly to the right of the letter P on most
standard keyboards.

Here we see my brush cursor (the black circular outline) positioned over the blemish I want to remove:

Positioning the Spot Healing Brush over a problem area.

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I'll click on it with the Spot Healing Brush, and like magic, it's gone! Photoshop analyzed the area, found
some good texture from the area surrounding it, and then blended the good texture in with the problem
area's original tone and color to produce seamless results:

The result after clicking on the area to remove the blemish.

Unit – 5

Working with layers

Once we create a type layer, we can edit the type and apply layer commands to it. We can change
the orientation of the type, apply anti-aliasing, convert between point type and paragraph type, create a
work path, or convert type to shapes. We can move, restack, copy, and change the layer options of a type
layer as we do for a normal layer. We can also make the following changes to a type layer and still edit the
type:

 Apply transformation commands from the Edit menu.

 Use layer styles.

 Use fill shortcuts. To fill with the foreground color, press Alt + Backspace. To fill with the
background color, press Ctrl + Backspace.

 Warp type to conform to a variety of shapes.

3 There are many advantages to working with layered. We can quickly select, hide, duplicate, lock,
and change the appearance of images using layers.

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  Selecting layers
 Displaying the contents of layers
 Duplicating layers
 Changing the stacking order of layers
 Linking layers
 Repositioning the contents of layers
 Locking layers

Selecting layers

If an image has multiple layers, we must choose which layer we want to work on. Any changes

we make to the image affect only the active layer. We select a layer to make it active, and only

one layer can be active at a time. The name of the active layer appears in the title bar of the

document window, and a paintbrush icon appears next to the layer in the Layers palette.

To select a layer we may do one of the following:

 Click a layer in the Layers palette.

 Select the move tool, right-click in the image, and choose a layer from the context menu.
The context menu lists all the layers that contain pixels under the current pointer location.

Displaying the contents of layers

We can use the Layers palette to selectively hide and display the contents of layers, layer sets,

and layer effects. We can also specify how transparent areas are displayed in the image.

To change the visibility of a layer, layer set, or layer effect we do one of the following:

 In the Layers palette, click the eye icon next to a layer, layer set, or layer effect to hide
its content in the document window. Click in the column again to redisplay the content.
 Alt-click an eye icon to display only the content for that layer or layer set. Alt -click in the
eye column again to redisplay all content.

 Drag through the eye column to change the visibility of multiple items in the Layers palette.

Duplicating layers

Duplicating layers is an easy way to copy content within an image or between images. When

duplicating a layer between images, keep in mind that the layer's content will appear smaller or

larger if it is copied to a file with different resolution.

To duplicate a layer or layer set within an image we follow the following points.

1. Select a layer or layer set in the Layers palette.

2. Do one of the following:

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  Drag the layer to the New Layer button , or drag the layer set to the New Layer Set
button .

 Choose Duplicate Layer or Duplicate Layer Set from the Layers menu or the Layers palette
menu

 Press Alt and drag the layer or layer set to the New Layer button or the New Layer Set
button. Enter a name for the layer or layer set, and click OK.

Changing the stacking order of layers

The stacking order in the Layers palette determines whether the content of a layer or layer set

appears in front of or behind other elements in the image.

To change the order of layers and layer sets do one of the following:

 Drag the layer or layer set up or down in the Layers palette. Release the mouse button
when the highlighted line appears where you want to place the layer or layer set.
 To move a layer into a layer set, drag a layer to the layer set folder . The layer is
placed at the bottom of the layer set.

 Select a layer or layer set, choose Layer  Arrange, and choose a command from the
submenu. If the selected item is in a layer set, the command applies to the stacking order
within the layer set. If the selected item is not in a layer set, the command applies to the
stacking order within the Layers palette.

Linking layers

By linking two or more layers or layer sets, you can move their contents together. We can also

copy, paste, align, merge, apply transformations to, and create clipping groups from linked layers.

To link layers we follow the following points.

1. Select a layer or layer set in the Layers palette.

2. Click in the column immediately to the left of any layers you want to link to the selected layer.
A link icon appears in the column.

To unlink layers:

In the Layers palette, click the link icons to remove them.

Repositioning the contents of layers

We can reposition the contents of layers and layer sets using the move tool. We can also align

and distribute the contents of layers using commands in the Layers menu.

To align the contents of layers:

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 1. Do one of the following:

 To align the content of a layer to a selection border, make a selection in the image. Then
select a layer in the Layers palette.

 To align the contents of multiple layers to a selection border, make a selection in the
image. Then link together the layers we want to align in the Layers palette.

 To align the contents of layers to the content of the active layer, link the layers we want to
align to the active layer.

2 Choose Layer  Align Linked or Layer  Align To Selection, and choose a command from the
submenu:

Locking layers

We can fully or partially lock layers to protect their contents. When a layer is locked, a lock icon

displays to the right of the layer name. The lock icon is solid when the layer is fully locked; it is

hollow when the layer is partially locked.

To lock all properties of a layer or layer set:

1. Select a layer or layer set.

2. Do one of the following:

 Click the Lock option in the Layers palette.

 (ImageReady) Choose Layer Options from the Layers palette menu, and select the Lock
option.

Layer styles

Layer style feature is used to arrange the layers into different styles. The men Layer  Layer

Style command is used to arrange the layer into different styles. The following procedure is used to arrange

the layer into different styles.

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 After execution of any one of the above commands, we will change and view the different styles in
the layer. There are several features; some of them are given below.

Drop Shadow:

This feature is used to add a shadow that falls behind the contents on the layer.

Inner Shadow:

This feature is used to add a shadow that falls just inside the edges of the layer's content, giving
the layer a recessed appearance.

Outer Glow :

This feature is used to add a glow that emanate from the outside of the layer's content.

Inner Glow:

This feature is used to add a glow that emanate to the inside of the layer’s content.

Bevel and Emboss:

This feature is used to add a various combinations of highlights and shadows to a layer.

Satin

This feature applies shading to the interior of a layer that reacts to the shape of the layer, typically
creating a smooth finish.

Color, Gradient, and Pattern Overlay

These are used to fills the layer's content with a color, gradient, or pattern.

Stroke

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 This feature is used to add outlines the object on the current layer using color, a gradient, or a
pattern. It is particularly useful on hard-edged shapes such as type.

To apply a custom style to a layer:

1. Do one of the following:

 Click the Layer Styles button in the Layers palette and choose an effect from the list.

 Choose an effect from the Layer  Layer Style submenu.

 Double-click a layer thumbnail in the Layers palette, and select an effect on the left side
of the dialog box.

2 Set effect options in the Layer Style dialog box (Photoshop) or the context-sensitive Layer
Options/Style palette.

Opacity

A layer’s opacity determines the degree to which it obscures or reveals the layer beneath it. A layer
with 1% opacity is nearly transparent, while a layer with 100% opacity is opaque. Transparent areas remain
transparent regardless of the opacity setting.

A layer’s opacity mode interacts with the opacity of painting tools. For example, a layer uses
Dissolve mode at 50% opacity. We paint on this layer with the Paintbrush tool set to Normal mode at 100%
opacity. The paint appears in Dissolve mode at 50% opacity. Similarly, if a layer uses Normal mode at 100%
opacity, and we use the Eraser tool at 50% opacity, only 50% of the paint disappears from the layer as we
erase.

Specify the opacity of a layer

1. Select the layer in the Layers panel. It shows the palette like the following.

2. In the Layers panel, enter a value between 0 and 100 for Opacity, or click the arrow at the right of
the Opacity box and drag the Opacity slider that appears.
3. Then the adjusted opacity is viewed in the layer on the document like the following.

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Select all opaque areas in a layer

We can quickly select all the opaque areas in a layer. This procedure is useful when we want to
exclude transparent areas from a selection.

1. In the Layers panel, Ctrl-click the layer thumbnail:

2. To add the pixels to an existing selection, press Ctrl + Shift and click the layer thumbnail in the
Layers panel.

3. To remove the pixels from an existing selection, press Ctrl + Alt and click the layer thumbnail in the
Layers panel.

4. To load the intersection of the pixels and an existing selection, press Ctrl + Alt + Shift and click the
layer thumbnail in the Layers panel.

Adjustment layers

Adjustment layers add another level of flexibility to working with layers. Adjustment layers allow us

to experiment with color and apply tonal adjustments to an image.

Adjustment layers let you experiment with color and tonal adjustments to an image without

permanently modifying the pixels in the image. The color and tonal changes reside within the adjustment

layer, which acts as a veil through which the underlying image layers appear. Keep in mind that an

adjustment layer affects all the layers below it. This means that we can correct multiple layers by making a

single adjustment, rather than making the adjustment to each layer separately.

Adjustment layers provide the following advantages:

 Nondestructive edits. We can try different settings and re-edit the adjustment layer at any time. We
can also reduce the effect of the adjustment by lowering the opacity of the layer.
 Selective editing. Paint on the adjustment layer’s image mask to apply an adjustment to part of an
image. Later we can control which parts of the image are adjusted by re-editing the layer mask.
We can vary the adjustment by painting on the mask with different tones of gray.

 Ability to apply adjustments to multiple images. Copy and paste adjustment layers between images
to apply the same color and tonal adjustments.

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 Adjustment layers have many of the same characteristics as other layers. We can adjust their
opacity and blending mode, and we can group them to apply the adjustment to specific layers. Likewise, we
can turn their visibility on and off to apply or preview the effect.

Original (left); adjustment layer applied to barn only (center), which brings out detail in the barn;

and adjustment layer applied to entire image (right), which lightens the entire image and pixelates the

clouds.

Create an adjustment layer: To create an adjustment layer we follow the following poits.

o Click the New Adjustment Layer button at the bottom of the Layers panel, and choose an
adjustment layer type.
o Choose Layer  New Adjustment Layer, and choose an option. Name the layer, set layer
options, and click OK.

Confine adjustment layers to specific areas

To confine adjustment to specific areas, use layer masks. By default, adjustment layers
automatically have layer masks, indicated by the mask icon to the right of the layer thumbnail.

To change the shape of a mask on an existing layer. To create a new adjustment with a mask of
specific shape, complete one of the following procedures.

Create an adjustment layer mask using a selection or path

1. In the Layers panel, select the layer to which we want to apply the adjustment layer.
2. In the image, create a pixel selection, or create and select a closed path.

- A selection confines the new adjustment layer with a layer mask. A path confines the new
adjustment layer with a vector mask.

3. Create an adjustment layer.

Create an adjustment layer mask using a color range

The Color Range feature, which is useful for creating a selection area based on sampled colors in
an image, can also be used to create an adjustment layer mask

1. In the Layers panel, select the layer to which we want to apply the adjustment layer.
2. Choose Layer  New Adjustment Layer, and choose an adjustment type.

3. In the Masks section of the Properties panel, click Color Range.

4. In the Color Range dialog box, choose Sampled Colors from the Select menu.

5. Select Localized Color Clusters to build a mask based on different color ranges in the image.

6. Set the display option to Selection, and Selection Preview to None.

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 7. Click a color area in the image.

8. Use the Fuzziness slider to increase or decrease the range of colors around our sample colors that
are included in the masked area. Use the Range slider to control how far or near a color must be
from the sample points to be included in the mask. After adjusting the mask, click OK to close the
Color Range dialog box.

9. Modify the adjustment as needed in the Properties panel.

The adjustment is only applied to the unmasked (or partially masked) areas of the image. If
necessary clicks Color Range again to make further adjustments to the adjustment layer mask.

Filters (Filter Menu & working with filters)

Filter is one of the most important things that we can do with Photoshop. Filters are some ready-
made effects that we can apply to the image that we are working with.

Photoshop offers a wide variety of filters. We can create some of the most stunning effects through
Photoshop's filters. We can access them from the Filters menu in the Photoshop Menu Bar. When we use
any of the filter options available, a dialog box will open through which we can see a preview of the effect
that we are going to apply on the image. This gives us the information on how the image result will look
after application. After execution of the filter menu, the menu will display like the following.

There are many filter options on Photoshop some of them are given below:

 Artistic - This filter enables us to achieve artistic effects. We can get some of the most distinct
effects through this option.

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  Blur - This filter enables us to soften the look of an image. It can be used to soften the look of an
entire image or part of an image. We can use it to reduce the hard edges of an image.

 Brush Strokes - This filter enables us to create artistic effects using brush strokes.

 Distort - This filter enables us to distort the image so that we can get a unique effect on the
original image. This is one of the most interesting Photoshop effects to try out.

 Noise - This filter is used for creating textures. Many texture effects can be added using the
options available here.

 Pixelate - It creates small cells in the image that we are working with, based on color similarity.

 Render - This bring about cloud and light effects in the image that we are selecting.

 Sharpen - This sharpens the soft edges in the image by increasing pixel contrast.

 Sketch - This works much like the artistic filter; excepting here we get a hand draw effect on the
image.

 Stylize - This option enables us to create special stylish effects on the image.

 Texture - This option enables us to create various types of texture effects that can really enhance
the way our image looks.

 Video - When you have image captured through video, we can use this command to smoothen
them out.

 Digimarc – We have to use his option when we want to add a digital watermark to the image.

Artistic filters

This filter is used to design the image as a creative manner. It has several feature, some of them
are given below.

Colored Pencil: This filter draws an image using colored pencils on a solid background. Important edges
are retained and given a rough crosshatch appearance; the solid background color shows through the
smoother areas.

Cutout: It shows an image as though it were made from roughly cut-out pieces of colored paper.

Dry Brush: It paints the edges of the image using a dry brush technique (between oil and watercolor).
This filter simplifies an image by reducing its range of colors to areas of common color.

Film Grain: It applies an even pattern to the shadow tones and midtones of an image. A smoother,
more saturated pattern is added to the image's lighter areas. This filter is useful for eliminating banding in
blends and visually unifying elements from various sources.

Fresco: It paints an image in a coarse style using short, rounded, and hastily applied dabs.

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Neon Glow : It adds various types of glows to the objects in an image and is useful for colorizing an
image while softening its look. To select a glow color, click the glow box and select a color from the color
picker.

Paint Daubs: Lets us choose from various brush sizes (from 1 to 50) and types for a painterly effect.
Brush types include simple, light rough, light dark, wide sharp, wide blurry, and sparkle.

Palette Knife: It reduces detail in an image to give the effect of a thinly painted canvas that reveals the
texture underneath.

Plastic Wrap: It coats the image in shiny plastic, accentuating the surface detail.

Poster Edges: It reduces the number of colors in an image (posterizes) according to the posterization
option we set, and finds the edges of the image and draws black lines on them. Large broad areas of the
image have simple shading, while fine dark detail is distributed throughout the image.

Rough Pastels: It makes an image appear as if stroked with colored pastel chalk on a textured background.
In areas of bright color, the chalk appears thick with little texture; in darker areas, the chalk appears
scraped off to reveal the texture.

Smudge Stick: It softens an image using short diagonal strokes to smudge or smear the darker areas of
the images. Lighter areas become brighter and lose detail.

Sponge: It creates images with highly textured areas of contrasting color, appearing to have been
painted with a sponge.

Underpainting: It paints the image on a textured background, and then paints the final image over it.

Watercolor: It paints the image in a watercolor style, simplifying details in an image, using a medium
brush loaded with water and color. Where significant tonal changes occur at edges, the filter saturates the
color.

Blur filters

The blur filters soften a selection or an image, and are useful for retouching. They smooth
transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined lines and shaded areas in an image. It
has several feature, some of them are given below.

Blur and Blur More

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 It eliminates noise where significant color transitions occur in an image. Blur filters smooth
transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined lines and shaded areas. The Blur More
filter produces an effect three or four time stronger than that of the Blur filter.

Gaussian Blur

It works quickly blurs a selection by an adjustable amount. Gaussian refers to the bell-shaped
curve that is generated when Adobe Photo-shop applies a weighted average to the pixels. The Gaussian
Blur filter adds low-frequency detail and can produce a hazy effect.

Motion Blur

It blurs in a particular direction (from -360º to +360º) and at a specific intensity (from 1 to 999).
The filter's effect is analogous to taking a picture of a moving object with a fixed exposure time.

Radial Blur

It simulates the blur of a zooming or rotating camera to produce a soft blur. Choose Spin, to blur
along concentric circular lines, and then specify a degree of rotation; or Zoom.

Smart Blur

It blurs an image as soft. Here we apply radios and threshold to blur the image as smart.

Brush Stroke filters

Like the Artistic filters, the Brush Stroke filters give a painterly or fine-arts look using different brush
and ink stroke effects. It has several feature, some of them are given below.

Accented Edges

It accentuates the edges of an image. When the edge brightness control is set to a high value, the
accents resemble white chalk; when set to a low value, the accents resemble black ink.

Angled Strokes

It repaints an image using diagonal strokes. The lighter areas of the image are painted in strokes
going in one direction, while the darker areas are painted in strokes going the opposite direction.

Crosshatch

It preserves the details and features of the original image while adding texture and roughening the
edges of the colored areas in the image with simulated pencil hatching. The Strength option controls the
number of hatching passes, from 1 to 3.

Dark Strokes

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 It paints dark areas of an image closer to black with short, tight strokes, and paints lighter areas of
the image with long, white strokes.

Ink Outlines

It redraws an image with fine narrow lines over the original details, in pen-and-ink style.

Spatter

It replicates the effect of a spatter airbrush. Increasing the options simplifies the overall effect.

Sprayed Strokes

It repaints an image, using its dominant colors with angled, sprayed strokes of color.

Sumi-e

It paints an image in Japanese style, as if with a wet brush full of black ink on rice paper.
The effect is soft blurry edges with rich blacks.

Distort filters

The Distort filters geometrically distort an image, creating 3D or other reshaping effects. It has
several feature, some of them are given below.

Diffuse Glow: It renders an image as though it were viewed through a soft diffusion filter. The filter adds
see-through white noise to an image, with the glow fading from the center of a selection.

Displace filter: It uses an image, called a displacement map, to determine how to distort a selection. For
example, using a parabola-shaped displacement map, you can create an image that appears to be printed
on a cloth held at its corners.

Glass: It makes an image appear as if it is being viewed through different types of glass. Here we can
choose a glass effect or create our own glass surface as a file and apply it.

Ocean Ripple: It adds randomly spaced ripples to the image's surface, making the image look as if it were
under water.

Pinch: It compresses a selection. A positive value up to 100% shifts a selection toward its center; a
negative value up to -100% shifts a selection outward.

Polar Coordinates: It converts a selection from its rectangular to polar coordinates, and vice versa,
according to a selected option.

Ripple: It creates an undulating pattern on a selection, like ripples on the surface of a pond. For greater
control, use the Wave filter. Options include the amount and size of ripples.

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Shear: It distorts an image along a curve. Specify the curve by dragging the line in the box to form a curve
for the distortion. We can adjust any point along the curve

Spherize: It gives objects a 3D effect by wrapping a selection around a spherical shape, distorting the
image and stretching it to fit the selected curve.

Twirl : It rotates a selection more sharply in the center than at the edges. Specifying an angle produces a
twirl pattern.

Wave: It works in a similar way to the Ripple filter, but with greater control. Options include the number of
wave generators, the wavelength, the height of the wave, and the wave type: Sine (rolling), Triangle, or
Square.

ZigZag: It distorts a selection radially, depending on the radius of the pixels in our selection. The Ridges
option sets the number of direction reversals of the zigzag from the center of the selection to its edge.

Noise filters

It is used to reduce the appearance of noise in an image, including luminance noise, color noise
and even jpeg artifacts. It has several feature, some of them are given below.

Add Noise : The Add Noise filter applies random pixels to an image, simulating the result of shooting

pictures on high-speed film. This filter can also be used to reduce banding in feathered selections or

graduated fills.

The Uniform option creates a subtle distribution appearance and Gaussian creates a speckled
distribution look. Monochromatic applies the filter using the existing tones of the image without changing the
colors.

Despeckle : The despeckle filter detects the edges in a layer (areas where significant color changes

occur) and blurs all of the selection except those edges. This blurring removes noise while preserving

detail. We can use this filter to remove banding or visual noise that often appears in scans of

magazines or other printed materials.

Dust & Scratches: The Dust & Scratches filter reduces visual noise by changing dissimilar pixels.

Median : The Median filter reduces noise in a layer by blending the brightness of pixels within a

selection. The filter searches for pixels of similar brightness, discarding pixels that differ too much

from adjacent pixels, and replaces the center pixel with the median brightness value of the searched

pixels. This filter is useful for eliminating or reducing the appearance of motion in an image, or

undesirable patterns that may appear in a scanned image.

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 Pixelate filters

This filter is used to Pixelate submenu sharply define a selection by clumping pixels of similar color
values in cells. It has several feature, some of them are given below.

Color Halftone: It simulates the effect of using an enlarged halftone screen on each channel of the image.
For each channel, the filter divides the image into rectangles and replaces each rectangle with a circle. The
circle size is proportional to the brightness of the rectangle.

Crystallize: It clumps pixels into a solid color in a polygon shape.

Facet : It clumps pixels of solid or similar colors into blocks of like-colored pixels. We can use this
filter to make a scanned image look hand painted or to make a realistic image resemble an abstract
painting.

Fragment : It creates four copies of the pixels in the selection, averages them, and offsets them from
each other.

Mezzotint: It converts an image to a random pattern of black-and-white areas or of fully saturated

colors in a color image. To use the filter, choose a dot pattern from the Type menu in the Mezzotint dialog
box.

Mosaic: It clumps pixels into square blocks. The pixels in a given block are the same color, and the colors
of the blocks represent the colors in the selection.

Pointillize: It breaks up the color in an image into randomly placed dots, as in a pointillist painting,
and uses the background color as a canvas area between the dots.

Lighting Effects

Light effect is one of the sub-commands of Render filter. It is used to produce myriad lighting
effects on RGB images by varying 17 light styles, 3 light types, and 4 sets of light properties. We can also
use textures from grayscale files (called bump maps) to produce 3D-like effects and save our own styles for
use in other images.

Difference Clouds

Difference clouds filter is one of the sub-commands of Render filter. Uses randomly generated
values that vary between the foreground and back-ground color to produce a cloud pattern. The filter blends
the cloud data with the existing pixels in the same way that the Difference mode blends colors. The first
time we choose this filter, portions of the image are inverted in a cloud pattern. Applying the filter several
times creates rib and vein patterns that resemble a marble texture.

Sharpen filters

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 The Sharpen filters focus blurry images by increasing the contrast of adjacent pixels. It has several
feature, some of them are given below.

Sharpen and Sharpen More : It focuses a selection and improves its clarity. The Sharpen More filter
applies a stronger sharpening effect than does the Sharpen filter.

Sharpen and Unsharp Mask: It finds the areas in the image where significant color changes occur and
sharpen them. The Sharpen Edges filter sharpens only edges while preserving the overall smoothness of
the image. Use this filter to sharpen edges without specifying an amount. For professional color-correction,
use the Unsharp Mask filter to adjust the contrast of edge detail and produce a lighter and darker line on
each side of the edge.

Printing

Print command is use to print the image thru the hard copy devices. To print the image we
execute any one of the following commands:

 File  Page Setup and Print display options that are determined by our printer, print
drivers, and operating system.
 File  Print displays printing dialog box, there we select printer type and number of copies
etc. then click on OK button for printing.

 File  Print with Preview displays Photoshop's printing, output, and color management
options.

 File  Print One Copy prints one copy of a file without displaying a dialog box.

To print an image with its current options:

Do one of the following:

 Choose File  Print, and click Print or OK.

 To print one copy of a file without displaying a dialog box, choose File  Print One Copy.

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 Note: By default, Adobe Photoshop prints a composite of all visible layers and channels. To print
an individual layer or channel, make it the only visible layer or channel before choosing the Print
command.

To set printer and page setup options:

1. Choose File  Page Setup or File  Print.

2. Select an installed printer from the pop-up list at the top of the dialog box.

3. Set additional options, such as paper size and layout, as desired. The available options depend on
our printer, print drivers, and operating system.

To set Photoshop print options:

1. Choose File  Print with Preview.

2. Make sure Show More Options is selected. Then do one or more of the following:

 Adjust the position and scale of the image in relation to the selected paper size and
orientation.

 Click the Screen button then select halftone screen attributes

 Set other printing options.

 Choose Color Management from the pop-up menu and set color management options.

3 Do one of the following:

 Click Print to print the image.

 Click Cancel to close the dialog box without saving the options.

 Click done to preserve the options and close the dialog box.

 Hold down Alt and click Print One to print one copy of the file.

 Hold down Alt and click Reset to reset the print options.

 Hold down Alt and click Remember to save the print options without closing the dialog
box.

Presentation

To prepare a presentation in Photoshop, we follow the following points.

1. A. Introduction 1. Adobe Photoshop? - The professional image-editing standard 2. Two general

usage of Photoshop - Creating images - Editing existing images

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 2. Adobe Photoshop is a frequently used image editing & creating software. It is a powerful image
processing application software developed by adobe vendors. This software is used to correct errors
and add effect to images. It is also used to create graphics for published in magazines, books,
newspaper and websites

3. How to get started? Click “Start”  Find & click “Photoshop 7.0”

4. Menu 1. File 2. Edit 3. Image 4. Layer 5. Filter 6. View 7.Windows

5. File Save, Save as, Save for web - Save - Save as: Save as a new filename - Save for web:
Save a image as a form of “*.jpg” or “*.gif” which is used for web image Import, Export -
Import: Bring another image into the canvas we are working - Export: Sending the image we are
working to other applications Print

6. LIST OF FILE FORMATS File name extensions Description .PSD Adobe Photoshop uses
Photoshop document or PSD file format by default. .JPEG the joint photograph experts group
(.jpeg; .jpg; .jpe) file name extension is used for digital phography. .GIF The graphics interchange
format or GIF includes(.gif) file name extension is popularly used for creating webpage, elements,
logs, etc. .PNG The portable Network Graphics or PNG (.png) format was designed as an
alternative to GIF and JPEG formats. .TIF the tagged image file format or TIFF (.tif; .tiff) saves and
preserves all of the original image data. .PDF the portable document format (PDf) file format is
used to encapsulate the text, fonts, graphic and other information needed to display it.

7. Edit a. Undo, Step Forward/Backward - Undo: Cancel the last work - Step Forward: Move to the
next stage which you did - Step Backward: Move to the previous stage which you did b. Cut,
Copy, Paste - Cut: Get rid of a part which you select - Copy: Copy a part you select - Paste:
Attach the part you copied

8. Image a. Mode: Select a type of color b. Image size, Canvas size - Image size: Change the size
of the image - Canvas size: change the size of the canvas where we are working c. Rotate
canvas: Changing the direction of our canvas

9. Layer a. New, Delete - New: Create a new layer - Delete: get rid of a layer you selected b.
Arrange - change the order of layers c. Merge - Make layers into one layer

10. Filter -Various Kinds of technical effects

11. View a. Zoom in/out - Zoom in - Zoom out b. Print size - Help us to print only what we need c.
Extras - Showing horizontal and vertical lines by dividing into separate sectors

12. Windows - The same function with “view” in other Windows applications such as MS-Office we can
select what we want to make, visible on our page and what we don’t want to make visible on our
page

How to create ads

Photoshop application allows us to create various ads. For example Create a Shampoo
Advertisement in Photoshop we follow the following steps.

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Step 1: Let's start by creating a new file with a dimension of 700x1000 px and a resolution of 300 ppi.

Step 2: Next, using the Gradient tool (G) set to Radial Gradient; apply the color numbers indicated below.

Step 3: Next, using the Pen tool (P) create two main shapes on two separate layers: (1) Main body of the
shampoo bottle then name this layer as "Main" and (2) The cap of the shampoo bottle and name this layer
"Cap", just like as shown below.

Step 4: Next, to add the color and shadings for the two main shapes we made. First we should activate the
marquee selection or "running ants" around each shape. This will help us to limit the brush tool from
coloring any parts of our work that we don't need to color.

Next, using the Brush tool (B) set to a Size of ~90px and Hardness of 0%, color the shapes we
made using the color numbers indicated below. The color numbers are arranging in that manner because
we want to make the illusion that as if the cap is cylindrical in shape.

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Step 5: Using the same brush settings we used for the cap, color the bottle just like as shown below.
Adding darker colors on both sides of the bottle makes an illusion that the shape curves away from you
giving a final effect of a rounded bottle.

Step 6

After adding the base shading for the bottle, we'll add another layer of shading but this time we're
going to be using a darker shade of grey. For this step, we'll include the top and the bottom part of the
main bottle. The shading at the top part of the bottle should be a little less dark in comparison to the lower
parts of the bottle.

Step 7

Next to add the green strip that'll flow across the bottle. First, add a new layer and name it as
"Greenstrip" then using the Pen tool (P) create a shape just like as shown below. Make sure it is smooth
and curves down elegantly to emphasize the contour of the bottle. Once we have defined the shape, press
right-click and select Make Selection from the dropdown menu.

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Step 8: Next using the Paint Bucket tool (G) fill the entire selection with color. Then using the Brush tool
(B) set to medium hardness; apply color on both sides of the bottle just like as shown below.

Step 9: Next take a Horizontal Type Tool for writing the name of the shampoo like the following.

Step 10: The final output of the ad will display like the following.

Finally save the file with a valid name and present to the advertisement for the interested people.

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/ Ctrl + O or Alt + Ctrl + O

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